CN117858697A - Ppar激动剂和甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合及其用途 - Google Patents
Ppar激动剂和甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117858697A CN117858697A CN202280057710.0A CN202280057710A CN117858697A CN 117858697 A CN117858697 A CN 117858697A CN 202280057710 A CN202280057710 A CN 202280057710A CN 117858697 A CN117858697 A CN 117858697A
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- sterol absorption
- absorption inhibitor
- ppar agonist
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- pioglitazone
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Abstract
本发明涉及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)激动剂与甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合,以及这些组合用于治疗和/或预防非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和/或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和其他相关病症的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)激动剂与甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合,以及这些组合用于治疗和/或预防非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和/或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和其他相关病症的用途。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)是慢性肝病的主要原因,与全球范围内的显著发病率和死亡率相关,全球患病率为25%。在西方国家和采用西方饮食的非西方国家,NAFLD的发病率很高。NAFLD通常与代谢综合征、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的组分相关,这表明存在共同的机制基础。
NAFLD被定义为很少饮酒或不饮酒的人肝脏中过量甘油三酯液滴的积累(组织学检测到的>5%肝细胞具有液滴,或者通过磁共振成像[MRI]检测到>5%的质子密度脂肪分数)。NASH(非酒精性脂肪性肝炎)是NAFLD的一个子集,其特征是肝细胞损伤和死亡、炎症和不同程度的纤维化的活检证据。这种疾病的持续恶化可能最终导致不可逆的肝损伤,包括纤维化、肝硬化和肝细胞癌。
无法代谢处理游离脂肪酸超载(代谢不灵活)构成NAFLD发病机制的核心节点,导致脂毒性、线粒体功能障碍和细胞应激,从而导致炎症、细胞凋亡和纤维形成。这些反应可导致非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的组织学表型,伴有不同程度的纤维化,其可进展为肝硬化。目前,这种疾病还没有确定的治疗方法。
Mol Metab.2020 Jul 13;101049公开了胰岛素敏化剂(例如吡格列酮)和肝脏保护剂(例如维生素E)已显示出对NASH组织学特征的益处,并且是当前临床指南中唯一推荐的药物。
WO 2017/162211公开了一种用于治疗NAFLD、糖尿病或心血管疾病,以及预防和/或治疗肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝癌等的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包含两种组分。第一组分包含法尼醇X受体激动剂,其选自胆酸(CA)、石胆酸(LCA)、奥贝胆酸(OCA)、鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA)、熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)、脱氧胆酸(DCA),至少一种GW4064、WAY-362450、PX-102和PX20350。包含NPC1L1受体抑制剂的第二组分是胆固醇吸收抑制剂化合物,例如依折麦布。
IN 236792公开了包含PPAR激动剂和甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合物,其中所述PPAR激动剂选自吉非罗齐、安妥明和/或非诺贝特;所述甾醇吸收抑制剂选自洛伐他汀、普伐他汀和/或西伐他汀等他汀类药物,用于治疗血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖症等。
尽管NASH在全世界范围内造成了巨大的疾病负担,但目前尚无批准的药物治疗方法,尽管多种候选药物正在临床开发中。目前的干预措施主要集中在改变生活方式——健康的饮食习惯、减肥和增加体力活动——以帮助控制患者的代谢综合征。
肥胖和代谢功能障碍(例如胰岛素抵抗或血脂异常)是导致肝细胞中甘油三酯过度积累的最著名机制。众所周知,肥胖、2型糖尿病(T2DM)和血脂异常是与NAFLD发生和进展相关的最常见代谢危险因素。BMI更高的患者患NAFLD和NASH的风险高出4.1至14倍。此外,男性的这一比例高出约50%,糖尿病患者的比例则翻了一倍。根据这些数据,最近一项针对3202人的研究报告称,较高的BMI(超重/肥胖)是脂肪肝疾病的一个独立的、剂量依赖性的危险因素。
临床医生提出的NASH治疗的一个重要方法是使用联合疗法,该疗法可以作用于肝外器官,例如脂肪组织和肠道。NASH的发病机制受到胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常和炎症通路等因素的影响。联合药物对抗这些疾病机制将是治疗NASH的有效方法。
NAFLD已成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题,且没有获得许可的治疗药物。当前管理的基石是通过饮食和生活方式干预来实现减肥,同时优化糖尿病和血脂异常等代谢危险因素。然而,这些目标之所以难以实现,主要是因为执行力不强。因此,在某些情况下,可以考虑超说明书使用已证实对NASH组织学特征有影响的药物。
因此,本发明的发明人经过研究发现,甾醇吸收抑制剂与PPAR激动剂的组合可显著增强PPAR激动剂改善非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和/或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的效果。实验发现PPAR激动剂和甾醇吸收抑制剂具有协同作用。特别地,吡格列酮和依折麦布的组合在治疗NAFLD和/或NASH中显示出意想不到的结果。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明的另一个目的是提供包含有效量的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)激动剂和有效量的甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合。
本发明的一个目的是提供用于治疗或预防非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和/或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的药物组合。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于治疗或预防NAFLD和/或NASH的药物组合,其中所述组合包含有效量的PPAR激动剂和有效量的甾醇吸收抑制剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供通过同时/并行或交替/顺序施用治疗有效量的PPAR激动剂和治疗有效量的甾醇吸收抑制剂来治疗或预防NAFLD和/或NASH的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于治疗或预防NAFLD和/或NASH及其它相关病症的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包含有效量的PPAR激动剂、有效量的甾醇吸收抑制剂和任选的药学上可接受的赋形剂。
发明概述
本发明涉及过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)激动剂与甾醇吸收抑制剂的药物组合,以及这些组合用于治疗和/或预防非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和/或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和其他相关病症的用途。
因此,本发明的主要方面是提供药物组合,其包含:
a)至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物。
根据另一方面,本发明提供了上述药物组合在制备用于预防和/或治疗NAFLD和/或NASH以及包括糖尿病或心血管疾病的其他相关病症的药物中的用途。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供了通过施用以下物质来预防和/或治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的方法:
a)治疗有效量的至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)治疗有效量的至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物。
根据另一方面,本发明提供了通过施用以下物质来预防和/或治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的方法:
a)治疗有效量的至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)治疗有效量的至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;
其中,所述PPAR激动剂以每天约5-80mg的量施用并且所述甾醇吸收抑制剂以每天约2-20mg的量施用。
根据另一方面,本发明提供了通过同时/并行或交替/顺序施用治疗有效量的PPAR激动剂和治疗有效量的甾醇吸收抑制剂来治疗或预防NAFLD和/或NASH的方法。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH及其他相关病症的包含固定剂量的吡格列酮和依折麦布的药物组合,其中吡格列酮的量为约5-80mg,并且依折麦布的量为约2-20mg。
根据另一方面,本发明涉及药物组合物,其包含吡格列酮、依折麦布和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及药物组合物,其包含:
(a)至少一种(一种或多种)PPAR激动剂,例如但不限于,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ,包括胰岛素增敏剂或噻唑烷二酮化合物;或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或所述至少一种过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体激动剂的前药或其盐或溶剂化物;
(b)一种或多种取代的氮杂环丁酮甾醇吸收抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或者所述至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂的前药或其盐或溶剂化物;和
(c)药学上可接受的赋形剂。
根据另一个方面,本发明涉及用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH及其他相关病症的包含固定剂量的吡格列酮和依折麦布的药物组合物,其中吡格列酮的量为约5-80mg,依折麦布的量为约2-20mg。
附图说明
图1A和1B:吡格列酮和依折麦布的组合对链脲佐菌素和高脂饮食诱导的NASH小鼠模型的肝甘油三酯(A)和血浆甘油三酯(B)的影响。
图2A和2B:从H&E染色模型观察到,与疾病对照相比,联合组中NAFLD活性评分呈剂量依赖性改善。
具体实施方式
术语“治疗有效量”是指组合物的治疗剂(例如过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)激动剂、甾醇吸收抑制剂和下文描述的其他药理学或治疗剂)的量,其将引起组织、系统、动物或哺乳动物的生物或医学反应,这种反应是管理者(例如研究人员、医生或兽医)正在寻求的,包括减轻正在治疗和预防的病症或疾病的症状,减缓或停止一种或多种病症的进展,例如非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和/或非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)和其他相关病症,例如血管病症,如高脂血症(例如动脉粥样硬化、高胆固醇血症或谷固醇血症)、血管炎症、中风、糖尿病、肥胖和/或降低血浆中甾醇(例如胆固醇)的水平。
本文所用的“药物组合”是指施用两种或更多种治疗剂,例如PPAR激动剂和甾醇吸收抑制剂,以预防或治疗病症,例如NAFLD和/或NASH和其他相关病症,如血管病症,如高脂血症(例如动脉粥样硬化、高胆固醇血症或谷固醇血症)、血管炎症、中风、糖尿病、肥胖症和/或降低血浆中甾醇(例如胆固醇)水平。如本文所用,“血管”包括心血管、脑血管及其组合。
本发明的药物组合和治疗可以通过任何合适的方式施用,所述方式使这些化合物与体内的作用位点(例如在哺乳动物或人的血浆、肝脏或小肠中)接触。此类施用包括以基本上同时的方式共同施用这些治疗剂,例如以具有固定比例的活性成分的单一片剂或胶囊或对于每种治疗剂以多个、单独的胶囊或剂型共同施用。此外,这种施用包括以顺序方式使用每种类型的治疗剂。在任一情况下,使用本发明的药物组合的治疗将提供治疗病症的有益效果。本文公开的药物组合的潜在优点可以是减少有效治疗病症的单独治疗化合物的所需量或治疗化合物的总量。通过使用治疗剂的组合,与单一疗法相比,可以减少单个化合物的副作用。可以施用本发明的药物组合和治疗,其中以特定方式共同施用这些治疗剂在治疗NAFLD和/或NASH中提供协同效应。
根据本发明实施方式的药物组合包括:选自PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物中的至少一种;和选自甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物中的至少一种。
根据本发明的另一个实施方式,本发明提供了上述药物组合在制备用于预防和/或治疗NAFLD和/或NASH及其他相关疾病的药物中的用途。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了通过同时/并行或交替/顺序施用治疗有效量的PPAR激动剂和治疗有效量的甾醇吸收抑制剂来治疗或预防NAFLD和/或NASH的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了药物组合,其包含:
a)至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物,其中所述PPAR激动剂以约5-80mg的量存在;和
b)至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物,其中所述甾醇吸收抑制剂以约2-20mg的量存在。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了通过施用以下物质来预防和/或治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的方法:
a)治疗有效量的至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)治疗有效量的至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、立体异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物;
其中,所述PPAR激动剂以每天约5-80mg的量施用并且所述甾醇吸收抑制剂以每天约2-20mg的量施用。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了通过施用治疗有效量的至少一种PPAR激动剂和治疗有效量的至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂任选地与药学上可接受的赋形剂一起来预防和/或治疗患有糖尿病、心血管疾病和其他相关病症的患者中的NASH的方法。
本发明的药物组合可以以单次剂量或以适当的时间间隔施用的分次剂量来给药,例如,每位患者每天服用2、3、4或更多分剂量,无论是否与食物同服。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明还提供了一种用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH和其他相关病症的药物组合物,其包含至少一种PPAR激动剂和至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂以及任选的一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。两种药物可以以单一剂型或各自以分开的剂型施用,或者它们可以通过不同途径施用。
本发明的药物组合和/或组合物包含至少一种(一种或多种)过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)的激动剂。这些受体充当过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体的激动剂。已鉴定出PPAR的三种亚型,分别称为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体δ(PPARδ)。应该指出的是,PPARδ在文献中也被称为并且这些名称中的每一个都指相同的受体。
PPARα调节脂质代谢。PPARα被贝特类和许多中链和长链脂肪酸激活,并参与刺激脂肪酸的p-氧化。PPARγ受体亚型参与激活脂肪细胞分化程序,但不参与刺激肝脏中过氧化物酶体增殖。PPAR已被确定可用于提高人类高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。
在另一个实施方式中,PPAR激动剂被鉴定为三种亚型,例如PPARα、PPARγ和PPARδ,其中本发明具体提供了包含PPARγ激活剂或选自格列酮或噻唑烷二酮,例如曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、环格列酮、恩格列酮、达格列酮,并且优选吡格列酮的激动剂的药物组合和/或组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明组合和/或组合物中使用的甾醇吸收抑制剂选自依折麦布、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、洛伐他汀,并且优选依折麦布。
在具体的实施方式中,本发明提供了用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH和其他相关病症的药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的吡格列酮和治疗有效量的依折麦布以及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在另一个具体的实施方式中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的吡格列酮和治疗有效量的依折麦布以及一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂,其中所述吡格列酮的量为约5-80mg,并且所述依折麦布的量为约2-20mg。
简而言之,并且如下文更详细地描述,本文描述的是组合、制备所述组合物的方法以及通过施用吡格列酮与依折麦布、特别是吡格列酮和依折麦布的固定剂量组合来治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的方法。
施用治疗有效量的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体激动剂以治疗特定病症,例如以单次剂量或分次剂量给药,日剂量可以为约0.1至约1000mg/天,优选约0.25至约100mg/天,并且更优选约5至80mg/天。然而,确切的剂量由主治临床医生确定,并且取决于诸如施用的化合物的效力、患者的年龄、体重、状况和反应等因素。
吡格列酮是一种抗糖尿病药物,可选择性刺激核受体过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPAR-γ),并在较小程度上刺激PPAR-α。它调节参与控制肌肉、脂肪组织和肝脏中葡萄糖和脂质代谢的基因的转录。结果,吡格列酮降低了肝脏和外周组织中的胰岛素抵抗,减少了肝脏中的糖异生,并减少了血液中葡萄糖和糖化血红蛋白的量。总体而言,吡格列酮的目标是胰岛素抵抗和导致肝脏脂毒性和脂肪肝炎症疾病的脂肪组织功能障碍。吡格列酮可改善脂肪变性、小叶炎症、肝细胞膨胀、纤维化和NASH消除,使其成为在多项临床试验中显示出一致益处和功效的唯一药物。
目前,治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的主要药物包括胰岛素增敏剂(双胍类药物如二甲双胍、噻唑烷二酮类化合物如罗格列酮、吡格列酮)、降脂药物(他汀类、贝特类)、利胆药物(熊去氧胆酸)、保肝药物(维生素E、水飞蓟素、乙酰半胱氨酸)和中药(何首乌、丹参、泽泻、川芎、桂皮(cassia)、山楂等)。目前,治疗NAFLD的主要药物包括胰岛素增敏剂(双胍类如二甲双胍,噻唑烷二酮类化合物如罗格列酮、吡格列酮)、降脂药(他汀类、贝特类)、利胆药(熊去氧胆酸)、保肝药(维生素E、水飞蓟素、乙酰半胱氨酸)和中药(何首乌、丹参、泽泻、川芎、桂皮(cassia)、山楂等)。
本发明的药物组合包含一种或多种取代的氮杂环丁酮作为甾醇吸收抑制剂。当以治疗有效量(甾醇吸收抑制)施用于哺乳动物或人时,本文所用的“甾醇吸收抑制剂”是指能够抑制一种或多种甾醇吸收的化合物,所述甾醇包括但不限于胆固醇、植物甾醇(例如谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和燕麦甾醇)、5α-甾烷醇(例如胆固醇、5α-菜油甾烷醇、5α-谷甾烷醇),及其混合物。
甾醇(胆固醇)吸收抑制剂包括依折麦布,在与PPAR激动剂(如吡格列酮)的联合临床研究和实验动物模型中,依折麦布已被证明可以改善NAFLD病理学。
依折麦布与吡格列酮联用可抑制小肠对胆固醇的吸收,并减少肝细胞正常可利用的胆固醇量。肝细胞中胆固醇水平较低,导致它们从循环中吸收更多胆固醇,从而降低循环胆固醇水平。它能阻断胃肠道上皮细胞和肝细胞上胆固醇吸收的关键介质Niemann-PickC1-like 1(NPC1L1)蛋白;它阻断氨肽酶并中断参与胆固醇运输的小窝蛋白1-膜联蛋白A2复合物。
在使用依折麦布和吡格列酮的临床研究中,证明该组合可显著降低NAFLD患者的血清胆固醇和胆固醇吸收标志物,并改善肝纤维化、膨胀评分。据估计,依折麦布不仅可以抑制饮食和胆汁胆固醇通过小肠的吸收,还可以抑制肝脏中胆汁胆固醇的重吸收。因此,依折麦布可能通过改善NAFLD患者胆固醇诱导的肝星状细胞活化来抑制肝纤维化。
甾醇吸收抑制剂以治疗有效量施用以治疗特定病症,例如以单次剂量或分次剂量给药,日剂量可以为约0.1至约1000mg/天,优选约0.25至约100mg/天,以及更优选约2至20mg/天。然而,确切的剂量由主治临床医生确定,并且取决于诸如施用的化合物的效力、患者的年龄、体重、状况和反应等因素。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,上述药物组合/组合物除了上述活性成分外,还包括药学上可接受的赋形剂。根据本发明的一个实施方式,药学上可接受的赋形剂选自,但不限于,药学上可接受的溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、填充剂/稀释剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、悬浮剂、包衣材料、香料、抗粘剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、遮光剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂和反絮凝剂、助滤剂、缓释剂、高分子骨架材料、成膜材料。在此,将药物组合物配制成适合于临床药物制剂施用的形式。
合适的填充剂/稀释剂包括,但不限于,淀粉、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、预胶化淀粉、干淀粉、二糖、乳糖、纤维素、纤维素衍生物,例如硅化微晶纤维素、微晶纤维素、甘露醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、海藻糖、胶体二氧化硅、蔗糖或其他糖或糖衍生物、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二钙、低取代羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和/或它们的组合。当存在时,填充剂的用量可以为制剂重量的约10%至约80%,优选约20%至约80%。
合适的粘合剂包括,但不限于,微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)(例如PVP K 30或PVP90F)、聚乙二醇(PEG)(例如PEG 4000)、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(两者都优选具有中粘度至高粘度,例如粘度等级3或6cps)、预胶化淀粉、共聚维酮、明胶、糖和/或其组合。当存在时,粘合剂的用量可以为制剂重量的约0.1%至约20%,优选约0.5%至约15%,例如1%至10%。
合适的润滑剂包括,但不限于,硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酰富马酸钠、硅酸铝或硅酸钙、硬脂酸、PEG、滑石粉和/或它们的组合。当存在时,润滑剂的用量可以为制剂重量的约0.01%至约10%,优选约0.1%至约5%。
合适的崩解剂包括,但不限于,羧甲基纤维素钙(CMC-Ca)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、交联PVP(例如交联聚维酮、聚维酮XL或kollidon CL)、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸、海藻酸钠和瓜尔胶,最优选交联PVP(交联聚维酮)、交联CMC(Ac-Di-Sol)、羧甲基淀粉-Na(pirimojel和explotab)、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、波拉克林(polacrillin)和/或其组合。崩解剂的用量为制剂重量的0.01至15%,例如0.05至12%,例如至少0.1至10%。
合适的助流剂包括,但不限于,硬脂酸锌、胶体二氧化硅(例如Aerosil200)、三硅酸镁、粉状纤维素、淀粉、滑石粉和/或其组合。当存在时,助流剂的用量可以为制剂重量的约0.01%至约10%,优选约0.1%至约5%。
表面活性剂包括,但不限于,阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性表面活性剂或本领域技术人员已知的那些。合适的表面活性剂是泊洛沙姆、聚山梨醇酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(cremophore)、soluplus、卵磷脂和十二烷基硫酸钠和/或它们的组合。
本发明的药物组合/组合物可以进一步进行薄膜包衣。薄膜包衣可以是即释或缓释包衣。缓释包衣包含至少一种或多种缓释聚合物和一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。
合适的成膜剂包括例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、天然树胶、淀粉和纤维素聚合物。纤维素聚合物的实例包括,但不限于,聚乙烯醇、羟丙基甲基纤维素(“HPMC”)、羧甲基纤维素(“CMC”)或其盐、羟丙基纤维素(“HPC”)、甲基纤维素(“MC”)、羟乙基纤维素(“HEC”)、乙基纤维素、丙烯酸酯、尤特奇等。此外,可商购的包衣材料可以以商品名销售。聚合物如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯可用作成膜剂。一方面,成膜剂的用量可以为组合物重量的1%至10%。
着色剂包括FDA批准用于口服的任何颜色。
合适的增塑剂选自柠檬酸三乙酯、癸二酸二丁酯、乙酰化三醋精、柠檬酸三丁酯、三丁酸甘油酯、单甘油酯、橄榄油、芝麻油、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、甘油、山梨醇、草酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、苹果酸二乙酯、富马酸二乙酯、琥珀酸二丁酯和/或它们的组合。
合适的遮光剂选自二氧化钛、二氧化锰、氧化铁、二氧化硅和/或它们的组合。
根据本发明的具体实施方式,上述药物组合/组合物可以是任何适合口服给药的剂型。当口服给药时,使用药物组合/组合物作为活性成分的本发明的药物剂型包括但不限于片剂、舌下片、泡腾片、包衣片、糖衣片、分散片、肠溶片、颗粒剂、明胶胶囊、软明胶胶囊、肠溶胶囊、缓释胶囊、控释胶囊、口服液,优选片剂或胶囊。
因此,在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了药物组合物,其包含:
(a)至少一种选自曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、环格列酮、恩格列酮、达格列酮的PPAR激动剂;
(b)至少一种选自依折麦布、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、洛伐他汀的甾醇吸收抑制剂;和
(c)一种或多种选自粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂和稀释剂的药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及药物组合或组合物、试剂盒以及使用其的治疗方法,包括:
(a)至少一种(一种或多种)PPAR激动剂,例如但不限于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ,包括胰岛素增敏剂或噻唑烷二酮化合物;或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或所述至少一种过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体激动剂的前药或其盐或溶剂化物;
(b)一种或多种取代的氮杂环丁酮甾醇吸收抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或者所述至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂的前药或其盐或溶剂化物;和
(c)药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在另一个实施方式中,取决于待治疗的病症,本发明的药物组合可以单独施用或与其他治疗组合同时或顺序施用。
根据具体的实施方式,本发明涉及用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH和其他相关病症的包含固定剂量的吡格列酮和依折麦布的组合。
根据另一个具体的实施方式,本发明涉及吡格列酮和依折麦布的药物组合,其中所述组合还包含药学上可接受的赋形剂。
根据另一个具体的实施方式,本发明提供了包含吡格列酮和依折麦布的药物组合,其中吡格列酮和依折麦布存在于单一剂型或分开的剂型中。
根据另一个具体的实施方式,本发明提供了包含吡格列酮和依折麦布的药物组合物,其中吡格列酮和依折麦布存在于单一剂型或分开的剂型。
在其他实施方式中,本发明涉及用于方便且有效地实施根据本发明的方法的试剂盒。一般而言,药物包装或试剂盒包含一个或多个装有本发明药物组合物/组合的一种或多种成分的容器。此类试剂盒特别适合递送固体口服形式,例如片剂或胶囊。这样的试剂盒优选地包括多个单位剂量,并且还可以包括具有按照其预期用途顺序定向的剂量的卡片。如果需要,可以提供记忆辅助,例如以数字、字母或其他标记的形式或者用日历插入物,指定治疗方案中可以施用剂量的日期。或者,可以包括与药物组合物的剂量相似或不同的形式的安慰剂剂量或钙膳食补充剂,以提供每天服用一定剂量的试剂盒。任选地,与这样的容器相关联的可以是监管医药产品的制造、使用或销售的政府机构规定的形式的通知,该通知反映了得到用于人类施用的制造、使用或销售的机构的批准。
在某些实施方式中,以单独的或多剂量形式、优选以试剂盒存在的本发明的药物组合可用于联合治疗以灵活地适合患者的个体治疗需要。
因此,在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包含药物组合的试剂盒,所述药物组合包含两种组分,其中所述组分包括:
a)第一组分,其包含至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)第二组分,其包含至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物。
实施例
评估吡格列酮和依折麦布组合在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)小鼠模型中的效果。
实验设计:
使用周龄2天的雄性新生C57BL/6小鼠进行研究。在此期间,每天观察小鼠的临床症状。在研究的第一天,每只新生小鼠皮下注射链脲佐菌素200μg/只。从研究的第4周起,向所有研究动物提供含60kcal%脂肪的啮齿动物饮食(货号D12492,ResearchDietsInc.),G1未处理对照(提供标准正常颗粒饮食)除外。在第六周,根据体重和血糖水平将动物随机分配到不同的治疗组。G1,未经治疗,G2,用溶媒进行疾病控制,G3(吡格列酮,15mg/kg,口服,每天一次,和依折麦布,10mg/kg,口服,每天一次),G4(吡格列酮,15mg/kg,口服,每天一次,和依折麦布,5mg/kg,口服,每天一次),G5(吡格列酮,10mg/kg,口服,每天一次,和依折麦布,10mg/kg,口服,每天一次),G6(吡格列酮,10mg/kg,口服,每天一次,和依折麦布,5mg/kg,口服,每天一次)和G7用盐酸吡格列酮(30mg/kg,口服,每天一次)治疗。
溶媒、测试化合物和盐酸吡格列酮的治疗持续6周,即长达12周的研究。在研究期间,每周两次记录动物的体重。
实施例1:血浆和肝甘油三酯水平
实验:在研究结束时(第12周),在异氟醚麻醉下眼眶后采血。分离并收集血浆用于评估血浆甘油三酯水平。所有动物均通过二氧化碳窒息而被人道处死。还收集肝脏并称重。进一步处理肝脏样本以评估肝脏胆固醇和甘油三酯水平。使用适当的测定试剂盒评估血浆和肝脏胆固醇。所有测定均在全自动生化分析仪上进行。数据表示为平均值±SEM(n=8)。使用GraphPadPrism-5进行统计分析,使用单向方差分析,然后进行Dunnett检验/Tukey事后检验,以及双向方差分析,然后进行Bonferroni事后检验。如果P值小于0.05,则认为数据具有统计显著性。
结果:
分析不同剂量的吡格列酮和依折麦布组合在NASH小鼠模型中的效果。对所有组的食物和水摄入量均没有影响。评估吡格列酮15和10mg/kg与依折麦布10mg/kg和5mg/kg剂量组合的功效。认为吡格列酮,30mg/kg是比较分子。在用吡格列酮和依折麦布治疗的动物中观察到血浆和肝脏甘油三酯水平的剂量依赖性降低。与疾病控制相比,吡格列酮(10mg/kg)和依折麦布(5或10mg/kg)的组合显著降低了血浆和肝脏甘油三酯,并且降低程度与吡格列酮30mg/kg相当(图1A和1B)。
此外,还观察到,与疾病控制相比,吡格列酮(15mg/kg)和依折麦布(5或10mg/kg)的组合显著降低了血浆和肝甘油三酯,并且降低程度与吡格列酮30mg/kg相当。
实施例2:组织学分析
实验:第12周研究结束时,收集肝脏并称重。进一步对肝脏进行组织病理学评分(H&E染色)和Ascrosft评分(MT染色)。所有动物均通过二氧化碳窒息而被人道处死。
使用MT(马森三色)染色进行Ashcroft评分,使用苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色进行炎症和纤维化标记,对肝脏样本进行组织学检查。简而言之,将所有实验组的肝脏在10%缓冲的中性福尔马林中在室温下固定一周。然后将组织在分级酒精中脱水,在二甲苯中清洗,然后包埋在石蜡中。使用旋转切片机从每个组织包埋的石蜡块制备4毫米厚的连续切片,并在通过MT&苏木精和伊红程序染色后使用光学显微镜进行组织学检查。由病理学家对样品进行盲法组织病理学评估。所有数据均以平均值±SEM表示。每个参数的数据将以表格形式汇总。将使用适当的方法来完成适当的图形表示。统计分析将使用GraphPad Prism-5进行,使用单向方差分析,然后进行Dunnett检验/Tukey事后检验和/或双向方差分析,然后进行Bonferroni事后检验。如果P值小于0.05,则认为数据具有统计显著性。
结果:
通过苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色以及马森三色染色对肝脏进行组织学分析,表明与未处理的对照肝脏相比,在疾病控制方面具有显著的疾病诱导作用。从H&E染色观察到,与疾病对照相比,联合组中NAFLD活性评分出现剂量依赖性改善(G5和G6)(图2A)。同样,通过肝脏切片的马森三色染色(一种识别胶原蛋白积累的方法)进行的组织病理学分析也显示,与疾病对照相比,联合组动物出现剂量依赖性改善(G5和G6)(图2B)。总体而言,吡格列酮和依折麦布的组合观察到NAS评分的剂量依赖性改善。与疾病对照相比,组合显示NAS评分显著改善,并且该改善与单独使用吡格列酮治疗的组相当。
我们的研究结果表明,吡格列酮和依折麦布的联合治疗改善了血浆肝脏标志物和血浆甘油三酯。在链脲佐菌素和高脂肪饮食诱导的NASH小鼠模型中,联合治疗在NAS和纤维化评分方面显示出与吡格列酮相同或更优的疗效。
实施例3:依折麦布和吡格列酮的组合物
成分 | 量%w/w |
依折麦布 | 1-30 |
吡格列酮 | 1-30 |
乳糖一水合物 | 1-95 |
羟丙基纤维素 | 1-35 |
胶体二氧化硅 | 0.1-20 |
硬脂酸镁 | 0.01-10 |
薄膜涂层 | 0.1-10 |
制备:
将依折麦布、吡格列酮、乳糖一水合物、羟丙基纤维素、胶体二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁混合在一起,冲压或填充成片剂,然后进行薄膜包衣。
实施例4:依折麦布和吡格列酮的单层片剂
成分 | 量(mg/片) |
依折麦布 | 10.00 |
吡格列酮 | 15.00 |
乳糖一水合物 | 45.50 |
羟丙基纤维素 | 6.50 |
胶体二氧化硅 | 3.50 |
硬脂酸镁 | 2.50 |
薄膜涂层 | 片重量的1-10% |
制备:
将依折麦布、吡格列酮、乳糖一水合物、羟丙基纤维素、胶体二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁混合在一起并冲制成片剂,然后进行薄膜包衣。
实施例5:依折麦布和吡格列酮的双层片剂
制备:
将依折麦布、乳糖一水合物、羧甲基淀粉钠、聚维酮、胶体二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁混合在一起并冲压成依折麦布层,在其上冲压吡格列酮层,该吡格列酮层是通过混合吡格列酮、无水乳糖、微晶纤维素、交联聚维酮、二氧化硅和硬脂酸镁,然后冲入吡格列酮层来制备的。然后对双层片剂进行薄膜包衣。
Claims (20)
1.一种药物组合,包含:
a)至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合,其中,所述组合同时/并行或交替/顺序施用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合,其中,所述组合用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH以及其他相关病症。
4.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合,其中,所述PPAR激动剂选自曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、环格列酮、恩格列酮和达格列酮;并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂选自依折麦布、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀和洛伐他汀。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物组合,其中,所述PPAR激动剂是吡格列酮,并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂是依折麦布。
6.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合,其中,所述PPAR激动剂的量为5至80mg,以单次剂量或分次剂量给药,并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂的量为2至20mg,以单次剂量或分次剂量给药。
7.一种药物组合,包含:
a)至少一种选自曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、环格列酮、恩格列酮和达格列酮的PPAR激动剂,其中所述PPAR激动剂以约5至80mg的量存在;和
b)至少一种选自依折麦布、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀和洛伐他汀的甾醇吸收抑制剂,其中所述甾醇吸收抑制剂以约2至20mg的量存在。
8.一种药物组合物,包含:
(a)至少一种选自过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ的PPAR激动剂,包括胰岛素增敏剂或噻唑烷二酮化合物;或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或所述至少一种过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体激动剂的前药或其盐或溶剂化物;
(b)一种或多种取代的氮杂环丁酮甾醇吸收抑制剂,或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物,或者所述至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂的前药或其盐或溶剂化物;和
(c)药学上可接受的赋形剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其中,所述组合物包含:
(a)至少一种选自曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、环格列酮、恩格列酮、达格列酮的PPAR激动剂;
(b)至少一种选自依折麦布、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、洛伐他汀的甾醇吸收抑制剂;和
(c)一种或多种选自粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂和稀释剂的药学上可接受的赋形剂。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的药物组合物,其中,所述PPAR激动剂的量约为5至80mg,并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂的量约为2至20mg。
11.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其中,所述PPAR激动剂是吡格列酮,并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂是依折麦布。
12.根据权利要求8所述的药物组合物,其中,所述药学上可接受的赋形剂选自药学上可接受的溶剂、抛射剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、填充剂/稀释剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、悬浮剂、包衣材料、香料、抗粘剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、发泡剂、消泡剂、遮光剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂和反絮凝剂、助滤剂、缓释剂、高分子骨架材料、成膜材料及其混合物。
13.一种试剂盒,其包含两种组分的药物组合,其中所述组分包括:
a)第一组分,其包含至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)第二组分,其包含至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物。
14.根据权利要求13所述的试剂盒,其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂的治疗有效量为2mg至20mg,以单次剂量或分次剂量给药。
15.根据权利要求13所述的试剂盒,其中,所述PPAR激动剂的治疗有效量为5mg至80mg,以单次剂量或分次剂量给药。
16.一种通过施用以下物质治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的方法:
a)治疗有效量的至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)治疗有效量的至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的治疗方法,其中,所述治疗方法包括施用:
a)治疗有效量的至少一种PPAR激动剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;和
b)治疗有效量的至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂或其代谢物、异构体、多晶型物、药学上可接受的盐、酯、溶剂化物;
其中,所述PPAR激动剂以每天约5至80mg的量施用并且所述甾醇吸收抑制剂以每天约2至20mg的量施用。
18.根据权利要求17所述的治疗方法,其中,所述PPAR激动剂选自曲格列酮、吡格列酮、罗格列酮、环格列酮、恩格列酮、达格列酮,并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂选自依折麦布、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀和洛伐他汀。
19.根据权利要求18所述的治疗方法,其中,所述PPAR激动剂是吡格列酮,并且其中,所述甾醇吸收抑制剂是依折麦布。
20.包含至少一种PPAR激动剂、至少一种甾醇吸收抑制剂以及至少一种药学上可接受的赋形剂的药物组合物用于治疗NAFLD和/或NASH的用途,其中,所述PPAR激动剂的量约为5至80mg,并且所述甾醇吸收抑制剂的量约为2至20mg。
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