CN217571283U - System for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing high-entropy alloy - Google Patents
System for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing high-entropy alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a system for multi-wire synchronous stirring material increase manufacturing high-entropy alloy, which synchronously sends different types of metal wires into a stirring head through a wire guide mechanism, and then continues to be transported downwards to the surface of the material increase to be processed after forming solid welding wires by extrusion contraction, so as to ensure that the wire is fed and the alloy is stirred and material increase manufactured at the same time, and obtain the high-entropy alloy with refined tissue; then carrying out solution heat treatment, thus obtaining the high-entropy alloy with uniform structure, and the specific strength, the anti-fracture capability, the tensile strength, the corrosion resistance, the oxidation resistance and the like of the high-entropy alloy are better than those of the traditional alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a non ferrous metal material processing technology field particularly relates to a system of many silks synchronous stirring vibration material disk high entropy alloy.
Background
The high-entropy alloy is an alloy formed of five or more metals in the same amount or about the same amount, and has a very high mixing entropy, so that the formation of intermetallic compounds is suppressed, and the high-entropy alloy is excellent in wear resistance, strength, thermal stability, fatigue and fracture resistance, magnetic properties, and the like.
The traditional method for preparing the high-entropy alloy mainly comprises a vacuum arc melting method, a mechanical alloying method, a magnetron sputtering method and the like, has the problems of limited size and shape, serious component segregation and the like, easily generates cold cracking, shrinkage cavity and other defects, and causes serious adverse effects on the performance of the prepared high-entropy alloy.
The additive manufacturing technology is opposite to the traditional additive reducing processing thought, and the additive manufacturing technology utilizes a high-energy source to melt materials point by point, pile the materials layer by layer and directly form the materials. Since the advent of additive manufacturing technology, extensive attention has been paid to the advantages of short processing cycle, high production efficiency, high-flexibility production and the like, and the main preparation methods include 3D printing, magnetron sputtering, directional solidification and the like. The three technologies have respective advantages and application ranges, and the additive manufacturing of the material can be well realized.
Chinese patent publication No. CN112894075a discloses a method for multi-wire plasma arc additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy, which adopts plasma arc as a heat source to melt multi-wire welding wires, and the multi-wire welding wires are twisted according to a formula through twisted components, thereby breaking through additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy by melting metal powder, and using various common alloy wires as raw materials to perform additive manufacturing of uniformly twisted high-entropy alloy, so that the cost of additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of additive manufacturing is greatly improved. However, due to the complexity of the alloy composition and the great difference of the melting points of the elements, obvious element segregation occurs in the melting solidification and cooling processes, and compared with the traditional alloy, an as-cast sample has obvious casting defects and needs to be subjected to subsequent treatment.
Chinese patent No. CN109317671a discloses a method for preparing high-entropy alloy by laser additive, which changes the process parameters of each deposition layer by layer to make the prepared alloy core and exterior possess different mechanical properties, so as to obtain high-performance and defect-free functionally gradient blocky high-entropy alloy and solve the problems of low bonding strength between deposition layers, interface defects and the like; and after the deposition is finished, hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out, so that pores, microcracks, residual thermal stress and the like in the sample manufactured by the laser additive are eliminated, and the mechanical property of the sample is improved. However, in the process of laser additive manufacturing, the problem of obvious element segregation caused by the melting solidification and cooling processes still exists, and meanwhile, the defects of high raw material price, low alloy powder utilization rate, low additive efficiency and the like exist, so that the application of the high-entropy alloy in the industry is limited.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to prior art not enough provides a system of many synchronous stirring vibration material disk high entropy alloy, through sending required metal silk material into the stirring head, carries out friction stir in step and gives the vibration material disk, has improved the composition segregation problem in the high entropy alloy of gained to obtain the organizational structure who refines, and obtain the homogenization tissue through solution heat treatment, improve mechanical properties, realize the toughened effect of material reinforcing.
According to the utility model discloses the first aspect of purpose provides a system of many synchronous stirring vibration material disk high entropy alloy, include:
the wire feeding system is used for conveying metal wires made of various materials to the surface of the material adding area on the substrate;
the stirring friction additive manufacturing system comprises a stirring head, wherein the stirring head comprises a connecting part, a shaft shoulder part and a stirring pin which are sequentially connected;
a wire guiding mechanism is arranged in the connecting part, the wire guiding mechanism is embedded in the connecting part, a bearing is arranged between the wire guiding mechanism and the connecting part, and the wire guiding mechanism is kept in a static state through the bearing;
the first end face of the wire guide mechanism is provided with a plurality of wire guide holes, each metal wire enters the wire guide mechanism from a corresponding wire guide hole, is conveyed downwards along an inverted cone-shaped cavity in the wire guide mechanism and is gathered, the gathered metal wires enter a gathering mechanism arranged at the tip end of the cavity, are gathered and converged by the gathering mechanism, and are continuously conveyed into a first hole position at the second end face of the wire guide mechanism;
a second hole site penetrating through the shaft shoulder is arranged in the shaft shoulder and communicated with the first hole site, and the metal wire subjected to shrinkage polymerization enters the shaft shoulder from the first hole site and is conveyed to the surface of a region to be subjected to material increase along the second hole site;
the stirring pins are arranged on the end face of the shaft shoulder part far away from the connecting part and arranged on two sides of the second hole position and used for promoting the flow of surrounding materials;
the friction stir additive manufacturing system is connected with the control driving system, and the control driving system is arranged for carrying out friction stir additive manufacturing on the wire output from the shaft shoulder, so that the problem of element segregation of the high-entropy alloy in the preparation process is solved, and the structure of the high-entropy alloy is refined.
Optionally, the gathering mechanism includes at least one set of clamping device, the clamping device includes an inner ring, an outer ring and a plurality of pre-tightening force mechanisms, such as springs, the springs are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, gathered metal wires enter the inner ring, and the gathered metal wires are gathered and gathered by the counter-acting force of the springs.
Optionally, the diameter of the inner ring is smaller than that of the gathered metal wire.
Optionally, the wire feed system includes a plurality of independent wire feeders configured to feed wire to the wire guide at the same line speed.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
the system for manufacturing the high-entropy alloy by multi-wire synchronous stirring and material increase can directly design the component proportion of the alloy during material increase manufacturing, set parameters on site and stir material increase, effectively improves the process manufacturing flow, avoids the waste of metal materials, reduces the cost and improves the material increase efficiency; the utility model discloses a system of many synchronous stirring vibration material disk high entropy alloy, can realize at the in-process that friction stir vibration material disk was made, send into the stirring head in the synchronization of the metal wire material of different kinds, carry out the friction stir deposition through repeatedly and give the vibration material disk, there is not melting-solidification process because of in the friction stir vibration material disk manufacturing process, the characteristics of the metallurgical defect that has avoided melting-solidification in-process to produce, obviously improve the element segregation that can take place in the material disk manufacturing process of high entropy alloy, the high entropy alloy internal defect who obtains is little, stress is little, the tissue is even, and has good performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the system for manufacturing high-entropy alloy by multi-wire synchronous stirring and additive manufacturing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the stirring head of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the pinching mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the clamping device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the processing technique for manufacturing high-entropy alloy by multi-wire synchronous stirring and additive manufacturing.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of element segregation in a high entropy alloy prepared by the prior art.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the segregation of elements in the high-entropy alloy produced by the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways.
With reference to fig. 1, the utility model provides a system for multi-wire synchronous stirring material increase manufacturing of high-entropy alloy, which is characterized in that different types of metal wires are synchronously fed into a stirring head through a wire guide mechanism, and then are continuously transported downwards to the surface to be added after being extruded and shrunk to form a solid welding wire, so that the alloy is stirred and material increase manufactured while the wire is fed, and the high-entropy alloy with refined tissue is obtained; then carrying out solution heat treatment, thus obtaining the high-entropy alloy with uniform structure, and the specific strength, the anti-fracture capability, the tensile strength, the corrosion resistance, the oxidation resistance and the like of the high-entropy alloy are better than those of the traditional alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy, including:
the wire feeding system 10 may adopt a commercially available wire feeding device 11, and a corresponding number of wire feeding devices may be set according to the type of metal required, and the wire feeding devices may be respectively conveyed into the stirring head and convey the metal wire to the surface of the material to be added on the substrate.
Friction stir additive manufacturing system 20 includes the stirring head, and the stirring head includes connecting portion 21, shaft shoulder 22 and stirring pin 23 that connect gradually.
With reference to fig. 1-4, a wire guiding mechanism 211 is disposed in the connecting portion 21, the wire guiding mechanism 211 is embedded in the connecting portion, and a bearing 212 is disposed between the wire guiding mechanism 211 and the connecting portion 21, so that when the stirring head rotates at a high speed, the wire guiding mechanism 211 is kept in a stationary state by the bearing, thereby ensuring the stability of the wire feeding system 10.
The first end face of the wire guide mechanism is provided with a plurality of wire guide holes 211A, the number of the wire guide holes 211A is determined according to the type of metal required by the prepared high-entropy alloy, the number of the wire guide holes 211A is at least 5, and more than 5 wire guide holes can be arranged to meet different use requirements.
Each metal wire corresponds to one wire guide hole, after the wire feeding device conveys the metal wires to the wire guide hole 211A and enters the wire guide mechanism 211, the metal wires are conveyed downwards and gathered along a cavity inside the wire guide mechanism 211, particularly preferably an inverted cone-shaped cavity 211B, the gathered metal wires enter a gathering mechanism 213 arranged at the tip end of the cavity, the gathered metal wires are gathered and converged by the gathering mechanism 213 to form a solid welding wire, and the solid welding wire is continuously conveyed to a first hole position 211C on the second end face of the wire guide mechanism.
A second hole position 221 which penetrates through the shaft shoulder 22 is arranged in the shaft shoulder 22, the second hole position 221 is communicated with the first hole position 211C, the metal wire materials which are subjected to shrinkage polymerization enter the shaft shoulder from the first hole position 211C, the metal wire materials which are subjected to shrinkage polymerization start to be subjected to thermal plasticization along with high-speed rotation of the shaft shoulder 22, the metal wire materials are conveyed to the surface of a material area to be subjected to material increase along the second hole position 221, and the number 30 in the drawing is a base plate.
The pins 23 are provided on the end surface of the shoulder portion 22 away from the connecting portion 21 and on both sides of the second hole 221, and promote the flow of the surrounding material by the pins.
The heat generated by the heat plastified metal in the shaft shoulder is continuously generated by means of stirring friction between the shaft shoulder and the stirring needle and the base material, so that the high-temperature strong plastic deformation of the metal wire is promoted, and the wire is crushed and refined after being extruded, thereby realizing the flow deposition to obtain the deposition structure.
The stirring friction material increase manufacturing system 20 is connected with a control driving system, and the control driving system is arranged for carrying out stirring friction material increase manufacturing on the wire material output from the shaft shoulder, so that the problem of element segregation of the high-entropy alloy in the manufacturing process is solved, and the structure of the high-entropy alloy is refined.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in an alternative embodiment, the pinching mechanism 213 includes at least one set of clamping devices 213A, an inner race 213A-1, an outer race 213A-2, and a plurality of pretensioning mechanisms 213A-3, such as springs, disposed between the inner race 213A-1 and the outer race 213A-2.
In the illustrated example, the pinching mechanism 213 includes a plurality of sets of grippers 213A arranged in parallel along the conveying direction of the metal wire, through which the metal wire is sequentially passed and pinched into a bundle.
The inner ring 213A-1 is made of flexible materials, so that the inner ring has certain elasticity, and gathered metal wires can enter the inner ring more easily, for example, the inner ring is made of rubber; the outer ring 213A-2 is made of rigid material, so that the stability of the clamping device is ensured.
After the gathered metal wire is extruded into the inner ring 213A-1, the inner ring generates an outward acting force to extrude the spring, and the spring enables the metal wire to reach a shrinkage polymerization state through a counterforce.
In a more alternative embodiment, the original diameter of the inner ring 213A-1 is smaller than the diameter of the gathered metal wires, and the diameter of the gathered metal wires is smaller than the maximum diameter of the inner ring 213A-1 after being stretched, so that the metal wires can reach a shrinkage polymerization state through the reaction force of the spring, wherein the diameter of each metal wire is not limited.
It should be understood that the pinching mechanism is detachably mounted, so that the size of the inner ring can be changed according to actual needs to adapt to different wire sizes.
In another alternative embodiment, the clamping device adopts an automatic tightening system, and the electric actuator is controlled by the control system to extrude the inner ring so as to achieve the purpose of tightening the metal wire.
Due to the complexity of alloy composition and the great difference of melting points of the elements in the preparation process of the high-entropy alloy, the elements are obviously segregated in the melting solidification and cooling processes (as shown in figure 6), and the cast sample has obvious casting defects.
The utility model discloses a many synchronous friction stir solid phase vibration material disk in-process metal does not take place to melt-solidifies the action, has avoided a series of defects such as the element segregation that the metal melting-solidification brought (as shown in figure 7), therefore the shaping component can obtain excellent mechanical properties.
As shown in fig. 5, on the basis of the system for manufacturing high-entropy alloy by multi-wire synchronous stirring and material increase, the processing technique for manufacturing high-entropy alloy by multi-wire synchronous stirring and material increase comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting metal wires of corresponding types according to target high-entropy alloy, pretreating the surfaces of the metal wires, removing surface oxide layers, and loading the treated metal wires into a wire feeding system 11;
s2, feeding the wires to a wire guide mechanism 211 at the same linear speed according to a preset program, guiding the wires to enter a gathering mechanism through the wire guide mechanism, enabling the gathered metal wires to contract and gather into a bundle by a clamping device 213A of the gathering mechanism, enabling the gathered metal wires to reach the surface of an area to be subjected to material increase through a shaft shoulder of a stirring head, and performing friction stir material increase manufacturing through the stirring friction of a stirring needle and the stirring and pressing of the shaft shoulder, wherein the stirring head is arranged to perform friction stir material increase manufacturing on a substrate according to the preset program, and performing layer-by-layer deposition from a first layer in an upward growth mode until a last Nth layer is deposited to obtain a first member;
in the process of depositing the first layer to the Nth layer, each layer is subjected to friction stir additive manufacturing, so that wire materials are subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue crushing and refining, and then tissue ordered flow deposition is realized to obtain a deposition layer, wherein the tissue ordered flow deposition can be realized through friction stir additive manufacturing, the phenomenon that element segregation occurs in the current deposition layer tissue is improved, and the obtained grains of the first member tissue are refined to a first grain size interval;
and S3, carrying out solid solution treatment on the first component to obtain the required high-entropy alloy component.
In an alternative embodiment, the first grain size interval is 500nm-10 μm.
In an alternative embodiment, the raw material of the high entropy alloy is at least 5 metal wires of Al, ti, co, cr, ni, fe, cu, zr, nb, V, W and Mn. In one or more embodiments, the metal wires made of different materials are fed into the stirring head according to the same molar ratio to be subjected to friction stir additive manufacturing.
It should be understood that the raw materials of the high-entropy alloy include, but are not limited to, the above-mentioned kinds, and those skilled in the art can design the composition ratio of the alloy according to actual conditions and select the corresponding metal.
In an alternative embodiment, in the friction stir additive manufacturing, it is configured to determine the wire feeding speed and the process parameters of the friction stir additive manufacturing according to the alloy component parameters, and set the printing program according to the determined parameters to perform printing and forming of the component.
In an alternative embodiment, the process conditions for friction stir additive manufacturing are as follows:
the feeding amount of the stirring head is 50-500mm/min, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1000-4000r/min, the pressing amount of the stirring head is 0.1-0.5mm, the pressing force of the stirring head is 30000-50000N, and the wire feeding speed is 300-500mm/min.
In an alternative embodiment, the conditions for solution treating the first member are as follows:
annealing treatment is carried out at 50-100 ℃ below the beta transformation point of the first component, heat preservation is carried out for 0.5-3h, and then furnace cooling is carried out to obtain the required high-entropy alloy component.
In the system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy, the wire feeding device 11 is set to a predetermined linear velocity, and the linear velocity of each material conveying is the same.
For better understanding, the processing of the present invention is further described below with reference to several specific examples, but the processing is not limited thereto.
[ example 1 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate
The method comprises the following steps: selecting components according to a target composite material, wherein the atomic ratio is 1:1:1:1:1 of 5 different kinds of metal wire materials of Al, co, cr, fe and Ni (the polymerized diameter of 5 wire materials is 4 mm), and the surface of the metal wire material is pretreated to remove a surface oxidation layer.
Step two: after the treatment is finished, the corresponding metal wire is loaded into a wire feeding mechanism, and wire feeding parameters are set: the wire feeding speed is 350mm/min, and the wire feeding equipment is used for synchronously feeding wires.
Step three: and selecting a proper steel substrate.
Step four: selecting the original diameter of a rubber inner ring in the clamping mechanism to be 3mm, and hooping the wire material by a circle of spring around; the stirring head is a tungsten-rhenium alloy stirring head.
Step five: inputting parameters in a control system to carry out stirring additive manufacturing on the alloy, wherein the parameters of the stirring friction treatment are as follows: the feeding amount of the stirring head is 300mm/min, the rotating speed is 1500r/min, the pressing amount is 0.2mm and the pressing force is 40000N; and performing stirring additive manufacturing until the component is completely molded.
Step six: and after the printed piece is cooled, taking down the printed piece.
Step seven: and (3) annealing the obtained printed piece at 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and then cooling the printed piece in a furnace to eliminate residual stress to obtain the high-entropy alloy component with excellent structure performance.
[ example 2 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate
The method comprises the following steps: selecting components according to a target composite material, wherein the molar ratio is 1:1:1:1:1 of 5 different kinds of metal wire materials of Al, co, cr, fe and Ni (the polymerized diameter of 5 wire materials is 4 mm), and the surface of the metal wire material is pretreated to remove a surface oxidation layer.
Step two: after the treatment is finished, the corresponding metal wire is loaded into a wire feeding mechanism, and wire feeding parameters are set: the wire feeding speed is 350mm/min, and the wire feeding equipment is used for synchronously feeding wires.
Step three: and selecting a proper steel substrate.
Step four: selecting the original diameter of a rubber inner ring in the clamping mechanism to be 3mm, and hooping the wire material by a circle of spring around; the stirring head is a tungsten-rhenium alloy stirring head.
Step five: inputting parameters in a control system to carry out stirring additive manufacturing on the alloy, wherein the parameters of the stirring friction treatment are as follows: the feeding amount of the stirring head is 400mm/min, the rotating speed is 1500r/min, the pressing amount is 0.2mm and the pressing force is 40000N; and performing stirring additive manufacturing until the component is completely molded.
Step six: and after the printed piece is cooled, taking down the printed piece.
Step seven: and (3) annealing the obtained printed piece at 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and then cooling the printed piece in a furnace to eliminate residual stress to obtain the high-entropy alloy component with excellent structure performance.
[ example 3 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate
The method comprises the following steps: selecting components according to a target composite material, wherein the molar ratio is 1:1:1:1:1 of 5 different kinds of metal wire materials of Al, co, cr, fe and Ni (the polymerized diameter of 5 wire materials is 4 mm), and the surface of the metal wire material is pretreated to remove a surface oxidation layer.
Step two: after the treatment is finished, the corresponding metal wire is loaded into a wire feeding mechanism, and wire feeding parameters are set: the wire feeding speed is 350mm/min, and the wire feeding equipment is used for synchronously feeding wires.
Step three: and selecting a proper steel substrate.
Step four: selecting the original diameter of a rubber inner ring in the clamping mechanism to be 3mm, and hooping the wire material by a circle of spring around; the stirring head is made of tungsten-rhenium alloy.
Step five: inputting parameters in a control system to carry out stirring additive manufacturing on the alloy, wherein the parameters of the stirring friction treatment are as follows: the feeding amount of the stirring head is 300mm/min, the rotating speed is 1800r/min, the pressing amount is 0.2mm and the pressing force is 40000N; and performing stirring additive manufacturing until the component is completely molded.
Step six: and after the printed piece is cooled, taking down the printed piece.
Step seven: and (3) annealing the obtained printed piece at 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and then cooling the printed piece in a furnace to eliminate residual stress to obtain the high-entropy alloy component with excellent structure performance.
[ example 4 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting components according to a target composite material, wherein the molar ratio is 1:1:1:1:1 of 5 different kinds of metal wire materials of Ni, cr, W, fe and Ti (the polymerized diameter of 5 wire materials is 6 mm), and the surface of the metal wire material is pretreated to remove a surface oxidation layer.
Step two: after the treatment is finished, the corresponding metal wire is loaded into a wire feeding mechanism, and wire feeding parameters are set: the wire feeding speed is 350mm/min, and the wire feeding equipment is used for synchronously feeding wires.
Step three: and selecting a proper steel substrate.
Step four: selecting the original diameter of a rubber inner ring in the clamping mechanism to be 5mm, and hooping the wire material by a circle of spring around; the stirring head is a tungsten-rhenium alloy stirring head.
Step five: inputting parameters in a control system to carry out stirring additive manufacturing on the alloy, wherein the parameters of the stirring friction treatment are as follows: the feeding amount of the stirring head is 300mm/min, the rotating speed is 1500r/min, the pressing amount is 0.2mm and the pressing force is 40000N; and performing stirring additive manufacturing until the component is completely molded.
Step six: and after the printed piece is cooled, taking down the printed piece.
Step seven: and carrying out annealing treatment at 800 ℃ on the obtained printed piece, keeping the temperature for 3h, and then cooling the printed piece in a furnace to eliminate residual stress, thereby obtaining the high-entropy alloy component with excellent structure performance.
[ example 5 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting components according to a target composite material, wherein the molar ratio is 1:1:1:1:1 of 5 different kinds of metal wire materials of Ni, cr, W, fe and Ti (the polymerized diameter of 5 wire materials is 6 mm), and the surface of the metal wire material is pretreated to remove a surface oxidation layer.
Step two: after the treatment is finished, the corresponding metal wire is loaded into a wire feeding mechanism, and wire feeding parameters are set: the wire feeding speed is 350mm/min, and the wire feeding equipment carries out synchronous wire feeding operation.
Step three: and selecting a proper steel substrate.
Step four: selecting the original diameter of a rubber inner ring in the clamping mechanism to be 5mm, and hooping the wire material by a circle of spring around; the stirring head is a tungsten-rhenium alloy stirring head.
Step five: inputting parameters in a control system to carry out stirring additive manufacturing on the alloy, wherein the parameters of the stirring friction treatment are as follows: the feeding amount of the stirring head is 400mm/min, the rotating speed is 1500r/min, the pressing amount is 0.2mm and the pressing force is 40000N; and performing stirring additive manufacturing until the component is completely molded.
Step six: and after the printed piece is cooled, taking down the printed piece.
Step seven: and annealing the obtained printed piece at 800 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and then cooling the furnace to eliminate residual stress to obtain the high-entropy alloy component with excellent structure performance.
[ example 6 ]
The method comprises the following steps: selecting components according to a target composite material, wherein the molar ratio is 1:1:1:1:1 of 5 different kinds of metal wire materials of Ni, cr, W, fe and Ti (the polymerized diameter of 5 wire materials is 6 mm), and the surface of the metal wire material is pretreated to remove a surface oxidation layer.
Step two: after the treatment is finished, the corresponding metal wire is loaded into a wire feeding mechanism, and wire feeding parameters are set: the wire feeding speed is 350mm/min, and the wire feeding equipment carries out synchronous wire feeding operation.
Step three: and selecting a proper steel substrate.
Step four: selecting the original diameter of a rubber inner ring in the clamping mechanism to be 5mm, and hooping the wire material by a circle of spring around; the stirring head adopts tungsten-rhenium alloy for stirring.
Step five: inputting parameters in a control system to carry out stirring additive manufacturing on the alloy, wherein the parameters of the stirring friction treatment are as follows: the feeding amount of the stirring head is 300mm/min, the rotating speed is 1800r/min, the pressing amount is 0.2mm and the pressing force is 40000N; and performing stirring additive manufacturing until the component is completely molded.
Step six: and after the printed piece is cooled, taking down the printed piece.
Step seven: and carrying out annealing treatment at 800 ℃ on the obtained printed piece, keeping the temperature for 3h, and then cooling the printed piece in a furnace to eliminate residual stress, thereby obtaining the high-entropy alloy component with excellent structure performance.
Comparative example 1
Preparing the high-entropy alloy by a selective laser melting method in laser additive manufacturing:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing prealloying powder by an atomization technology, and then mechanically alloying elementary substance powder of Al, ti, co, cr and Ni with the particle size of 30 mu m according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1:1 to obtain the powder material used by the target high-entropy alloy.
Step two: the powder is spread on the substrate through a scraper or a powder spreading roller, a high-energy laser beam scans the selected area of each layer of slice, the laser power is set to be 1600W, the scanning speed is set to be 10mm/s, and the metal powder in the slice outline of the part is completely melted.
Step three: after one layer is processed, the forming platform descends by a layer of height, the height is the thickness of each layer of slice of the three-dimensional model, then the next layer of powder laying and laser scanning are continued, and finally the part is directly formed.
Step four: and (5) after printing is finished, cooling the piece to be printed and taking down the molded part.
Comparative example 2
Preparing the high-entropy alloy by a selective laser melting method in laser additive manufacturing:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing prealloying powder by an atomization technology, and then mechanically alloying elementary powder of Ni, cr, W, fe and Ti with the particle size of 30 mu m according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1:1 to obtain the powder material used by the target high-entropy alloy.
Step two: the powder is spread on the substrate through a scraper or a powder spreading roller, a high-energy laser beam scans the selected area of each layer of slice, the laser power is set to be 1600W, the scanning speed is set to be 10mm/s, and the metal powder in the slice outline of the part is completely melted.
Step three: after one layer is processed, the forming platform descends by a layer of height, the height is the thickness of each layer of slice of the three-dimensional model, then the next layer of powder laying and laser scanning are continued, and finally the part is directly formed.
Step four: and (5) after printing is finished, cooling the piece to be printed and taking down the molded part.
Performance testing
The high-entropy alloys obtained in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and elongation, and the results are shown in the following table.
| Sample Properties | Tensile strength MPa | Yield strength MPa | Hardness HV | Elongation percentage% |
| Example 1 | 1587 | 607 | 495 | 17.8 |
| Example 2 | 1595 | 590 | 506 | 18.2 |
| Example 3 | 1604 | 611 | 510 | 18.9 |
| Example 4 | 1229 | 695 | 483 | 12.9 |
| Example 5 | 1240 | 710 | 499 | 13.6 |
| Example 6 | 1311 | 723 | 512 | 13.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1202 | 502 | 433 | 14.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 983 | 657 | 401 | 10.6 |
From the above test results, in combination with the performance test results of examples 1 to 3 and 4 to 6, it can be seen that the tensile property (embodied tensile strength), the plastic deformation resistance (embodied yield strength), the hardness, and the plastic property (embodied elongation) of the high-entropy alloy member are improved to some extent with the increase of the feeding amount and the rotation speed of the stirring head when the high-entropy alloy is obtained by stirring additive manufacturing using the same material.
Compared with the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 2 to 4 to 6, the high-entropy alloy material prepared by the friction stir additive manufacturing obviously improves the segregation problem of element components, and the tensile property, the plastic property and the wear resistance of the material are improved to a certain extent due to the reduction of the component segregation and the action of strong plasticity, so that the high-entropy alloy material is superior to the high-entropy alloy prepared by the laser additive manufacturing. In addition, the stirring effect of the stirring head effectively reduces internal defects of pores, cracks and the like in a microstructure, and effectively improves the comprehensive performance of the material after molding.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is intended to cover by those skilled in the art various modifications and adaptations of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy is characterized by comprising:
the wire feeding system (10) is used for conveying metal wires made of various materials to the surface of a to-be-additized area on the substrate;
the stirring friction additive manufacturing system (20) comprises a stirring head, wherein the stirring head comprises a connecting part (21), a shaft shoulder part (22) and a stirring pin (23) which are sequentially connected;
a guide wire mechanism (211) is arranged in the connecting part, the guide wire mechanism (211) is embedded in the connecting part, a bearing (212) is arranged between the guide wire mechanism (211) and the connecting part (21), and the guide wire mechanism (211) is kept in a static state through the bearing (212);
a plurality of wire guide holes (211A) are formed in the first end face of the wire guide mechanism, each metal wire enters the wire guide mechanism from a corresponding wire guide hole (211A) and is conveyed downwards along a cavity (211B) in the wire guide mechanism (211), the metal wires enter a gathering mechanism (213) arranged at the tip of the cavity (211B), the gathered metal wires are gathered through the gathering mechanism (213) in a shrinkage manner and are conveyed to the first hole position (211C) in the second end face of the wire guide mechanism continuously;
a second hole position (221) penetrating through the shaft shoulder part (22) is arranged in the shaft shoulder part, the second hole position (221) is communicated with the first hole position (211C), and the metal wires subjected to shrinkage polymerization enter the shaft shoulder part (22) from the first hole position (211C) and are conveyed to the surface of a region to be subjected to material increase along the second hole position (221);
the stirring pins (23) are arranged on the end face of the shaft shoulder part (22) far away from the connecting part (21) and are arranged on two sides of the second hole position (221) and used for promoting the flow of the surrounding materials;
the friction stir additive manufacturing system (20) is connected with a control driving system, and the control driving system is used for performing friction stir additive manufacturing on the wires output from the shaft shoulder.
2. A system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy according to claim 1, wherein the pinching mechanism (213) comprises at least one set of clamping device (213A), the clamping device (213A) comprises an inner ring (213A-1), an outer ring (213A-2) and a plurality of pre-tightening force mechanisms (213A-3) arranged between the inner ring (213A-1) and the outer ring (213A-2), and the pre-tightening force mechanisms (213A-3) are used for keeping the tendency of the inner ring (213A-1) and the outer ring (213A-2) to move away from each other.
3. The system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of a high-entropy alloy according to claim 2, wherein the gathered metal wire materials enter the inner ring (213A-1), and are contracted and converged into one bundle through a pretightening force of the pretightening force mechanism (213A-3) and acting on the inner ring (213A-1).
4. A system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloy according to claim 2, wherein the pre-tightening mechanism (213A-3) is a spring with pre-tightening force.
5. A system for multi-filar synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of a high entropy alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the diameter of the inner ring (213A-1) is smaller than the diameter of the gathered metal wires.
6. A system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high entropy alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pinching mechanism (213) comprises a plurality of sets of clamping devices (213A) arranged in parallel along the conveying direction of the metal wire, for the metal wire to pass through in sequence and to be bound into a bundle.
7. A system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high entropy alloys according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the wire feeding system (10) comprises a plurality of independent wire feeders (11), the plurality of wire feeders (11) being arranged to feed wire to the wire guiding mechanism (211) at the same linear speed.
8. The system for multi-wire synchronous stirring additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cavity (211B) is in an inverted cone shape, the metal wires are conveyed downwards along the inverted cone-shaped cavity (211B) inside the wire guiding mechanism (211) and gathered together, the gathered metal wires enter a gathering mechanism (213) arranged at the tip of the cavity (211B), and the gathered metal wires are gathered together in a shrinking manner through the gathering mechanism (213).
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