CN117855880A - Substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna - Google Patents
Substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna. The array antenna includes: the unit array medium substrate, the I-shaped feed network medium substrate and the bottom feed network medium substrate are stacked; the cell array medium substrate comprises a plurality of substrate integrated cavity cells which are arranged in an array manner, wherein each substrate integrated cavity cell comprises a substrate integrated cavity and a super-surface structure positioned at the center of the caliber surface of the substrate integrated cavity, and each super-surface structure comprises a plurality of rectangular metal patches which are periodically arranged at intervals; the I-shaped feed network medium substrate comprises a plurality of I-shaped feed network units and feeds the substrate integrated cavity units; the bottom feed network dielectric substrate feeds energy to the plurality of I-shaped feed network units. The combination of the basic mode of the super-surface structure and the high-order mode of the substrate integrated cavity expands the comprehensive bandwidth of the antenna and realizes the design of the broadband high-gain antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna.
Background
The antenna is used as the front end of the wireless communication system and is responsible for receiving and transmitting signals in the communication system, so the performance of the antenna largely determines the overall performance of the system. With the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the requirements on the performance of the antenna are also increasing, and particularly, in order to overcome the attenuation problem of signals in the air during long-distance wireless communication, the antenna is highly required to have the characteristics of wide frequency band, high gain and the like.
The substrate integrated cavity antenna is used as one of the substrate integrated waveguide antennas, and has the advantages of high gain, low profile, effective surface wave inhibition, easy integration and the like compared with other antenna structures. In the past, researches on substrate integrated cavity antennas are mainly focused on improving caliber efficiency, and high-gain linear polarization and circular polarization radiation are realized by introducing parasitic patches with different shapes and arrangement rules on caliber surfaces. However, the electric field distribution on the aperture plane limits the bandwidth of the antenna, which to some extent restricts the application of the antenna in the field of communication. In recent years, the super-surface structure has been paid attention to widely by researchers, and the super-surface is adopted as a radiator to realize the design of a broadband antenna, but high gain is difficult to realize.
In summary, when the substrate integrated cavity antenna in the prior art improves caliber efficiency to realize high-gain linear polarization and circular polarization radiation, the problem of bandwidth limitation exists, and when a single super-surface is adopted as a radiator to realize broadband antenna design, the problem of difficulty in realizing high gain exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the related art, the invention aims to provide a substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna, which aims to solve the problem that bandwidth is limited when aperture efficiency is improved in the substrate integrated cavity antenna in the prior art, and the problem that high gain is difficult to achieve when a single super-surface is adopted as a radiator to expand bandwidth.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a substrate integrated cavity super surface array antenna, comprising: the unit array medium substrate, the I-shaped feed network medium substrate and the bottom feed network medium substrate are stacked;
the unit array medium substrate comprises a plurality of substrate integrated cavity units which are arranged in an array manner, wherein each substrate integrated cavity unit comprises a substrate integrated cavity surrounded by metal through holes and a super-surface structure positioned at the center of the caliber surface of each substrate integrated cavity, and each super-surface structure comprises a plurality of rectangular metal patches which are periodically arranged at intervals;
the I-shaped feed network medium substrate comprises a plurality of I-shaped feed network units, wherein the I-shaped feed network units are surrounded by first substrate integrated waveguides formed by metal through holes, and the first substrate integrated waveguides are used for feeding the substrate integrated cavity units;
the bottom feed network dielectric substrate comprises a second substrate integrated waveguide surrounded by metal through holes, and the second substrate integrated waveguide is used for feeding energy to a plurality of I-shaped feed network units;
under low frequency, the super-surface structure is used as a main radiator and works in a fundamental mode; under high frequency, the substrate integrated cavity is used as a main radiator, and works in a high-order mode, and the super-surface structure is used for changing the high-order mode distribution of the substrate integrated cavity so that the maximum radiation direction of the super-surface structure is along the normal direction of the substrate integrated cavity; wherein the resonant frequencies corresponding to the two working modes are not coincident.
Optionally, a diagonal line of the rectangular metal patch in the super-surface structure forms an angle of 45 degrees with a caliber surface-to-surface angle line of the substrate integrated cavity.
Optionally, a row of metal through holes is shared between adjacent substrate integrated cavities on the unit array dielectric substrate.
Optionally, the cell array dielectric substrate, the i-shaped feed network dielectric substrate and the bottom feed network dielectric substrate all comprise an upper metal layer positioned on the upper surface and a lower metal layer positioned on the lower surface;
the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated cavity unit and the upper metal layer of the I-shaped feed network unit are correspondingly provided with first feed gaps which are attached to each other, and the first feed gaps are used for feeding the energy of the I-shaped feed network unit into the substrate integrated cavity unit;
and the lower metal layer of the I-shaped feed network unit and the upper metal layer of the second integrated waveguide are correspondingly provided with a second feed gap which is attached to each other, and the second feed gap is used for feeding the energy of the second substrate integrated waveguide to the I-shaped feed network unit.
Optionally, a first feed gap is arranged at the center of the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated cavity unit; four waveguide longitudinal slits are formed at the tail end of the I-shaped waveguide of the I-shaped feed network unit and serve as first feed slits, and four first feed slits are formed in upper metal of one I-shaped feed network unit.
Optionally, a second feed gap is arranged on the lower metal layer of one I-shaped feed network unit; the tail ends of the power division structures of the bottom feed network medium substrates are respectively provided with a waveguide longitudinal slit which is used as a second feed slit, and four second feed slits are arranged on upper metal of one second integrated waveguide.
Optionally, the long side of the second feed slot in the i-shaped feed network unit is parallel to the propagation direction of the adjacent waveguide; the long side of the first feed slot in the I-shaped feed network unit is parallel to the propagation direction of the adjacent waveguide; the antenna is impedance matched by adjusting the distance between the first feed slot and the second feed slot and the waveguide wall.
Optionally, the first substrate integrated waveguide and the second substrate integrated waveguide further include a plurality of impedance adjusting through holes and a plurality of offset waveguides;
the impedance adjusting through hole and the offset waveguide are used for adjusting impedance matching.
Optionally, the substrate integrated cavity is a rectangular cavity.
Optionally, the lower metal layer of the bottom feed network dielectric substrate includes a coplanar waveguide switching structure for feeding energy into the second substrate integrated waveguide.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna, which comprises a unit array medium substrate, an I-shaped feed network medium substrate and a bottom feed network medium substrate, wherein the unit array medium substrate comprises a plurality of substrate integrated cavity units which are arranged in an array manner; by adding the super-surface structure on the aperture surface of the substrate integration cavity, an additional radiation mode is introduced at low frequency, the working bandwidth is improved, meanwhile, the field distribution of the high-order mode radiation mode of the substrate integration cavity is regulated and controlled through the super-surface structure at high frequency, the rectangular metal patch cuts off the reverse magnetic flow on the aperture surface of the substrate integration cavity, and the high-order mode distribution of the substrate integration cavity is changed, so that the maximum radiation direction of the high-order mode distribution is along the normal direction of the substrate integration cavity; by combining the two radiation modes, the bandwidth of the antenna is effectively expanded. Under low frequency, the super surface of the substrate integrated cavity unit, the feed gap and the substrate integrated cavity form a super surface radiation mode of back cavity gap coupling feed, and compared with the traditional super surface antenna, the gain is effectively improved, and the mutual coupling among array elements in array arrangement is reduced; meanwhile, the substrate integrated cavity works in a high-order mode, and the radiation aperture face is larger, so that the substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna can obtain higher gain compared with the traditional substrate integrated cavity array antenna. The two high-gain radiation modes can ensure that the antenna can obtain better radiation effect under a wide frequency band, and the resonant frequencies of the two modes are effectively separated by reasonably designing the sizes of the ultra-surface unit and the cavity, so that the wide-band high-gain radiation of the antenna is realized.
2. The invention provides a super-surface array antenna of a substrate integrated cavity, wherein the diagonal line of a rectangular metal patch in a surface structure and the caliber surface-to-angle line of the substrate integrated cavity form 45 degrees, so that the electric length of induced current on the super-surface structure is increased under the same size, the size of the super-surface structure is reduced, and the shielding of an electric field on the caliber surface under high frequency is reduced.
3. The invention provides a super-surface array antenna of a substrate integrated cavity, wherein a row of metal through holes are shared between adjacent substrate integrated cavities on a unit array medium substrate, so that the minimum array distance is realized, the size of an array surface is effectively reduced, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a dielectric substrate of a cell array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of an i-shaped feeding network dielectric substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of an underlying feed network dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of return loss and gain curves of a substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the above figures, 1, unit array dielectric substrate, 2, i-shaped feed network dielectric substrate, 3, bottom feed network dielectric substrate, 10, substrate integrated cavity unit, 101, substrate integrated cavity, 102, super surface structure, 103, rectangular metal patch, 104, 2×2 antenna sub-array, 20, i-shaped feed network unit, 201, first feed slot, 202, first impedance adjustment through hole, 203, first substrate integrated waveguide, 204, second impedance adjustment through hole, 205, offset waveguide of i-shaped waist, 206, other impedance adjustment through hole, 207, offset waveguide of i-shaped upper half and lower half, 301, second feed slot, 302, third impedance adjustment through hole, 303, fourth impedance adjustment through hole, 304 second substrate integrated waveguide, 305, coplanar waveguide switching structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The description of the contents of the above embodiment will be given below in connection with a preferred embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a substrate integrated cavity super surface array antenna, comprising: the unit array dielectric substrate 1, the I-shaped feed network dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom feed network dielectric substrate 3 are stacked;
the unit array medium substrate 1 comprises a plurality of substrate integrated cavity units 10 which are arranged in an array manner, wherein the substrate integrated cavity units 10 comprise a substrate integrated cavity 101 which is surrounded by metal through holes and a super-surface structure 102 which is positioned at the center of the caliber surface of the substrate integrated cavity 101, and the super-surface structure 102 comprises a plurality of rectangular metal patches 103 which are periodically arranged at intervals;
the i-shaped feed network dielectric substrate 2 comprises a plurality of i-shaped feed network units 20, wherein the i-shaped feed network units 20 are surrounded by first substrate integrated waveguides 203 formed by metal through holes, and the first substrate integrated waveguides 203 are used for feeding a plurality of substrate integrated cavity units 10;
the bottom feeding network dielectric substrate 3 includes a second substrate integrated waveguide 304 surrounded by metal through holes, and the second substrate integrated waveguide 304 is used for feeding energy to the plurality of the i-shaped feeding network units 20;
at low frequencies, the subsurface structure 102 acts as a primary radiator, operating in a fundamental mode; under high frequency, the substrate integrated cavity 101 is used as a main radiator, and works in a high-order mode, and the super surface structure 102 is used for changing the high-order mode distribution of the substrate integrated cavity 101 so that the maximum radiation direction of the super surface structure is along the normal direction of the substrate integrated cavity 101; wherein the resonant frequencies corresponding to the two working modes are not coincident.
The substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna is formed by arranging a plurality of substrate integrated cavity units 10 in an array manner; the substrate integrated cavity 101 and the super surface structure 102 are combined in each substrate integrated cavity unit 10, and the design of the broadband high-gain antenna is realized by utilizing the multimode resonance theory, so that the method is suitable for scenes with different frequencies. Meanwhile, the second substrate integrated waveguide 304 feeds energy to the plurality of i-shaped feed network units 20 by adopting a one-to-many energy feed mode, and the i-shaped feed network units 20 feed energy to the plurality of substrate integrated cavity units 10.
At low frequencies, the subsurface structure 102 acts as the primary radiator, operating in the fundamental mode TM 10 In the mode; in a high frequency environment, the substrate integrated cavity 101 acts as a primary radiator, operating at TM 211 In this mode, the super surface structure 102 changes the higher order mode distribution of the substrate integration cavity 101 so that the maximum radiation direction of the super surface structure is along the normal direction of the substrate integration cavity 101, specifically, the rectangular metal patch 103 in the super surface structure 102 cuts off the reverse magnetic flow on the aperture surface of the substrate integration cavity 101, and changes the higher order mode distribution of the substrate integration cavity 101 so that the maximum radiation direction of the super surface structure is along the normal direction of the substrate integration cavity 101. On the one hand, the energy resonates in the substrate-integrated cavity 101 and forms a higher-order mode radiation pattern, and the super-surface structure 102 adjusts the field distribution of the higher-order mode in the substrate-integrated cavity 101, while on the other hand, the super-surface structure 102 is composed of rectangular metal patches 103, and also introduces the basic-mode radiation pattern of the rectangular metal patches 103 as a radiator. The arrangement of the rectangular metal patches 103 in the super-surface structure 102 and the shape of the formed super-surface structure 102 are not limited, and the super-surface structure formed by the periodically arranged rectangular metal patches 103102 are located at the center of the aperture surface of the substrate integration chamber 101.
Since the higher-order mode resonant frequency of the substrate integration cavity 101 is not coincident with the fundamental mode resonant frequency of the super surface structure 102, the space between the higher-order mode resonant frequency and the fundamental mode resonant frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the super surface structure 13 and the substrate integration cavity 11, so as to realize the effect of expanding the broadband. Since the substrate integration cavity 101 operates at a high frequency, the radiation aperture surface of the substrate integration cavity 101 is larger than that in the fundamental mode, and thus a higher gain can be obtained. Therefore, by reasonably designing the sizes of the super surface structure 102 and the substrate integrated cavity 101, the resonance frequencies of the two modes are effectively separated, and broadband high-gain radiation is realized.
By adding the super-surface structure on the aperture surface of the substrate integrated cavity, the super-surface structure not only works as a main radiator at low frequency, but also regulates and controls the field distribution of the high-order mode radiation mode of the substrate integrated cavity at high frequency, and by combining the two radiation modes, the bandwidth of the antenna is effectively expanded. By reasonably designing the size of the integrated cavity of the super-surface structure and the substrate, the effect of expanding the bandwidth of the antenna and simultaneously obtaining high-gain radiation is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2, alternatively, rectangular metal patches 103 are arranged in a 3×3 array periodically, and a metal patch is additionally introduced at each of four corners to form a super-surface structure 102 for enlarging the caliber of the super-surface structure. The diagonal of the rectangular metal patch 103 in the super surface structure is 45 ° to the aperture facing angle of the substrate integration cavity 101.
The shape of the super surface structure 102 may be rectangular, circular, or other irregular shapes, for example, as shown in fig. 2, the diagonal line of the rectangular metal patch 103 and the caliber facing angle line of the substrate integrated cavity 101 form 45 degrees, and the rectangular metal patches 103 are respectively arranged along two diagonal lines of the upper surface of the substrate integrated cavity 101 to determine a rectangular range corresponding to the super surface structure 102, and a plurality of rectangular metal patches 103 are periodically arranged at intervals within the rectangular range, so as to finally form the super surface structure 102 as shown in the figure. When the super surface structure 102 transmits current, the current is transmitted along the diagonal line of the rectangular metal patch 103, so that the path length of the current on the super surface structure 102 can be increased, and meanwhile, the size of the super surface structure is reduced and the shielding of an electric field on the aperture surface of the substrate integrated cavity 101 at high frequency is reduced under the same current path length.
With continued reference to fig. 2, a row of metal vias is shared between adjacent substrate-integrated cavities 101 on the cell array dielectric substrate 1. The method realizes the minimization of the array space, effectively reduces the size of the array surface and reduces the processing difficulty.
Furthermore, the substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna comprises a unit array dielectric substrate, an I-shaped feed network dielectric substrate and a bottom feed network dielectric substrate which are sequentially and tightly stacked, wherein the bottom feed network dielectric substrate comprises a coplanar waveguide switching structure, external energy is fed into the bottom feed network dielectric substrate, then the energy is transmitted to the I-shaped feed network dielectric substrate through a feed gap, and the I-shaped feed network dielectric substrate transmits the energy into the unit array dielectric substrate through the feed gap; the one-to-many energy feed is realized in the dielectric substrate by the power dividing structure and the number of feed gaps.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, 3 and 4, the unit array dielectric substrate 1, the i-shaped feeding network dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom feeding network dielectric substrate 3 each include an upper metal layer on the upper surface and a lower metal layer on the lower surface;
a first feeding gap 201 is correspondingly formed between the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated cavity unit 10 and the upper metal layer of the i-shaped feeding network unit 20, and the first feeding gap 201 is used for feeding the energy of the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 to the substrate integrated cavity unit 10;
the lower metal layer of the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 and the upper metal layer of the second integrated waveguide 304 are correspondingly provided with a second feeding slot 301, and the second feeding slot 301 is used for feeding energy of the second substrate integrated waveguide 301 (the bottom feeding network dielectric substrate 3) to the i-shaped feeding network unit 20.
Wherein, a first feed gap 201 is arranged at the center of the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated cavity unit 10; four waveguide longitudinal slits are formed at the end of the i-shaped waveguide of the i-shaped feed network unit 20, and four first feed slits 201 are formed in the upper metal layer of one i-shaped feed network unit 20 as the first feed slits 201. A second feed slot 301 is provided in the lower metal of one of said i-shaped feed network units 20; the end of the power division structure of the bottom feed network dielectric substrate 3 is respectively provided with a waveguide longitudinal slit as a second feed slit 301, and four second feed slits 301 are arranged on the upper metal layer of one second integrated waveguide 304. The feed slit may be rectangular, i-shaped, butterfly-shaped, etc., and rectangular is preferably used in this embodiment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the "i" waveguide in the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 is used as a power division structure, two first feeding slits 201 in the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 are disposed at two sides of the lowest end of the upper half of the "i", and the other two first feeding slits 201 are disposed at two sides of the lowest end of the lower half of the "i"; a second feeding slit 301 in the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 is provided at one side of the "i-shaped" waist; the second feed slits 301 in two adjacent i-shaped feed network units 20 are located on different sides of the "i-shaped" waist, respectively.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the "i-shaped" waveguide in the second integrated waveguide 304 serves as a power division structure; four second feed slits 301 in the second integrated waveguide 304 are provided on both sides of the uppermost end of the upper half and on both sides of the lowermost end of the lower half of the "i" shape, respectively.
The structure forms a 1 st 4 th feeding structure of the I-shaped feeding network unit 20 to the substrate integrated cavity unit 10, and the bottom feeding network medium substrate 3 forms a 1 st 4 th feeding structure of the I-shaped feeding network unit 20; the design difficulty of the feed network is simplified in a limited space, the loss problem caused by a complex feed structure is avoided, and the broadband design of the feed network is effectively realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the long side of the second feeding slit 301 in the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 is parallel to the propagation direction of the adjacent waveguide; the first feeding slit 201 in the i-shaped feeding network unit 20 is attached to the central position of the lower surface of the substrate integrated cavity 10, and the long side of the first feeding slit is parallel to the propagation direction of the adjacent waveguide; by adjusting the distance between the first feed slot 201 and the second feed slot 301 and the waveguide wall, the antenna is impedance matched.
The first feeding slit 201 and the second feeding slit 301 have a certain distance from waveguide walls of the first substrate integrated waveguide 203 and the second substrate integrated waveguide 304, and the distance is adjusted so that the antenna can achieve impedance matching, the antenna is adjusted to achieve impedance matching, and the antenna is in a high-gain radiation mode.
Furthermore, under low frequency, the super-surface structure 102 of the substrate integrated cavity unit 10, the first feed slot 201 and the substrate integrated cavity 101 form a super-surface radiation mode of back cavity slot coupling feed, and compared with the traditional super-surface antenna, the gain is effectively improved, and the mutual coupling among array elements during array arrangement is reduced.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, optionally, the first substrate integrated waveguide 203 and the second substrate integrated waveguide 304 further include a plurality of impedance adjusting through holes and a plurality of offset waveguides;
the impedance adjusting through hole and the offset waveguide are used for adjusting impedance matching.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a first impedance adjusting through hole 202 is disposed on a side of the first feeding slit 201 away from the waveguide wall, a second impedance adjusting through hole 204 is disposed on a side of the second feeding slit 301 away from the waveguide wall, and other impedance adjusting through holes 206 are also disposed in the i-shaped feeding network unit 20. As shown in fig. 4, a third impedance adjusting through hole 302 is disposed at a side of the second feed slot 301 away from the waveguide wall, and three fourth impedance adjusting through holes 303 are disposed near the power division structure.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the middle position waveguides of the upper half and the lower half of the i-shaped waveguide in the i-shaped feed network unit 20 adopt an offset waveguide 207, and the offset direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the waveguide; the two sides of the waist of the I-shaped waveguide adopt offset waveguides 205, and the offset direction is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the waveguides. As shown in fig. 4, an offset waveguide is used on the waveguide of the power division structure of the second substrate integrated waveguide 304, and the offset direction is set according to the impedance adjustment requirement.
The position of the impedance adjusting through hole is changed, the distance between the feed gap and the waveguide is adjusted, the position and the offset direction of the offset waveguide are set, impedance matching is adjusted, the antenna is adjusted to be matched with the impedance, and the antenna is in a high-gain radiation mode.
The embodiment of the invention adopts a low-temperature co-firing ceramic process or a multilayer printed circuit board process.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-4, the bottom feeding network dielectric substrate 3 includes a power dividing structure for equally and in-phase distributing energy to four second feeding slits 301 to be coupled to the upper h-shaped feeding unit 20; the i-shaped feeding units 20 redistribute the energy coupled by the second feeding slits 301 to the four first feeding slits 202 through the power dividing structure to be coupled into the substrate integrated cavities 101 of the substrate integrated cavity units 10, each of the i-shaped feeding units 20 corresponds to four substrate integrated cavity units 10, and the four substrate integrated cavity units 10 constitute one 2×2 antenna sub-array 104.
Specifically, the substrate adopts TP-2 series composite boards, and the dielectric constant is 4.4. The thickness of the array layer dielectric substrate of the substrate integrated cavity unit 10 is 3.54mm, and the thicknesses of the I-shaped feed network dielectric substrate 2 and the bottom feed network dielectric substrate 3 are 1.54mm. The array layer medium substrate 1 of the substrate integrated cavity unit 10 comprises a substrate integrated cavity 101 surrounded by metal through holes and a super surface structure 102 positioned on the upper surface of the cavity; each metal through hole has a diameter of 1mm, and the center-to-center spacing between adjacent metal through holes is 1.5mm. The substrate-integrated cavity 101 is designed as a rectangular cavity with dimensions of 19mm x 3.54mm that enable the generation of a higher order resonant mode TM211 in the substrate-integrated cavity 101. The rectangular metal patch 103 is located at the center of the surface of the substrate integrated cavity 101, and the diagonal line and the caliber surface-to-corner line of the substrate integrated cavity 101 are arranged at 45 degrees to form the super-surface structure 102.
The i-shaped feed network dielectric substrate 2 includes an i-shaped feed network unit 20 composed of a substrate integrated waveguide, four first feed slits 201 at an upper surface, one second feed slit 301 at a lower surface, and a plurality of impedance adjusting through holes. The first substrate integrated waveguide 203 has a width of 11mm and is shorted by a row of metal vias at the ends of the slot. The first feed slot 201 on the upper surface has dimensions of 7.98mm x 0.56mm, the long side of which is parallel to the adjacent waveguide propagation direction and the cavity edge, and the slot is located in the center of the lower surface of the cavity. To achieve impedance matching, the first feed slot 201 is centered 3.47mm from the waveguide centerline and 5.32mm from the waveguide termination shorting via. The first impedance adjusting through-hole 202 is located at one side on the center line of the first feeding slit 201, 5.81mm from the slit. The distance of the lower surface second feed slit 301 from the center line of the waveguide is 5.49mm, and the second impedance adjusting through hole 204 is located on the upper side of the center line of the second feed slit 301 at a distance of 6.48mm from the second feed slit 301.
The bottom feed network layer dielectric substrate 3 comprises a substrate integrated waveguide 304 surrounded by metal through holes, four rectangular first feed gaps 301 positioned on the upper surface of the substrate integrated waveguide, a coplanar waveguide switching structure 305 positioned on the lower surface and a plurality of impedance adjusting through holes. The width of the substrate integrated waveguide is 11mm, and a row of metal through holes are short-circuited at the gap terminal. The dimensions of the second feeding slit 301 on the upper surface are 10.5mm×0.48mm, the long side of the second feeding slit is parallel to the propagation direction of the adjacent waveguide and the edge of the cavity, and in order to achieve impedance matching, the center of the second feeding slit 301 is offset from the center line of the waveguide by a distance of 4.68mm, and the distance from the short-circuit through hole of the waveguide terminal is 6.16mm. The third impedance adjusting through hole 302 is located on one side of the center line of the second feeding slit 301 at a distance of 7.44mm from the second feeding slit 301, and the fourth impedance adjusting through hole is located at a distance of 9.13mm from the one-side waveguide wall.
Fig. 5 shows the impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth of the substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna provided by the invention. As can be seen from the graph, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 7.90GHz-11.25GHz, and the relative impedance bandwidth reaches 35.0%. The maximum gain of the antenna is 20.12dBi, and the gain is more than 17dBi in the whole frequency band. Compared with the traditional substrate integrated cavity antenna, the invention has obvious improvement in gain and bandwidth. Therefore, the invention has wide application prospect in the fields of satellite communication, radar, radio frequency identification and the like.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A substrate integrated cavity super surface array antenna, comprising: the unit array medium substrate, the I-shaped feed network medium substrate and the bottom feed network medium substrate are stacked;
the unit array medium substrate comprises a plurality of substrate integrated cavity units which are arrayed, wherein each substrate integrated cavity unit comprises a substrate integrated cavity surrounded by metal through holes and a super-surface structure positioned at the center of the caliber surface of the substrate integrated cavity, and each super-surface structure comprises a plurality of rectangular metal patches which are periodically arranged at intervals;
the I-shaped feed network medium substrate comprises a plurality of I-shaped feed network units, wherein the I-shaped feed network units are surrounded by first substrate integrated waveguides formed by metal through holes, and the first substrate integrated waveguides are used for feeding the substrate integrated cavity units;
the bottom feed network dielectric substrate comprises a second substrate integrated waveguide surrounded by metal through holes, and the second substrate integrated waveguide is used for feeding energy to a plurality of I-shaped feed network units;
under low frequency, the super-surface structure is used as a main radiator and works in a fundamental mode; under high frequency, the substrate integrated cavity is used as a main radiator, and works in a high-order mode, and the super-surface structure is used for changing the high-order mode distribution of the substrate integrated cavity so that the maximum radiation direction of the super-surface structure is along the normal direction of the substrate integrated cavity; wherein the resonant frequencies corresponding to the two working modes are not coincident.
2. The substrate-integrated cavity supersurface array antenna of claim 1, wherein a diagonal of the rectangular metal patches in the supersurface structure is 45 ° from a caliber-facing angle of the substrate-integrated cavity.
3. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna of claim 1, wherein a row of metal through holes are shared between adjacent substrate-integrated cavities on said unit array dielectric substrate.
4. The substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna of claim 1, wherein said unit array dielectric substrate, i-shaped feed network dielectric substrate and bottom feed network dielectric substrate each comprise an upper metal layer on an upper surface and a lower metal layer on a lower surface;
the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated cavity unit and the upper metal layer of the I-shaped feed network unit are correspondingly provided with first feed gaps which are attached to each other, and the first feed gaps are used for feeding the energy of the I-shaped feed network unit into the substrate integrated cavity unit;
and the lower metal layer of the I-shaped feed network unit and the upper metal layer of the second integrated waveguide are correspondingly provided with a second feed gap which is attached to each other, and the second feed gap is used for feeding the energy of the second substrate integrated waveguide to the I-shaped feed network unit.
5. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein a first feed slot is provided at a central position of a lower metal layer of one of said substrate-integrated cavity units; four waveguide longitudinal slits are formed at the tail end of the I-shaped waveguide of the I-shaped feed network unit and serve as first feed slits, and four first feed slits are formed in upper metal of one I-shaped feed network unit.
6. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein a lower metal of one of said i-shaped feed network units is provided with a second feed slot; the tail ends of the power division structures of the bottom feed network medium substrates are respectively provided with a waveguide longitudinal slit which is used as a second feed slit, and four second feed slits are arranged on upper metal of one second integrated waveguide.
7. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein a long side of a second feed slot in said i-shaped feed network unit is parallel to a propagation direction of an adjacent waveguide; the long side of the first feed slot in the I-shaped feed network unit is parallel to the propagation direction of the adjacent waveguide; the antenna is impedance matched by adjusting the distance between the first feed slot and the second feed slot and the waveguide wall.
8. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna of claim 4, wherein said first substrate-integrated waveguide and said second substrate-integrated waveguide further comprise a plurality of impedance-tuning vias and a plurality of offset waveguides;
the impedance adjusting through hole and the offset waveguide are used for adjusting impedance matching.
9. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna of claim 1, wherein said substrate-integrated cavity is a rectangular cavity.
10. The substrate-integrated cavity super-surface array antenna of claim 1, wherein the lower metal layer of the bottom feed network dielectric substrate comprises a coplanar waveguide switching structure for feeding energy into the second substrate-integrated waveguide.
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| CN202410112860.8A CN117855880A (en) | 2024-01-26 | 2024-01-26 | Substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410112860.8A CN117855880A (en) | 2024-01-26 | 2024-01-26 | Substrate integrated cavity super-surface array antenna |
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