CN117839881B - Fermentation liquor refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by synthetic biological method - Google Patents
Fermentation liquor refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by synthetic biological method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117839881B CN117839881B CN202410257689.XA CN202410257689A CN117839881B CN 117839881 B CN117839881 B CN 117839881B CN 202410257689 A CN202410257689 A CN 202410257689A CN 117839881 B CN117839881 B CN 117839881B
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 88755TAZ87 Chemical compound NCC(=O)CCC(O)=O ZGXJTSGNIOSYLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229960002749 aminolevulinic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
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- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fermentation liquor refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by a synthetic biological method, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a fixed base, a refining purification tank, a cyclone and an axial-flow paddle wheel, wherein a transmission seat and an input pump are fixedly arranged on the surface of the fixed base, the transmission seat is used for driving the axial-flow paddle wheel and the input pump, the refining purification tank comprises a primary separation tank, a secondary separation tank and a top cover, the secondary separation tank is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the primary separation tank, and the primary separation tank is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the transmission seat and is sleeved on the periphery of the axial-flow paddle wheel. According to the invention, multistage separation and purification of fermentation liquor are realized by arranging the refining and purifying tank and the cyclone, multistage centrifugation can be carried out continuously for multiple times, so that the separation efficiency of target products and impurities is improved, purer target products are obtained, the layout structure is optimized, and the space is effectively saved by compact design and integrated structure, especially under the condition of limited production sites.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bioengineering, in particular to a fermentation liquor refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by a synthetic biological method.
Background
A fermentation broth refining method of 5-aminolevulinic acid comprises the following steps: the fermentation liquor in the fermentation liquor tank is injected into the centrifugal separator through the liquid supply pump; removing large-particle colloid particles from the fermentation liquor through a centrifugal separator; the fermentation liquor separated once is separated and purified twice by an automatic self-cleaning filter; and (3) pressurizing by a booster pump, entering an ultrafiltration device to remove residual solids, foreign proteins and thalli in the fermentation liquor, and collecting the fermentation liquor to a fermentation liquor storage tank. In the prior art, a centrifugal dehydration structure is generally adopted for the fermentation broth refining process of 5-aminolevulinic acid. The structure comprises a fixed base, a centrifugal mechanism, a pipeline connection part and the like. The traditional method mainly relies on centrifugal force to separate solid impurities from liquid in fermentation liquor so as to achieve the refining purpose. In conventional spin-drying arrangements, the efficiency of centrifugation is limited due to the lack of efficient centrifuge disk and baffle designs. This means that during centrifugation, larger solid impurities cannot be separated effectively, thereby affecting the purity and quality of the final product. In addition, the operation mode of traditional structure is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, needs frequent shut down operation in order to shift liquid, can't realize online extraction, greatly reduced production efficiency. More serious, due to lack of shock absorption design, the existing products are easy to be interfered by external factors, equipment tremble and even accidents occur, and certain potential safety hazards exist. When the existing centrifugal separation mode is used for separating the fermentation product and the fermentation clear liquid of the 5-aminolevulinic acid, the defects that a single-stage centrifugal method can not completely separate target products from impurities and has low separation efficiency exist, so that the obtained fermentation product or fermentation clear liquid still contains a certain amount of impurities, the processing capacity of the single-stage centrifugal method can not be enough to meet the requirement of large-scale production, and more equipment or longer processing time is needed. In view of the above, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation broth purifying apparatus for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by a synthetic biological method, which solves the problems existing at present, and which solves the problems and improves the practical value by the above technique.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related technologies.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by a synthetic biological method, comprising: the device comprises a fixed base, a refining purification tank, a cyclone and an axial-flow paddle wheel, wherein a transmission seat and an input pump are fixedly arranged on the surface of the fixed base, the transmission seat is used for driving the axial-flow paddle wheel and the input pump, the refining purification tank comprises a primary separation tank, a secondary separation tank and a top cover, the secondary separation tank is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the primary separation tank, the primary separation tank is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the transmission seat and sleeved on the periphery of the axial-flow paddle wheel, a plurality of fasteners matched with the top cover are arranged on the surface of the secondary separation tank, and the cyclone is fixedly arranged on the surface of the top cover;
The cyclone comprises a cyclone cylinder, a flange cover, a liquid outlet pipe and a slag removing cylinder fixed on the inner side of the cyclone cylinder, wherein the surface of the cyclone cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet pipe which is arranged in a tangential mode, the liquid outlet pipe is fixedly arranged on a central shaft on the surface of the flange cover, the flange cover is in threaded connection with the top end of the cyclone cylinder, a bottom guide cover is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the slag removing cylinder, an inner separation cylinder is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the slag removing cylinder, a rotary channel is arranged on the opposite surface of the slag removing cylinder and the inner separation cylinder, and a sedimentation cylinder is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the inner separation cylinder.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the liquid outlet end of the input pump is connected with the end part of the liquid inlet pipe through a pipeline, the input pump is used for pressurizing and conveying the liquid input by the liquid inlet pipe, and one side of the transmission seat is connected with a driving motor in a transmission way.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the axial-flow paddle wheel is of a conical structure, and a plurality of paddles which are arranged in a spiral direction are arranged on the surface of the axial-flow paddle wheel.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the first separation edge is of a plane edge structure, the bottom surface of the secondary separation tank is of a horn-shaped structure, the inner side of the first separation edge is provided with a horn edge parallel to the bottom end of the secondary separation tank, and the inner diameter of the secondary separation tank is smaller than that of the primary separation tank.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the second separation edge is of a horn-shaped edge structure, and the material lifting pipe is sleeved on the periphery of the slag removing cylinder and is provided with a gap for fermentation liquid to pass through with the periphery of the slag removing cylinder.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the first-stage separating tank, the second-stage separating tank, the cyclone cylinder, the deslagging cylinder and the axial-flow paddle wheel are positioned on the same vertical axis.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the slag removing cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the cyclone cylinder, gaps are formed between the periphery and the top end of the slag removing cylinder and the inner side of the cyclone cylinder as well as the bottom surface of the flange cover, gaps are formed between the bottom end of the inner separation cylinder and the top surface of the bottom guide cover, and annular grooves for storing impurities are formed in the inner sides of the sedimentation cylinder and the inner separation cylinder.
The present invention may be further configured in a preferred example to: the cyclone channel is in a spiral flow channel structure, and the sedimentation cylinder and the liquid outlet pipe are positioned on the same axis.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1. According to the invention, multistage separation and purification of fermentation liquor are realized by arranging the refining and purifying tank and the cyclone, multistage centrifugation can be carried out continuously for multiple times, so that the separation efficiency of target products and impurities is improved, purer target products are obtained, the layout structure is optimized, and the space is effectively saved by compact design and integrated structure, especially under the condition of limited production sites.
2. According to the invention, rising conveying of fermentation liquor is realized under the drive of an axial-flow paddle wheel, cyclone centrifugation is carried out, cyclone movement is carried out in the secondary separation tank and the cyclone, centrifugation is carried out, residual solids, mixed proteins, thalli and the like in slurry are trapped in the secondary separation tank and the slag removal cylinder or are led out through the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe, purified and refined fermentation semen is led out through the liquid outlet pipe, the conveying movement of the slurry and the cyclone centrifugation are synchronously realized, and the slurry can be connected into a slurry pumping pipeline for online treatment, so that the requirement of mass production is met, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. According to the invention, the first separation edge and the second separation edge are arranged in the first separation tank and the second separation tank to separate refined slurry from solid impurities, and the refined slurry is timely guided out and discharged through the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe, so that a large amount of impurities are prevented from accumulating and blocking, secondary mixing of the separated impurities is effectively prevented, and the separation and purification effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an exploded structure of a purification tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cyclone structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cyclone structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic exploded view of a deslagging drum according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
100. a fixed base; 110. a transmission seat; 120. an input pump; 130. a driving motor;
200. A refining and purifying tank; 210. a first-stage separation tank; 220. a second-stage separation tank; 230. a top cover; 211. a first separation edge; 212. a first discharge pipe; 221. a second separation edge; 222. lifting a pipe orifice; 223. a second discharge pipe;
300. A cyclone; 310. a swirl pot; 320. a flange cover; 330. a liquid outlet pipe; 340. a deslagging cylinder; 311. a liquid inlet pipe; 341. a bottom guide cover; 342. an inner barrier cylinder; 343. a sedimentation cylinder; 344. a swirl passage;
400. an axial flow paddle wheel.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
A fermentation broth refining apparatus for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by a synthetic biological method according to some embodiments of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 7, the invention provides a fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by a synthetic biological method, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a fixed base 100, a refining and purifying tank 200, a cyclone 300 and an axial-flow paddle wheel 400, wherein a transmission seat 110 and an input pump 120 are fixedly arranged on the surface of the fixed base 100, the transmission seat 110 is used for driving the axial-flow paddle wheel 400 and the input pump 120, the refining and purifying tank 200 comprises a primary separating tank 210, a secondary separating tank 220 and a top cover 230, the secondary separating tank 220 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the primary separating tank 210, the primary separating tank 210 is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the transmission seat 110 and sleeved on the periphery of the axial-flow paddle wheel 400, a plurality of fasteners matched with the top cover 230 are arranged on the surface of the secondary separating tank 220, and the cyclone 300 is fixedly arranged on the surface of the top cover 230;
The inner sides of the primary separation tank 210 and the secondary separation tank 220 are respectively provided with a first separation edge 211 and a second separation edge 221, the top end of the second separation edge 221 is provided with a material lifting pipe orifice 222, one side of the primary separation tank 210 is provided with a first discharging pipe 212 communicated with the first separation edge 211, one side of the secondary separation tank 220 is provided with a second discharging pipe 223 communicated with the surface of the second separation edge 221, the cyclone 300 comprises a cyclone barrel 310, a flange cover 320, a liquid outlet pipe 330 and a slag removing barrel 340 fixed on the inner side of the cyclone barrel 310, the surface of the cyclone barrel 310 is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 311 which is arranged in a tangential manner, the liquid outlet pipe 330 is fixedly arranged on the central shaft on the surface of the flange cover 320, the flange cover 320 is in threaded connection with the top end of the cyclone barrel 310, the bottom end of the slag removing barrel 340 is fixedly provided with a bottom guide cover 341, the inner side of the slag removing barrel 340 is fixedly provided with an inner separation barrel 342, the opposite surface of the slag removing barrel 340 and the inner separation barrel 342 is provided with a cyclone 344, and the inner side of the inner separation barrel 342 is fixedly provided with a sedimentation barrel 343.
In this embodiment, the liquid outlet end of the input pump 120 is connected to the end of the liquid inlet pipe 311 through a pipe, the input pump 120 is used for pressurizing and conveying the liquid input by the liquid inlet pipe 311, and a driving motor 130 is connected to one side of the transmission seat 110 in a transmission manner.
Specifically, the driving effect of the driving motor 130 is transmitted to the input pump 120 and the propeller 400 through the transmission mount 110, and the input pump 120 and the propeller 400 are driven.
In this embodiment, the axial-flow paddle wheel 400 has a tapered structure, and the surface of the axial-flow paddle wheel 400 is provided with a plurality of blades arranged in a spiral direction.
Specifically, the axial-flow paddle wheel 400 is utilized to rotate, so that the feed liquid performs spiral ascending motion in the first-stage separation tank 210, an upward and spiral ascending motion effect is provided for the liquid flow, and the rotational flow motion effect of the liquid flow is improved.
In this embodiment, the first separation edge 211 is a planar edge structure, the bottom surface of the second separation tank 220 is a bell mouth structure, and a bell mouth parallel to the bottom end of the second separation tank 220 is disposed on the inner side of the first separation edge 211, and the inner diameter of the second separation tank 220 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first separation tank 210.
Specifically, the rising diversion of the liquid is performed by the horn rim opening on the inner side of the first separation rim 211, and centrifugal separation is performed in the section between the upper side of the rim opening and the bottom surface of the secondary separation tank 220, so that the large-particle impurities enter the section of the first separation rim 211.
In this embodiment, the second separating edge 221 is a horn-shaped edge structure, and the material lifting pipe 222 is sleeved on the periphery of the deslagging cylinder 340 and has a gap for the fermentation liquid to pass through with the periphery of the deslagging cylinder 340.
In this embodiment, the primary separation tank 210, the secondary separation tank 220, the cyclone drum 310, the deslagging drum 340, and the axial-flow paddle wheel 400 are located on the same vertical axis.
In this embodiment, the deslagging cylinder 340 is located at the inner side of the cyclone cylinder 310, gaps are formed between the periphery and the top end of the deslagging cylinder 310 and the inner side of the cyclone cylinder 310 and the bottom surface of the flange cover 320, gaps are formed between the bottom end of the inner separation cylinder 342 and the top surface of the bottom guide cover 341, and annular grooves for storing impurities are formed between the sedimentation cylinder 343 and the inner side of the inner separation cylinder 342.
Specifically, the liquid flow moves through the periphery of the deslagging cylinder 340 under the action of the ascending rotational flow, enters the inside of the deslagging cylinder 340 from the top end of the deslagging cylinder 340, and enters the inside of the settling cylinder 343 from the bottom end of the inner separation cylinder 342, so that the fermentation refined liquid circulates.
In this embodiment, the swirl flow channel 344 has a spiral flow channel structure, and the settling drum 343 and the liquid outlet pipe 330 are located on the same axis.
Specifically, the liquid flow is guided by the cyclone channel 344 to flow in a spiral direction, and is guided to the inner side of the settling cylinder 343, and the inner side of the settling cylinder 343 is subjected to cyclone centrifugation again, so that the micro-impurities are subjected to centrifugal separation, and the separation and purification effects are further improved.
The working principle and the using flow of the invention are as follows:
In the process of refining fermentation liquor of 5-aminolevulinic acid, a fermentation stock solution pipeline is communicated with an input pump 120, pressurized and conveyed by the input pump 120, enters the interior of a cyclone cylinder 310 tangentially by a liquid inlet pipe 311, generates rotational flow motion, drives an axial flow paddle wheel 400 to rotate by a fixed base 100, and acts with stock solution to enable the stock solution to generate assistance in the same rotational flow direction as the liquid inlet pipe 311, performs dynamic compensation on the flow of the stock solution, enables the stock solution to perform high-speed centrifugal motion in a first-stage separation tank 210, performs rotational flow motion in a second-stage separation tank 220 and a cyclone 300, performs centrifugation, enables residual solids, foreign proteins, bacteria and the like in slurry to be trapped in the second-stage separation tank 220, the interior of a deslagging cylinder 340 or is led out by a first discharge pipe 212 and a second discharge pipe 223, enables the purified fermentation seminal fluid to be led out by a liquid outlet pipe 330, and synchronous slurry conveying motion and rotational flow centrifugation are realized;
The slurry is swirled at the bottom end of the second-stage separation tank 220 to ensure that larger solid impurities are trapped inside the first separation edge 211, beam current is carried out below the second separation edge 221 along with the rising motion of the liquid current, centrifugal force is increased instantly after the slurry passes through the lifting pipe port 222, further, the larger impurities are trapped above the second separation edge 221 inside the second-stage separation tank 220, impurities above the first separation edge 211 and the second separation edge 221 can be discharged by periodically opening the first discharging pipe 212 and the second discharging pipe 223, the separated fermentation refined liquid enters the slag removing cylinder 340 under the action of rising swirling flow and enters the settling cylinder 343 from the bottom of the settling cylinder 343 after passing through the swirling flow channel 344, refined raw liquid further causes smile impurities inside the settling cylinder 343 to be centrifuged and settled in a gap between the settling cylinder 343 and the inner separation cylinder 342 under the action of swirling flow inside the settling cylinder 343, and the refined liquid is led out to the next-stage refining procedure through the liquid outlet pipe 330.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The fermentation liquor refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by using a synthetic biological method comprises a fixed base (100), a refining purification tank (200), a cyclone (300) and an axial-flow paddle wheel (400), and is characterized in that a transmission seat (110) and an input pump (120) are fixedly arranged on the surface of the fixed base (100), the transmission seat (110) is used for driving transmission of the axial-flow paddle wheel (400) and the input pump (120), the refining purification tank (200) comprises a primary separation tank (210), a secondary separation tank (220) and a top cover (230), the secondary separation tank (220) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the primary separation tank (210), the primary separation tank (210) is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the transmission seat (110) and sleeved on the periphery of the axial-flow paddle wheel (400), a plurality of fasteners matched with the top cover (230) are arranged on the surface of the secondary separation tank (220), and the cyclone (300) is fixedly arranged on the surface of the top cover (230);
The cyclone separator comprises a cyclone cylinder (310), a flange cover (320), a liquid outlet pipe (330) and a slag removing cylinder (340) fixed on the inner side of the cyclone cylinder (310), wherein a material lifting pipe orifice (222) is formed in the top end of the second separation edge (221), a first discharging pipe (212) communicated with the first separation edge (211) is arranged on one side of the first separation tank (210), a second discharging pipe (223) communicated with the surface of the second separation edge (221) is arranged on one side of the second separation tank (220), the cyclone cylinder (300) comprises the cyclone cylinder (310), the flange cover (320), the liquid outlet pipe (330) and the slag removing cylinder (340) fixed on the inner side of the cyclone cylinder (310), a liquid inlet pipe (311) tangentially arranged on the surface of the cyclone cylinder (310) is arranged, the liquid outlet pipe (330) is fixedly arranged on the central axis of the surface of the flange cover (320), the flange cover (320) is in threaded connection with the top end of the cyclone cylinder (310), a bottom guide cover (341) is fixedly arranged on the bottom end of the slag removing cylinder (340), and the inner side of the cyclone cylinder (340) is fixedly provided with a slag removing guide cover (342), and the inner side of the cyclone cylinder (342) is fixedly provided with a slag removing cylinder (342).
2. The fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by using the synthetic biological method according to claim 1, wherein a liquid outlet end of the input pump (120) is connected with an end part of the liquid inlet pipe (311) through a pipeline, the input pump (120) is used for pressurizing and conveying input liquid of the liquid inlet pipe (311), and one side of the transmission seat (110) is in transmission connection with a driving motor (130).
3. The fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by using a synthetic biological method according to claim 1, wherein the axial-flow paddle wheel (400) has a conical structure, and a plurality of paddles spirally arranged are arranged on the surface of the axial-flow paddle wheel (400).
4. The fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by using the synthetic biological method according to claim 1, wherein the first separation edge (211) is of a planar edge structure, the bottom surface of the secondary separation tank (220) is of a horn mouth structure, the inner side of the first separation edge (211) is provided with a horn mouth parallel to the bottom end of the secondary separation tank (220), and the inner diameter of the secondary separation tank (220) is smaller than the inner diameter of the primary separation tank (210).
5. The fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by using the synthetic biological method according to claim 1, wherein the second separation edge (221) is of a horn-shaped edge structure, and the material lifting pipe orifice (222) is sleeved on the periphery of the deslagging cylinder (340) and is provided with a gap for passing fermentation broth with the periphery of the deslagging cylinder (340).
6. The fermentation broth refining apparatus for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid according to claim 1, wherein the primary separation tank (210), the secondary separation tank (220), the cyclone drum (310), the deslagging drum (340) and the axial-flow paddle wheel (400) are positioned on the same vertical axis.
7. The fermentation broth refining device for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid by using the synthetic biological method according to claim 1, wherein the deslagging cylinder (340) is positioned at the inner side of the cyclone cylinder (310), gaps are formed between the periphery and the top end of the deslagging cylinder (340) and the inner side of the cyclone cylinder (310) and the bottom surface of the flange cover (320), a gap is formed between the bottom end of the inner separation cylinder (342) and the top surface of the bottom guide cover (341), and annular gaps for storing impurities are formed between the settling cylinder (343) and the inner side of the inner separation cylinder (342).
8. The fermentation broth refining apparatus for producing 5-aminolevulinic acid according to claim 1, wherein the cyclone (344) has a spiral flow path structure, and the settling vessel (343) and the liquid outlet pipe (330) are located on the same axis.
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| CN105214833A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-01-06 | 迈安德集团有限公司 | A kind of cyclone overflow pulp hierarchy system and ore pulp grading technology |
| CN109675727A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 沈智奇 | Multistage dish-style cyclone separator |
| US11746312B1 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-09-05 | Separator Technology Solutions Us Inc. | Stillage clarification |
| CN215088025U (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-12-10 | 南京汇肽生物科技有限公司 | Centrifugal separation device with multistage separation mechanism |
| CN215516889U (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-01-14 | 山东智博格瑞环保科技有限公司 | Multistage deoiling device based on whirl deoiling |
| CN116474956A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-07-25 | 福建农林大学 | Filter residue refrigerated centrifuge for extracting plant essence |
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