CN117825506A - Method for testing overall elastic modulus of special-shaped refractory material - Google Patents
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- CN117825506A CN117825506A CN202410012154.6A CN202410012154A CN117825506A CN 117825506 A CN117825506 A CN 117825506A CN 202410012154 A CN202410012154 A CN 202410012154A CN 117825506 A CN117825506 A CN 117825506A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009658 destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for rapidly measuring the integral elastic modulus of a special-shaped refractory material. The method is based on a pulse excitation method, the integral natural frequency of the special-shaped sample and the elastic modulus of the standard rectangular sample are tested, and the shape factor is introduced by utilizing the internal correlation between the elastic modulus and the quality and frequency of the tested sample, so that the limitation of the shape and the size of the product in the conventional elastic modulus test is broken through, and the quick and nondestructive test of the elastic modulus value of the whole brick of the special-shaped product is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a performance evaluation method of a refractory material, in particular to a test method of the overall elastic modulus of a special-shaped refractory material.
Background
The refractory high temperature materials are required to have extremely high uniformity of performance when applied under severe conditions such as aerospace, heavy duty gas turbines, and the like; however, due to the complex conditions of multiphase, cross-scale particle size, pores, microcracks and the like in the refractory material composition, especially the parameters of mechanical property, thermal shock resistance and the like in key service performance of the refractory material can be obtained by carrying out destructive testing, and the performance stability of the refractory material is difficult to judge by nondestructive testing.
For inorganic materials, the elastic modulus has very strong correlation with the mechanical property and the thermal shock resistance of the materials; the elastic modulus test by using the pulse excitation method belongs to a nondestructive test, so that the elastic modulus can be used as an effective means for rapidly, quantitatively and nondestructively evaluating the quality stability of a product; however, in most of the current elastic modulus testing standards or methods, certain requirements are imposed on the shape and the size of the tested sample, such as regular shapes like rectangle or cylinder; if the shape of the tested sample does not meet the specified requirement, the elastic modulus test value cannot be obtained by adopting a standard given formula; however, in the actual material production and development process, many products often do not have regular shape and size which can directly meet the test conditions, and the application of the elastic modulus in the product quality control is greatly limited; therefore, the method for testing the elastic modulus of the whole brick sample rapidly and nondestructively has important significance for quality control and on-line detection of industrial field products.
Patent CN202110708606.0 establishes a research method for quantitatively and nondestructively characterizing product performance stability by using a whole brick sample elastic modulus indicator test by means of a comparative fit between the whole brick sample elastic modulus indicator (non-real value) and a rectangular sample elastic modulus measurement obtained after destructive sampling. The method needs more sample size (destructive sampling) to obtain a good fitting effect, and has certain interference on the test result when the approximate value of the shape parameter is used for the elastic modulus indication test of the whole brick sample.
Therefore, a test method capable of rapidly, nondestructively and accurately evaluating the elastic modulus of the special-shaped refractory material so as to judge the uniformity of the performance and the quality stability of the product is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the integral elastic modulus of a special-shaped refractory material, which can realize the rapid acquisition of the integral elastic modulus data of the special-shaped refractory material under the condition of not damaging the special-shaped refractory material, thereby realizing the high-efficiency control of the quality stability of special-shaped refractory products.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical points to accomplish the purposes:
the method relies on the calculation formula of elastic modulus parameters in the existing elastic modulus test standard, and introduces a shape factor and a related test method, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) S1, introducing a shape factor;
according to GB/T30758, the elastic modulus of a standard rectangular sample is calculated as follows:
in the formula (1): e is the elastic modulus of the sample, pa; m is the mass of the rectangular sample, g; l, b and t are respectively the length, width and thickness of the rectangular sample, and mm; f (f) 1 Hz, the natural frequency of the test specimen; t (T) 1 A correction coefficient for the influence of the limited width and poisson ratio of the test sample on the bending base harmonic vibration mode;
according to formula (1): the modulus of elasticity of a sample is related to its natural frequency, mass and dimensions, which vary with shape for a certain material product, but its modulus of elasticity is unchanged. The shape of the whole brick sample and the rectangular sample is fixed, the size correlation between the whole brick sample and the rectangular sample is kept unchanged, the correlation between the whole brick sample and the rectangular sample is defined as a shape coefficient K, and the elastic modulus of a test sample is only proportional to the square of the mass and the natural frequency of the test sample, namely the elastic moduli of different shapes of the same sample can be calculated by the formula (2):
in the formula (2): e is elastic modulus, pa; m is the mass of the sample and g; f1 is the natural frequency of the test sample, hz; k is a shape factor;
(2) S2, selecting one or more special-shaped refractory bricks of a certain model, and weighing the whole mass m of the special-shaped refractory bricks 0 Then the integral frequency f is measured by an elastic modulus tester 0 ；
(3) S3: cutting the special-shaped refractory bricks into standard rectangular samples, measuring three parameters of mass m, length L, width b and thickness T of the standard rectangular samples, inputting the parameters m, L, b and T into an elastic modulus tester according to GB/T30758, and automatically measuring and outputting the elastic modulus E of the tester;
(4) S4: based on the characteristic that the elastic modulus E of the same material does not change along with the shape, the whole brick mass m of the special-shaped refractory brick obtained in the step S2 0 、f 0 Substituting the elastic modulus E obtained in the step S3 into the formula (2) in the step S1 to obtain a shape factor K of the special-shaped refractory brick;
(5) S5: selecting other special-shaped refractory bricks with the same material and model, weighing and recording the mass of the special-shaped refractory bricks, measuring and recording the frequency of the special-shaped refractory bricks on an elastic modulus tester, substituting the shape factor K of the special-shaped refractory bricks with the model obtained by calculation in the step S4 into the formula (2) in the step S1, and obtaining the elastic modulus parameter of the special-shaped refractory bricks with the model under the condition of no damage;
(6) S6: and (5) verifying the reliability of the test method. And (3) processing the special-shaped refractory bricks in the step S5 according to the step S3, measuring the elastic modulus of the standard rectangular test sample, and comparing the elastic modulus with the elastic modulus of the whole brick obtained in the step S5 through a shape factor, wherein the smaller the deviation between the elastic modulus and the whole brick is, the better the reliability of the method is.
In the process, a special-shaped refractory brick with the same material can be selected, or a plurality of special-shaped refractory bricks with the same material can be selected, and when a plurality of special-shaped refractory bricks with the same material are selected, the values of the time frequency, the elastic modulus and the shape coefficient factor are all obtained according to the average value.
The test of the whole brick frequency belongs to nondestructive test, a certain point on the surface of the special-shaped refractory brick is selected as a vibration excitation point, vibration is generated by lightly knocking at the point, a microphone or other similar tools are used for receiving a radio frequency signal, namely a receiving point, in the other area of the refractory brick, and the elastic modulus measuring instrument displays the frequency data of the refractory brick through processing.
The test result of the frequency is related to the excitation point and the receiving point during the test, so that the same or fixed vibration excitation point and the audio receiving point need to be selected during the test of the frequency of the special-shaped refractory bricks.
When the homogeneity of the selected test sample has certain deviation, the method can lead the elastic modulus obtained in S3 and S5 to generate larger deviation, and at the moment, in the test of the rectangular elastic modulus, the error can be eliminated by adopting multi-part sample preparation.
According to the method, the shape factor is introduced into the test of the elastic modulus of the whole brick, the elastic modulus value of the sample can be obtained rapidly by only weighing the mass and testing the frequency of the whole brick, the measurement step of the sample size is omitted for standard shape products, the operation is simplified, and the accurate detection of the elastic modulus of special-shaped products with complex shapes under the complete state of the products is realized. Therefore, the method breaks through the limitation of the shape and the size of the product in the existing elastic modulus test method, and the characteristics of rapidness, accuracy and no damage are very suitable for the production quality control of the product with higher requirements on performance stability.
The convenience of the method makes it easy to carry out full-coverage rapid test on the product in industrial production, so that abnormal products with larger value deviation can be screened out. Compared with parameters such as frequency and the like which are related to the material and the shape, the elastic modulus is only related to the material, so that the method not only can screen the quality stability and the internal uniformity of a certain model product of the determined material, but also can compare the performance and analyze the quality stability of different models products in the material.
Detailed Description
Three special-shaped refractory materials with obvious differences in external dimensions are selected, and a HEMT model or MK model elastic modulus measuring instrument is used for testing. The three types are marked as A-C, 3 ceramic tiles of each type are selected, and numbering is carried out according to the form of A1-A3.
The mass and resonance frequency f of the whole brick samples of each type of firebrick were measured, and then destructive sample preparation was performed to obtain standard rectangular samples of 160mm×40mm×30mm, and the elastic modulus value E0 thereof was measured according to GB/T30758-2014.
From the mass m, resonance frequency f and elastic modulus E of the known shaped refractory brick sample, the shape factor K for the corresponding brick shape is obtained by substituting the calculation in formula (2), as shown in table 1. The shape factor of each three bricks in table 1 was averaged to give the shape factor K of the brick type, see table 2.
TABLE 1 shaped refractory brick integrating quality and frequency test data summary table
TABLE 2 form factor of refractory bricks of different bricks
3 samples are randomly selected from the 3 brick types, and the whole brick mass m and the resonance frequency f are tested according to the form numbers of A4-A6. The overall elastic modulus E of each type of refractory brick was calculated using the obtained form factor K, and then compared with the elastic modulus E0 of the rectangular standard sample obtained by testing after each destructive sample preparation, and the results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the deviation of the elastic modulus measured by the shape factor of the three types of special-shaped refractory bricks and the measured value of the rectangular sample is within 5%, and the deviation is within 0.7 from the absolute value of the data. Therefore, the rapid detection of the special-shaped refractory bricks can be realized by adopting the shape coefficients, and the deviation of the detection values is in the standard allowable range.
Table 3 elastic modulus data comparison
Claims (4)
1. A method for testing the overall elastic modulus of a special-shaped refractory material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the testing method comprises the following specific steps:
the test method relies on a calculation formula of elastic modulus parameters in the existing elastic modulus test standard, and comprises the following specific steps of:
s1, introduction of form factor:
according to GB/T30758, the elastic modulus of a standard rectangular sample is calculated as follows:
in the formula (1): e is the elastic modulus of the sample, pa; m is the mass of the rectangular sample, g; l, b and t are respectively the length, width and thickness of the rectangular sample, and mm; f (f) 1 Hz, the natural frequency of the test specimen; t (T) 1 A correction coefficient for the influence of the limited width and poisson ratio of the test sample on the bending base harmonic vibration mode;
according to formula (1): the modulus of elasticity of a sample is related to its natural frequency, mass and dimensions, which vary with shape for a certain material product, but its modulus of elasticity is unchanged. The shape of the whole brick sample and the rectangular sample is fixed, the size correlation between the whole brick sample and the rectangular sample is kept unchanged, the correlation between the whole brick sample and the rectangular sample is defined as a shape coefficient K, and the elastic modulus of a test sample is only proportional to the square of the mass and the natural frequency of the test sample, namely the elastic moduli of different shapes of the same sample can be calculated by the formula (2):
in the formula (2): e is elastic modulus, pa; m is the mass of the sample and g; f (f) 1 Hz, the natural frequency of the test specimen; k is a shape factor;
s2, selecting one or more special-shaped refractory bricks of a certain model, and weighing the whole mass m of the special-shaped refractory bricks 0 Then the integral frequency f is measured by an elastic modulus tester 0 ；
S3: cutting the special-shaped refractory bricks into standard rectangular samples, measuring three parameters of mass m, length L, width b and thickness T of the standard rectangular samples, inputting the parameters m, L, b and T into an elastic modulus tester according to GB/T30758, and automatically measuring and outputting the elastic modulus E of the tester;
s4: based on the characteristic that the elastic modulus E of the same material does not change along with the shape, the whole brick mass m of the special-shaped refractory brick obtained in the step S2 0 、f 0 Substituting the elastic modulus E obtained in the step S3 into the formula (2) in the step S1 to obtain a shape factor K of the special-shaped refractory brick;
s5: selecting other special-shaped refractory bricks with the same material and model, weighing and recording the mass of the special-shaped refractory bricks, measuring and recording the frequency of the special-shaped refractory bricks on an elastic modulus tester, substituting the shape factor K of the special-shaped refractory bricks with the model obtained by calculation in the step S4 into the formula (2) in the step S1, and obtaining the elastic modulus parameter of the special-shaped refractory bricks with the model under the condition of no damage;
s6: the reliability of the test method is verified; and (3) processing the special-shaped refractory bricks in the step S5 according to the step S3, measuring the elastic modulus of the standard rectangular test sample, and comparing the elastic modulus with the elastic modulus of the whole brick obtained in the step S5 through a shape factor, wherein the smaller the deviation between the elastic modulus and the whole brick is, the better the reliability of the method is.
2. The method for testing the overall elastic modulus of the special-shaped refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the test of the whole brick frequency belongs to nondestructive test, a certain point on the surface of the special-shaped refractory brick is selected as a vibration excitation point, vibration is generated by lightly knocking at the point, a microphone or other similar tools are used for receiving a radio frequency signal, namely a receiving point, in the other area of the refractory brick, and the elastic modulus measuring instrument displays the frequency data of the refractory brick through processing.
3. The method for testing the overall elastic modulus of the special-shaped refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the test result of the frequency is related to the excitation point and the receiving point during the test, so that the same or fixed vibration excitation point and the audio receiving point need to be selected during the test of the frequency of the special-shaped refractory bricks.
4. The method for testing the overall elastic modulus of the special-shaped refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when a certain deviation exists in the homogeneity of the selected test sample, a larger deviation is generated in the elastic modulus obtained in S3 and S5, and at this time, in the test of the rectangular elastic modulus, the error can be eliminated by adopting multi-part sample preparation.
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