CN117845669A - Double-facula track surface performance enhancement method and enhancement device - Google Patents
Double-facula track surface performance enhancement method and enhancement device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for enhancing the surface performance of a double-facula track, wherein two laser facula comprising a first facula and a second facula are formed on the surface to be enhanced of the track; the first light spot and the second light spot are arranged along the length direction of the track to form a composite light spot; the first light spot and the second light spot are partially overlapped, and the overlapped part forms a working area on the surface to be reinforced; the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track, a non-overlapping part positioned in front of the operation area forms a preheating area on the surface to be reinforced, and a non-overlapping part positioned behind the operation area forms a slow cooling area on the surface to be reinforced; the preheating zone, the operation zone and the buffer zone of the composite light spot sequentially pass through and act on the surface to be reinforced to form a track reinforcing strip extending along the length direction of the track; the method has the advantages that the preheating, quenching and slow cooling are sequentially carried out, the generation of martensite is reduced, the quenching is more sufficient, and the surface performance of the track is stronger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a track performance enhancing method, in particular to a double-facula track surface performance enhancing method and device, wherein the track surface is treated by high-energy beams of laser, and the wear resistance of the track surface is improved.
Background
With the gradual development of high-speed rail and urban rail transit transportation modes to high speed and heavy load, the service conditions of wheel tracks become more severe. Meanwhile, the running environment of the high-speed train is complex, and the wheel rail abrasion problem becomes one of key factors affecting the running stability, safety and service life of the wheel rail.
There have been researches on attempts to improve the wear resistance of the wheel-rail material by conventional heat treatment, but at the same time, the toughness and plasticity of the wheel-rail material are reduced, and it is difficult to greatly improve the service life of the wheel-rail material. In order to solve this problem, in recent years, many emerging surface strengthening processes are continuously emerging. So far, the heat treatment technology which is commonly applied mainly comprises carburizing, vacuum heat treatment, induction heating quenching, chemical heat treatment, laser and electron beam heat treatment, plasma arc surface quenching technology and the like. Among them, plasma quenching and laser electron beam heat treatment have become the hot research fields of metal heat treatment for the last decade. For example, cao Xi et al, in the "influence of laser discrete quenching on wear and damage performance of wheel and rail materials" published in the "China surface engineering" in the period 2016, study the influence of laser discrete quenching treatment on the wear and damage performance of wheel and rail materials, and the result shows that compact martensite is obtained after laser discrete quenching, and has an obvious enhancement effect on the surface hardness of the wheel and rail materials.
The laser quenching technology is to melt the surface of the workpiece by using a laser high-energy beam without adding any metal element, so as to achieve the aim of improving the surface structure. The existing laser quenching adopts a single laser to operate, the irradiated surface position of the steel rail is rapidly melted, and the steel rail is rapidly cooled and solidified along with the movement of a laser spot. For example, the invention patent with application publication number of CN110172546A discloses a preparation method of a steel rail surface functional gradient reinforcement layer based on a laser-induction heat source, wherein a laser and an induction heating assembly are arranged above the steel rail; when the surface of the steel rail is heated, the laser and the induction heating component move in the same direction and at the same speed, the induction heating component preheats the surface of the steel rail, and the laser heats the preheated surface of the steel rail to austenitizing temperature; and cooling the steel rail to form the functional gradient strengthening layer with gradient interface hardness distribution.
However, the existing laser quenching technology has the following problems: 1. the quenching point of the single laser facula operation mode has no preheating capacity, so that the high-energy beam focused by the facula needs to heat the surface of the steel rail to reach the melting temperature of the steel rail, and part of energy sources are wasted in the process; 2. the surface of the steel rail is irradiated by a high-energy laser beam to generate melting and resolidification reactions, but along with the movement of light spots, the reaction area is rapidly cooled and solidified, the generated austenitizing phase transformation is not protected by the slow cooling temperature required after the reaction, so that the strengthening area can not generate enough pearlite phase transformation, and element crystal nuclei are arranged to be inclined, so that high-carbon martensite is generated on the surface.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of unsatisfactory track surface enhancement treatment effect and energy waste caused by no preheating capacity and rapid cooling and solidification of a reaction zone in the existing method for carrying out laser quenching enhancement treatment on the track surface in a single-spot operation mode, the invention provides a dual-spot track surface performance enhancement method and device.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for enhancing the surface performance of the double-facula track comprises the steps of forming two laser facula on the surface to be enhanced of the track, wherein the two laser facula comprise a first facula and a second facula;
the first light spot and the second light spot are arranged along the length direction of the track to form a composite light spot; the first light spot and the second light spot are partially overlapped, and a working area is formed on the surface to be enhanced by the overlapped part;
the composite light spots advance on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track, a non-overlapping part positioned in front of the operation area forms a preheating area on the surface to be reinforced, and a non-overlapping part positioned behind the operation area forms a slow cooling area on the surface to be reinforced;
the preheating zone, the operation zone and the slow cooling zone of the composite light spot pass through and act on the surface to be reinforced in sequence to form a track reinforcing strip extending along the length direction of the track.
The preferred technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first light spot and the second light spot are rectangular light spots with the length direction of 12mm multiplied by 4mm, and the length direction of the first light spot and the length direction of the second light spot are consistent with the length direction of the track, so that the length direction of the composite light spot is consistent with the length direction of the track;
the size of the operation area is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, and the sizes of the preheating area and the slow cooling area are 8mm multiplied by 4mm.
The preferred technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first light spot is formed by emitting a first laser beam to the surface to be reinforced by a first laser, and the second light spot is formed by emitting a second laser beam to the surface to be reinforced by a second laser;
the first laser beam forms a first oblique angle relative to the surface to be enhanced acted on by the first laser beam so as to form the first light spot;
the second laser beam forms a second oblique angle relative to the surface to be enhanced acted on by the second laser beam so as to form a second light spot; the first oblique angle and the second oblique angle are 40-65 degrees.
The preferred technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first laser and the second laser adopt beam-combining fiber lasers, and rated power is 12kW; the track reinforcing strips have a depth of less than 1mm.
The preferred technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track at a speed of 50-200 m/s;
the composite light spots are operated at different positions of the surface to be reinforced for a plurality of times to form a plurality of track reinforcing bars extending along the length direction of the track, and the distance between two adjacent track reinforcing bars is 1 mm-2 mm.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting another technical scheme as follows: the double-spot track surface performance enhancing device comprises a first laser and a second laser, wherein the first laser is provided with a first laser head capable of generating a first laser beam, and the second laser is provided with a second laser head capable of generating a second laser beam;
the first laser head emits the first laser beam to the track to form a first light spot on the surface to be reinforced, and the second laser head emits the second laser beam to the track to form a second light spot on the surface to be reinforced;
the first laser head and the second laser head are arranged in a front-back staggered manner along the length direction of the track, so that the first light spot and the second light spot are arranged along the length direction of the track to form a composite light spot, and the first light spot and the second light spot are partially overlapped;
the first laser and the second laser advance in the same direction and at the same speed along the length direction of the track, so that the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track to form a track reinforcing strip extending along the length direction of the track;
the overlapped part of the first light spot and the second light spot forms a working area on the surface to be reinforced, the non-overlapped part positioned in front of the working area forms a preheating area on the surface to be reinforced, and the non-overlapped part positioned behind the working area forms a slow cooling area on the surface to be reinforced;
the first laser head and the second laser head are respectively arranged at two sides of the track reinforcing strip and are obliquely arranged towards two sides relative to the track reinforcing strip, so that the first laser beam is in a first oblique angle relative to the surface to be reinforced, and the second laser beam is in a second oblique angle relative to the surface to be reinforced.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first laser and the second laser adopt beam-combining fiber lasers, and rated power is 12kW; the track reinforcing strips have a depth of less than 1mm.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first laser head and the second laser head are inclined by 40-65 degrees to two sides relative to the track reinforcing strip respectively, so that the angles of the first oblique angle and the second oblique angle are 40-65 degrees;
the cross sections of the first laser beam and the second laser beam emitted by the first laser head and the second laser head are rectangular, so that the first light spot and the second light spot are rectangular light spots of 12mm multiplied by 4 mm;
the first laser head and the second laser head are staggered back and forth along the length direction of the track, so that the size of the operation area is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the sizes of the preheating area and the slow cooling area are 8mm multiplied by 4mm, the overall size of the composite light spot is 20mm multiplied by 4mm, and the length direction is consistent with the length direction of the track.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first laser and the second laser advance in the same direction along the length direction of the track at a speed of 50-200 m/s so that the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced at a speed of 50-200 m/s along the length direction of the track.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the first laser and the second laser conduct operation along the length direction of the track for a plurality of times, the positions of the first laser head and the second laser head relative to the track are adjusted during each operation, so that the composite light spots form a plurality of track reinforcing strips extending along the length direction of the track on the surface to be reinforced, and the distance between every two adjacent track reinforcing strips is 1 mm-2 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the method comprises the steps that two laser light spots which are arranged along the length direction of a track and are partially overlapped form a composite light spot with a preheating zone, an operation zone and a buffer zone, when the composite light spot advances on a surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track for operation, the area of the surface to be reinforced, which is subjected to quenching alloying reaction, is subjected to preheating of the preheating zone, quenching operation of the operation zone and progressive buffer cooling of the buffer zone in sequence, so that the preheating zone provides early-stage temperature guarantee for the quenching operation, alloying reaction of the operation zone for quenching operation is more sufficient, the buffer zone plays a role in protecting and consolidating the quenching operation effect, martensite generation is sufficiently reduced, and the three zones are matched in sequence to achieve the optimal quenching effect, thereby the wear resistance and extrusion resistance of the surface of the track are sufficiently improved.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail below in connection with the drawings and the preferred embodiments, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these drawings are drawn for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments only and thus should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. Moreover, unless specifically indicated otherwise, the drawings are merely schematic representations, not necessarily to scale, of the compositions or constructions of the described objects and may include exaggerated representations.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dual spot track surface performance enhancement device operating in track surface performance enhancement;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a dual spot track surface performance enhancement device in a track surface performance enhancement operation;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 3 at B;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a forward operation on a surface to be enhanced using a dual spot track surface performance enhancement method;
reference numerals illustrate:
track 200, surface to be reinforced 201, track reinforcing bar 202, dual spot track surface property reinforcing apparatus 100, first laser 10, first laser head 11, first laser beam 12, second laser 20, second laser head 21, second laser beam 22, composite spot 30, first spot 31, second spot 32, preheating zone 33, working zone 34, slow cooling zone 35, first bevel r1, second bevel r2, width d1 of track reinforcing bar, pitch d2 of track reinforcing bar.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these descriptions are merely illustrative, exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be configured and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. While "first", "second", etc. are described for ease of understanding only, there is no other directional meaning and no limitation to the present invention.
In rail transit, a double-sided rail is generally adopted to match with double-sided wheels of a train, and when the train runs on the double-sided rail, for each side rail, the part of the rail surface extending from the upper surface of the rail to the inner side surface of the rail is contacted with the wheels of the train, and is rubbed and extruded by the wheels of the train, so that surface loss and metal fatigue are easy to generate. In the track surface performance enhancing work, the track surface of the portion is a work object, i.e., a surface to be enhanced.
As shown in fig. 1, in an example in which a portion of a track 200 of one side of a double-sided track is taken, a portion of the track surface extending from the upper surface of the track 200 up to the inner side of the track 200 is a surface to be reinforced 201, and it can be seen that the surface to be reinforced 201 extends in the length direction of the track 200 and has a planar portion and an arc portion in cross section, the portions located on the upper surface and the inner side of the track 200 are planar portions, and the portion transitioning from the upper surface to the inner side of the track 200 is an arc portion.
As shown in fig. 1, the dual-spot track surface performance enhancing apparatus 100 provided in this embodiment includes a first laser 10 and a second laser 20, where the first laser 10 has a first laser head 11 capable of generating a first laser beam 12, and the second laser 20 has a second laser head 21 capable of generating a second laser beam 22.
As shown in connection with fig. 1, 2 and 5, the first laser head 11 emits a first laser beam 12 towards the track 200 to form a first spot 31 on the surface 201 to be enhanced, and the second laser head 21 emits a second laser beam 22 towards the track 200 to form a second spot 32 on the surface 201 to be enhanced.
The first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are staggered back and forth along the length direction of the track 200, so that the first light spot 31 and the second light spot 32 are arranged along the length direction of the track 200 to form a composite light spot 30, and the first light spot 31 and the second light spot 32 have partial overlapping.
When performing the track surface property enhancing operation, a tailored alloy coating is first applied to the surface 201 to be enhanced. The first laser 10 and the second laser 20 advance in the same direction along the length of the track 200 at the same speed, for example in the v-direction, so that the composite spot 30 advances in the length of the track 200, also in the v-direction, over the surface 201 to be reinforced. The surface 201 to be reinforced, through which the composite light spot 30 passes, is subjected to a quenching alloy reaction by the specially-made alloy coating on the surface under the action of laser, so as to form a track reinforcing bar 202 extending along the length direction of the track 200.
Wherein the overlapping portion of the first light spot 31 and the second light spot 32 forms a working area 34 on the surface 201 to be reinforced, and along the advancing direction v direction of the composite light spot 30, a non-overlapping portion located in front of the working area 34 forms a preheating area 33 on the surface 201 to be reinforced, and a non-overlapping portion located behind the working area 34 forms a slow cooling area 35 on the surface 201 to be reinforced. Thus, as the first laser 10 and the second laser 20 advance in the v-direction at the same speed in a staggered manner, the composite spot 30 passes through and acts on the surface 201 to be enhanced in order of the preheating zone 33, the working zone 34, and the buffer zone 35.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are separately disposed at two sides of the track reinforcing bar 202 and are respectively disposed obliquely to two sides with respect to the track reinforcing bar 202, so that the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 respectively aim at the surface 201 to be reinforced from two directions to emit laser beams so as to form laser spots, and the first laser beam 12 and the second laser beam 22 are prevented from interfering with each other before forming the laser spots, so that the laser spots cannot be formed in a stable form.
Meanwhile, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are respectively arranged obliquely to two sides, so that the first laser beam 12 forms a first oblique angle r1 relative to the surface 201 to be reinforced acted on by the first laser beam, and the second laser beam 22 forms a second oblique angle r2 relative to the surface 201 to be reinforced acted on by the second laser beam.
It should be noted that, since the first oblique angle r1 and the second oblique angle r2 are based on the fact that the laser is completely perpendicular to the surface 201 to be reinforced, and the surface 201 to be reinforced has both a planar portion and an arcuate portion, as shown in a side view of the dual-spot track surface performance enhancing apparatus 100 shown in fig. 3 during the track surface performance enhancing operation, the relative positions of the first laser head 11, the second laser head 21, the first laser beam 12, the second laser beam 22 and the track 200 are based on the surface of the composite light spot 30, that is, the portion of the surface 201 to be reinforced where the first laser beam 12 and the second laser beam 22 cooperate, a tangent x is made on a reference, the tangent x intersects the surface 201 to be reinforced at a point o, a perpendicular y passing through the tangent x is made on the reference of the point o, and the first laser beam 12 generated by the first laser head 11 is inclined to one side by the first oblique angle r1, and the second laser beam 22 generated by the second laser head 21 is inclined to the other side by the second oblique angle r2.
The following description is given based on the dual-spot track surface performance enhancing apparatus 100 provided in this embodiment, which is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the dual-spot track surface performance enhancing method provided in this embodiment, so that the principle and effects of the enhancing method can be more intuitively understood by graphic-text combination.
The surface performance enhancement method of the double-facula track comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 5, two laser spots are formed on the surface 201 to be enhanced of the track 200, including a first spot 31 and a second spot 32; the first spot 31 and the second spot 32 are arranged along the length direction of the track 200 to form a composite spot 30; the first spot 31 and the second spot 32 have only a partial overlap, which forms a working area 34 on the surface 201 to be enhanced.
Here, in the present embodiment, the first light spot 31 and the second light spot 32 which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the track 200 and partially overlap are formed on the surface 201 to be reinforced by the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 which are staggered back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the track 200, respectively, emitting the first laser beam 12 and the second laser beam 13 directly in front thereof, respectively. In other embodiments, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 may not be staggered in front and back, but the first light spot 31 and the second light spot 32 that are aligned along the length direction of the track 200 and partially overlap are formed by adjusting the angle of the emitted laser beams, but such an arrangement may lengthen the path of the laser beams, resulting in energy loss of the laser beams during the propagation process, which is not beneficial for improving the energy efficiency of the dual-light spot track surface performance enhancing device 100. The arrangement mode adopted by the embodiment is the mode with the least laser energy loss and the highest device energy efficiency.
As shown in fig. 5, the composite light spot 30 advances on the surface 201 to be reinforced along the length direction of the track 200, the non-overlapping portion located in front of the operation area 34 forms a preheating area 33 on the surface 201 to be reinforced, and the non-overlapping portion located behind the operation area 34 forms a slow cooling area 35 on the surface 201 to be reinforced; the preheating zone 33, the working zone 34 and the quenching zone 35 of the composite spot 30 pass sequentially and act on the surface 201 to be reinforced to form a track reinforcing bar 202 extending along the length of the track 200.
In the dual-facula track surface performance enhancing method provided by the invention, the composite facula 30 with the preheating zone 33, the operation zone 34 and the buffer zone 35 is formed by two locally overlapped laser facula which are arranged along the length direction of the track 200, when the composite facula 30 advances on the surface 201 to be enhanced along the length direction of the track 200, the area of the surface 201 to be enhanced, which undergoes quenching alloying reaction, is sequentially subjected to preheating of the preheating zone 33, quenching operation of the operation zone 34 and progressive buffer cooling of the buffer zone 35, so that the preheating zone 33 provides the prior temperature guarantee for quenching operation, the alloying reaction of the operation zone 34 for quenching operation is more sufficient, the buffer zone 35 plays a role of protecting and consolidating the quenching operation effect, the martensite generation is sufficiently reduced, and the three zones are sequentially matched to achieve the optimal quenching effect, thereby the wear resistance and extrusion resistance of the track surface are sufficiently improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the first spot 31 and the second spot 32 are rectangular spots of 12mm×4mm, the length direction of the first spot 31 and the second spot 32 is identical to the length direction of the track 200, so that the length direction of the composite spot 30 is identical to the length direction of the track 200, the size of the working area 34 is 4mm×4mm, the sizes of the preheating area 33 and the cooling area 35 are 8mm×4mm, so that the size of the composite spot 30 is 20mm×4mm, and the width d1 of the formed track reinforcing bar 202 is 4mm.
The two laser spots are designed into rectangular spots, and the length direction is consistent with the length direction of the track 200, on one hand, the three areas of the composite spot 30 sequentially act on the surface 201 to be reinforced in a stable form according to the sequence of the preheating area 33, the working area 34 and the slow cooling area 35; on the other hand, the time for which each point in the width direction of the composite spot 30 synthesized with the rectangular spot is successively locked by the preheating zone 33, the working zone 34, and the slow cooling zone 35, and the quenching energy are uniform with respect to the composite spot synthesized with the spots of other shapes. Thus, the resulting track reinforcement bar 202 has good uniformity in all directions, balanced alloying density, and better track surface properties.
In addition, the preheating zone 33 and the slow cooling zone 35 have the same length and twice as long as the operation zone 34, and the preheating and slow cooling time is designed to be twice as long as the quenching operation time and the quenching power is designed to be twice as long as the preheating and slow cooling power in consideration of the preheating and slow cooling effects.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, in the present embodiment, the cross sections of the first laser beam 12 and the second laser beam 22 emitted by the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are rectangular, and the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are matched with the precise distance between the surface 201 to be reinforced, so that the first light spot 31 and the second light spot 31 become rectangular light spots of 12mm×4mm. Meanwhile, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are staggered back and forth along the length direction of the track 200, so that the size of the operation area 34 is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the sizes of the preheating area 33 and the slow cooling area 35 are 8mm multiplied by 4mm, the overall size of the composite light spot 30 is 20mm multiplied by 4mm, and the length direction is consistent with the length direction of the track 200.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 are inclined by 40 ° to 65 ° to the two sides of the track reinforcing bar 202, so that the angles of the first oblique angle r1 and the second oblique angle r2 are 40 ° to 65 °, under such an inclination angle, the path of the laser beam passing through the air is relatively short, and when the partial overlapping composite light spots 30 are formed at the positions of the surface 201 to be reinforced having both the planar portion and the cambered portion, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 can form the stable composite light spots 30 by fine tuning within the angle interval of 40 ° to 65 ° without making a large angle adjustment.
It is further preferred that the first laser 10 and the second laser 20 employ a combined fiber laser rated at 12kW and the track enhancement bars 202 are formed to a depth of less than 1mm.
The first laser 10 and the second laser 20 are advanced in the same direction along the length direction of the track 200 at a speed of 50m/s to 200m/s to cause the composite spot 30 to be advanced over the surface 201 to be reinforced at a speed of 50m/s to 200m/s along the length direction of the track 200. In this embodiment, as shown in figures 1 and 2 in combination with figure 5, the first laser 10 and the second laser 20 are advanced at a speed of 100m/s in the v direction so that the composite spot 30 is quenched on the surface 201 to be reinforced also at a speed of 100m/s in the v direction to produce a track-reinforcing bar 202 having an operating speed of 100m/s.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the first laser 10 and the second laser 20 perform operations along the length direction of the track 200 for a plurality of times, the positions of the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 relative to the track 200 are adjusted during each operation, and the first oblique angle r1 and the second oblique angle r2 are adjusted within a range of 40 ° to 65 ° to form the composite light spot 30 with the stable shape and size, so that the composite light spot 30 forms a plurality of track reinforcing bars 202 extending along the length direction of the track 200 on the surface 201 to be reinforced, and the distance d2 between two adjacent track reinforcing bars 202 is 1mm to 2mm.
After repeated and continuous quenching alloying operations, a series of track reinforcing bars 202 with the width of 4mm are uniformly distributed on a surface 201 to be reinforced, which extends from the upper surface to the inner side surface, at intervals of 1-2 mm in parallel so as to realize overall reinforcement of the comprehensive performances of wear resistance, extrusion resistance and the like of the track surface.
The quenching and alloying operation may be repeated back and forth with the fixed end of the rail 200 as the starting point and the direction of the forward operation being the same each time, or with the end point of the previous operation as the starting point.
In this embodiment, in the former operation, the first laser 10 is located before the second laser 20 is located after the first laser head 11, the first light spot 31 is located before the second light spot 32 is located after the second laser head 21, the non-overlapping portion of the first light spot 31 is a preheating zone 33, and the non-overlapping portion of the second light spot 32 is a slow cooling zone 35.
After the first laser 10 and the second laser 20 advance along the v direction and the composite light spot 30 advances along the v direction to form a track reinforcing bar 202 in the quenching alloying operation, the first laser head 11 and the second laser head 21 adjust the positions of the relative track 200, form the composite light spot 30 meeting the size requirement at the position of the surface 201 to be reinforced which is 1 mm-2 mm away from the previous track reinforcing bar 202, and then advance along the direction opposite to the v direction to perform the quenching operation.
At this time, the second laser 20 is forward, the first laser 10 is backward, the second light spot 32 formed by the second laser head 21 is forward, the first light spot 31 formed by the first laser head 11 is backward, the non-overlapping portion of the second light spot 32 is a preheating zone 33, and the non-overlapping portion of the first light spot 31 is a slow cooling zone 35. The efficiency of carrying out repeated quenching operation back and forth for a plurality of times in this way is higher.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, it may not be further defined and explained in the following figures.
The method and device for enhancing the surface performance of the dual-spot track provided by the invention are described above, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and implementation of the invention, and the description of the above examples is only used for helping to understand the invention and core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for enhancing the surface performance of the double-facula track is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
forming two laser spots on the surface to be reinforced of the track, wherein the two laser spots comprise a first spot and a second spot;
the first light spot and the second light spot are arranged along the length direction of the track to form a composite light spot; the first light spot and the second light spot are partially overlapped, and a working area is formed on the surface to be enhanced by the overlapped part;
the composite light spots advance on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track, a non-overlapping part positioned in front of the operation area forms a preheating area on the surface to be reinforced, and a non-overlapping part positioned behind the operation area forms a slow cooling area on the surface to be reinforced;
the preheating zone, the operation zone and the slow cooling zone of the composite light spot pass through and act on the surface to be reinforced in sequence to form a track reinforcing strip extending along the length direction of the track.
2. The dual spot track surface performance enhancement method of claim 1, wherein:
the first light spot and the second light spot are rectangular light spots with the length direction of 12mm multiplied by 4mm, and the length direction of the first light spot and the length direction of the second light spot are consistent with the length direction of the track, so that the length direction of the composite light spot is consistent with the length direction of the track;
the size of the operation area is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, and the sizes of the preheating area and the slow cooling area are 8mm multiplied by 4mm.
3. The dual spot track surface performance enhancement method of claim 1, wherein:
the first light spot is formed by emitting a first laser beam to the surface to be reinforced by a first laser, and the second light spot is formed by emitting a second laser beam to the surface to be reinforced by a second laser;
the first laser beam forms a first oblique angle relative to the surface to be enhanced acted on by the first laser beam so as to form the first light spot; the second laser beam forms a second oblique angle relative to the surface to be enhanced acted on by the second laser beam so as to form a second light spot; the first oblique angle and the second oblique angle are 40-65 degrees.
4. A dual spot track surface property enhancing method according to claim 3, wherein:
the first laser and the second laser adopt beam-combining fiber lasers, and rated power is 12kW; the track reinforcing strips have a depth of less than 1mm.
5. The dual spot track surface performance enhancement method of claim 1, wherein:
the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track at a speed of 50-200 m/s;
the composite light spots are operated at different positions of the surface to be reinforced for a plurality of times to form a plurality of track reinforcing bars extending along the length direction of the track, and the distance between two adjacent track reinforcing bars is 1 mm-2 mm.
6. Double-facula track surface property reinforcing means, its characterized in that:
comprising a first laser having a first laser head capable of generating a first laser beam and a second laser having a second laser head capable of generating a second laser beam;
the first laser head emits the first laser beam to the track to form a first light spot on the surface to be reinforced, and the second laser head emits the second laser beam to the track to form a second light spot on the surface to be reinforced;
the first laser head and the second laser head are arranged in a front-back staggered manner along the length direction of the track, so that the first light spot and the second light spot are arranged along the length direction of the track to form a composite light spot, and the first light spot and the second light spot are partially overlapped;
the first laser and the second laser advance in the same direction and at the same speed along the length direction of the track, so that the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced along the length direction of the track to form a track reinforcing strip extending along the length direction of the track;
the overlapped part of the first light spot and the second light spot forms a working area on the surface to be reinforced, the non-overlapped part positioned in front of the working area forms a preheating area on the surface to be reinforced, and the non-overlapped part positioned behind the working area forms a slow cooling area on the surface to be reinforced;
the first laser head and the second laser head are respectively arranged at two sides of the track reinforcing strip and are obliquely arranged towards two sides relative to the track reinforcing strip, so that the first laser beam is in a first oblique angle relative to the surface to be reinforced, and the second laser beam is in a second oblique angle relative to the surface to be reinforced.
7. The dual spot track surface property enhancing apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
the first laser and the second laser adopt beam-combining fiber lasers, and rated power is 12kW; the track reinforcing strips have a depth of less than 1mm.
8. The dual spot track surface property enhancing apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
the first laser head and the second laser head are inclined by 40-65 degrees to two sides relative to the track reinforcing strip respectively, so that the angles of the first oblique angle and the second oblique angle are 40-65 degrees;
the cross sections of the first laser beam and the second laser beam emitted by the first laser head and the second laser head are rectangular, so that the first light spot and the second light spot are rectangular light spots of 12mm multiplied by 4 mm;
the first laser head and the second laser head are staggered back and forth along the length direction of the track, so that the size of the operation area is 4mm multiplied by 4mm, the sizes of the preheating area and the slow cooling area are 8mm multiplied by 4mm, the overall size of the composite light spot is 20mm multiplied by 4mm, and the length direction is consistent with the length direction of the track.
9. The dual spot track surface property enhancing apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
the first laser and the second laser advance in the same direction along the length direction of the track at a speed of 50-200 m/s so that the composite light spot advances on the surface to be reinforced at a speed of 50-200 m/s along the length direction of the track.
10. The dual spot track surface property enhancing apparatus of claim 6 wherein:
the first laser and the second laser conduct operation along the length direction of the track for a plurality of times, the positions of the first laser head and the second laser head relative to the track are adjusted during each operation, so that the composite light spots form a plurality of track reinforcing strips extending along the length direction of the track on the surface to be reinforced, and the distance between every two adjacent track reinforcing strips is 1 mm-2 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410079845.8A CN117845669A (en) | 2024-01-19 | 2024-01-19 | Double-facula track surface performance enhancement method and enhancement device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410079845.8A CN117845669A (en) | 2024-01-19 | 2024-01-19 | Double-facula track surface performance enhancement method and enhancement device |
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| CN117845669A true CN117845669A (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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| CN202410079845.8A Pending CN117845669A (en) | 2024-01-19 | 2024-01-19 | Double-facula track surface performance enhancement method and enhancement device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117845669A (en) |
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2024
- 2024-01-19 CN CN202410079845.8A patent/CN117845669A/en active Pending
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