CN117840486A - Variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining - Google Patents
Variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining Download PDFInfo
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- CN117840486A CN117840486A CN202410261229.4A CN202410261229A CN117840486A CN 117840486 A CN117840486 A CN 117840486A CN 202410261229 A CN202410261229 A CN 202410261229A CN 117840486 A CN117840486 A CN 117840486A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B41/02—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring deep holes; Trepanning, e.g. of gun or rifle barrels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/08—Control or regulation of cutting velocity
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, determining the total depth of a drilled hole and the effective length of a gun drill hole; step 2, machining a guide hole in the workpiece; and 3, gun drilling is carried out on the workpiece for multiple times to circularly drill holes with variable parameters. The deep hole drilling processing is realized through repeated variable parameter cyclic drilling, and in each cyclic drilling process, the feeding speed of the gun drill is positively changed along with the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill blade moving. When the gun drill contacts the workpiece, the lower feeding speed of the gun drill can reduce the friction resistance when the workpiece is cut, so that the cutting edge is ensured to contact the workpiece and not slip at the moment. Along with the gradual increase of the gun drill blade opening displacement increment value, the feeding speed is also slowly increased, and the cutting edge can realize stable cutting in the whole drilling process, so that the processing noise and the fracture failure rate of the gun drill are reduced, the drilling time is shortened, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining.
Background
For the hole processing of deep hole drilling (the ratio of the total length of the drill bit is more than 10 times of diameter), a high-speed steel or a twist drill with a hard alloy coating sprayed on the surface of the high-speed steel is often adopted in the first few years, the twist drill does not have an inner cooling water outlet, and the guide blade is long, the defect is that the deeper the drill hole is, the greater the friction resistance between a cutter bar and a hole wall is, the chip breaking is difficult, the processing efficiency is low, the drill bit is easy to break in the deep hole processing process, therefore, the drill bit and the corresponding drilling technical method are eliminated slowly, a novel gun drill for deep hole processing is introduced in the market in the last two years and three years, the gun drill not only has an inner cooling water outlet hole, but also has a guide positioning cylindrical surface with the diameter of 1.5 times, the resistance in the deep hole processing process is reduced, and meanwhile, the inner cooling water pressure improves the scrap iron discharging effect in the deep hole processing process. The novel gun drill also has a plurality of defects in the use process: for example, when the end part of the drill bit is provided with a drain hole, the runout is difficult to center in the rotating process of the drill bit, the internal cooling of the cutting fluid in the processing process has strict requirements on the water outlet pressure of a machine tool, the rigidity of the drill bit is reduced after the gun drill rod is provided with the internal cooling water outlet hole, the drill rod is easy to break in the hard processing process, the rod idle drill blade is easy to cut in the soft drill bit processing process, and the phenomenon that the length-diameter ratio Dm of the drill bit is larger is obvious.
In the prior art, a novel gun drill is adopted for deep hole processing, and the gun drill adopts a design of a single cutting edge, double internal cooling drain holes and a single chip discharging groove. The drill guide portion blade is 45mm long (drill diameter 30 mm) to facilitate positioning and centering during hole machining, and the drill rod diameter (28 mm) is 2mm smaller than the guide blade diameter.
The existing processing method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, determining the total depth Lb of a drilled hole, and the effective length Ls of the drilled hole of a gun drill; a second step of machining a guide hole in the workpiece; and thirdly, drilling by using a drilling cycle of the machine tool with the G81. There are two problems with machining in this way, the first gun drill cannot be positioned within the pilot hole: the machine tool can only be started outside a workpiece by using the G81 drilling circulation internal cooling cutting fluid, the radial impact force generated by water outlet at the front end part of the gun drill causes the gun drill to jump and not penetrate into the position of the guide hole positioning depth LH, and the gun drill cutting edge collides with the guide hole of the workpiece, so that the noise is large and the cutting edge is easy to break. Second drilling abnormal sound: the existing G81 drilling cycle can not change on each path of the whole drilling cycle after the rotating speed and the feeding value are given in the whole hole machining process, and intermittent sliding without cutting can occur in the gun drilling process, meanwhile vibration noise is generated, and the surface quality of the hole is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the total depth Lb of a drilled hole, and the effective length Ls of the drilled hole of the gun drill;
step 2, machining a guide hole in the workpiece;
step 3, gun drilling is carried out in the drilling hole for multiple times, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1, positioning the gun drill in the workpiece guide hole: the gun drill guiding blade is penetrated into a workpiece guide hole to a positioning depth LH position, the gun drill rotating speed is S1, the gun drill feeding speed is F1 in the penetrating process, after the gun drill is penetrated into the positioning depth LH position, the machine tool opens internal cooling liquid, and the gun drill is kept for a period of time M1 in a state of rotating speed S1 and feeding speed F=0; wherein s1=q1×r1, f1=q2×r2, where Q1 is a rotation speed parameter value, Q2 is a feeding parameter value, R1 is a first preset coefficient, and R2 is a second preset coefficient;
3.2, variable parameter repeated circulation drilling, which comprises the following steps:
3.2.1, calculating the total number N of drilling cycles,
N=（Lb-LH）/LM
wherein LM is the cutting depth of the gun drill single drilling;
3.2.2. quick movement of the gun drill from the pilot hole positioning depth LH position to the depth LH+ (n-1) x LM-LD position, during which the gun drill is rotated at speed S LnA Feed rate F of gun drill =q1×r3 LnA =q2×r2, where R3 is a third preset coefficient, LD is a reserved gap when gun drill goes into drill, and n is the number of times of current drill;
3.2.3 feeding the drill from the position LH+ (n-1) xLM-LD, ending the current feeding drill when the end position LH+n x LM is reached, the speed S of the gun drill during the feeding drill n =q1×r3, real-time feed speed F of gun drill t =Q2×R4+Q2×(R3-R4)×△L t /（LD+LM），△L t For the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill bit at the current time t in the current feeding drilling path, deltaL t The value range is [0, LD+LM]R4 is a fourth preset coefficient;
3.2.4, ending the current feeding drilling, quickly returning the gun drill to the position of the guide hole LH after the in-situ stay time M1, wherein the rotating speed S of the gun drill LnC Gun drilling feed rate F =q1×r3 LnC =Q2×R2；
3.2.5 repeating the steps 3.2.2 to 3.2.4 to realize repeated variable parameter circulation drilling until deep hole drilling with a specified depth is completed;
3.3, the gun drill withdraws from the guide hole, the machine tool closes the internal cooling liquid, the gun drill is kept for a period of time M1 in a state of rotating speed S1 and feeding speed F=0, and then withdraws from the position of the workpiece guide hole LH to the safety plane T, the rotating speed of the gun drill is S1, and the feeding speed of the gun drill is F1.
Wherein the rotational speed parameter value Q1, the feeding parameter value Q2, and the first to fourth preset coefficients R1, R2, R3, R4 need to be determined in advance before executing step 3.
The rotating speed parameter value Q1, the feeding parameter value Q2, the first preset coefficient R1 and the second preset coefficient R2 are constant, and are determined when the machine tool is initially debugged; the third preset coefficient R3 and the fourth preset coefficient R4 are adjustable parameters, and are determined according to the material hardness adjustment of the workpiece to be drilled; and the deep hole drilling variable parameter process adjustment is realized by adjusting the third preset coefficient R3 and the fourth preset coefficient R4 so as to adapt to deep hole drilling of workpieces with different material hardness.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 1, the effective length Ls of the gun drill is greater than the total depth Lb of the drill, and the positioning depth LH is less than the fine boring depth lc+20mm.
Furthermore, in the step 1, it is also necessary to check a gun drill diameter parameter dm=ls/Dc, where Dc is the gun drill diameter, and if Dm is less than 15, the internal coolant outlet pressure of the machine tool is not lower than 8KG; if Dm is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 20, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 10KG; if Dm is more than 20, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 15KG.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the step 2, the specific steps of machining the guide hole are as follows:
2.1, firstly, drilling a guide bottom hole by using a drill bit with the diameter smaller than the diameter Dc of the gun drill guide blade by 0.1-0.5 mm, wherein the depth is lc+30mm, and Lc is the length of the gun drill guide blade;
2.2, finely boring the guide hole by using a finely boring cutter, wherein the depth of the finely boring hole is lc+20mm, the diameter of the finely boring guide hole is Dc, and the tolerance recommended value is 0-0.1 mm.
Preferably, q1=400 revolutions per minute, q2=35 mm per minute, r1=0.15, r2=42.8, r3=1, r4=0.8, lb=450 mm, lh=50 mm, lm=100 mm, ld=5 mm;
in step 3.1, gun drill rotational speed s1=q1×r1=60 revolutions per minute, gun drill feed speed f1=q2×r2=1498 mm per minute;
in step 3.2.1, calculating the total number of gun drilling cycles n= (Lb-LH)/lm=4;
in step 3.2.2, the starting point position of the gun drill is LH=50mm, the end point position is LH+ (n-1) x LM-LD=45mm, and the rotating speed S of the gun drill LnA= Q1×r3=400 rpm, feed rate F of gun drill LnA =q2×r2=1498 mm/min;
in step 3.2.3, the starting point position of the gun drill is LH+ (n-1) x LM-LD, the end point position is LH+n x LM, and the rotating speed S of the gun drill n Real-time feed speed F of gun drill =q1×r3=400 rpm t =Q2×R4+Q2×(R3-R4)×△L t /（LD+LM）=28+0.0666×△L t， △L t The value range is 0-105 mm;
in step 3.2.4, the starting point position of the gun drill is lh+n×lm, the end point position is lh=50mm, and the rotation speed S of the gun drill LnC Gun drilling feed rate F =q1×r3=400 rpm LnC =q2×r2=1498 mm/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the larger the ratio of the total length to the diameter of the gun drill in the deep hole machining process is, the lower the rigidity is considered. When the cutting edge of the gun drill just contacts the workpiece, the cutting resistance is larger at the moment, if the feeding speed is too high, the cutting edge of the gun drill can slip due to cutting, so that smooth cutting cannot be realized. In addition, because the gun drill blade is single-blade cutting, the cutting force is unbalanced, and the rigidity is poor, so that the stability is easily lost.
According to the invention, deep hole drilling is realized through repeated circulation variable parameter drilling, in each feeding drilling process, the feeding speed of the gun drill is changed in real time along with the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill, the forward change between the feeding speed of the gun drill and the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill is known according to a formula, namely, the larger the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill is, the faster the corresponding feeding speed of the gun drill is, namely, in the single feeding drilling process, the feeding speed of the gun drill at the initial moment is slowest, the feeding speed of the gun drill is lower when the gun drill just contacts a workpiece, the friction resistance when the gun drill cuts the workpiece is reduced, so that the cutting edge of the gun drill is not slipped when the gun drill enters the workpiece, the cutting force is increased slowly and steadily and excessively from small to small in the whole drilling process along with the slow increase of the deep feeding speed of the gun drill, and the cutting is stable in the whole drilling process, and the drill is prevented from' cutting the free cutting edge of the idle cutting edge of the drill rod and fatigue torsion. The invention can realize stable cutting of the gun drill, so that the processing noise is greatly reduced. As the feeding speed of the gun drill is higher along with the deeper drilling, the processing time is shortened, and the processing efficiency is obviously improved.
In addition, a fine boring hole is processed on the workpiece and is used as a gun drill positioning guide hole, and the gun drill discharges scrap iron without discharging the guide hole after moving back to a preset position LH of the positioning guide hole each time, so that the tool shake in the processing process can be reduced.
The processing time of the common B-type subway force measuring wheel set is calculated, one axle is processed in 23 hours in the prior art, and after the variable parameter processing technology is adopted, one axle can be processed in 4 hours, so that the processing efficiency is improved by more than 5 times. After improvement, no phenomenon of idle running of the drill bit and cutting edge is found, and the noise can be reduced by more than 60 percent. Through the statistics of 500 products, the breaking failure rate of the drill bit in the prior art is between 8% and 10%, and the rejection rate of the product is about 5%. After the variable parameter processing technology is adopted, the drill bit in 500 products is broken once, the failure rate is less than 1%, and no product is scrapped. In addition, a finely bored guide hole is arranged before drilling, the surface roughness of the guide hole can reach Ra1.6, and after the variable parameter processing technology is adopted, the surface quality of the deep hole is improved from the original Ra12.5 to Ra1.6 finely bored hole grade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rail vehicle wheel set threading aperture;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the determined drilling depth Lb, the effective length Ls of the drill bit, of the variable parameter machining method of the present invention for deep hole drilling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the depth machining of a pilot hole in a workpiece by a variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a guide depth map of gun drilling into a pre-machined pilot hole for a variable parameter machining method of the present invention for deep hole drilling;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a path of a variable parameter multiple circulation borehole;
FIG. 6 shows the real-time feed speed F t And absolute displacement increment value DeltaL t Is a graph of the relationship of (2);
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the path of the drill hole and the corresponding parameters of the machining wheel set according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, the threading hole of the wheel set of the railway vehicle is processed as shown in fig. 1, and the description of the variable parameter processing method applicable to deep hole drilling processing is performed. The threading hole of the wheel set of the railway vehicle requires the diameter of the processing hole to be 30mm, the hole depth to be more than 450mm and the hole depth to reach more than 15 times of the diameter.
The invention relates to a variable parameter processing method suitable for deep hole drilling processing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the total depth Lb of the drilled hole as shown in fig. 2, and the effective length Ls of the drilled hole of the gun drill. In this embodiment, the total depth lb=450 mm of the borehole. Gun drill parameters were as follows: drill bit diameter: dc=30 mm, drill rod diameter: db=28 mm, guide edge length: lc=45 mm, total length of drill bit: oal=620 mm, drill drain: 2, the effective length of the gun drill bit is ls=490 mm.
In this step, the effective length Ls of the gun drill should be greater than the drilling depth Lb, and the gun drill diameter-doubling parameter dm=ls/Dc ratio needs to be checked. If Dm is less than 15, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 8KG; if Dm is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 20, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 10KG; if Dm is more than 20, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 15KG.
In the example, dm is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 20, so that the water outlet pressure of the cooling liquid in the machine tool is set to be 10KG, and the cooling requirement can be met.
And 2, machining a guide hole in the workpiece according to the drawing of fig. 3. The specific steps of the guide hole processing are as follows:
2.1, firstly, machining a bottom hole of a workpiece guide hole by using a drill bit with the diameter smaller than the diameter Dc of the gun drill guide blade by 0.1-0.5 mm, wherein the depth is lc+30mm, and Lc is the length of the gun drill guide blade;
2.2, finely boring a bottom hole of the guide hole by using a finely boring cutter, wherein the finely boring hole depth is lc+20mm=65mm, the diameter of the finely boring guide hole is Dc=30mm, and the tolerance recommended range is 0-0.1 mm.
The positioning depth LH should be smaller than the fine boring depth lc+20mm=65mm. In this example, gun drill positioning depth: lh=50 mm.
And 3, circularly drilling the drill hole in the drill hole by the gun drill for multiple times with variable parameters.
The following parameters of the method need to be determined before the step is executed: a rotation speed parameter value Q1, a feed parameter value Q2, and first to fourth preset coefficients R1, R2, R3, R4. The rotation speed parameter value Q1, the feeding parameter value Q2, the first preset coefficient R1 and the second preset coefficient R2 are constant, and are determined during initial debugging of the machine tool; the third preset coefficient R3 and the fourth preset coefficient R4 are adjustable parameters and are determined according to the material hardness adjustment of the processed workpiece; and the deep hole drilling variable parameter process adjustment is realized by adjusting the third preset coefficient R3 and the fourth preset coefficient R4 so as to adapt to deep hole drilling of workpieces with different material hardness.
In this embodiment, the rotational speed parameter q1=400 rpm, the feeding parameter q2=35 mm/min, the first preset coefficient r1=0.15, the second preset coefficient r2=42.8, the third preset coefficient r3=1, and the fourth preset coefficient r4=0.8.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1, positioning the gun drill in the workpiece guide hole: the gun drill guide blade is inserted into the guide hole of the workpiece to a positioning depth lh=50mm as shown in fig. 4, the gun drill rotating speed is s1=q1×r1=60 revolutions per minute in the insertion process, the gun drill feeding speed is f1=q2×r2=1498 mm/minute, after the gun drill is inserted into the positioning depth lh=50mm, the machine tool is opened to cool the inner cooling liquid, and the gun drill is kept for 5 seconds (generally, 3-5 seconds) at the state that the gun drill rotating speed is s1=q1×r1=60 revolutions per minute and the feeding speed is f=0.
3.2, variable parameter multiple circulation drilling (path schematic diagram see fig. 5), comprising the following steps:
3.2.1, calculating the total number N of drilling cycles,
N=（Lb-LH）/LM
wherein, LM is gun drill single drilling's depth of cut, and LM value is 100mm in this case.
Thus, n= (Lb-LH)/lm= (450 mm-50 mm)/100 mm=4.
3.2.2. the gun drill is rapidly moved from the pilot hole positioning depth LH position to the depth LH+ (n-1). Times.LM-LD position as shown in FIG. 5, the gun drill rotating speed S during this process LnA Feed rate F of gun drill =q1×r3 LnA =q2×r2, where R3 is a third preset coefficient, LD is a reserved gap when gun drill is in-drilling, and n is current drillNumber of holes.
In this example, the value of the clearance LD is 5mm when the gun drills into the drill. Therefore, in this step, the starting point position of the gun drill is LH=50 mm, the end point position is LH+ (n-1) ×LM-LD=45 mm, and the rotation speed S of the gun drill LnA= Q1×r3=400 rpm, feed rate F of gun drill LnA =q2×r2=1498 mm/min.
3.2.3 feeding the drill from the position LH+ (n-1) xLM-LD, ending the current feeding drill when the end position LH+n x LM is reached, the speed S of the gun drill during the feeding drill n =q1×r3, real-time feed speed F of gun drill t =Q2×R4+Q2×(R3-R4)×△L t /（LD+LM），△L t For the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill bit at the current time t in the current feeding drilling path, deltaL t The value range is [0, LD+LM]R4 is a fourth predetermined coefficient, wherein F t And DeltaL t The variable relation diagram of (2) is shown in fig. 6.
In this step, the starting point position of the gun drill is LH+ (n-1) xLM-LD, the end point position is LH+n xLM, and the rotation speed S of the gun drill n Real-time feed speed F of gun drill =q1×r3=400 rpm t =Q2×R4+Q2×(R3-R4)×△L t /（LD+LM）=28+0.0666×△L t， △L t The value range is 0-105 mm. The path rotation speed S=400 rpm is kept unchanged, the starting point feeding speed F=28 mm/min, the feeding speed F value becomes faster as the absolute bit displacement increment value increases, the gun drills until the end feeding speed reaches F=35 mm/min, the rotation speed S is kept unchanged after the end of the gun drills until the end, and the feeding F=0 state is kept for 5 seconds (generally, 3-5 seconds are needed).
3.2.4, ending the current feeding drilling, and quickly returning the gun drill to the position of the guide hole LH after staying in situ for 5 seconds, wherein the rotating speed S of the gun drill LnC Gun drilling feed rate F =q1×r3 LnC =Q2×R2。
In this step, the starting point position of the gun drill is lh+n×lm, the end point position is lh=50mm, and the rotation speed S of the gun drill LnC Gun drilling feed rate F =q1×r3=400 rpm LnC =q2×r2=1498 mm/min.
3.2.5 repeating the steps 3.2.2 to 3.2.4 to realize repeated parameter-variable circulation drilling until deep hole drilling with a specified depth is completed.
In the 3.2-step variable parameter circulation drilling, n=1, 2, 3 and 4 are sequentially executed until n=4 is executed, and the whole variable parameter circulation drilling is finished, and the relation between the paths and the corresponding parameters in the implementation process is shown in fig. 7.
3.3, the gun drill withdraws from the guide hole, the machine tool closes the internal cooling liquid, the gun drill is kept for 5 seconds (generally, 3-5 seconds) at the rotating speed S1=Q1×R1=60 revolutions per minute and the feeding speed F=0 state, then the gun drill withdraws from the position of the workpiece guide hole LH to the safety plane T, the gun drill rotating speed is S1=Q1×R1=60 revolutions per minute during withdrawal, and the gun drill feeding speed is F1=Q2×R2=1498 mm/minute.
The specific implementation conditions, implementation modes and path algorithm formulas and parameter codes of deep hole variable parameter processing are only described in the steps 1, 2 and 3, and finally the algorithm, the formula and the assignment parameters of the variable parameter introduced by the conditions are written into the variable parameter deep hole processing macro program processing instructions through the numerical control system macro program codes and the logic judgment sentences corresponding to the machine tool to realize deep hole processing.
The processing time of the common B-type subway force measuring wheel set is calculated, one axle is processed in 23 hours in the prior art, and after the variable parameter processing technology is adopted, one axle can be processed in 4 hours, so that the processing efficiency is improved by more than 5 times. After improvement, no phenomenon of idle running of the drill bit and cutting edge is found, and the noise can be reduced by more than 60 percent. Through the statistics of 500 products, the breaking failure rate of the drill bit in the prior art is between 8% and 10%, and the rejection rate of the product is about 5%. After the variable parameter processing technology is adopted, the drill bit in 500 products is broken once, the failure rate is less than 1%, and no product is scrapped. In addition, a finely bored guide hole is arranged before drilling, the surface roughness of the guide hole can reach Ra1.6, and after the variable parameter processing technology is adopted, the surface quality of the deep hole is improved from the original Ra12.5 to Ra1.6 finely bored hole grade.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A variable parameter processing method suitable for deep hole drilling processing is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining the total depth Lb of a drilled hole, and the effective length Ls of the drilled hole of the gun drill;
step 2, machining a guide hole in the workpiece;
step 3, gun drilling is carried out on a workpiece for multiple times, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
3.1, positioning the gun drill in the workpiece guide hole: the gun drill guiding blade is penetrated into a workpiece guide hole to a positioning depth LH position, the gun drill rotating speed is S1, the gun drill feeding speed is F1 in the penetrating process, after the gun drill is penetrated into the positioning depth LH position, the machine tool opens internal cooling liquid, and the gun drill is kept for a period of time M1 at the rotating speed S1 and the feeding speed F=0; wherein s1=q1×r1, f1=q2×r2, where Q1 is a rotation speed parameter value, Q2 is a feeding parameter value, R1 is a first preset coefficient, and R2 is a second preset coefficient;
3.2, variable parameter repeated circulation drilling, which comprises the following steps:
3.2.1, calculating the total number N of drilling cycles,
N=（Lb-LH）/LM
wherein LM is the cutting depth of the gun drill single drilling;
3.2.2 gun drill positioning from guide holeThe depth LH position is rapidly moved to a depth LH+ (n-1) x LM-LD position, during which the speed S of the gun drill LNA Feed rate F of gun drill =q1×r3 LNA =q2×r2, where R3 is a third preset coefficient, LD is a reserved gap when gun drill goes into drill, and n is the number of times of current drill;
3.2.3 feeding the drill from the position LH+ (n-1) xLM-LD, ending the current feeding drill when the end position LH+n x LM is reached, the speed S of the gun drill during the feeding drill n =q1×r3, real-time feed speed F of gun drill t =Q2×R4+Q2×(R3-R4)×△L t /（LD+LM），△L t For the absolute displacement increment value of the gun drill bit at the current time t in the current feeding drilling path, deltaL t The value range is [0, LD+LM]R4 is a fourth preset coefficient;
3.2.4, ending the current feeding drilling, quickly returning the gun drill to the position of the guide hole LH after the in-situ stay time length M1, and rotating the gun drill at the rotating speed S in the process LnC Gun drilling feed rate F =q1×r3 LnC =Q2×R2；
3.2.5 repeating the steps 3.2.2 to 3.2.4 to realize repeated variable parameter circulation drilling until deep hole drilling with a specified depth is completed;
3.3, the gun drill withdraws from the guide hole, the machine tool closes the internal cooling liquid, the gun drill is kept for a period of time M1 in a state of rotating speed S1 and feeding speed F=0, and then withdraws from the position of the workpiece guide hole LH to the safety plane T, the rotating speed of the gun drill is S1, and the feeding speed of the gun drill is F1.
2. The variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotation speed parameter value Q1, the feeding parameter value Q2, and the first to fourth preset coefficients R1, R2, R3, R4 are determined before the step 3 is performed.
3. The variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 2, characterized in that: the rotating speed parameter value Q1, the feeding parameter value Q2, the first preset coefficient R1 and the second preset coefficient R2 are constant, and are determined when the machine tool is initially debugged; the third preset coefficient R3 and the fourth preset coefficient R4 are adjustable parameters and are determined according to the material hardness adjustment of the processed workpiece; and the deep hole drilling variable parameter process adjustment is realized by adjusting the third preset coefficient R3 and the fourth preset coefficient R4 so as to adapt to deep hole drilling of workpieces with different material hardness.
4. The variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the effective length Ls of the gun drill is greater than the total depth Lb of the drill, and the positioning depth LH is less than the depth lc+20mm of the finish boring.
5. The variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1, a gun drill diameter parameter dm=ls/Dc needs to be checked, wherein Dc is the gun drill diameter, and if Dm is less than 15, the internal cooling liquid outlet pressure of the machine tool is not lower than 8KG; if Dm is more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 20, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 10KG; if Dm is more than 20, the water outlet pressure of the internal cooling liquid of the machine tool is not lower than 15KG.
6. The variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the specific steps of machining the guide hole are as follows:
2.1, firstly, machining a bottom hole of a workpiece guide hole by using a drill bit with the diameter smaller than the diameter Dc of the gun drill guide blade by 0.1-0.5 mm, wherein the depth is lc+30mm, and Lc is the length of the gun drill guide blade;
2.2, finely boring a bottom hole of the guide hole by using a finely boring cutter, wherein the depth of the finely boring hole is lc+20mm, the diameter of the finely boring guide hole is Dc, and the tolerance recommended range is 0-0.1 mm.
7. A variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: LD is 5-10mm in value.
8. A variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: the value range of the duration M1 is 3-5 seconds.
9. The variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance H between the tool withdrawal safety plane T and the drilling reference plane J is 15-25mm.
10. A variable parameter machining method suitable for deep hole drilling machining according to claim 3, characterized in that: q1=400 revolutions per minute, q2=35 mm per minute, r1=0.15, r2=42.8, r3=1, r4=0.8, lb=450 mm, lh=50 mm, lm=100 mm, ld=5 mm;
in step 3.1, gun drill rotational speed s1=q1×r1=60 revolutions per minute, gun drill feed speed f1=q2×r2=1498 mm per minute;
in step 3.2.1, calculating the total number of gun drilling cycles n= (Lb-LH)/lm=4;
in step 3.2.2, the starting point position of the gun drill is LH=50mm, the end point position is LH+ (n-1) x LM-LD=45mm, and the rotating speed S of the gun drill LnA= Q1×r3=400 rpm, feed rate F of gun drill LnA =q2×r2=1498 mm/min;
in step 3.2.3, the starting point position of the gun drill is LH+ (n-1) x LM-LD, the end point position is LH+n x LM, and the rotating speed S of the gun drill n Real-time feed speed F of gun drill =q1×r3=400 rpm t =Q2×R4+Q2×(R3-R4)×△L t /（LD+LM）=28+0.0666×△L t ，△L t The value range is 0-105 mm;
in step 3.2.4, the starting point position of the gun drill is lh+n×lm, the end point position is lh=50mm, and the rotation speed S of the gun drill LnC Gun drilling feed rate F =q1×r3=400 rpm LnC =q2×r2=1498 mm/min.
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