CN117862527A - Method for manufacturing metal matrix composite friction stir additive based on rod-powder simultaneous feeding - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing metal matrix composite friction stir additive based on rod-powder simultaneous feeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN117862527A CN117862527A CN202311802793.4A CN202311802793A CN117862527A CN 117862527 A CN117862527 A CN 117862527A CN 202311802793 A CN202311802793 A CN 202311802793A CN 117862527 A CN117862527 A CN 117862527A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal matrix composite material by stirring friction based on rod-powder simultaneous feeding, in particular to a device and a material preparation method for manufacturing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material by stirring friction based on synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding. The rod powder simultaneous feeding mode can improve the hardness and the wear resistance of the deposited layer. The size of the deposited layer can be controlled by adding the silk, the reinforcing phase is provided by adding the powder, and the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase in the composite material is adjusted by adjusting the powder feeding amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material manufacturing, in particular to a method and a device for manufacturing a rod-powder co-feeding metal matrix composite material by friction stir vibration, and particularly relates to a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material manufactured by synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding by friction stir vibration and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The traditional processing mode of the magnesium-based, aluminum-based and other metal-based composite materials often adopts a powder metallurgy method. Powder metallurgy refers to a method for preparing a composite material by taking a metal matrix and other reinforcing phase powder as raw materials through a series of processes such as mixing, pressurizing, forming, sintering and the like. However, the strength and toughness of the powder metallurgy product are poorer than those of corresponding casting forgings, and large-sized components are difficult to manufacture.
The preparation of the large composite member can be effectively realized by adopting the additive manufacturing method. The related metal materials are currently subjected to Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM), direct energy deposition (DirectEnergy Deposition (DED)), and the like, but metals of the additive methods undergo a melting-solidification process, which can cause secondary defects in the metal, and the situation of uneven distribution of reinforcing phases is easy to occur in the preparation process, so that the mechanical properties of the materials are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material based on synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, and a rod-powder simultaneous feeding friction stir additive manufacturing device.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a friction stir additive of a metal matrix composite based on rod-powder co-feeding, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting corresponding metal wires as raw materials of a metal matrix in a composite material, and selecting corresponding reinforced phase particles as a hard phase in the composite material;
s2, synchronously feeding the metal wire materials into a stirring head through a powder feeding mechanism after the metal wire materials are mixed by a rod feeding mechanism and reinforced phase particles;
and S3, uniformly mixing the metal wire materials and the reinforcing phase particles fed into the stirring head, and synchronously feeding the mixture into a region to be added with materials, and carrying out friction stir material adding manufacturing to obtain the metal matrix composite material.
Preferably, in step S1, the metal wire includes one of an aluminum alloy wire and a magnesium alloy wire.
Preferably, in step S1, the diameter of the wire is 1-30mm.
Preferably, in step S1, the reinforcing phase particles comprise B 4 C、WC、SiC、Si 3 N 4 、Al 2 O 3 One or more of the particles.
Preferably, in step S1, the reinforcing phase particles have a particle size of 100nm to 80. Mu.m.
Preferably, in step S2, the reinforcing phase particles are present in the metal matrix in an amount of 5-15wt.%.
Preferably, in the step S3, during friction stir additive manufacturing, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 500-3000r/min, the advancing speed is 10-1000mm/min, the upsetting force is 1-500kN, the pressing amount is 1-3mm, the rod feeding speed is 0.5-100mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 0.1-50g/min. Friction stir additive manufacturing is configured to determine rod feed speed, powder feed speed, and welding parameters based on the component parameters, and to set a printing program based thereon to perform a print forming of the component by controlling the rod feed speed and the powder feed speed to ensure a mass ratio of the hard phase in the metal matrix.
Preferably, in step S3, before friction stir additive manufacturing, the stirring head is placed on the surface of the material in the area to be added, and under the action of a preset upsetting force, the stirring pin is inserted into the material in the area to be added, and the stirring head is rotated according to a preset program. And (3) carrying out friction stir additive manufacturing to obtain a first layer of deposition layer, resetting a stirring head, penetrating a previous layer of deposition layer, and then repeatedly depositing a next layer of deposition layer, wherein the metal matrix composite material is deposited layer by layer in an upward growth mode from the first layer until a last Nth layer is deposited, so that a component with the grain size in a first grain size interval is obtained.
In the process of depositing the first layer to the N layer, each layer is subjected to stirring friction to ensure that the metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining, and is uniformly mixed with reinforcing phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, and the thermoplastic composite material is sequentially subjected to flowing deposition to obtain a deposition layer with uniformly dispersed reinforcing phase particles.
Preferably, in step S3, the first grain size interval of the obtained metal matrix composite member is 500nm to 10 μm.
In a second aspect, a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite is provided, and the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite is prepared by the method for manufacturing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite by friction stir additive based on synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides a device for synchronously feeding rods and feeding powder, stirring, friction and additive manufacturing, which comprises a stirring head 1, a powder feeding mechanism 3 and a rod feeding mechanism 4 which coaxially rotate;
the powder feeding channel 1-1 in the stirring head 1 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 3 through a powder feeding pipe, and the rod feeding mechanism 4 enables the metal wire to enter the rod feeding channel 1-3 of the stirring head 1;
the stirring head 1 comprises a connecting part 10, a bearing connecting part 20, a rotating part 30 and a stirring pin 40 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the bearing connecting portion 20 has a bearing outer ring 20A, a bearing inner ring 20B, and balls 20C provided between the bearing outer ring 20A and the bearing inner ring 20B; the bearing outer ring 20A, the bearing inner ring 20B, and the balls 20C constitute a bearing structure, the bearing outer ring 20A constitutes a fixed portion, the bearing inner ring 20B constitutes a rotating portion, and the bearing inner ring 20B is rotatable with respect to the bearing outer ring 20A;
one end of the connection part 10 is provided for receiving a rotational driving force input, and the other end of the connection part 10 extends through the bearing inner race 20B of the bearing connection part 20 and is connected with the swivel part 30, wherein the connection part 10 is provided in fixed connection with the bearing inner race 20B;
the rotary part 30 comprises a vertical section 31, a round platform section 32 and a shaft shoulder section 33 which are sequentially connected, the other end of the connecting part 10 is fixedly connected with one end of the vertical section 31, the larger bottom surface of the round platform section 32 is fixedly connected with the other end of the vertical section 31, the smaller bottom surface of the round platform section 32 is fixedly connected with the shaft shoulder section 33, and the stirring pin 40 is fixedly arranged at the bottom position of the shaft shoulder section 33;
the bearing connecting part 20, the vertical section 31 and the round platform section 32 are provided with a penetrating annular powder feeding channel 1-1 along the circumferential direction, the center of the shaft shoulder section 33 is provided with a penetrating mixing channel 1-2, one end of the annular powder feeding channel 1-1 positioned in the bearing connecting part 20 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 3 through a powder feeding pipe, and the other end of the annular powder feeding channel 1-1 positioned in the round platform section 32 is communicated with the mixing channel 1-2;
the connecting part 10 is fixedly connected with the bearing inner ring 20B through the action of the bearing connecting part 20, so that the bearing inner ring is supported and can smoothly realize high-speed rotation when the connecting part 10 is driven, and the bearing outer ring 20B is still kept still when the connecting part 10 is driven, thereby ensuring that smooth powder feeding from the powder feeding mechanism 3 into the annular channel 1-1 is realized through the powder feeding pipe;
the centers of the connecting part 10, the vertical section 31 and the round platform section 32 are provided with a penetrating rod feeding channel 1-3, one end of the rod feeding channel 1-3 positioned in the connecting part 10 is connected with the rod feeding mechanism 4, and the other end of the rod feeding channel 1-3 positioned in the round platform section 32 is communicated with the mixing channel 1-2.
When the device is used, the metal wire material is directly fed into the rod feeding channel 1-3 from the rod feeding mechanism 4, the reinforcing phase particles are fed into the annular powder feeding channel 1-1 from the powder feeding mechanism 3 through the powder feeding pipe, the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix is ensured by controlling the rod feeding speed and the powder feeding speed, and then the metal wire material and the reinforcing phase particles are synchronously fed into the mixing channel 1-2 in the stirring head and form a uniformly mixed thermoplastic composite material under the action of stirring friction. A plurality of stirring pins 40 can be arranged below the shaft shoulder section 33, and the stirring pins are fixed by rotating the stirring heads to generate pressure between the substrate or the deposition layer and the stirring heads under the action of axial pressure.
The formed thermoplastic composite material flows out to a substrate or a deposition layer 7 under the action of stirring friction, the stirring head 1 rotates at high speed, the composite material is stacked layer by layer along the printing direction under the action of driving force, and finally, the component with uniform reinforced phase particle distribution and matrix structure of refined grains is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a method and a device for manufacturing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material based on friction stir material addition by synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding, which are characterized in that a friction stir material addition manufacturing process is adopted, the synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding are combined at a stirring head, a metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining through the friction stir process, and is uniformly mixed with reinforced phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, deposition is carried out on the surface of a region to be added through the friction stir effect, and the friction stir deposition is repeatedly carried out to add materials.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments, given with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous rod and powder feed friction stir additive manufacturing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process schematic of the method of preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite of the present invention based on simultaneous stick and powder feed friction stir additive manufacturing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a stirring head in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the structure of a stirring head in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic microstructure of a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite prepared using the prior art;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite prepared by the method of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, stirring head, 2, base plate, 3, powder feeding mechanism, 4, rod feeding mechanism, 5, reinforced phase particles, 6, metal wire, 7, deposit layer, 10, bearing connecting part, 20, bearing connecting part, 30, rotating part, 40 and stirring pin; 1-1 parts of powder feeding channels, 1-2 parts of powder feeding channels, 1-3 parts of rod feeding channels, 20A parts of bearing outer rings, 20B parts of bearing inner rings, 20C parts of bearing inner rings, 31 parts of balls, vertical sections, 32 parts of round table sections, 33 parts of shaft shoulders.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are set forth below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the drawings, in which are shown a number of illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, may be implemented in any of a wide variety of ways.
Friction stir additive manufacturing is based on the principle of friction stir welding, and is realized by converting welding into stacking, softening materials by friction heat, forming components under the action of longitudinal pressure, and finally.
The invention adopts friction stir material additive manufacturing to mold the component, the heat source is from the friction between the workpiece and the stirring head, the processing temperature is generally lower than the melting point of the material, the material is not melted in the processing process, the material is in solid state, the interface reaction and the formation of harmful phases can be avoided, and the final finished product has no fusion welding defects such as hot cracks, air holes and the like, so that the density of the component is higher; meanwhile, the microstructure change of the heat affected zone of the welded joint is small due to the low processing temperature, the residual stress is low, and the quality of the additive component is higher.
The invention adopts the wire as the raw material of the metal matrix, also avoids the problems of easy explosion and the like caused by adopting powder as the raw material, improves the production safety, reduces the waste of reinforcing phase particles, effectively improves the utilization rate of the reinforcing phase particles, and has lower cost.
As shown in fig. 1, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on friction stir additive of simultaneous rod and powder feeding, comprising the steps of:
selecting corresponding metal wires as raw materials of a metal matrix in the composite material according to requirements, selecting corresponding reinforcing phase particles as a hard phase in the composite material, loading the metal wires into a rod feeding mechanism, mixing the reinforcing phase particles, and loading the mixed reinforcing phase particles into a powder feeding mechanism;
the stirring head is arranged on the surface of a material in the area to be added, the stirring pin is inserted into the material in the area to be added under the action of preset upsetting force, the stirring head is made to rotate according to a preset program, meanwhile, metal wires and reinforcing phase particles are sent into the stirring head according to the preset program, and the mass ratio of a hard phase in a metal matrix is ensured by controlling the rod sending rate and the powder sending rate;
the metal wires and reinforcing phase particles fed into the stirring head are uniformly mixed in the stirring head and then synchronously fed into a region to be added, the stirring head is arranged to perform friction stir additive manufacturing according to a preset program, a deposition layer is obtained, the stirring head is reset, a previous deposition layer is pricked, the deposition of a next deposition layer is repeatedly performed, and thus, the deposition is performed layer by layer in an upward growth mode from the first layer until the last Nth layer is deposited, and a component with the grain size in a first grain size interval is obtained;
in the process of depositing the first layer to the N layer, each layer is subjected to stirring friction to ensure that the metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining, and is uniformly mixed with reinforcing phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, and the thermoplastic composite material is sequentially subjected to flowing deposition to obtain a deposition layer with uniformly dispersed reinforcing phase particles.
In the following, we will further describe the procedure of the preparation method of the foregoing embodiment with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a device for synchronously feeding rods and powder, stirring, friction and additive manufacturing, which comprises the following parts:
as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a stirring head 1 is placed on the surface of a substrate 2, corresponding metal wires and reinforcing phase particles are selected according to requirements, the reinforcing phase particles are placed in a powder mixer to be fully mixed, uniformly mixed reinforcing phase particles 5 are added into a powder feeding mechanism 3, a powder feeding channel 1-2 of the stirring head 1 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 3 through a powder feeding pipe, a metal wire 6 is placed in a rod feeding mechanism 4, and the metal wires enter the rod feeding channel 1-3 of the stirring head 1.
By controlling the operation of the powder feeding mechanism 3 and the rod feeding mechanism 4, fully mixed reinforcing phase particles 5 and metal wires 6 are continuously fed into the stirring head 1, and are fed into the mixing channel 1-2 in the shaft shoulder through the powder feeding channel and the rod feeding channel in the stirring head 1 for mixing, and are fed to the surface of the processing area for friction stir processing.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the stirring head 1 for friction stir processing has a structure including a connecting portion 10, a bearing connecting portion 20, a rotating portion 30, and a stirring pin 40, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
As shown in fig. 4, the bearing joint 20 includes a bearing outer ring 20A, a bearing inner ring 20B, and balls 20C provided between the bearing outer ring 20A and the bearing inner ring 20B. The bearing outer ring 20A, the bearing inner ring 20B, and the balls 20C constitute a bearing structure. The bearing outer ring 20A constitutes a fixed portion, the bearing inner ring 20B constitutes a rotating portion, and the bearing inner ring 20B is rotatable relative to the bearing outer ring 20A.
One end of the connection portion 10 is provided for receiving a rotational driving force input, and the other end of the connection portion 10 extends through the bearing inner race 20B of the bearing connection portion 20 and is connected to the turning portion, wherein the connection portion 10 is provided in fixed connection with the bearing inner race 20B.
The gyration portion 30 is including vertical section 31, round platform section 32 and the shoulder section 33 that connect gradually, and the other end of connecting portion 10 is connected fixedly with the one end of vertical section 31, and the bigger bottom surface of round platform section 32 is fixed with the other end of vertical section 31, and the less bottom surface of round platform section 32 is fixed with shoulder section 33, and stirring needle 40 is fixed to be set up in the bottom position of shoulder section 33.
The circular truncated cone section 32 is formed in a circular truncated cone shape, the edge of the larger bottom surface of the circular truncated cone section is connected with the vertical section 31, and the edge of the smaller bottom surface is connected with the shaft shoulder section 33.
The shoulder section 33 and the vertical section 31 are both cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the shoulder section 33 is smaller than the outer diameter of the vertical section 31.
The bearing connecting part 20, the vertical section 31 and the round platform section 32 are provided with a penetrating annular powder feeding channel 1-1 along the circumferential direction, the center of the shaft shoulder section 33 is provided with a penetrating mixing channel 1-2, one end of the annular channel in the bearing connecting part 20 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 3 through a powder feeding pipe, and the other end of the annular powder feeding channel 1-1 in the round platform section 32 is communicated with the first channel 1-2.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, by the action of the bearing connecting portion 20, the connecting portion 10 is fixedly connected with the bearing inner race 20B so that it is supported and smoothly realizes high-speed rotation when the connecting portion 10 is driven, while the bearing outer race 20A remains stationary when the connecting portion 10 is driven, thereby ensuring smooth powder feeding from the powder feeding mechanism 3 into the annular powder feeding channel 1-1 through the powder feeding pipe.
The centers of the connecting part 10, the vertical section 31 and the round platform section 32 are provided with a second through channel 1-3, one end of the second channel in the connecting part 10 is connected with the rod feeding mechanism 4, and the other end of the second channel in the round platform section 32 is communicated with the first channel 1-2.
The metal wire material is directly fed into the rod feeding channel 1-3 from the rod feeding mechanism 4, the reinforcing phase particles are fed into the annular powder feeding channel 1-1 from the powder feeding mechanism 3 through the powder feeding pipe, the rod feeding speed and the powder feeding speed are controlled to ensure the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix, and then the metal wire material and the reinforcing phase particles are synchronously fed into the mixing channel 1-2 and form a uniformly mixed thermoplastic composite material under the action of stirring friction.
A stirring head 40 can be arranged below the shaft shoulder section 33, and pressure is generated between the substrate or the deposition layer and the stirring head under the action of axial pressure by rotating the stirring head, so that the stirring pin is fixed.
The formed thermoplastic composite material flows out to a substrate or a deposition layer 7 under the action of stirring friction, the stirring head 1 rotates at high speed, the composite material is stacked layer by layer along the printing direction under the action of driving force, and finally, the component with uniform reinforced phase particle distribution and matrix structure of refined grains is obtained.
The crystal grains of the metal crystal are thinned through stirring friction treatment, the dislocation sliding process is shortened through grain thinning, when external force is applied, plastic deformation can be carried out in more crystal grains, and the plastic deformation is uniform, so that the toughness of the material is improved; meanwhile, the finer the crystal grains are, the fewer the number of dislocation which can be plugged in a single crystal grain is, the more crystal grain boundaries are, the greater the resistance to dislocation movement is, and the greater external stress is required to be applied to start the dislocation, so that the strength of the material is improved.
Meanwhile, the grain refinement shortens the dislocation slip path, so that the reinforced phase is uniformly dispersed, the material has good isotropy, and the mechanical properties in all directions can be more consistently improved.
It should be understood that the number of wires may be multiple, for example, one wire with a diameter of 15mm may be selected according to the requirement, or five wires with a diameter of 3mm may be selected, but the diameters of the wires include, but are not limited to, the above range, and reasonable selection needs to be made in combination with the content of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix.
And the metal wires can be twisted into a strand by external force before entering the rod feeding mechanism and then fed, and can also be directly fed together.
In a preferred embodiment, friction stir additive manufacturing is configured to determine stick speed, powder speed, and welding parameters based on the component parameters, and to set a printing program based thereon to perform a print forming of the component.
In an alternative embodiment, when preparing an aluminum-based composite material, 3 2024 aluminum alloy wires each 3mm in diameter (density 2.85g/cm 3 ) The rod feeding speed is controlled at 33mm +.min, the powder feeding rate of the reinforcing phase particles is controlled to be 0.20g/min, and the content of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix is 10wt.% in the obtained metal matrix composite material.
In another alternative embodiment, when preparing the magnesium-based composite material, 4 AZ31 magnesium filaments each having a diameter of 3mm (density 1.82g/cm 3 ) The rod feeding speed is controlled at 39mm/min, the powder feeding speed of reinforcing phase particles is controlled at 0.20g/min, and the content of reinforcing phase in the magnesium matrix is 10wt.% in the obtained magnesium-based composite material.
In other alternative embodiments, the rod feed rate and powder feed rate may be selected to be reasonable depending on the content of reinforcing phase in the metal matrix, and in particular the number and diameter of wires.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite is also provided, and the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite is manufactured by the method for manufacturing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on friction stir additive of synchronous rod feeding and powder feeding.
In the process of preparing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material in the prior art, hard reinforcing phase powder particles and metal matrix powder particles are pressed into briquettes and sintered at high temperature, so that uneven distribution of reinforcing phases is easy to occur, and after the component is formed, if the component is not subjected to subsequent treatment, the structural grains are coarse, so that the mechanical properties of a formed part are affected (shown in fig. 5).
According to the friction stir additive manufacturing process adopted by the invention, broken metal wire reinforced phase particles are uniformly mixed to form the thermoplastic composite material in the feeding stage, and the friction stir treatment is combined, so that the reinforced phase particles are uniformly distributed in a metal matrix, the toughness and strength of the material are improved, meanwhile, particle agglomeration and component segregation are avoided, the material has good isotropy, the mechanical properties in all directions can be uniformly improved, and the structure grains of a formed part are thinned (as shown in figure 6), so that the mechanical properties of the obtained component are improved.
In examples 2 and 3, the stirring head material used was tool steel, the diameter of the shoulder was 15mm, the length of the stirring pin was 4mm, the diameter of the annular channel was 4mm, the diameter of the first channel was 6mm, and the diameter of the second channel was 8mm.
Example 2
The metal matrix composite material is prepared in this example, and the steps are as follows:
the wires are made of 2024 aluminum alloy, the diameter is about 3mm, the number of the wires is 3, and the 3 wires are twisted into a strand of aluminum wires with the diameter smaller than 8 mm; the reinforcing phase was nano-sized SiC, the particle size was 100nm, and the printing member was a test plate of 100mm×100mm×8mm in size. The specific compositions of the aluminum alloys are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Step 1: the preparation substrate material is an as-cast 2024 aluminum alloy plate, the substrate size is 120mm multiplied by 10mm, 2000# sand paper is adopted for polishing to remove surface impurities and oxides, alcohol is used for wiping the surface after polishing is finished, and a clamp is used for fixing the substrate on a workbench after cleaning.
Step 2: adding SiC reinforced phase particles into a powder feeder, and putting aluminum wires into a rod feeder for standby.
Step 3: the stirring head is respectively connected with the rod feeder and the powder feeder, the rotation speed of the stirring head is set to be 300rpm, the upsetting force is set to be 200KN, the advancing speed is set to be 100mm/min, the stirring needle and the base plate form an angle of 90 degrees, and the pressing-in amount is set to be 1.5mm.
Step 4: and (3) preheating the substrate at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3 minutes, then starting the friction stir welding machine, starting synchronous rotation of the stirring head according to the parameters set in the step (3), and penetrating the stirring needle into the as-cast 2024 aluminum alloy plate under the high-speed rotation state.
Simultaneously starting a rod feeder and a powder feeder, wherein the rod feeding speed is 33mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.20g/min, a stirring head walks in a serpentine path according to the parameters to stir and rub, the heat-plasticized wires and reinforcing phase particles are uniformly mixed and spread outwards for deposition, and a layer of composite metal material deposition layer of 2mm is printed on the surface of a substrate through stirring and rubbing.
Step 5: resetting the stirring pin, penetrating the stirring pin into the deposition layer again under the high-speed rotation state, starting the deposition of a new deposition layer according to the same parameters, and repeating and printing layer by layer until the aluminum alloy composite material component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm is printed.
Step 6: and after printing, opening the cabin door to take out when the molded part is completely cooled (3-4 h), and separating the substrate and the component by adopting a linear cutting method.
Example 2
The procedure for preparing the magnesium-based composite material in this example is as follows:
the wires are AZ31 magnesium wires with the diameter of about 3mm and the number of the wires is 4, and the 4 wires are firstly twisted into a strand of magnesium wires with the diameter of less than 8 mm; reinforcing phase 20% B 4 C、20％WC、20％SiC、20％Si 3 N 4 20% Al 2 O 3 The print member was a test plate of dimensions 100mm by 8mm with a particle size of 300 nm. The specific components of the magnesium alloy are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Step 1: the preparation matrix material is an as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, the size of the base plate is 120mm multiplied by 10mm, 2000# sand paper is adopted for polishing to remove surface impurities and oxides, alcohol is used for wiping the surface after polishing is finished, and a clamp is used for fixing the base plate on a workbench after cleaning.
Step 2: adding SiC reinforced phase particles into a powder feeder, and placing magnesium wires into a rod feeder for standby.
Step 3: the stirring head is respectively connected with the rod feeder and the powder feeder, the rotation speed of the stirring head is set to be 300rpm, the upsetting force is set to be 300KN, the advancing speed is set to be 70mm/min, the stirring needle and the base plate form an angle of 90 degrees, and the pressing-in amount is set to be 1.5mm.
Step 4: and (3) preheating the substrate at 400 ℃ for 3 minutes, then starting a friction stir welding machine, starting synchronous rotation of a stirring head according to the parameters set in the step (3), and firstly, penetrating the as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy plate under the high-speed rotation state of a stirring pin.
Simultaneously starting a rod feeder and a powder feeder, wherein the rod feeding speed is 39mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.20g/min, a stirring head walks in a serpentine path according to the parameters to stir and rub, the heat-plasticized wires and reinforcing phase particles are uniformly mixed and spread outwards for deposition, and a layer of composite metal material deposition layer of 2mm is printed on the surface of a substrate through stirring and rubbing.
Step 5: resetting the stirring pin, penetrating the stirring pin into the deposition layer again under the high-speed rotation state, starting the deposition of a new deposition layer according to the same parameters, and repeating and printing layer by layer until the aluminum alloy composite material component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm is printed.
Step 6: and after printing, opening the cabin door to take out when the molded part is completely cooled (3-4 h), and separating the substrate and the component by adopting a linear cutting method.
Comparative example 1
And preparing the metal matrix composite by adopting a synchronous powder feeding laser material adding process.
Step 1: the 2024 aluminum alloy powder (the compositions are shown in table 1) to be processed is subjected to laser melting deposition molding by using a synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer.
Step 2: the 2024 aluminum alloy powder with the diameter of 100-150 mu m is selected and put into a first powder feeder, and the powder feeding speed is set to be 5g/min. SiC particles with the particle size of 100nm are selected and put into a powder feeder II, the powder feeding speed is set to be 0.5g/min, the laser power of the synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer is 1200W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the layer thickness is 2mm.
Step 3: opening the cabin door, putting 2024 aluminum alloy substrate with the size of 120mm multiplied by 10mm into the cabin door, closing the cabin door, preheating for 3 minutes at the temperature of 100 ℃, starting the powder feeder 1 and the powder feeder 2 simultaneously after the vacuum in the cabin is pumped, synchronously feeding powder, starting to print on the substrate layer by layer according to the program set in the step 2 in a serpentine path, manufacturing a component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm, opening the cabin door after cooling to the room temperature, taking out the component, and separating the substrate and the component by a linear cutting method.
Comparative example 2
Preparation of magnesium-based composite material by synchronous powder feeding laser additive process
Step 1: and (3) performing laser melting deposition molding on AZ31 magnesium alloy powder (the components are shown in table 2) to be processed by using a synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer.
Step 2: AZ31 magnesium alloy powder with the diameter of 100-150 mu m is selected and put into a first powder feeder, and the powder feeding speed is set to be 10g/min. Reinforcing phase particles (20% B) having a particle size of 300nm were selected 4 C、20％WC、20％SiC、20％Si 3 N 4 20% Al 2 O 3 The mixture) is placed into a powder feeder II, the powder feeding speed is set to be 1g/min, the laser power of a synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer is 1600W, the scanning speed is 1500mm/s, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the layer thickness is 2mm.
Step 3: opening the cabin door, putting an AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate with the size of 120mm multiplied by 10mm into the cabin door, closing the cabin door, preheating for 3 minutes at the temperature of 100 ℃, starting the powder feeder 1 and the powder feeder 2 simultaneously after the vacuum in the cabin is pumped, synchronously feeding powder, starting to print on the substrate layer by layer according to the program set in the step 2 in a serpentine path, manufacturing a component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm, opening the cabin door after cooling to the room temperature, taking out the component, and separating the substrate and the component by a linear cutting method.
The method of the present invention for producing metal matrix composite materials (examples 2-3) such as aluminum matrix and magnesium matrix improves the uniformity of the structure compared with comparative examples 1-2 because the materials are sufficiently mixed by feeding powder and feeding bars simultaneously. Meanwhile, in the preparation treatment process of the mixed reinforced phase magnesium-based composite material, defects (density embodiment) such as air holes, thermal cracks and the like existing in metal-based composite materials such as aluminum base, magnesium base and the like are reduced due to friction stir treatment.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The device for synchronously feeding the rod and the powder, stirring, rubbing and additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising a stirring head (1), a powder feeding mechanism (3) and a rod feeding mechanism (4) which coaxially rotate;
the stirring head (1) comprises a connecting part (10), a bearing connecting part (20), a rotating part (30) and a stirring pin (40) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the bearing connection part (20) is provided with a bearing outer ring (20A), a bearing inner ring (20B) and balls (20C) arranged between the bearing outer ring (20A) and the bearing inner ring (20B); the bearing outer ring (20A), the bearing inner ring (20B) and the balls (20C) form a bearing structure, the bearing outer ring (20A) forms a fixed part, the bearing inner ring (20B) forms a rotating part, and the bearing inner ring (20B) can rotate relative to the bearing outer ring (20A);
one end of the connecting part (10) is arranged for receiving rotational driving force input, the other end of the connecting part (10) extends through the bearing inner ring (20B) of the bearing connecting part (20) and is connected with the rotating part (30), and the connecting part (10) is arranged to be fixedly connected with the bearing inner ring (20B);
the rotary part (30) comprises a vertical section (31), a round platform section (32) and a shaft shoulder section (33) which are sequentially connected, the other end of the connecting part (10) is fixedly connected with one end of the vertical section (31), the larger bottom surface of the round platform section (32) is fixedly connected with the other end of the vertical section (31), the smaller bottom surface of the round platform section (32) is fixedly connected with the shaft shoulder section (33), and the stirring pin (40) is fixedly arranged at the bottom position of the shaft shoulder section (33);
the bearing connecting part (20), the vertical section (31) and the round platform section (32) are provided with a penetrating annular powder feeding channel (1-1) along the circumferential direction, the center of the shaft shoulder section (33) is provided with a penetrating mixing channel (1-2), one end of the annular powder feeding channel (1-1) positioned in the bearing connecting part (20) is connected with the powder feeding mechanism (3) through a powder feeding pipe, and the other end of the annular powder feeding channel (1-1) positioned in the round platform section (32) is communicated with the mixing channel (1-2);
the centers of the connecting part (10), the vertical section (31) and the round platform section (32) are provided with a penetrating rod conveying channel (1-3), one end of the rod conveying channel (1-3) positioned in the connecting part (10) is connected with the rod conveying mechanism (4), and the other end of the rod conveying channel (1-3) positioned in the round platform section (32) is communicated with the mixing channel (1-2).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting part (10) is fixedly connected with the bearing inner ring (20B) by the action of the bearing connecting part (20) so that it is supported and can smoothly realize high-speed rotation when the connecting part (10) is driven, while the bearing outer ring (20B) is still kept still when the connecting part (10) is driven, thereby ensuring smooth powder feeding from the powder feeding mechanism (3) into the annular powder feeding channel (1-1) through the powder feeding tube.
3. The manufacturing method of the metal matrix composite friction stir additive based on rod-powder simultaneous feeding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting corresponding metal wires as raw materials of a metal matrix in a composite material, and selecting corresponding reinforced phase particles as a hard phase in the composite material;
s2, synchronously feeding the metal wire materials into a stirring head through a powder feeding mechanism after the metal wire materials are mixed by a rod feeding mechanism and reinforced phase particles;
and S3, uniformly mixing the metal wire materials and the reinforcing phase particles fed into the stirring head, and synchronously feeding the mixture into a region to be added with materials, and carrying out friction stir material adding manufacturing to obtain the metal matrix composite material.
4. A metal matrix composite friction stir additive manufacturing method according to claim 3 wherein in step S1, the type of metal wire comprises one of an aluminum alloy wire and a magnesium alloy wire.
5. A metal matrix composite friction stir additive manufacturing method according to claim 3 wherein in step S1 the wire diameter is 1-30mm.
6. A method of manufacturing a metal matrix composite friction stir additive according to claim 3, characterized by the steps ofIn S1, the reinforcing phase particles comprise B 4 C、WC、SiC、Si 3 N 4 、Al 2 O 3 One or more of the particles.
7. A metal matrix composite friction stir additive manufacturing method according to claim 3 wherein in step S1 the reinforcing phase particles have a particle size of 100nm to 80 μm.
8. A metal matrix composite friction stir additive manufacturing method according to claim 3 wherein in step S2 the reinforcing phase particles are present in the metal matrix in an amount of 5-15wt.%.
9. The method for manufacturing a friction stir additive of a metal matrix composite according to claim 3, wherein in the step S3, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 500-3000r/min, the advancing speed is 10-1000mm/min, the upsetting force is 1-500kN, the pressing amount is 1-3mm, the rod feeding speed is 0.5-100mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 0.1-50g/min.
10. A metal matrix composite comprising a hard phase reinforcement prepared by the metal matrix composite friction stir additive manufacturing method of any of claims 3-9.
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