CN1178627C - 外科手术铰刀 - Google Patents

外科手术铰刀 Download PDF

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CN1178627C
CN1178627C CNB991047915A CN99104791A CN1178627C CN 1178627 C CN1178627 C CN 1178627C CN B991047915 A CNB991047915 A CN B991047915A CN 99104791 A CN99104791 A CN 99104791A CN 1178627 C CN1178627 C CN 1178627C
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cutter hub
cutting edge
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rotation
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CN1230391A (zh
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安德烈・莱乔特
安德烈·莱乔特
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PRACEMED AG
Precifar SA
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1664Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip
    • A61B17/1666Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip for the acetabulum

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

外科手术铰刀,该铰刀特别用于髋关节整个假体更换时髋臼窝的成形加工。铰刀的外形为空心回转体,其上设置固定元件(3,4),该元件将铰刀安装在铰削主轴上,以便驱动铰刀旋转。空心刀体(1)被杆(2)支承,该杆的轴线与铰刀回转轴线至少大体同轴,该空心刀体本质上在包含所述杆轴线的平面的一侧延伸,而且至少刀体边缘的一部分长度形成切削刃(5)。该铰刀可精确地加工出半球形或其他形状的腔穴。

Description

外科手术铰刀
技术领域
本发明涉及外科手术铰刀,该铰刀特别用于髋关节整个假体更换时髋臼窝的成形加工,铰刀是空心体,该空心体是从一回转体切制而成,铰刀设有固定装置,该装置用于将铰刀安装在铰削主轴上,以便驱动铰刀旋转。
背景技术
专利FR2281095已公开一种外科手术铰刀,该铰刀为半球形冠体,设有一径向杆,该杆用于将铰刀安装在铰削主轴上,以便驱动铰刀绕与半球冠体对称轴线同轴的轴线旋转,半球冠体的表面设有多个切削齿,该切削齿是在金属冠体上冲制并向外推出而制成。这种设计使人联想起奶酪擦子,该结构已在随后的实施例中采用,例如专利申请US5,658,290和EP0,782,840的实施例中所介绍的那样。
这些铰刀保证了有效地铰削,但未能获得高精度的髋臼窝。然而,现代假体安装的趋势是不继续使用粘接或螺钉。于是,希望能将髋臼窝的形状制成比现有铰刀加工所能达到的要更精密得多和更光滑得多。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种外科手术铰刀,其能加工出精确的半球形窝穴或其他形状窝穴。
根据本发明的铰刀是这样一种铰刀,其中,铰刀空心的刀体被一杆支承,该杆至少大体与铰刀的旋转轴线同轴,空心刀体本质上在包含所述轴线的平面之一侧延伸,且至少在其边缘的部分长度上形成切削刃。
根据一具体实施例,空心刀体是半球形冠体。这种铰刀是特别用来加工臀部髋臼窝穴的。
不过,球形表面也能使用形状为球的一扇形部的冠体加工出来。
半球形冠体通常以某种方式对准,例如绕某一直径的圆旋转,不过在某些情况下,半球冠体可以相对于旋转轴略微倾斜,于是,所述旋转轴线不再位于限定半球冠体的子午面内。
空心刀体的边缘可具有切削刃,该切削刃的长度大于或等于刀体边缘长度的一半,特别是使用半球形冠体的情况下,切削刃长度大于或等于刀体边缘圆周的一半。
铰刀的外表面最好完全平滑和经过精密磨削,能加工出光滑和精确的骨窝穴。不过,对于某些应用场合,铰刀的表面至少具有切削与支承齿,该切削与支承齿与现有技术所用铰刀齿和/或至少一支承圆顶相似,于是在切削刃后面留有一空间以避免堵塞。
根据一半球冠体形铰刀的实施例,冠体的边缘具有偏置边(副切削刃),该偏置边(副切削刃)位于由冠体旋转所形成球的赤道平面。此偏置边(副切削刃)可监测铰刀切入骨腔穴的情况,并识别腔穴深度达到要求深度的时刻,该切削深度可能随植入假体而变化。
对附图的简要说明
附图通过实例示出了本发明的两实施例。
图1为根据本发明第一实施例之半球形铰刀,是从铰刀内侧观察的视图。
图2为图1所述铰刀的轮廓图。
图3为所述同一铰刀沿铰刀旋转轴方向观察的视图,图中示出了将其安装在铰削主轴上的装置。
图4为图1至图3所示铰刀的另一实施例。
图5为根据本发明第二实施例之截顶锥体铰刀,是从铰刀内侧观察的视图。
图6为第二实施例的轮廓图。
对推荐实施例的详细说明
图1至图3所示铰刀,本质上包括用钢制成的空心半球冠体1,半球冠体设置了一径向增强杆2,增强杆2刚性地安装在圆柱轴3上,圆柱轴设有四根径向杆4,从而构成一十字叉,用于将铰刀安装在铰削主轴上,正如专利US5,658,290的专利申请人所介绍的那样。圆柱轴3的轴线确定了铰刀的旋转轴线,在所示实施例中,铰刀的旋转轴线与增强杆2的轴线同轴。
冠体1的外表面是平滑的,并可精确磨制。冠体1的边缘采用切削刃5的形式,该切削刃分布在半圆球的多半圆周上,位于元件3和4的对面,元件3和4是用于将铰刀安装在铰削主轴上的。切削刃5位于包含铰刀旋转轴线的平面内。正如所有铰刀那样,所述铰刀必须具有后刀面8。后刀面8是通过略微加宽冠体上经过磨削的边缘来获得的。
冠体1的边缘另外设有径向相对的两偏置边(副切削刃)6和7,该偏置边(副切削刃)位于切削刃的两端。于是,冠体1的边缘就不是全部位于单一平面内。
在加工过程中,铰刀可以从正反两方向之任一方向驱动。在铰刀旋转过程中,铰刀上相应的一半切削刃将进行切削加工。偏置边(副切削刃)6和7可监测铰刀切入骨腔穴的情况。因此,偏置边(副切削刃)也可用任何其他可以实现同样监测目的的标记替换。
正如曾经指出的,冠体1的表面可设置一个或多个齿,如现有技术所使用的铰刀那样。
将铰刀装在铰削主轴上的元件自然可能不同,该元件应适应所使用的铰削主轴。
铰刀的边缘可具有单一偏置边(副切削刃),该偏置边(副切削刃)位于铰刀旋转所形成的球的赤道平面内。
半球冠体可能相对于旋转轴线略微倾斜,目的在于加工出略微具有非圆球特征的形状,以便在假体上获得一定程度的张力。在这种情况下,旋转轴线不再位于半球冠体的子午平面上,而切削刃5则位于相对于旋转轴线略微倾斜的平面内。
半球冠体的表面可具有切削与支承齿。图4示出了齿的例子。这些齿可具有齿9的形状,就是说是一种传统的形状,这种形状可以在金属上切出并将其向外推出而形成。这些齿9分布在铰刀的表面,不仅作为切削齿,而且,主要是作为支承齿,以保证切削刃5后面的间隙,该间隙可避免堵塞。
所述切削与支承齿可具有图中齿10所示形状,这是在美国专利申请US09/065896所述的一种特殊形状。
可使用支承圆顶来取代支承齿,例如图中的圆顶11,这就是说,在铰刀的外表面制成具有泡式凸起的表面。在图4所示替换实施例中,铰刀还设有第二增强杆12,更具体地说,第二增强杆是垂直于主杆2的两半杆。
图5和6示出了根据本发明铰刀的另一实施例。在此第二实施例中,空心体是半截顶锥体13,该锥体用轴向杆4和两横向杆15和16支承,该轴向杆与铰刀的旋转轴线同轴,两横向杆垂直于轴向杆14。空心体13的边缘构成切削刃17,该切削刃类似于第一实施例中的切削刃5。与半球铰刀类似,截顶锥体铰刀可具有分布在铰刀表面的支承齿或支承圆顶。这种截顶锥体铰刀将用于制备骨腔穴,该腔穴用于容纳植入体。

Claims (10)

1.外科手术铰刀,该铰刀用于臀部髋关节整个假体更换时髋臼窝的成形加工,铰刀的外形为空心回转体,其上设置固定元件(3,4),该元件用以将铰刀安装在铰削主轴上,以便驱动铰刀旋转,其空心刀体(1;13)被杆(2;14)支承,其特征在于,该杆的轴线与铰刀回转轴线重合,该空心刀体在包含所述杆轴线的平面的一侧延伸,而且至少在刀体边缘的一半的长度上形成切削刃(5;17)。
2.如权利要求1所述的铰刀,其中,空心刀体的形状为冠体(1),该冠体是从圆球切制而成。
3.如权利要求2所述的铰刀,其中,冠体(1)为半球。
4.如权利要求3所述的铰刀,其中,切削刃(5)在包含铰刀旋转轴线的平面内或平行于所述轴线的平面内延伸。
5.如权利要求3所述的铰刀,其中,切削刃(5)在相对于铰刀旋转轴线略微倾斜的平面内延伸。
6.如权利要求2至5之一所述的铰刀,其中,冠体(1)的边缘具有至少一个副切削刃(6,7),该副切削刃位于球的赤道平面内,该球是由冠体旋转而形成的。
7.如权利要求1所述的铰刀,其中,空心刀体的外形为半截顶锥体(13)。
8.如权利要求1所述的铰刀,其中,空心刀体的外表面是全部平滑的。
9.如权利要求1所述的铰刀,其中,空心刀体的外表面具有至少一切削与支承刀齿(9;10)。
10.如权利要求1所述的铰刀,其中,空心刀体的外表面具有至少一支承圆顶(11)。
CNB991047915A 1998-04-02 1999-04-02 外科手术铰刀 Expired - Fee Related CN1178627C (zh)

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CH793/98 1998-04-02
CH793/1998 1998-04-02
CH00793/98A CH692600A5 (fr) 1998-04-02 1998-04-02 Fraise chirurgicale.

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CN1178627C true CN1178627C (zh) 2004-12-08

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EP (1) EP0947170B1 (zh)
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CH (1) CH692600A5 (zh)
DE (1) DE69913229T2 (zh)

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DE69913229T2 (de) 2004-11-11
EP0947170A3 (fr) 2000-01-19
DE69913229D1 (de) 2004-01-15
US6106536A (en) 2000-08-22
CH692600A5 (fr) 2002-08-30
EP0947170A2 (fr) 1999-10-06
EP0947170B1 (fr) 2003-12-03
CN1230391A (zh) 1999-10-06

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