CN115415541B - Hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding stirring friction additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding stirring friction additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115415541B
CN115415541B CN202210887057.2A CN202210887057A CN115415541B CN 115415541 B CN115415541 B CN 115415541B CN 202210887057 A CN202210887057 A CN 202210887057A CN 115415541 B CN115415541 B CN 115415541B
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friction stir
metal matrix
stirring head
wire
additive manufacturing
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CN115415541A (en
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常辉
任志豪
陈小龙
冯亮
戴国庆
郭艳华
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Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing Tech University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0057—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on B4C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0068—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only nitrides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material by friction stir material addition based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding, which adopts a friction stir material addition manufacturing process, combines the synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding of a stirring head, ensures that a metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining through the friction stir process, is uniformly mixed with reinforced phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, and is subjected to deposition on the surface of a region to be added through the friction stir effect, and the material is added through repeated friction stir deposition. The composite material obtained by the method has uniform reinforced phase distribution, ultra-fine, densified and homogenized surface layer structure of the material, and excellent mechanical properties.

Description

Hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding stirring friction additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material manufacturing by additive materials, in particular to a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The traditional magnesium-based and aluminum-based composite material processing mode often adopts a powder metallurgy method. Powder metallurgy refers to a method for preparing a composite material by taking a metal matrix and other reinforcing phase powder as raw materials through a series of processes such as mixing, pressurizing, forming, sintering and the like. However, the strength and toughness of the powder metallurgy product are poorer than those of corresponding casting forgings, and large-sized components are difficult to manufacture.
The preparation of the large composite member can be effectively realized by adopting the additive manufacturing method. The related metal materials are directly subjected to metal laser sintering (DMLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM), direct energy deposition (Direct Energy Deposition (DED)), and the like, but metals in the additive methods undergo a melting-solidification process, which can cause secondary defects in the metal, and the situation of uneven distribution of reinforcing phases is easy to occur in the preparation process, so that the mechanical properties of the materials are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on friction stir additive manufacturing with simultaneous wire and powder feeding, comprising the steps of:
selecting corresponding metal wires as raw materials of a metal matrix in the composite material according to requirements, selecting corresponding reinforcing phase particles as a hard phase in the composite material, loading the metal wires into a wire feeding mechanism, mixing the reinforcing phase particles, and loading the mixed reinforcing phase particles into a powder feeding mechanism;
the stirring head is arranged on the surface of a material in the area to be added, the stirring pin is inserted into the material in the area to be added under the action of preset upsetting force, the stirring head is made to rotate according to a preset program, meanwhile, metal wires and reinforcing phase particles are sent into the stirring head according to the preset program, and the mass ratio of a hard phase in a metal matrix is ensured by controlling the wire feeding speed and the powder feeding speed;
the metal wires and reinforcing phase particles fed into the stirring head are uniformly mixed in the stirring head and then synchronously fed into a region to be added, the stirring head is arranged to perform friction stir additive manufacturing according to a preset program, a deposition layer is obtained, the stirring head is reset, a previous deposition layer is pricked, the deposition of a next deposition layer is repeatedly performed, and thus, the deposition is performed layer by layer in an upward growth mode from the first layer until the last Nth layer is deposited, and a component with the grain size in a first grain size interval is obtained;
in the process of depositing the first layer to the N layer, each layer is subjected to stirring friction to ensure that the metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining, and is uniformly mixed with reinforcing phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, and the thermoplastic composite material is sequentially subjected to flowing deposition to obtain a deposition layer with uniformly dispersed reinforcing phase particles.
Preferably, the first grain size interval is 500nm-10 μm.
Preferably, the metal wire is of the aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy type.
Preferably, the diameter of the wire is 1-30mm.
Preferably, the reinforcing phase particles are B 4 C、WC、SiC、Si 3 N 4 And Al 2 O 3 One or more of the particles are mixed.
Preferably, the reinforcing phase particles are present in the metal matrix in an amount of 5-15wt.%.
Preferably, the reinforcing phase particles have a particle size of 100nm to 80 μm.
Preferably, friction stir additive manufacturing is configured to determine wire feed speed, powder feed speed, and welding parameters based on the component parameters, and to set a printing program based thereon to perform a print forming of the component.
Preferably, during friction stir additive manufacturing, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 500-3000r/min, the advancing speed is 10-1000mm/min, the upsetting force is 1-500KN, the pressing amount is 0-3mm, the wire feeding speed is 0-100mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 0-5g/min.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite produced by the method of producing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite using the friction stir additive based on simultaneous wire and powder feeding described above.
According to the technical scheme, the method for manufacturing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite material based on the friction stir additive based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding is characterized in that the friction stir additive manufacturing process is adopted, the synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding are combined on a stirring head, the metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining through the friction stir process, and is uniformly mixed with reinforced phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, deposition is carried out on the surface of a region to be added through the friction stir effect, and the friction stir deposition is repeatedly carried out to add materials, so that the melting-solidification process does not exist in the friction stir additive manufacturing process, the metallurgical defect generated in the melting-solidification process is avoided, the reinforced phase particles are uniformly distributed in a metal matrix, the toughness and the strength of the material are improved, meanwhile, particle aggregation and component segregation are avoided, the material has good isotropy, the mechanical properties in all directions can be uniformly improved, and the tissue grains are refined, and a member with excellent mechanical properties is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method of preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feed and powder feed friction stir additive manufacturing of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process schematic of the method of the present invention for producing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on simultaneous wire and powder feed friction stir additive manufacturing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a stirring head in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic microstructure of a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite prepared using the prior art.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite prepared by the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the technical content of the present invention, specific examples are set forth below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Aspects of the invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the drawings, in which are shown a number of illustrative embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in more detail below, may be implemented in any of a wide variety of ways.
Friction stir additive manufacturing is based on the principle of friction stir welding, and is realized by converting welding into stacking, softening materials by friction heat, forming components under the action of longitudinal pressure, and finally.
The invention adopts friction stir material additive manufacturing to mold the component, the heat source is from the friction between the workpiece and the stirring head, the processing temperature is generally lower than the melting point of the material, the material is not melted in the processing process, the material is in solid state, the interface reaction and the formation of harmful phases can be avoided, and the final finished product has no fusion welding defects such as hot cracks, air holes and the like, so that the density of the component is higher; meanwhile, the microstructure change of the heat affected zone of the welded joint is small due to the low processing temperature, the residual stress is low, and the quality of the additive component is higher.
The invention adopts the wire as the raw material of the metal matrix, also avoids the problems of easy explosion and the like caused by adopting powder as the raw material, improves the production safety, reduces the waste of reinforcing phase particles, effectively improves the utilization rate of the reinforcing phase particles, and has lower cost.
As shown in fig. 1, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on friction stir additive of synchronous wire feed and powder feed, comprising the steps of:
selecting corresponding metal wires as raw materials of a metal matrix in the composite material according to requirements, selecting corresponding reinforcing phase particles as a hard phase in the composite material, loading the metal wires into a wire feeding mechanism, mixing the reinforcing phase particles, and loading the mixed reinforcing phase particles into a powder feeding mechanism;
the stirring head is arranged on the surface of a material in the area to be added, the stirring pin is inserted into the material in the area to be added under the action of preset upsetting force, the stirring head is made to rotate according to a preset program, meanwhile, metal wires and reinforcing phase particles are sent into the stirring head according to the preset program, and the mass ratio of a hard phase in a metal matrix is ensured by controlling the wire feeding speed and the powder feeding speed;
the metal wires and reinforcing phase particles fed into the stirring head are uniformly mixed in the stirring head and then synchronously fed into a region to be added, the stirring head is arranged to perform friction stir additive manufacturing according to a preset program, a deposition layer is obtained, the stirring head is reset, a previous deposition layer is pricked, the deposition of a next deposition layer is repeatedly performed, and thus, the deposition is performed layer by layer in an upward growth mode from the first layer until the last Nth layer is deposited, and a component with the grain size in a first grain size interval is obtained;
in the process of depositing the first layer to the N layer, each layer is subjected to stirring friction to ensure that the metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining, and is uniformly mixed with reinforcing phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, and the thermoplastic composite material is sequentially subjected to flowing deposition to obtain a deposition layer with uniformly dispersed reinforcing phase particles.
In the following, we will further describe the procedure of the preparation method of the foregoing embodiment with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the stirring head 1 is placed on the surface of the substrate 2, corresponding metal wires and reinforcing phase particles are selected according to requirements, the reinforcing phase particles are placed in a powder mixer to be fully mixed, the uniformly mixed reinforcing phase particles 5 are added into the powder feeding mechanism 3, a powder feeding channel of the stirring head 100 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 3 through a powder feeding pipe, the metal wires 6 are placed in the wire feeding mechanism 4, and the metal wires enter the wire feeding channel of the stirring head 1.
By controlling the operation of the powder feeding mechanism 3 and the wire feeding mechanism 4, fully mixed reinforcing phase particles 5 and metal wires 6 are continuously fed into the stirring head 1, mixed through a powder feeding channel in the stirring head 1 and a wire feeding channel in a shaft shoulder, and fed to the surface of a processing area for friction stir processing.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the stirring head 1 for performing friction stir processing includes a connection portion 10, a bearing connection portion 20, a turning portion 30, and a stirring pin 40, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
As shown in fig. 4, the bearing joint 20 includes a bearing outer ring 20A, a bearing inner ring 20B, and balls 20C provided between the bearing outer ring 20A and the bearing inner ring 20B. The bearing outer ring 20A, the bearing inner ring 20B, and the balls 20C constitute a bearing structure. The bearing outer ring 20A constitutes a fixed portion, the bearing inner ring 20B constitutes a rotating portion, and the bearing inner ring 20B is rotatable relative to the bearing outer ring 20A.
One end of the connection portion 10 is provided for receiving a rotational driving force input, and the other end of the connection portion 10 extends through the bearing inner race 20B of the bearing connection portion 20 and is connected to the turning portion, wherein the connection portion 10 is provided in fixed connection with the bearing inner race 20B.
The gyration portion 30 is including vertical section 31, round platform section 32 and the shoulder section 33 that connect gradually, and the other end of connecting portion 10 is connected fixedly with the one end of vertical section 31, and the bigger bottom surface of round platform section 32 is fixed with the other end of vertical section 31, and the less bottom surface of round platform section 32 is fixed with shoulder section 33, and stirring needle 40 is fixed to be set up in the bottom position of shoulder section 33.
The circular truncated cone section 32 is formed in a circular truncated cone shape, the edge of the larger bottom surface of the circular truncated cone section is connected with the vertical section 31, and the edge of the smaller bottom surface is connected with the shaft shoulder section 33.
The shoulder section 33 and the vertical section 31 are both cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the shoulder section 33 is smaller than the outer diameter of the vertical section 31.
The bearing connecting part 20, the vertical section 31 and the round platform section 32 are provided with a through annular channel 1-1 along the circumferential direction, the center of the shaft shoulder section 33 is provided with a through first channel 1-2, one end of the annular channel in the bearing connecting part 20 is connected with the powder feeding mechanism 3 through a powder feeding pipe, and the other end of the annular channel in the round platform section 32 is communicated with the first channel 1-2.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, by the action of the bearing connecting portion 20, the joint portion 10 is fixedly connected with the bearing inner race 20B so that it is supported and smoothly realizes high-speed rotation when the connecting portion 10 is driven, while the bearing outer race 20B remains stationary when the connecting portion 10 is driven, thereby ensuring smooth powder feeding from the powder feeding mechanism 3 into the annular passage 1-1 through the powder feeding pipe.
The centers of the connecting part 10, the vertical section 31 and the round table section 32 are provided with a second through passage 1-3, one end of the second through passage positioned in the connecting part 10 is connected with the wire feeding mechanism 4, and the other end of the second through passage positioned in the round table section 32 is communicated with the first through passage 1-2.
The metal wire is directly fed into the second channel 1-3 from the wire feeding mechanism 4, the reinforcing phase particles are fed into the annular channel 1-1 from the powder feeding mechanism 3 through the powder feeding pipe, the wire feeding speed and the powder feeding speed are controlled to ensure the mass ratio of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix, and then the metal wire and the reinforcing phase particles are synchronously fed into the first channel 1-2 and form a uniformly mixed thermoplastic composite material under the action of stirring friction.
A plurality of stirring pins 40 can be arranged below the shaft shoulder section 33, and the stirring pins are fixed by rotating the stirring heads to generate pressure between the substrate or the deposition layer and the stirring heads under the action of axial pressure.
The formed thermoplastic composite material flows out to a substrate or a deposition layer 7 under the action of stirring friction, the stirring head 1 rotates at high speed, the composite material is stacked layer by layer along the printing direction under the action of driving force, and finally, the component with uniform reinforced phase particle distribution and matrix structure of refined grains is obtained.
The crystal grains of the metal crystal are thinned through stirring friction treatment, the dislocation sliding process is shortened through grain thinning, when external force is applied, plastic deformation can be carried out in more crystal grains, and the plastic deformation is uniform, so that the toughness of the material is improved; meanwhile, the finer the crystal grains are, the fewer the number of dislocation which can be plugged in a single crystal grain is, the more crystal grain boundaries are, the greater the resistance to dislocation movement is, and the greater external stress is required to be applied to start the dislocation, so that the strength of the material is improved.
Meanwhile, the grain refinement shortens the dislocation slip path, so that the reinforced phase is uniformly dispersed, the material has good isotropy, and the mechanical properties in all directions can be more consistently improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the first grain size interval is 500nm-10 μm.
In a preferred embodiment, the type of the metal wire is an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the wire is 1-30mm.
It should be understood that the number of wires may be multiple, for example, one wire with a diameter of 15mm may be selected according to the requirement, or five wires with a diameter of 3mm may be selected, but the diameters of the wires include, but are not limited to, the above range, and reasonable selection needs to be made in combination with the content of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix.
And the metal wires can be twisted into a strand by external force before entering the wire feeding mechanism and then fed, or can be directly fed together.
In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing phase particles are B 4 C、WC、SiC、Si 3 N 4 And Al 2 O 3 One or more of the particles are mixed.
It should be understood that when a plurality of reinforcing phase particles are selected, the ratio between the reinforcing phases is not limited and may be selected according to practical circumstances.
In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing phase particles are present in the metal matrix in an amount of 5-15wt.%.
In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing phase particles have a particle size of 100nm to 80 μm.
In a preferred embodiment, friction stir additive manufacturing is configured to determine wire feed speed, powder feed speed, and welding parameters based on the component parameters, and to set a printing program based thereon to perform a print forming of the component.
In a preferred embodiment, during friction stir additive manufacturing, the rotation speed of the stirring head is 500-3000r/min, the advancing speed is 10-1000mm/min, the upsetting force is 1-500KN, the pressing amount is 0-3mm, the wire feeding speed is 0-100mm/min, and the powder feeding speed is 0-5g/min.
In an alternative embodiment, when preparing an aluminum-based composite material, 3 2024 aluminum alloy wires each 3mm in diameter (density 2.85g/cm 3 ) The wire feeding speed is controlled at 33mm/min, the powder feeding speed of reinforcing phase particles is controlled at 0.20g/min, and the content of reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix is 10wt.% in the obtained aluminum matrix composite material.
In another alternative embodiment, when preparing the magnesium-based composite material, 4 AZ31 magnesium filaments each having a diameter of 3mm (density 1.82g/cm 3 ) The wire feeding speed is controlled at 39mm/min, the powder feeding speed of reinforcing phase particles is controlled at 0.20g/min, and the content of reinforcing phase in the magnesium matrix is 10wt.% in the obtained magnesium-based composite material.
In other alternative embodiments, the wire feed rate and powder feed rate may be selected to be reasonable depending on the content of reinforcing phase in the metal matrix, and in particular the number and diameter of wires.
Specifically, the required content w% of the reinforcing phase in the metal matrix and the powder feeding rate V1 can be determined according to the actual situation, and the wire feeding amount m per minute can be determined according to the formula (1):
and then determining the wire feeding speed V2 according to the formula (2):
wherein V2: wire feeding speed, cm/min; n: the number of the metal wires; ρ: wire materialDensity, g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the r: radius of the metal wire material, cm; m: wire feed per minute, g.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite is also provided, and the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite is manufactured by the method for manufacturing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on friction stir additive based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding.
In the prior art, in the process of preparing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite, the condition of uneven reinforced phase distribution is easy to occur, and after the component is molded, if the component is not subjected to subsequent treatment, the grains of the structure are coarse, so that the mechanical property of the molded part is affected (as shown in fig. 5).
According to the friction stir additive manufacturing process adopted by the invention, broken metal wire reinforced phase particles are uniformly mixed to form the thermoplastic composite material in the feeding stage, and the friction stir treatment is combined, so that the reinforced phase particles are uniformly distributed in a metal matrix, the toughness and strength of the material are improved, meanwhile, particle agglomeration and component segregation are avoided, the material has good isotropy, the mechanical properties in all directions can be uniformly improved, and the structure grains of a formed part are thinned (as shown in figure 6), so that the mechanical properties of the obtained component are improved.
For a better understanding, the present invention will be further described with reference to several specific examples, but the processing technique is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
In examples 1 and 2, the stirring head material used was tool steel, the diameter of the shoulder was 15mm, the length of the stirring pin was 4mm, the diameter of the annular channel was 4mm, the diameter of the first channel was 6mm, and the diameter of the second channel was 8mm.
Example 1
Preparation of aluminum-based composite materials
The wires are made of 2024 aluminum alloy, the diameter is about 3mm, the number of the wires is 3, and the 3 wires are twisted into a strand of aluminum wires with the diameter smaller than 8 mm; the reinforcing phase was nano-sized SiC, the particle size was 100nm, and the printing member was a test plate of 100mm×100mm×8mm in size. The specific compositions of the aluminum alloys are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Cu Mn Al Cr Si Mg Zn
3.8-4.9 0.30-1.0 Allowance of 0.10 0.50 1.2-1.8 0.25
Step 1: the preparation substrate material is an as-cast 2024 aluminum alloy plate, the substrate size is 120mm multiplied by 10mm, 2000# sand paper is adopted for polishing to remove surface impurities and oxides, alcohol is used for wiping the surface after polishing is finished, and a clamp is used for fixing the substrate on a workbench after cleaning.
Step 2: adding SiC reinforced phase particles into a powder feeder, and placing aluminum wires into the wire feeder for standby.
Step 3: the stirring head is respectively connected with the wire feeder and the powder feeder, the rotation speed of the stirring head is set to be 300rpm, the upsetting force is set to be 200KN, the advancing speed is set to be 100mm/min, the stirring needle and the base plate form an angle of 90 degrees, and the pressing-in amount is set to be 1.5mm.
Step 4: and (3) preheating the substrate at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 3 minutes, then starting the friction stir welding machine, starting synchronous rotation of the stirring head according to the parameters set in the step (3), and penetrating the stirring needle into the as-cast 2024 aluminum alloy plate under the high-speed rotation state.
Simultaneously starting a wire feeder and a powder feeder, wherein the wire feeding speed is 33mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.20g/min, a stirring head walks in a serpentine path according to the parameters to stir and rub, the heat-plasticized wire and reinforcing phase particles are uniformly mixed and spread outwards for deposition, and a layer of composite metal material deposition layer of 2mm is printed on the surface of a substrate through stirring and rubbing.
Step 5: resetting the stirring pin, penetrating the stirring pin into the deposition layer again under the high-speed rotation state, starting the deposition of a new deposition layer according to the same parameters, and repeating and printing layer by layer until the aluminum alloy composite material component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm is printed.
Step 6: and after printing, opening the cabin door to take out when the molded part is completely cooled (3-4 h), and separating the substrate and the component by adopting a linear cutting method.
Example 2
Preparation of magnesium-based composite material
The wires are AZ31 magnesium wires with the diameter of about 3mm and the number of the wires is 4, and the 4 wires are firstly twisted into a strand of magnesium wires with the diameter of less than 8 mm; reinforcing phase 20% B 4 C、20％WC、20％SiC、20％Si 3 N 4 20% Al 2 O 3 The print member was a test plate of dimensions 100mm by 8mm with a particle size of 300 nm. The specific components of the magnesium alloy are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Mg Al Mn Si Cu Ni Fe Ca Zn
Allowance of 2.5-3.5 0.2-1.0 0.08 0.01 0.001 0.003 0.04 0.6-1.4
Step 1: the preparation matrix material is an as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy plate, the size of the base plate is 120mm multiplied by 10mm, 2000# sand paper is adopted for polishing to remove surface impurities and oxides, alcohol is used for wiping the surface after polishing is finished, and a clamp is used for fixing the base plate on a workbench after cleaning.
Step 2: adding SiC reinforced phase particles into a powder feeder, and placing magnesium wires into the wire feeder for standby.
Step 3: the stirring head is respectively connected with the wire feeder and the powder feeder, the rotation speed of the stirring head is set to be 300rpm, the upsetting force is set to be 300KN, the advancing speed is set to be 70mm/min, the stirring needle and the base plate form an angle of 90 degrees, and the pressing-in amount is set to be 1.5mm.
Step 4: and (3) preheating the substrate at 400 ℃ for 3 minutes, then starting a friction stir welding machine, starting synchronous rotation of a stirring head according to the parameters set in the step (3), and firstly, penetrating the as-cast AZ31 magnesium alloy plate under the high-speed rotation state of a stirring pin.
Simultaneously starting a wire feeder and a powder feeder, wherein the wire feeding speed is 39mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 0.20g/min, a stirring head walks in a serpentine path according to the parameters to stir and rub, the heat-plasticized wire and reinforcing phase particles are uniformly mixed and spread outwards for deposition, and a layer of composite metal material deposition layer of 2mm is printed on the surface of a substrate through stirring and rubbing.
Step 5: resetting the stirring pin, penetrating the stirring pin into the deposition layer again under the high-speed rotation state, starting the deposition of a new deposition layer according to the same parameters, and repeating and printing layer by layer until the aluminum alloy composite material component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm is printed.
Step 6: and after printing, opening the cabin door to take out when the molded part is completely cooled (3-4 h), and separating the substrate and the component by adopting a linear cutting method.
Comparative example 1
Preparation of aluminum-based composite material by synchronous powder feeding laser additive process
Step 1: the 2024 aluminum alloy powder (the compositions are shown in table 1) to be processed is subjected to laser melting deposition molding by using a synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer.
Step 2: the 2024 aluminum alloy powder with the diameter of 100-150 mu m is selected and put into a first powder feeder, and the powder feeding speed is set to be 5g/min. SiC particles with the particle size of 100nm are selected and put into a powder feeder II, the powder feeding speed is set to be 0.5g/min, the laser power of the synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer is 1200W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the layer thickness is 2mm.
Step 3: opening the cabin door, putting 2024 aluminum alloy substrate with the size of 120mm multiplied by 10mm into the cabin door, closing the cabin door, preheating for 3 minutes at the temperature of 100 ℃, starting the powder feeder 1 and the powder feeder 2 simultaneously after the vacuum in the cabin is pumped, synchronously feeding powder, starting to print on the substrate layer by layer according to the program set in the step 2 in a serpentine path, manufacturing a component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm, opening the cabin door after cooling to the room temperature, taking out the component, and separating the substrate and the component by a linear cutting method.
Comparative example 2
Preparation of magnesium-based composite material by synchronous powder feeding laser additive process
Step 1: and (3) performing laser melting deposition molding on AZ31 magnesium alloy powder (the components are shown in table 2) to be processed by using a synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer.
Step 2: AZ31 magnesium alloy powder with the diameter of 100-150 mu m is selected and put into a first powder feeder, and the powder feeding speed is set to be 10g/min. Reinforcing phase particles (20% B) having a particle size of 300nm were selected 4 C、20％WC、20％SiC、20％Si 3 N 4 20% Al 2 O 3 The mixture) is placed into a powder feeder II, the powder feeding speed is set to be 1g/min, the laser power of a synchronous powder feeding laser additive printer is 1600W, the scanning speed is 1500mm/s, the spot diameter is 3mm, and the layer thickness is 2mm.
Step 3: opening the cabin door, putting an AZ31 magnesium alloy substrate with the size of 120mm multiplied by 10mm into the cabin door, closing the cabin door, preheating for 3 minutes at the temperature of 100 ℃, starting the powder feeder 1 and the powder feeder 2 simultaneously after the vacuum in the cabin is pumped, synchronously feeding powder, starting to print on the substrate layer by layer according to the program set in the step 2 in a serpentine path, manufacturing a component with the size of 100mm multiplied by 8mm, opening the cabin door after cooling to the room temperature, taking out the component, and separating the substrate and the component by a linear cutting method.
The composites prepared in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to surface hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, and densification, and the test results are shown in table 3.
From the test results, it can be seen that the aluminum-based magnesium-based composite material (examples 1-2) prepared by the method of the present invention, which showed hardness, deformation resistance (in terms of yield strength) and tensile properties (in terms of tensile strength) superior to those of the conventional aluminum-based magnesium-based composite material, was improved in uniformity of structure due to the sufficient mixing of the materials by the simultaneous feeding of the powder and the wire (comparative examples 1-2).
Meanwhile, in the preparation treatment process of the mixed reinforced phase magnesium-based composite material, the defects (density embodiment) such as air holes, thermal cracks and the like existing in the aluminum-based and magnesium-based composite material are reduced due to friction stir treatment.
While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The method for preparing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting corresponding metal wires as raw materials of a metal matrix in the composite material according to requirements, selecting corresponding reinforcing phase particles as a hard phase in the composite material, loading the metal wires into a wire feeding mechanism, mixing the reinforcing phase particles, and loading the mixed reinforcing phase particles into a powder feeding mechanism;
the stirring head is arranged on the surface of a material in the area to be added, the stirring pin is inserted into the material in the area to be added under the action of preset upsetting force, the stirring head is made to rotate according to a preset program, meanwhile, metal wires and reinforcing phase particles are sent into the stirring head according to the preset program, and the mass ratio of a hard phase in a metal matrix is ensured by controlling the wire feeding speed and the powder feeding speed;
an annular powder feeding channel along the circumferential direction is arranged in the vertical direction of the stirring head, a vertical wire feeding channel is arranged in the center of the stirring head along the vertical direction, reinforcing phase particles are fed to the lower position of the stirring head in a coaxial annular powder feeding mode, metal wires are fed to the lower position of the stirring head in a coaxial wire feeding mode, the metal wires fed to the stirring head and the reinforcing phase particles are uniformly mixed in the stirring head and then synchronously fed to a region to be added, the stirring head is arranged to stir and rub through a stirring needle arranged at the lower end of the stirring head according to a preset program, a deposited layer is obtained, the stirring head is reset and is pricked into a previous deposited layer, and the deposition of the next deposited layer is repeated, so that the next layer is deposited layer by layer in an upward growth mode from the first layer until the last layer of N layer is deposited, and a component with the grain size of 500nm-10 mu m is obtained;
in the process of depositing the first layer to the N layer, each layer is subjected to stirring friction to ensure that the metal wire material is subjected to high-temperature strong plastic deformation, tissue breaking and refining, and is uniformly mixed with reinforcing phase particles to form a thermoplastic composite material, and the thermoplastic composite material is sequentially subjected to flowing deposition to obtain a deposition layer with uniformly dispersed reinforcing phase particles.
2. The method for preparing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the type of the metal wire is aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy.
3. The method for preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the metal wire is 1-30mm.
4. The method for preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing phase particles are B 4 C、WC、SiC、Si 3 N 4 And Al 2 O 3 One of the particlesOne or more of them.
5. The method for producing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on simultaneous wire and powder feed friction stir additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the content of reinforcing phase particles in the metal matrix is 5-15wt.%.
6. The method for preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the reinforced phase particles is 100nm-80 μm.
7. The method of preparing a hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on simultaneous wire feed and powder feed friction stir additive manufacturing of claim 1, wherein the friction stir additive manufacturing is configured to determine wire feed speed, powder feed speed, and welding parameters based on component parameters, and to set a printing program based thereon to perform a printing of the component.
8. The method for preparing the hard phase reinforced metal matrix composite based on synchronous wire feeding and powder feeding friction stir additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of a stirring head is 500-3000r/min, the advancing speed is 10-1000mm/min, the upsetting force is 1-500KN, the pressing amount is 0-3mm, the wire feeding speed is 0-100mm/min and the powder feeding speed is 0-5g/min during friction stir additive manufacturing.
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