CN1178564A - Disposable filters and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

Disposable paper filters suitable for removal of contaminants from fluids such as water or air are disclosed. Specific embodiments include single-ply and multi-ply filters in which metal removal additives and/or halogen and organic contaminant removal additives have been distributed during the manufacturing process. Special manufacturing methods for producing such composite filters are also described.

Description

Disposable filters and manufacturing technique

The present invention is to be that on December 28th, 1993, invention people are the still unratified patent application the 08/173rd of the U.S. of " disposal type drinking water filter and manufacturing technique " for Theodore B.Rydell, denomination of invention the applying date, No. 986 part continuation application, this application are also quoted in the lump in this article with for referencial use.Background of invention

Invention field

The present invention relates to the improved disposal type filter paper that is used for decontaminating liquid and gas, particularly water and air, and relate to the method for making this paper filter.Paper filter of the present invention is specially adapted to remove dissolved impurity from drinking water, as chlorine, organic dirt and metal cation.The description of prior art

In the past, most of paper filter medium had adopted the adsorbent that separates with itself, or as independent one deck or in by paper filter medium sealed hollow.For example referring to United States Patent (USP) the 3rd, 327,859 (patentee is Pall), wherein the paper filter medium surround one by active carbon particle make adsorbent bed, they are used for removing chlorine and other impurity.Other example has United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 094,779 (patentee is Behrn-man); United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 749,481 (patentee is Wheatley); And United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 039,444 (patentee is people such as Bory).Other patent has disclosed the adsorbent layer that is positioned at above or below the filter course.For example referring to United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 800,018 (patentee is Moser); And United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 054,515 (patentee is Sawyer).Commercially available portable drinking water filter with carbon bed has just adopted combined type rigidity plastics sealer to come the thick carbon granules of splendid attire as the bottle-shape filter of the Brita company of California, USA Oakland distribution.

The patent that also has other, comprise United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 747, No. 955 (patentee is Kunin) and United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 505, No. 823 (patentee is Klein) disclosed and adopted the filter that is mixed and made into by polymer and cellulose base-material such as polyester and polyurethane.Some document suggestions add various particulate materials as much as possible in paper filter.For example referring to United States Patent (USP) the 4th, 859,340 (patentee is people such as Hou); UK Patent Application the 2nd, 145, No. 011 (patentee is Schroder); BP the 870th, No. 975 (patentee is Fram) and European application EP 0 402 661A1 (the application people is Dirk).

All there are various defectives in these schemes of prior art.Paper bag need be made and seal to the sealing problem such as the particle layers of clay or carbon of paper bag inside, and this makes its manufacturing complicated in fact.Have only coarse granule to use, because fine grained itself just bonds together and make the permeability reduction of particle layers when contacting with water, even and make filtering speed can not filter quite slowly.And, be enclosed in particle layers in the permeable filter course a small amount of fine grained will be bled in processed water or other fluid, cause muddiness and pollution.

Use the portable water filter of plastics filter core, for example all there are these shortcomings in the filter of Brita board.In fact, the seepage of subtitle substance can be polluted the initial a collection of water of kind equipment processing thus and make the water that begins to handle to go out of use.Another shortcoming of portable water filter that employing contains the plastics filter core of carbon or other adsorbent is to demonstrate when carbon is saturated by insipid impurity (as lead) institute.Therefore, after they lost efficacy, may still continue use.And this type of filter generally is immersed in the water that needs to handle constantly, may provide suitable medium for the growth of bacterium like this.

Disposal type paper filter of the present invention has overcome these shortcomings.Even adopt the particulate additive such as fibrous atlapulgite (attapulgite) or activated carbon, by the admixture of the novelty in the paper technology with improve one's methods, they can directly be added on the filter paper.Therefore, can be with very thin particle (their surface areas big and have thus the higher rate of adsorption and impurity bearing capacity), and do not have particle bond or the phenomenon of the severe contamination that causes because leak in the processed fluid.Because filter paper of the present invention can be disposal type, disposable, needn't when be impurities saturated the danger of making indication and not having impurity to leak to them.Simultaneously, filter paper of the present invention is suitable be used for the filtering cation impurity, as lead, and can only to be used for the filter of filtering anionic impurity different with some.

Paper filter paper of the present invention is biodegradable and reproducible fully.And, do not adopt the filter paper of the present invention of any wet strong auxiliary agent can pour urinal or be discarded in the garbage disposal case, and do not pollute the environment.

Be different from the existing filter as the Brita board, paper filter of the present invention is not to preserve with dampness after not using fully.They needn't be activated by water or activate, even and when not using up, dry up, can not lose any recovery effect yet. Summary of the invention

We have found that by select that make and the paper filter medium that contain some adsorbents that grind on the uniformity ground distribution paper of paper pulp work as filtering is general from water impurity, have excellent flow behavior and higher efficient during such as the chlorine of plumbous CATION and dissolving and organic substance.Our filter medium can single or multiple lift mode as a flat paper, make multiple shape be applicable to such as drinking water filter or airfiltering occasion in.The effect of multilayer is satisfactory especially, has excellent manufacturability and functional reliability with regard to the efficient of removing impurity and filtration flow-rate two aspects.

We also find not bleaching or the semibleached pulp made by the paper pulp with special fiber size, surface area and content of lignin of suitable control ratio can be processed to have high-level removal impurity, and (these impurity comprise H2S, nitrate and the nitrite as dissolving, they all have the special affinity to lignin) filter paper of ability, and need any additive such as activated carbon.When adopt sandwich construction maybe when allowing the lower saturated content of impurity this filter paper be suitable especially.

In addition, we find the processing of machine printed, wrinkle or as hereinafter described in " Micrexing  " method can be used to increase filter paper surface area manufactured according to the present invention.As a result, the fluid that is filtered is exposed to any adsorbent that is added in the filter medium more, although filter paper " impression " reduces.

In addition, our auxiliary agent of finding halogen-containing or other bactericide can be attached in the top layer of multiple filtration paper (upstream).In ensuing filter course, remove foul smell or the smell that is produced when this kind bactericide discharges in the filter process then, to produce the filtrate of not polluted by bactericide.In addition, this bactericide can directly add in the entry before filtering, and adopted filter medium of the present invention to remove their taste.

Filter medium particularly suitable of the present invention is used in filtered water once, and wherein the filter paper of being made by them can be disposed before the possibility of or bacterial growth saturated by any impurity.

We make this filter paper system paper technology to general being convenient to and have done some improvement and raising.

Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined type filter medium, is included in the paper that is combined with the granular solid matter absorption additive that grinds in itself the filter medium micropore.Have been found that this combined type filter medium will reduce to the drinking water standard that is lower than the U.S. whole nation (environment) sanitary foundation international (NSF) regulation with the chlorine and the plumbous CATION of dissolving very effectively, keep suitable water velocity simultaneously in the single use.They also have other purposes, comprise from removing dust the antifreeze of crossing or remove impurity from air, also are applicable to the adsorption layer such as bath mat and Shoe socks, but not only for aforementioned applications.Filter medium of the present invention also can be attached in protective clothing and the gas mask to help to adsorb pernicious gas, steam, bacterium and suspended particulates.

Further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined type filter medium, and it also can remove the H such as dissolving ₂S, nitrate, nitrite and comprise as Lindane ^The organic impurities of the pesticide of board, polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin and chlorophenols.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of filter medium, its particularly suitable purifying drinking water and make the water of beverage and be used for before reverse-osmosis treated water being carried out preliminary clearning in pharmacy and other manufacturing technique.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a kind of filter medium, and it is applicable to deposit, taste and smell pollutant on the drinking water standard 42-1988 that removes the organic impurities on the drinking water standard NSF53-1992 that is listed in the U.S. whole nation (ring mirror health) foundation regulation and be listed in the ANSI/U.S. whole nation (environment) hygienic science foundation (ANSI/NSF) regulation.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of filter medium, and it contains not bleaching or the semibleached pulp with special fiber and content of lignin, just can realize the high standard decontamination without any need for special additive like this.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined type filter medium, wherein made a blended fiber paper substrate material in single cellulosic filter paper, to comprise an amount of granular active material, such as activated carbon (being used to remove chlorine and organic substance) and/or natural fabric shape atlapulgite or similar clay material (being used to remove the CATION and/or the bacterium of dissolving).

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of paper filter medium, and it can remove dissolved impurity with high standards, and needn't use any granular solid matter additive or other adsorbent.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of multilayer filter paper, compares it with the individual layer filter paper with comparable total basic weight and has excellent detersive efficiency and flow velocity, adsorbs additive and only use on a small quantity or without granular solid matter.

The filter paper that another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of multilayer or is added with the bactericide layer, it can be avoided because of polluting filtrate with bactericide.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of multilayer filter paper, wherein portability fragrance or odour component on one or more layers.

A further object of the invention is to provide a kind of filter paper of above-mentioned class shape, wherein embossing, wrinkling or softening processing is carried out to increase its surface area in the paper medium surface, increases its adsorption efficiency thus, reduces its impression (footprint) simultaneously.

A further object of the invention is to provide a kind of and utilizes general paper making equipment to make this novel method that comprises the filter medium that adsorbs additive.

The detailed description of preferred embodimentsThe paper pulp base-material

The filter medium that we have found that the disposal type that is specially adapted to purifying drinking water is preferably made by certain binary or the ternary mixture of the paper pulp of three kinds of general category shapes: (1) every gram has the softwood pulp of about 0.5 million (million) to 1.0 million (million) fiber; (2) every gram has the bardwood pulp of about 5.0 million to 12.0 million fibers, and (3) every gram has the eucalyptus paper pulp of about 15,000,000 to 20 fibers.A kind of suitable softwood pulp is " Alabama pine (Alabama Pine) " not bleached softwood kraft slurry, be (the Alabama River Pulp Co. of river, Alabama paper pulp Co., Ltd by AlabamaState,U.S.A Purdue Hill, Inc.) make, record its Kappa quantity near 30 with T 236cm-85 standard TAPPI experiment (T 236cm-85 standard TAPPI test).A kind of suitable bardwood pulp " Burgess " unbleached hardwood kraft pulp that the James company (James River Corporation) of the new Berlin of Hampshire makes of serving as reasons, its Kappa value is near 21.Eucalyptus paper pulp can obtain from number of ways.A kind of suitable eucalyptus paper pulp is the kraft pulp of Ri-ocell oxygen bleaching.

The papery filter medium with clean elecrtonegativity feature is produced in the mixing of these paper pulp, we have found that it removes the cationic effect of dissolving from water be desirable.

In order to obtain the flow feature of required final filter medium, we have found that following parameter can adjust: the selection of (1) various types of paper pulp ratio; (2) the suffered defiber amount (being mechanical jordaning) of paper pulp; (3) retention auxiliary agent of Jia Ruing and/or the granule adsorbent (if any) that grinds amount; (4) rate of drying of papermaking machine green end is controlled by some variation that following machine and process conditions are done; (5) use Micrexing selectively ^To increase permeability; (6) add selectively such as the filament expansion agent of chemical cellulose fiber to increase permeability; (7) employed layer in this manual " layer (ply) " refer to the single layer filter medium of basic weight whatsoever); And (8) use machinery fine and close (press polish) to reduce permeability selectively.

We have found that when special filtration flow-rate during as target the thickness data of controlled filter medium be that important (TAPPI 411 standard tests according to paper pulp and paper industry technological associations (TAPPI) apply 7 pounds/inch to paper ²(7psi) measured value).Not have pressurization and when relying on the water of gravity flow for filtering, when every liter of every 20sq.in. filter area is lower than 5 minutes " mobile fast " as target, need paper density in 0.3 to 0.5grams/cc scope.Every liter of the every 20sq.in. that utilizes gravity flow " flowing at a slow speed " greater than 5 minutes, and utilize under the situation of pressurized equipment, desirable paper density should be 0.5 to the scope greater than 0.7grams/cc.The paper density that thin short paper pulp fiber (hardwood) combination that thick long paper pulp fiber (cork) and the combination of given adsorbent packing material can make the paper density of generation be significantly less than to combine with identical given adsorbent packing material is produced.

For most of purposes, we have found that one or more above-mentioned kind of pulp should mix use and a kind ofly be controlled between about 10 and 50 the final paper products that the paper pulp raw material of (being recorded by T 236cm-85 standard TAPPI experiment) is made by its average Kappa value to produce.In the Kappa value is 10 when following, and the filter medium of acquisition does not have enough lignin to play the effect of absorption impurity effectively, need therefore to have to the removal metallic addition of high-load and/or removes halogen and organic carbon additive.When the Kappa value is about 50 when above, content of lignin is too high will to make the chemical substance in the paper pulp pollute filtrate.Preferable Kappa value scope is between approximate 10 to approximate 50, and the ratio of paper pulp that can be by controlling above-mentioned three kinds of general types obtains, also can adopt independent a kind of paper pulp, as Burgess not bleached hardwood paper pulp obtain.We have found to adopt the paper pulp of the Kappa value that has in aforementioned range enough lignin to be arranged to have the ability of the metal, halogen and the organic impurities that adsorb dissolving in the filter medium of making, and needn't use other additive, and make the effect of the various additives of hereinafter described interpolation more effective.

The aperture of paper products is also extremely important.We have found that the eucalyptus of higher proportion or the general aperture that forms of bardwood pulp are less, and the adsorption surface area of every gram fiber is bigger.We find that also the ratio of adsorbent higher (and the wide mixed adsorbent of size distribution) will reduce the aperture of final filter medium.A kind of is to obtain by changing thin, coarse-fibred consumption according to the amount of the adsorbent that is suitable for finished product and particle diameter at about 0.5 micron (microns) suitable pore-size distribution between about 50 microns (microns).

For " flow fast " filter paper, we have found to use pulp mixture to produce approximately at least 400 milliliters (ml.) in final filter medium, have been preferably in 600 milliliters of Canadian standard displacement CSF (Canadian Standard Freeness) more than (ml.).If necessary, be issued to these standards by adjusting the number of plies in the condition that changes basic weight.Multilayer filter paper can be at least in each filter paper layers edge embossing together.Need higher intensity in order to obtain this filter paper of gratifying embossing effect than individual layer filter paper.Can obtain higher intensity by increasing the mechanical jordaning amount.Yet the defibrination amount is subjected to reducing the restriction of the permeability of final products.

It is generally good than sulfite pulp with kraft pulp that we have found for the purposes of filtered water.This part is because kraft pulp is more solid than sulfite pulp.Yet we also find sulfite pulp, even chemistry-Re-mechanical pulp (CTMP) can be used in the multiple layer filter media of novelty hereinafter described.

We find that also the performance of the filter paper made with given composition depends on their basic weight.Bigger basic weight no matter be to reach with multilayer individual layer or that make by the lighter individual layer of basic weight, all has very high efficient to removing halogen, organic impurities and metal cation.Preferred is that as discussed below, employing multilayer filter paper can obtain bigger basic weight, generally can provide good flow behavior to given total basic weight.

The filament expansion agent

We have found that the filament expansion agent of the Bucheye HPZ board chemical cellulose fiber that can make with the Oak Tree cellulose company of (if necessary) such as Fla. Foley adjusts the porosity of filter medium to satisfy special application requirements.Alternative filament expansion agent comprise general fast dry pulp and in order to produce high expansion characteristics chemical modification than the specialty fibers element.According to used special chemical cellulose filament expansion agent, general trend is the effect that this swelling agent plays slimicide when it being added in the paper pulp fiber thin pulp (reducing the hydrogen bond amount between the cellulose fibre).This makes low-density paper all applicable to the filter paper of making very fast flow velocity.If necessary, the consumption of filament expansion agent can be up to 50% of ingredients by weight.When about more than 50% (for chemical cellulose greatly about more than 25%), the filament expansion agent will cause intensity decreases and be defective.

We find, meet the sedimental ANSI/NSF 42-1988 standard of removing according to the above-mentioned filter paper that the explanation of paper pulp is made.Therefore, the present invention also comprises and is applicable to and removes sedimental paper filter medium when dissolving halogen, organic impurities and metal cation in filtering out water.

Remove the additive of halogen and organic impurities

Be used for strengthen removing halogen (for example Rong Xie chlorine) and comprise the activated carbon (preferably activated charcoal) that grinds such as the suitable granular solid matter additive of the organic impurities of pesticide.The preferable size distribution that is used to remove the additive of halogen and organic impurities is:

U.S.'s (industry) standard (specification) screen size

By hundred common ratios (USS Screen Size)

100 orders (mesh)

＞90% 325 order (mesh)

＞60％

The additive of removing halogen and organic carbon should be evenly distributed in the whole filter medium.Coarse granule is hard to keep in filter course, and available absorption surface is also less.Generally speaking, we find since the less per unit weight particulate additives of mesh size of this additive to have a surface area bigger, so the detersive efficiency that they had makes moderate progress.

More particularly, the Cecarbon (trade mark (Grade) PAC-20B that makes by the Atochem North America company in Pennsylvania, America 19102 Philadelphia ^, series (Serial) D19 active carbon is effective.The brand of being sold by the American Norit company (AmericanNorit of Atlanta, Georgia 30338) of Georgia State, USA 30338 Atlantas is DARCO KB ^The activated charcoal of the basic charcoal of wood also is gratifying.The brand of being sold by American Norit is that the activated charcoal of the basic charcoal of Norit CAl wood also can be used, and has better effect.In addition, (Calgon Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pa.15230) brand of Chu Shouing is " Calgon WPL pulv as the Calgon company by Pennsylvania, America 15230 Pittsburgs ^" coal-based active carbon material also can use.Activated carbon also is a kind of effective adsorbent with removing organic impurities, and can remove some metal cations easily, comprises lead.Comprise as used in this specification " removing the additive of halogen and organic impurities " language and to be used to remove all these materials of any halogen or organic impurities and the equivalent on the function thereof.

Compare with removing metal, it is more responsive to flow velocity that we find to remove halogen.Therefore, when removing halogen and be matter of utmost importance, the flow velocity of designed filter paper should be slow when only removing metal.

Gratifying effect is to obtain by accounting for the filter medium 1% (weight) made to the removal halogen and the organic impurities additive of 20% (weight) when removing halogen, uses this interpolation adsorbent in this filter medium fully.This additive more than 20% just is difficult to be retained in the filter course, and particle is lost in the filtrate.

Remove the additive of metal

We have found that the available filter medium with additive of following general classes of the regulation of the relevant lead content of NSF drinking water standard NSF53-1992 satisfies: (1) obtainable aluminium-silicon zeolite in various salt forms as by the strange Valfor company of the Valley good fortune of Pennsylvania, America (Valfor Corporation ofValley Forge, Pennsylvania) the sylvite zeolite Valfor G102 of Sheng Chaning ^Or be that the chemical general formula of (2) natural formation is (Mg, A1) 5Si better ₈O ₂₂(0H) ₄4H ₂The clay of O.Have the lead of removal and comprise fiber-reactive carclazyte (attapulgite), palygorskite, imvite, dioctahedral terre verte and bleaching earth with the relevant clay of other cationic suitable performance.A kind of commercially available clay that is specially adapted to remove metal (especially plumbous) can be buied from the Oil-Dri company of the Vernon Hill of Illinois, USA 60061, and its brand is Oil Dri Renew LVM ^Other suitable removal metallic addition comprises Oil Dri re-new RVM, Oil Dri Renew SMA and the Florex that is produced and sold by the Floridon company of U.S. Xi Fujinilai state Berkeley Springs ^Min U Gel ^The preferable size distribution of removing metallic addition is:

U.S.'s (industry) standard (specification) screen size passes through percentage

(USS?Screen?Size)

100 orders＞90%

325 orders＞60%

Comprise all these materials that are used for any removal metal impurities and the equivalent on their function as " removal metallic addition " used in this specification one language.

Removing metallic addition in the composite filter media of making is good to account for 1% (weight) to 20% (weight).This additive just is difficult to be retained in the filter course when above and the porosity of filter course may be reduced to very low unallowable degree 20%.For filtering drinking water, be best to account for 2% (weight) to 10% (weight).Removing metallic addition in whole filter medium should distribute as far as possible equably.

Wet strong auxiliary agent

Comparatively ideal, comprise in the filter medium of making such as the pH value being the neutral wet strong auxiliary agent that solidifies polyamide that its consumption accounts for 2% of the filter medium weight made at most.About wet strong auxiliary agent more than 2% does not just have further advantageous effects.For purifying drinking water, it is best to 0.5% (weight) that content is about 0.25% (weight).Such a kind of suitable wet strong auxiliary agent be by the Hercules company of the Wilmington of Delaware, USA 19894 (Hercules Corporation of Wilmington, Delaware19894) make with Kymene557H ^The auxiliary agent that brand is sold.Its chemical molecular formula is diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material (diethylene triamine adipic acid polyamine epi) aqua.Other suitable wet strong auxiliary agent comprises the AMRES with similar chemical structural formula 8855 by the Georgia Pacific company manufacturing of Georgia State, USA Atlanta ^Comprise the equivalent on all these materials and their functions as " strong auxiliary agent wets " language used in this specification.

However, according to used special fiber with to the defibrination degree of fiber, it is possible not using any wet strong auxiliary agent and enough wet strengths are provided.Have been found that promptly only strong auxiliary agent filter paper of the present invention also is flushable otherwise use is wet.

Surprising is that except improving the wet strength of filter medium, wet strong auxiliary agent can promote to remove halogen.

Retain adjuvant system

Add any granular solid matter additive if desired in the filter medium of making, then available retention auxiliary agent is retained in the filter medium micropore of making to strengthen the granular solid matter additive.This retention auxiliary agent preferably cationic polymer of the anionic polymer of high molecular and low-molecular-weight band forceful electric power lotus is compound.A kind of optimum amount of composition of double focusing compound retention auxiliary agent is as follows, represents with the weight percent of the filter medium of making:

The maximum optimum value

Anionic polymer 0.25% 0.05%-0.15% of high molecular

Low-molecular-weight cationic polymer 0.25% is less than 0.15%

When being higher than the maximum of above-mentioned retention adjuvant system composition, we find that the viscosity of liquid storage will be very high, and the papermaking operation will very difficultly maybe can't be carried out like that.

A kind of suitable double focusing compound retention adjuvant system is the Nalco7533 by the Nalco company manufacturing of Illinois, USA Naperville ^Anionic polymer and Nalco7606 ^Cationic polymer compound.Nalco 7607 ^Be the poly-muriatic aqueous solution of quaternary amine; Nalco 7533 ^Be the water of acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer and a kind of emulsion of solvent.

When using wet strong auxiliary agent simultaneously, we find that it also plays the effect of retaining the low-molecular-weight cationic polymer in the adjuvant system, so only need just can form an effective retention adjuvant system with a kind of anionic polymer of above-mentioned high molecular.

Comprise the equivalent on all aforesaid materials and their functions as " double focusing compound retention adjuvant system " language used in this specification.

Make the combined type filter medium

We have found that a kind of general paper machine can be used to make combined type filter medium of the present invention.The first step is to mix the paper pulp of selecting for use in starch dispensing machine.Then, in starch dispensing machine, add wet strong auxiliary agent (if necessary) in batches.Wet strong auxiliary agent also adds in the batcher serially.Retain auxiliary agent if use, it can add starch dispensing machine (but preferably being placed in the bag of pulp) in batches or add continuously in flow box in the water circulation or at this place and add in the dilution paper stock.If use to retain auxiliary agent, and wet strong auxiliary agent plays the effect of retaining the cationic moiety in the adjuvant system, and anion is retained auxiliary agent and preferably should be joined in the feeding line that leads to flow box.Retain auxiliary agent if add continuously, it preferably is diluted with water to about 1% (weight) before adding.

If use to remove the additive (if particularly adding activated carbon) of halogen and organic impurities, it is the most effective that the additive adding that will remove halogen and organic impurities after adding any wet strong auxiliary agent is again diluted in the paper stock.Otherwise, have an opportunity with paper pulp in cellulose react before, remove halogen and the organic impurities additive can react with wet strong auxiliary agent or with its absorption.If activated carbon is during as a kind of additive of removing halogen and organic impurities, have been found that, add activated carbon after wet strong auxiliary agent and paper pulp react, and add activated carbon earlier or simultaneously and compare, activated carbon can bring up to 100% with the validity of the strong auxiliary agent that wets.

Remove halogen and organic impurities additive and preferably should join inlet flow hopper in the dilution paper stock continuously, and be that 10% (weight) or water form of a slurry still less add to remove halogen and organic impurities additive.Dense 20% (weight) that reaches of thin pulp, but may there be the problem of pumping difficulty in high concentration like this.To be input to header in the dilution paper stock and can avoid the dust problem that produced when the powdered activated carbon additive of handling as grinding effectively except that halogen and organic impurities additive join with the form of water thin pulp, and in the filter medium that impels additive to be evenly distributed in to make.Need the long period opposite if add starch dispensing machine with the additive that will remove halogen and organic impurities in batches, it can also utilize the slurrying time of the common scope about 20 minutes.

We find that also for acquisition satisfactory performance in drying steps the green end of paper machine being done some improvement is necessary.Specifically,, as remove, be necessary the water speed that removes of reduction case green end except that metallic addition and/or removal halogen and organic impurities additive if use the granular solid matter additive.If use common process conditions and remove water speed, so many granular solid matter additives just may not be retained in the filter paper.In order to prevent this from occurring, we the quantity of razor blade scraper is reduced to than approximate 20 common supporting number half also lack, and the razor blade scraper that is left is placed to angle between they and paper is about 2 ° rather than common 5 °.

In addition, we find felt in the rear section of drying process preferably with high as far as possible speed operation with the permeability retention of the filter paper that will make on an acceptable high level.Be preferably in drying time about 0.5 to 1.0 minute, this depends on the weight of paper and the drying capacity of machinery.The paper maximum temperature preferably should be about 212F.Water content in the filter medium that we find to make preferably is no more than about 5% (weight).

For the filter medium that adds granular solid matter additive (or remove metallic addition or remove halogen and organic impurities additive), we have found to add in the filter medium more than about 17% activated carbon may need the special cleaner that is used for reel machine, if particularly under the situation of binding agent useless.We should reduce dust and keep particulate additives suggestion without binding agent, because binding agent may disturb absorption impurity and in fact may leak in the filtrate.Specifically, we avoid using adhesive, latex rubber adhesive or polymer adhesive at suggestion.

Remove in the filter medium of additive add removing halogen and organic impurities, we find that also the filter medium paper web of making must be immediately and be packaged in securely as far as possible in the packages sealed material.This is even more important for the additive that comprises activated carbon.Unless this filter paper is sealed securely, otherwise the additive of removal halogen and organic impurities will absorb moisture and organic steam from air, and reduce the ability of their actual uses.

Embossing, processing of wet type wrinkle and Micrexing ^

We have found that and preferably use machine printed, the processing of wet type wrinkle or " Micrexing ^" increase the surface area of the filter medium of given filter paper size or " impression (footprint) ".For example, this processing can make the surface area of given filter paper impression increase, and therefore makes water to be processed or other fluid exposure in more fiber and any aforesaid additive.(" Micrexing ^" be the service marker of a kind of dry type wrinkle processing of providing of the Micrex company by Massachusetts, USA state wal-ton.)

Machine printed also is useful when bonding together at the edge with multiple filtration paper.Several so concrete multilayer examples will be described in will giving an example hereinafter.

Following example to the scope of the filter medium that can make according to the present invention without any restriction, only be used for illustrating the concrete performance of filter medium of the present invention.

Example

Example 1---the individual layer filter paper of removing metallic addition is arranged

Adopt that Valley lithographic paper cylinder is molded to be equipped with one and to make that diameter is 8 inches, per 3,000 square feet heavy 120 pounds a laboratory write by hand experiment paper filter paper.Adopting the Voith experimental beater is 610 milliliters (ml) with used former paper pulp fiber (50% unbleached northern Mackenzie ox-hide cork and 50% unbleached northern Burgess ox-hide hardwood) defibrination to CFS.The 1% paper stock solution that will contain 4.8 paper pulp crossed of gram over dry is put into laboratory Waring mixer and was stirred one minute with 0.1% solution of the wet strong auxiliary agent of curing of 2.4 milliliters of (ml) AMRES 8855 neutrality, add the fibrous atlapulgite of 1.2 gram Oil Dri Renew SMA thereafter, and mixed again one minute, to make the filter paper with removal metallic addition of 20% (weight).In the process that write by hand experiment paper is shaped, add the double focusing compound and retain adjuvant system; Manufactured goods double focusing compound in over dry is the Nalco7607 that accounts for 0.15% (weight) Nalco7533 and account for 0.25% (weight).Write by hand experiment paper forms on the net at one 100 purpose stainless steel sifts, and press with extractor then and remove screen cloth, in the drying chamber of steam-heated laboratory dry 10 minutes, and (in stove, handle 5 minutes under the C 105 with fixing wet strengthening resin.

The filter paper of 8 made inch diameters is used for filtering the water sample that contains impurity, known it contain the chlorine of 2.0ppm and the 150ppb lead ion contains impurity with simulation urban water supply.Filter paper is fixed in the buchner funnel.Per 1 liter of impure water sample filters by the gravity once-through.When flow velocity is first liter freely every liter 125 seconds, out-of-date to the 4th up-flow is 95 seconds.Adopt Hach 2000 spectrophotometers and analyze chlorine residual in the filtrate and lead according to the rules of EPA drinking water analysis standard.Content with the described methods analyst lead of NSF53-1992 standard " drinking water treatment unit---health effect (Drinking water Treatment Units---Health Effects) ".Content with " drinking water treatment unit---aesthetic effect (Drinking water Treatment Units---Aesthetic Effects) " described methods analyst chlorine in the ANSI/NSF42-1988 standard.

The result shows to cross in the water that filters first liter and the 4th liter and has removed 98% chlorine.In first liter, remove 99% lead, removed 93% in the 4th liter.Therefore, but to adopt the paper filter of this disposal type be to meet the NSF standard for each premium on currency that four singles pass through.

In contrast, adopt aforesaid step to prepare write by hand experiment paper, just paper pulp is the mixture of ox-hide hardwood of the northern Burgess of the northern Mackenzie ox-hide cork of 50/50 full bleaching and full bleaching.Adopt the removal metallic addition of same consumption.Adopt the above same water sample of just having described that contains impurity and identical test method, the result shows to cross in the water that filters at first liter and has only removed 71% chlorine, has only removed 22% chlorine in the 4th liter.These results have stressed that under the situation of not using activated carbon unbleached paper pulp can realize that high standard removes the surprising discovery of chlorine, and if the made filter paper of paper pulp of the bleaching of using in more common mode just can not be removed chlorine effectively without activated carbon.

Example 2---have the long period of experiments of the individual layer filter paper of removing metallic addition

Preparation one write by hand identical with example 1 tested paper, be unbleached paper pulp grinding be 550 milliliters (ml) to the CFS value.Adopt identical NSF experimental technique to add one liter at every turn and test made filter paper to measure its absorption chlorine and plumbous ability from 12 liters of water that contain impurity.The dechlorination rate that is reached when the first, the 4th, the 8th, the 12 premium on currency is by this filter medium is 97%, 97%, 97%, 97%; The deleading rate is 98%, 92%, 89%, 79%.The average filtration flow velocity approximate every liter 6 minutes.This description of test can make the filter paper life-span shockingly prolong with unbleached paper pulp, even do not use any removal halogen and organic impurities additive as activated carbon.

Example 3---be used to remove the individual layer filter paper of organic impurities

Preparation one write by hand identical with example 1 tested paper.Filtration contains the pesticide Lindane of 10ppm and 0.88ppb ^γ-benzene hexachloride) water sample of impurity.The result is:

Sample introduction concentration, ppb filter liquor concentration, ppb

10.00???????????????????????6.3

0.88 0.08 by another write by hand experiment paper of example 1 preparation, just the DARCOKB activated carbon with equivalent replaces the fibrous atlapulgite of Oil Dri Re-new SMA.NSF test method described in the employing NSF 53-1988 is to containing Lindane ^The result that experimentizes of water sample as follows:

Sample introduction concentration, ppb filters back concentration, ppb

10.00????????????????????????0.05

0.88?????????????????????????＜0.03

Therefore, about removing Lindane ^The requirement (NSF standard NSF53-1992, table 1) of NSF can satisfy, comprise perhaps inflow concentration 0.6ppb and the requirement of effluent Cmax 0.2ppb at least.In fact, we used 10ppb is 15 times of inflow concentration requirement that surpass the NSF standard, and also surpasses the effluent concentration that allows.It is best with the organic impurities that removes such as pesticide that these description of tests adopt the filter medium of activated carbon.

Related example 1 to the prescription and the experimental result of example enforcement 3 is shown in table 1.

Example 4---the individual layer filter paper of removing halogen and organic impurities additive is arranged

Though from removing metal cation and halogen and this two aspect of organic impurities, the paper pulp of full bleaching is generally satisfactory like that not as unbleached paper pulp, but it has an advantage at least: bleaching processing has reduced the residual trace of organic impurities in the filter paper of making that is produced by paper pulp itself.Therefore, need and to adopt the paper pulp that bleach as the initiation material manufacturing filter paper of filling a prescription.We find that also this can remove halogen and organic impurities additive by adding expediently, finish as activated carbon.

The batching composition as follows after employing changes and the conventional method of example 1 have the write by hand experiment paper of the composition after following the making:

Paper substrate 70% (weighs 50% (weight) full bleaching

North Mackenzie ox-hide cork and

The north of 50% (weight) full bleaching

Burgess ox-hide hardwood)

Plumbous adsorbent 20% (the fibrous activity of Oil Dri SMA

Carclazyte)

Chlorine adsorbent 10% (the basic charcoal of DARCO KB wood)

100% is (heavy

Amount) adopt as identical impure water sample and identical test method in the above-mentioned example 1, its result of the test is as follows:

First liter the 4th liter

Dechlorination rate 98% 98%

Therefore deleading rate 97% 95% although the content of lignin of the paper pulp of bleaching is lower, adds the effect that 10% activated carbon and 20% carclazyte can obtain gratifying deleading and chlorine.

Example 5---the filter paper of individual layer microcellular structure

Adopt the northern soft wooden former pulp mixture that is equipped with of 75% (weight) eucalyptus paper pulp and 25% (weight).Every square feet of Cecarbon PAC-20B activated carbon that adds 0.00067 pound.Prepare the filter paper dick of 6.3 inches of diameters with three basic weights, change the percentage by weight of the activated carbon in the filter paper of making and the weight in the combined type filter medium like this:

Basic weight mixed pulp content activated carbon contains octarius/order pound/square inch weight % pound/square inch weight %lbs/ream lbs/ft ²Wt% lbs/ft ²The scope of the CSF value of wt%15 0.0044 86.8 0.00067 13.230 0.0094 93.3 0.00067 6.750 0.0161 96.0 0.00067 4.0 these filter paper is that 500 milliliters (ml) are to 700 milliliters (ml).

Utilize the gravity effect to make 1 gallon of water that contains the 1.5ppm dissolved chlorine at first by being placed on the filter paper filtering in the buchner funnel.The result who obtains is as follows:

Basic weight activated carbon residual chlorine filters

Pound/make % (weight) the ppm time, second

15??????????13.2???????????0.8???????45

30??????????6.7????????????0.41??????130

50??????????4.0????????????0.0???????380

Therefore the percentage that dechlorinates is as follows:

The basic weight dechlorination

Pound/make percentage

15?????????????47

30?????????????73

Although 50 100 these results provide their basic weight lower but can realize the individual layer filter paper of the microcellular structure of high standard decontamination.

The filter paper of example 6---savory or smell

Prepare write by hand experiment paper with the described the same method of example 1, be former paper pulp be the ox-hide ENCE eucalyptus hardwood and the soft wood of 50% unbleached ox-hide north Mackenzie of 50% bleaching.This paper pulp is 620ml by defibrination to the CSF value.After write by hand was tested made of paper being equipped with, spraying 0.3 gram was by the natural raspberry spices (WONF 13503098) of the International Flavors and Fragrances company manufacturing of N.J. 07735Union Beach on a side.Never a side of spraying is filtered the impure water sample contain 2.0ppm chlorine and 150ppb lead, and crosses at first liter that to record the chlorine filter efficiency in the water that filters be 99%, and plumbous filter efficiency is 98% (according to the NSF test method of quoting in the example 1).One taste test card is bright tangible raspberry fragrance in the water that purified.The available drinking water filter paper of this example can be delivered to fragrance in the water after the filtration.Similar techniques will be applicable in the multilayer filter paper that smell is added to filtering gas and designs.

The multilayer filter paper that expectation bottom (being the downstream) has fragrance or smell is best.In this case, the most handy pure cellulose base-material is as the downstream layer that carries fragrance or smell.Except spraying, granular coating, roller coating, dipping and drying and printing process all are known and also can be used to add fragrance or smell for skilled person in the art.These technology also can be used to other chemical substance is joined in the filter medium of the present invention, as the antimicrobial chemical material.

The filter paper of example 7-employing antiseptic

Example of the present invention is a kind of sterilization filter paper of novelty.Specifically, prepare a two-layer or multilayer filter paper, its top layer (being the upstream) but a kind of antiseptic of proofing is preferably halogen-containing.Antiseptic can be contain iodine, chlorine or bromine and discharge in the salt (preferably not having sodium) from be added to top layer during by top layer when water.For example a kind of like this antiseptic may be a time hydracid calcium.The antiseptic microencapsulation is needed.Bottom may be to remove the biocide layer according to the disclosure manufacturing of above relevant dechlorination---for example, bottom can be with any prescription of example 1 to 5.By these layers being bonded together in its edge embossed or by other method known to the skilled person in the art.

During operation, the water that contains bacterium will at first pass through top layer, and the chloride bactericide that there exposes will kill and wound bacterium.Not further processing, this processing may stay disagreeable chlorine peculiar smell.Yet bottom will be removed the chlorine of being introduced by top layer immediately, thereby produce not only aseptic but also do not have the clean water of the smell of disagreeable chlorine or other halogen.If necessary, can use a plurality of top layers (upstream) and bottom (downstream).In order further to improve taste, be preferably in the spices that applies spraying on the bottom or apply with other form.See example 6.

We test another example of the present invention that is used with the antiseptic that directly joins in the impure water.Analyze the impure river of one quart of sample, contain 81 bacterial clumps in every milliliter, in 0.1 ml sample of cultivating on 36 ℃ of following bacteria culture medias in 48 hours.The pH value of water sample is 7.7, and CaCO ₃Be 95ppm and MgCO ₃Be 60ppm.The PbNO that adds capacity ₃Make plumbous cations up to 150ppb.Impure river sample is handled to kill and wound bacterium with a commercially available halogen tablet then.

After the sterilization processing, water sample adopts the individual layer filter paper filtering of 12 " * 12 " of table 2 prescription A.Make taper and one quart of sample water after the filtration by hand by its purification.Adopt NSF 53-1992 experimental draft that filtrate is carried out the lead tolerance analysis.Content plumbous in filtrate only is 3ppb, and description of test has been removed 98% soluble lead.And, filtrate is carried out the taste experiment show not by the halogen smell that stays in the halogen purification run.Therefore, but the suitable and commercially available halogen chemistry in water treatment material of the disposal type filter paper of making by filter medium prescription of the present invention be used producing aseptic filtered water product, and it does not also have bad taste with this processing.

Example 8---adopt the multilayer filter paper of CTMP and TMP paper pulp

Chemistry-Re-machinery (CTMP) and heat-machinery (TMP) paper pulp have some as the required performance of the base-material of filter medium because of its high lignin content.This performance can obtain removing the high efficiency of metal and halogen.CTMP and TMP paper pulp are that comparison is cheap and be easy to make.For example CTMP paper pulp is wood chip to be mixed in the sodium sulfite salting liquid and adopt steam and elevated pressures to carry out mechanical jordaning basically.But, thought in the past that CTMP and TMP paper pulp were unfavorable (when particularly making drinking water filter paper) as the base-material of the filter paper of filter liquide.Use under the situation of CTMP paper pulp, the sulphite in the paper pulp is delivered to different gas in the water after the filtration.CTMP and TMP paper pulp all contain quite a large amount of unnecessary organic chemicalss.

Multilayer filter paper manufactured according to the present invention has overcome these problems.Specifically, top layer of example of the present invention (being the upstream) or multilayer can be made and not needed additive by CTMP paper pulp and TMP paper pulp, and have utilized the natural ability of CTMP base-material and TMP base-material filter paper to make halogen regeneration.Bottom (being the downstream) or multilayer can be made by having any suitable paper of removing the organic impurities ability.

Example 9---the filter paper of fibre-bearing swelling agent

Utilize technique change of the present invention (above-mentioned) on plain edition wet type paper machine, to make the filter medium of a collection of mechanism.Downcut and make various individual layers and multilayer filter paper from the filter medium of these runnings, being produced.Employing contains the dissolved chlorine of 2.0ppb and the impure water sample of 150ppm lead carries out the test of deleading and chlorine to the filter paper of making.Table 2 illustrate these prescriptions with according to quoting the result of the test of identical NSF test method with example 1.All prescriptions shown in the table 2 only adopt the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system, because wet strong auxiliary agent works the cationic moiety effect of retaining adjuvant system.In this table, represent with pound/inch width in the TENSILE STRENGTH of machine direction (MD) and horizontal (CD).Porosity adopts standard Gurley porosity unit and represents by the second number of the area of a circle of 1 inch filter paper of diameter with the 100cc air.Thickness is represented with mil under the 7psig pressure.

Prescription A to C has illustrated that the chemical cellulose fiber is for the influence of removing efficient and filter paper flow velocity in the table 2.In the filter medium of making by unbleached Alabama river softwood kraft pulp, add about 33% chemical cellulose fiber and do not add and anyly remove metallic addition or remove halogen and the organic impurities additive can double the rate of filtration under the situation of approximately identical basic weight.This is reflected as the minimizing that is attended by the Gurley porosity.Have some declines of deleading and dechlorination efficient herein, but compare with the increase of filtration flow-rate, the decline ratio is few.These results show with the individual layer filter paper that has with the total basic weight similar basis weights of multilayer filter paper and compare that the multilayer filter paper that contains the chemical cellulose fiber can improve flow velocity.Therefore, the filament expansion agent helps for the big filter paper of weight and contains at high proportion that the filter paper of granular solid matter additive provides enough flow velocitys.

Example 10---multilayer filter paper

We have found that the multilayer filter paper of being made by the machine-processed filter medium of explained hereafter of the present invention compared significant advantage with the individual layer filter paper of comparable basic weight.At first, high basic weight multilayer is (at 150lbs/3000ft ²More than) plant-scale manufacturing ratio be lower than 100lbs/3000ft ²Medium basis weights much more difficult (it is impossible in fact, using the wet type forming paper machine of some type).Secondly, multilayer has the characteristics of reliable operation: a pin-and-hole in one deck or other destruction can not produce and make the fluid path that flows through multilayer filter paper capable of bypass.Once more, multilayer will make inhomogeneous and the inhomogeneous of porosity of the additive announcement in the individual layer become even.The result is more even by the flow velocity of multiple-level surface, even and when total this filter paper has higher basic weight the flow velocity of multilayer filter paper also unexpectedly than higher, therefore than the removal of impurity efficient height of individual layer filter paper.

Composition F in the table 2 compares with G-I with components D-E, shows the contrast properties of individual layer and multilayer filter paper.Composition F is a kind ofly made and is had high concentration to remove metallic addition (Oil-Dri LVM carclazyte) and remove halogen and the individual layer filter paper of organic compound additive (Norit CA1 activated carbon) by unbleached ox-hide softwood pulp.Under the basic weight of 89lbs/ream, it shows slow filtration flow-rate (average every 900ml2.8 minute), although speed is slow, goodish deleading efficient is only arranged, and dechlorination efficient is but not high.

Comparatively speaking, composition H, a kind of three metafiltration paper are only used 2%LVM carclazyte and 5% activated carbon, still can obtain much better deleading and chlorine efficient (both are enough to satisfy the NSF standard) far away.And it is done under the rate of filtration (every 900mll.3 minute the speed of comparing with the every 900ml2.8 minute) condition like this being close to double.This phenomenon partly is owing to utilize three layers of big total basic weight that low basic weight obtained.Composition I is another kind of three metafiltration paper, and it is different from prescription H, and main it has content much higher LVM carclazyte and activated carbon in batching.According to composition I, what we found that this high level improved relatively large filtered water removes the halogen effect.

Compare composition F and composition E, as seen do not bleach the three metafiltration paper (composition E) that the ox-hide softwood pulp makes and be issued to and those approaching scrubbing efficient of making by composition F of individual layer by identical with composition F in the higher rate of filtration, and fully without any removing metallic addition or removing halogen and organic impurities additive.

Therefore, we have found that multilayer filter paper all is better than individual layer filter paper with regard to removal of impurity efficient and the rate of filtration two aspects, in part because can obtain big total basic weight with multilayer under commercial scale.Multilayer filter paper with this high basic weight removes metallic addition and removes halogen and the organic impurities additive can obtain this result equally with lower content.

We find, for commercial Application, the machine printed that is used as the cutting operation part presses the band method that each is laminated together to make multilayer filter paper along the filter course edge be comparatively desirable.

Example 11---with the multilayer filter paper of mixed pulp base-material

Composition J-L shows the multilayer filter paper of mechanism, and they are made by the hardwood/softwood paper pulp base-material that mixes.Specifically, the softwood pulp that is used for these filter paper is " Alabama River " unbleached softwood kraft pulp.Bardwood pulp is " Burgess " not bleached hardwood kraft slurry.

Composition J is compared with composition F, our discovery of description of test, can obtain excellent deleading and chlorine efficient by the multilayer filter that utilizes one mixed hardwood/softwood pulp base-material, even reduce to 1/4 of former consumption when removing the metallic addition amount, and when not using except that halogen and organic impurities additive fully.Under the condition of not sacrificing any rate of filtration, just can obtain these results.

Composition K and L description of test are used to filter the present best example of the present invention of drinking water.In these compositions, the ratio of the paper pulp base-material of mixing is approximately 90/10 " Alabama Pine " not bleached softwood kraft slurry and " Burgess " bleached hardwood kraft slurry not.In composition, add about 4% (weight) remove metallic addition (the fibrous atlapulgite of Oil-Dri LVM) and 5% (weight) except that halogen and organic impurities additive (Norit CA1 activated carbon).Wet strong auxiliary agent is that a kind of polyamide and retention auxiliary agent are a kind of anionic polymers of high molecular.The difference of composition K and L only is that K is three metafiltration paper and L is four metafiltration paper.

Composition K and our discovery of L description of test, promptly from a large amount of contaminated-fluids, remove the more uniform flow behavior that metal and halogen can utilize big basic weight and the multilayer filter paper made by the mixed hardwood with an amount of additive/softwood pulp base-material obtains very efficiently and realized, keep the high rate of filtration simultaneously.As touching upon in the example 6 to 8, this sandwich construction also will help to add fragrance, smell or antiseptic, and help to adopt in top (upstream) layer or multilayer the high lignin paper pulp such as CTMP paper pulp.

Example 12---remove other CATION

Adopt the ANSI/NSF43-1988 experimental draft of relevant dissolved copper and iron that the multilayer filter paper of prescription G, J in the use table 2 and K is tested.The presentation of results that is shown in Table 3 filter paper of the present invention also can be removed copper and iron tramp effectively from water.Specifically, the multilayer filter paper deironing of preferable " K " prescription is effective especially, and iron is to make drinking water produce the basis of peculiar smell.These results show the cationic broad applicability of dissolution of metals with above-mentioned test to lead.

Example 13---the individual layer filter paper of making by bleached hardwood paper pulp

Because unbleached pulp is sometimes for can contain from the residual chemicals in the pulping process, they may pollute the filtrate in the highstrung application scenario, and it is desirable making the ability that can operate filter paper by the bardwood pulp of bleaching.Test explanation shown in the table 4 effectively filter medium of bleaching can adopt the paper pulp of suitable additives to make.Filter paper shown in the table 4 is to adopt the above write by hand experiment paper of example 1 described experimental technique production, and experimentize according to relevant chlorine of above being quoted and plumbous NSF draft.Prescription P and Q show in the comparison sheet 4, compare with the not bleached softwood with additive not under a given basic weight condition, can not provide excellent metal and the halogen efficient removed with the not bleached hardwood with additive, though flow velocity is lower.

We also find to add except that metallic addition and/or remove halogen and the performance of the filter paper that bardwood pulp's filter paper that the organic impurities additive can make bleaching makes near bleached softwood paper pulp never.The use of sandwich construction and big basic weight will further improve these performance characteristics.

Example 14---use the multilayer filter paper of different filter mediums

Above example 6 to 8 described filter paper comprise multilayer filter paper, and wherein each layer performance is different.Other this combination with filter course of different performance also is possible.For example, providing a kind of its top (upstream) layer only to contain the multilayer filter paper that only contains except that halogen and organic carbon additive except that metallic addition, bottom is possible best, and vice versa.This structure can make manufacturing economy and may come the filter paper of combine to arrange with replacement because of the various types of impurities of being removed again in the time will using and assemble in manufacture process.For example, can supply a spicy filter course and be added on other removal of impurity layer in the clamper separately by the end user.Perhaps, the filter course of a series of different densities and/or additive level is combinable to produce a series of desirable purification standards.Many other combinations also are possible.

The disposable filter course of example 15---emergency

In another concrete enforcement of the present invention, provide proper spacing have peelable eyelet and with size do match with a common plastics funnel one lick filter medium (it can be the also multilayer of individual layer, also additive can be arranged).User's filter paper of tearing easily with its folding fitting in the funnel, filters drinking water with it, then it is lost.The low-down example of this price of the present invention is particularly useful for emergency rating, such as being used for suffering the assistance work victim after the natural calamity may have to use under the situation at unclean water source.Antimicrobial filter paper, filter paper of the present invention are used in combination with soluble antibacterial water finishing agent and are particularly suitable for this purposes.

For common skilled person in the art, obviously also can make many kinds and change and change but still can be within the scope of the present invention.For example, filter paper of the present invention can be not limited only to water and air with any flowable fluid.And skilled person in the art obviously relevant with the present invention as can be known filter paper can make various shapes, such as taper, cup-shaped and other similar shape.Our being intended that covers all and has composition and the processing method that is equal to effect, and the present invention is only limited by specifically described claim.

The experimental result of the routine 1-3 of table 1
																		Example	Batching prescription wt%						Basic weight lb/3000 ft 2	?CSF ?ml.	Buchner funnel water outlet filtering data
	Paper pulp cork hardwood		Carclazyte	Carbon	Wet strong auxiliary agent	Retain auxiliary agent	Mean flow rate Min/900ml	Deleading rate % rises 148 12				Dechlorination rate % rises 148 12
																Reference examples	49.6 bleaching	49.6 bleaching	????0	????0	??0.40	??0.40	????120	??610			????2	????N/A	????N/A	?N/A	?W/A	????71	????22	?N/A	??K/A
????1	39.6 not bleaching	39.6 not bleaching	????20	????0	??0.40	??0.40	????120	??610	????2	????99	????93	?N/A	?N/A	????98	????98										?M/A	??N/A
																????2	34.6 bleaching	34.6 bleaching	????20	????10	??0.40	??0.40	????120	??610			????2	????97	????95	?N/A	?W/A	????98	????98	?N/A	??N/A
????3	39.6 not bleaching	39.6 not bleaching	????20	????0	??0.40	??0.40	????120	??550	????4	????98	????92	?89	?79	????97	????97										?97	??97

Table 2
																	Prescription	Batching is formed wt/%						Individual layer physical testing performance					Buchner funnel water outlet filtering data
Basic weight	Porosity	Dry tensile strength	Wet tensile strength	Thickness	Total number of plies	Total basic weight	Mean flow rate	??Liter1，5，9	??Liter1，5，9
											Paper pulp		Carclazyte	Carbon	Wet strong auxiliary agent	Retain auxiliary agent								??lb/3000sq.ft	?Sec/100cc	??lbs/in.	??lbs/in.	??NLS/7psi	Clearance %	Clearance %
	Cork	Hardwood																	??KD/CD	????M0		?16/3000S9.	??Min/900								Plumbous	Chlorine
??A	Do not bleach 99.47	????0	????0	????0				????0.5	????0.03								????104	????1.8	??50.0/20.5	????19.3	????14.1	????1	??104								??3.2	??96?86?70	??99?70?54
					??B	Bleaching 66.25	????0			????0	????0	????0.5	????0.03	????118	????1.1	??35.3/17.3								????17.3	????17.7	????1	??118	??2.5	??90?66?68	??98?60?41
	Alpha-cellulose 33.22
					??C	Do not bleach 66.25	????0			????0	????0	????0.5	????0.03	????108	????0.9	??31.9/14.5								????14.1	????17	????1	??108	??1.6	??60?62?52	??90?46?55
	Alpha-cellulose 33.22
??D	Bleaching 97.79	????0	????0	????0				????0.2	????0.01								????35	????0.2	??9.3/5.8	????3	????7	????3	??105								??1.1	??62?52?42	??88?23?14

??E	Do not bleach 97.79	????0	????0	??0	??0.2	????0.01	????32	????0.4	?14.0/8.0	????4	????6	????3	????96	????2.2	??92?76?66	????91?33?21
??F	Do not bleach 76.45	????0	????18	??3	??0.5	????0.05	????0.9	????2.1	?12.5/3.8	????1.9	????11.4	????1	????89	????2.8	??88?84?78	????93?43?33
??G	Do not bleach 99.9	????0	????0	??0	??0	????0.1	????57	????0.3	?0.4/7.6	????0.5	????11.4	????3	????171	????1.5	??99?97?93	????100?48?31
??H	Do not bleach 92.3	????0	????2	??5	??0.5	????0.1	????57	????0.4	?13.5/7.7	????1	????10.3	????3	????171	????1.5	??99?99?96	????99?86?74
																	??I	Do not bleach 76.4	????0	????6	??17	??0.5	????0.1	????57	????0.4	?7.9/4.8	????1.2	????10.4	????3	????171	????1.3	??99?98?94	????99?97?95
																	??J	Do not bleach 85.03	Do not bleach 9.55	????4	??0	??0.25	????0.07	????50	????0.4	?11.8/7.3	????1.5	????8.8	????3	????174	????2.7	??99?99?97	????98?70?59
??K	Do not bleach 81.61	Do not bleach 9.07	????4	??5	??0.25	????0.07	????58	????0.4	?11.7/6.8	????1.4	????9.6	????3	????174	????2.4	??99?99?98	????98?92?84
																	??L	Do not bleach 81.61	Do not bleach 9.07	????4	??5	??0.25	????0.07	????50	????0.4	?11.7/6.8	????1.4	????9.6	????4	????232	????2.9	??99?99?99	????98?98?94

Table 3
											Design	Prescription			Buchner funnel water outlet filtering data
	Paper pulp	Carclazyte	Carbon	Filter paper to be measured	Total basic weight sq.ft.	Mean flow rate ml/900ml	Copper removal rate %
												Rise 1357
????G							????99.9	????0	????0	????3						????171	????2.1	????86	????33
	????J	????95.7	????4	????0	????3	????174					????2.3	????97	????41
????K							????90.7	????4	????5	????3						????174	????2.2	????97	????40	????7
????G							????99.9	????0	????0	????5						????285	????2.3	????82	????32
	????J	????96.7	????4	????0	????5	????290					????3.7	????100	????67	????30
????K							????90.7	????4	????5	????5						????290	????3.9	????100	????86	????31
????K							????90.7	????4	????5	????8						????464	????6.1	????92	????93	????66	????21
																		Deironing rate %
	Rise 13
					????K								????3	????174	????2.2			????98	????96

Table 4
													Write by hand experiment paper	Batching prescription %						Individual layer physical testing performance	Buchner funnel water outlet filtering data
Paper pulp		Carclazyte	Carbon	Wet strong auxiliary agent	Retain auxiliary agent	Basic weight lb/3000 sp.ft.	Total number of plies of filter paper to be measured	Total basic weight wt.% lb/3000 sq.ft.	Mean flow rate Min/900 ml	Clearance %
												Cork		Hardwood	Plumbous	Chlorine
????M	0									Bleaching 100	????0						????0	????0	????0	????102	????1	????102	????4.1	99?82?50	17?7?5
????N	0									Bleaching 90	????10						????0	????0	????0	????112	????1	????112	????3.7	95?94?76	24?7?5
????O	0									Bleaching 99	????0						????0	????1	????0	????102	????1	????102	????5.2	97?88?17	99?29?19
????P	0									Bleaching 100	????0						????0	????0	????0	????102	????1	????102	????4.2	97?97?93	99?39?20
????Q	Do not bleach 100									??0	????0						????0	????0	????0	????100	????1	????100	????0.7	84?77?67	69?25?15
????R	Do not bleach 100									??0	????0						????0	????0	????0	????200	????1	????200	????3.0	98?98?97	99?71?52
????S	Do not bleach 100									??0	????0						????0	????0	????0	????175	????1	????175	????1.6	97?68?56	49?13?11

Claims (167)

1. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. distribute in the described filter paper layers about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

C. about 98% (weight) to the paper pulp between 60% (weight).

2. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described paper pulp is unbleached kraft pulp.

3. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, describedly removes halogen and the organic impurities additive is a granular activated charcoal.

4. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the granularity of described granular activated charcoal is at least about 90% by one 100 purpose USS screen clothes, and about 60% by one 325 purpose USS screen clothes.

5. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described remove metallic addition be selected from by aluminium-silicon zeolite and chemical general formula for (Mg, Al) ₅Si ₈O ₂₂(OH) ₄4H ₂The material that the carclazyte of the natural formation of O is formed.

6. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the described metallic addition that removes is to be selected from one group of material being made up of fibrous atlapulgite (attapulgite), palygorskite, imvite, dioctahedral smectite and bleaching earth.

7. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the Kappa value of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50.

8. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between 0.5microns and 50microns.

9. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the CSF value of described filter paper layers is at least about 400ml.

10. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

11. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution.

12. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

13. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

14. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds in paper-making process that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system.

15. a combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 1 is adhered to the multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on one deck other composite filter as claimed in claim 1 at least with formation.

16. multilayer filter paper as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

17. a combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 1 is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

18. multilayer filter paper as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, described each filter course has a neighboring, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

19. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the activated carbon between 20% (weight), its size is at least about 90% by one 100 purpose USS screen clothes, about 60% by one 325 purpose USS screen clothes;

B. be distributed in the whole described filter paper layers about 2% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 10% (weight), it is described that to remove metallic addition be to be selected from one group of material being made up of fibrous atlapulgite (attapulgite), palygorskite, imvite, dioctahedral smectite and bleaching earth; And

C. about 98% (weight) to the not bleached kraft pulp between 60% (weight), wherein, the Kappa value of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50, and described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between 0.5microns and 50microns, and the CSF value is at least about 400ml.

20. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight); And

B. about 99% (weight) to the paper pulp between 80% (weight).

21. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that, described paper pulp is unbleached kraft pulp.

22. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, describedly removes halogen and the organic impurities additive is granular activated carbon.

23. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, the granularity of described granular activated charcoal is at least about 90% by one 100 purpose USS screen clothes, and about 60% by one 325 purpose USS screen clothes.

24. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, the Kappa quantity of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50.

25. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between 0.5microns and 50microns.

26. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, the CSF value of described filter paper layers is at least about 400ml.

27. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, also comprises about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

28. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution.

29. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, also comprises the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the bifunctional polymerizable between 0.15% (weight).

30. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

31. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds in paper-making process that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system.

32. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 21 is adhered to the multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 21 with formation.

33. multilayer filter paper as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

34. a combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 21 is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

35. multilayer filter paper as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that, described each filter course has a neighboring, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

36. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the granular activated charcoal between 20% (weight), its granularity is at least about 90% can pass one 100 purpose USS screen clothes, about 60% can pass one 325 purpose USS screen clothes;

B. about 98% (weight) to the unbleached kraft pulp between 60% (weight), the Kappa value of wherein said paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50, described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between paper 0.5microns and 50microns, and the CSF value is at least about 400ml.

37. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

B. about 99% (weight) to the paper pulp between 80% (weight).

38. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 37 is characterized in that, described paper pulp is unbleached kraft pulp.

39. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described remove metallic addition be selected from by aluminium-silicon zeolite and chemical general formula for (Mg, Al) ₅Si ₈O ₂₂(OH) ₄4H ₂The material that the carclazyte of the natural formation of O is formed.

40. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38, it is characterized in that the described metallic addition that removes is to be selected from one group of material being made up of fibrous atlapulgite (attapulgite), palygorskite, imvite, dioctahedral smectite and bleaching earth.

41. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, the Kappa value of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50.

42. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between 0.5microns and 50microns.

43. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, the CSF value of described filter paper layers is at least about 400ml.5% (weight) is to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

44. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, also comprises about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5 (weight).

45. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution.

46. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, also comprises the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

47. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anion component of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

48. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that, it is to add in paper-making process with poly-quaternary amine chloride with in the form of the binary mixture of acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system.

49. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 38 is adhered to the multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 38 with formation.

50. multilayer filter paper as claimed in claim 49 is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

51. a combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 38 is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

52. multilayer filter paper as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described each filter course has a neighboring, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

53. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. be distributed in the whole described filter paper layers about 2% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 10% (weight), it is described that to remove metallic addition be to be selected from one group of material being made up of fibrous atlapulgite (attapulgite), palygorskite, imvite, dioctahedral smectite and bleaching earth; And

B. about 98% (weight) to the paper pulp between 60% (weight), the Kappa value of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50, described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between 0.5microns and 50microns, the CSF value is at least about 400ml.

54. a filter paper layers of being made by unbleached kraft pulp, the Kappa value of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50, and described filter paper layers pore-size distribution is between 0.5microns and 50microns, and the CSF value is at least about 400ml.

55., be used for removing the chlorine of dissolving from drinking water as the filter paper layers of claim 54.

56., be used for removing plumbous from drinking water as the filter paper layers of claim 54.

57., be used for removing from drinking water simultaneously the chlorine and the lead of dissolving as the filter paper layers of claim 54.

58.. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

C. about 98% (weight) to the not bleached softwood kraft between 60% (weight) slurry and bleached hardwood kraft slurry binary mixture not, the Kappa value of wherein said binary mixture is controlled between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

59. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 58 is characterized in that, also comprises about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

60. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that, described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution.

61. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 59 is characterized in that, also comprises the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

62. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), peace treaty is retained the cationic moiety of adjuvant system less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

63. combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 62 is characterized in that, it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds in paper-making process that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system.

64. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 58 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 58 with formation.

65., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 64, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

66. a combined type filter paper layers as claimed in claim 58 is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

67., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described multilayer filter paper of claim 66, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

68. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. about 99% (weight) to the not bleached softwood kraft between 80% (weight) slurry and bleached hardwood kraft slurry binary mixture not, the Kappa value of wherein said binary mixture is controlled between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

69. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 68, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

70., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 69.

71. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 69, it is characterized in that, also comprise the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the bifunctional polymerizable between 0.15% (weight).

72. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 68, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

73. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 72, it is characterized in that, described double focusing compound retain adjuvant system be with poly-quaternary amine chloride and in water the form of the binary mixture of the acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion of emulsification in paper-making process, add.

74. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 68 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 68 with formation.

75., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 74, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

76. one kind as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 68, is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

77., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described multilayer filter paper of claim 76, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

78. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

B. about 99% (weight) to the not bleached softwood kraft between 80% (weight) slurry and bleached hardwood kraft slurry binary mixture not, the Kappa value numerical control of wherein said binary mixture is between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

79. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 78, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

80., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 79.

81. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 79, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

82. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 78, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

83., it is characterized in that it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 82 in paper-making process.

84. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 78 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 78 with formation.

85., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 84, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

86. one kind as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 78, is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

87., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 86, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

88. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight);

C. about 98% (weight) to the paper pulp between 60% (weight), comprise a kind of in softwood pulp, hardwood paper and the eucalyptus pulps at least, the average Kappa value of wherein said paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

89. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 88, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

90., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 89.

91. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 89, it is characterized in that, comprise that also percentage by weight is greatly about the anionicsite of 0.05% (weight) to the retention of the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight) adjuvant system.

92. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 88, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

93., it is characterized in that it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 92 in paper-making process.

94. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 88 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 88 with formation.

95., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 94, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

96. one kind as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 88, is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

97., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described multilayer filter paper of claim 96, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

98. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. about 99% (weight) to the paper pulp between 80% (weight), comprise a kind of in softwood pulp, bardwood pulp and the eucalyptus pulps at least, the average Kappa value of wherein said paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

99. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 98, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

100., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 99.

101. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 99, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

102. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 98, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

103., it is characterized in that it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 102 in paper-making process.

104. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 98 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 98 with formation.

105., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 104, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

106. one kind is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 98.

107., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described multilayer filter paper of claim 106, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

108. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. about 99% (weight) to the paper pulp between 80% (weight), comprise a kind of in softwood pulp, bardwood pulp and the eucalyptus pulps at least, the average Kappa value of wherein said paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

109. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 108, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

110., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 109.

111. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 109, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

112. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 108, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

113., it is characterized in that it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 112 in paper-making process.

114. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 108 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 108 with formation.

115., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 114, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

116. one kind as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 108, is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses.

117., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described multilayer filter paper of claim 116, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

118. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to the filament expansion agent between 50% (weight); And

B. about 99% (weight) to the paper pulp between 50% (weight), comprise a kind of in softwood pulp, bardwood pulp and the eucalyptus pulps at least, the average Kappa value of wherein said paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50; And be used to provide and have the filter course of pore-size distribution between 0.5microns and 50microns.

119. a combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight); And

B. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about the remove metallic addition of 1% (weight) to 20% (weight); And

C. about 98% (weight) to the unbleached ox-hide bardwood pulp paper pulp between 60% (weight).

120. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 119, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

121., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 120.

122. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 120, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

123. as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 118, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

124., it is characterized in that it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 123 in paper-making process.

125. the combined type filter paper layers as claim 118 is adhered to the filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses on other composite filter of one deck at least such as claim 118 with formation.

126., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described filter paper of claim 125, described multilayer only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

127. one kind is adhered on the other different filter course of one deck at least to form a multilayer filter paper that comprises a plurality of filter courses as the described combined type filter paper layers of claim 118.

128., it is characterized in that described each filter course has a neighboring as the described multilayer filter paper of claim 127, and described a plurality of filter course only is bonded together by machine printed on described neighboring.

129. a filter paper has by machine printed and is pressed onto the upstream filtering layer of being made by CTMP paper pulp on one deck downstream layer at least, this downstream layer comprises:

A. in whole described downstream layer, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. about 99% (weight) to the not bleached kraft pulp between 80% (weight).

130. one kind have microbe killing properties can multilayer filter paper, comprise the upstream layer that is impregnated with antiseptic and at least one deck be applicable to the downstream layer of removing described antiseptic.

131. one kind have microbe killing properties can multilayer filter paper, comprise the upstream layer that is impregnated with antiseptic and one deck downstream layer at least, this downstream layer comprises:

A. in whole described downstream layer, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. about 99% (weight) to the not bleached kraft pulp between 80% (weight).

132. as the described filter paper of claim 131, it is characterized in that, described antiseptic with chlorine as basis.

133., it is characterized in that described antiseptic is a calcium hypochlorite as the described filter paper of claim 131.

134. a method of making the combined type filter paper layers comprises step:

A. at first paper pulp is stirred in starch dispensing machine to form pulp mixture;

B. described pulp mixture is pumped in the flow box of paper machine;

C. make water and remove the pumpable thin pulp of halogen, organic impurities additive;

D. continuously described pumpable thin pulp is joined in the described flow box again; And

E. on a wet type paper machine, make a combined type filter paper layers by described pulp mixture and described pumpable thin pulp.

135., also comprise step as the described method of claim 134:

F. pack the combined type filter paper layers hermetically with secluding air.

136. a method of making the combined type filter paper layers comprises step:

A. at first paper pulp and wet strong auxiliary agent are stirred in starch dispensing machine to form pulp mixture;

B. described pulp mixture is pumped in the flow box of paper machine;

C. make water and remove the pumpable thin pulp of halogen, organic impurities additive;

D. continuously described pumpable thin pulp is joined in the described flow box again; And

E. on a wet type paper machine, make a combined type filter paper layers by described pulp mixture and described pumpable thin pulp.

137. a method of making the combined type filter paper layers comprises step:

A. at first paper pulp and retention adjuvant system are stirred in starch dispensing machine to form pulp mixture;

B. described pulp mixture is pumped in the flow box of paper machine;

C. make water and remove the pumpable thin pulp of halogen, organic impurities additive;

D. continuously described pumpable thin pulp is joined in the described flow box again; And

E. on a wet type paper machine, make a combined type filter paper layers by described pulp mixture and described pumpable thin pulp.

138. one kind is adopted the improved wet type paper machine of razor blade scraper to have the combined type filter paper layers of one or more granular solids additives with production, described improvement comprises and reduces to described razor blade scraper quantity about half of common quantity or still less.

139., it is characterized in that the angle between razor blade scraper and the processed combined type filter paper layers is approximately 2 ° as the described improved paper machine of claim 138.

140. from a kind of fluid, remove the method for impurity, comprise making described fluid that described filter paper comprises by a filter paper:

A. in whole described filter paper, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. in whole described filter paper, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

C. the paper pulp between 98% (weight) and 60% (weight).

141. from a kind of fluid, remove the method for impurity, comprise making described fluid that described filter paper comprises by a filter paper:

A. in whole described filter paper, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. the paper pulp between 98% (weight) and 60% (weight).

142. from a kind of fluid, remove the method for impurity, comprise making described fluid that described filter paper comprises by a filter paper:

A. in whole described filter paper, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

B. the paper pulp between 99% (weight) and 80% (weight).

Comprise and make described fluid that described filter paper comprises 143. from a kind of fluid, remove the method for impurity by a filter paper:

A. in whole described filter paper, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight);

B. in whole described filter paper, distribute about 1% (weight) to the metallic addition that removes between 20% (weight); And

C. the ox-hide bardwood pulp of the bleaching between 98% (weight) and 60% (weight).

144. a method of removing the dissolving halogen from impure water comprises making the described impure filter paper of water by being made by bleaching ox-hide bardwood pulp basically.

145. a method of removing dissolution of metals from impure water comprises making the described impure filter paper of water by being made by bleaching ox-hide bardwood pulp basically.

146. a method of removing the dissolving organic impurities from impure water comprises making the described impure filter paper of water by being made by bleaching ox-hide bardwood pulp basically.

147. a method of removing dissolving halogen and metal cation from impure water simultaneously comprises making the described impure filter paper of water by being made by bleaching ox-hide bardwood pulp basically.

148. a method of removing the dissolving halogen from impure water comprises making described impure water by basically by not bleaching the filter paper that the ox-hide softwood pulp is made.

149. from impure water, remove the cationic method of dissolution of metals and comprise and make described impure water by basically by not bleaching the filter paper that the ox-hide softwood pulp is made for one kind.

150. a method of removing the dissolving organic impurities from impure water comprises making described impure water by basically by not bleaching the filter paper that the ox-hide softwood pulp is made.

151. a method of removing dissolving halogen and metal cation from impure water simultaneously comprises making described impure water by basically by not bleaching the filter paper that the ox-hide softwood pulp is made.

152. a method of killing and wounding the bacterium in the impure water comprises with chloride bactericide and handles described impure water, then the filter paper by being made by bleaching ox-hide softwood pulp basically.

153. a method of killing and wounding the bacterium in the impure water comprises with chloride bactericide and handles described impure water, filter described treated water by a combined type filter paper layers then, this combined type filter paper layers comprises:

A. in whole described filter paper layers, distribute about 1% (weight) to removing halogen and organic impurities additive between 20% (weight); And

B. paper pulp between 99% (weight) and 80% (weight).

154., it is characterized in that described paper pulp is unbleached kraft pulp as the described method of claim 153.

155. as the described method of claim 153, it is characterized in that, describedly remove halogen and the organic impurities additive is a granular activated charcoal.

156., it is characterized in that the granularity of described granular activated charcoal has been at least about 90% (weight) by one 100 purpose screen clothes as the described method of claim 155, at least about 60% (weight) being arranged by one 325 purpose screen clothes.

157., it is characterized in that the Kappa value of described paper pulp is controlled between about 10 to 50 as the described method of claim 153.

158., it is characterized in that the pore-size distribution of described filter paper layers is about between 0.5microns and the 50mincrons as the described method of claim 153.

159., it is characterized in that the CSF value of described filter paper layers is at least about 400ml as the described method of claim 153.

160. as the described method of claim 153, it is characterized in that, also comprise about 0.25% (weight) to the wet strong auxiliary agent between 0.5% (weight).

161., it is characterized in that described wet strong auxiliary agent adds in paper-making process with the form of the diethylenetriamines adipic acid polyamine epoxy material aqueous solution as the described method of claim 153.

162. as the described method of claim 153, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight).

163. as the described method of claim 153, it is characterized in that, also comprise the anionicsite of retaining adjuvant system about 0.05% (weight) to the double focusing compound between 0.15% (weight), and the cationic moiety of retaining adjuvant system approximately less than the double focusing compound of 0.15% (weight).

164., it is characterized in that it is that form with the binary mixture of poly-quaternary amine chloride and acrylamide and acrylic acid salt copolymer aqueous emulsion adds that described double focusing compound is retained adjuvant system as the described method of claim 163 in paper-making process.

165. a filter course comprises the bardwood pulp's filter course that has added flavouring agent.

166. as claim 1,20,37,54,58,68,78,88,98,108,119 or 129 described filter courses is characterized in that, also comprise a flavouring agent.

167. as claim 1,20,37,54,58,68,78,88,98,108,119 or 129 described filter courses is characterized in that, described filter course is made for the reel of the eyelet with set a distance so that individual filter paper of tearing is done disposable use.