CN116609589A - Conductivity test compensation method for alloy plate in low-temperature environment - Google Patents
Conductivity test compensation method for alloy plate in low-temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116609589A CN116609589A CN202310729676.3A CN202310729676A CN116609589A CN 116609589 A CN116609589 A CN 116609589A CN 202310729676 A CN202310729676 A CN 202310729676A CN 116609589 A CN116609589 A CN 116609589A
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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Abstract
A conductivity test compensation method for alloy plates in a low-temperature environment belongs to the field of measurement. The application aims to solve the problem of poor accuracy of the conductivity of the alloy material measured in the low-temperature environment. The method for solving variance is that firstly, an alloy plate with good uniformity and small fluctuation is selected from a plurality of alloy plates made of the same material, then a small block is cut from the alloy plate and is taken as a parent metal to be sent to a laboratory, the conductivity of the wood plate at the environment temperature of 20 ℃ is accurately measured in the laboratory and is taken as a calibration value, the average value of the conductivity of the parent metal in each low-temperature environment is measured, the calibration value, the average value of the conductivity of the parent metal in each low-temperature environment and a formula are utilized to obtain the compensation coefficient of the average low-temperature environment, the average temperature compensation coefficient is assigned to a conductivity measuring instrument, and the temperature compensation function of the instrument is combined, so that the compensation of the conductivity is realized. It is used for compensating the conductivity in the low-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to conductivity measurement, and belongs to the field of measurement.
Background
With the development of national defense and aviation products, higher requirements are put forward on the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy. The indexes such as strength, hardness and plasticity which are always used for testing the performance of the aluminum alloy can not fully reflect the comprehensive performance. The electrical properties of metallic materials are becoming more and more important as one of the indicators reflecting their overall properties. In particular, the electrical conductivity, which is one of the electrical performance indexes of the metal material, reflects not only the electrical conductivity of the material, but also the composition and internal structure of the material, which in turn is related to the heat-treated state thereof. Therefore, the electrical conductivity of a material must have a certain correlation with its heat treatment state and mechanical properties (since the mechanical properties of a material are also dependent on the composition and internal structure of the material). In recent years, most processing enterprises at home and abroad have adopted a conductivity measuring method to determine the heat treatment process and certain mechanical properties of the alloy.
In the conductivity detection standards at home and abroad, the conductivity values are the conductivity values of the material at 20 ℃. The metal conductivity value often produces great fluctuation along with the change of ambient temperature, and when ambient temperature reduces, the conductivity value of survey is generally higher, and to factory building temperature lower, can lead to job site environment and 20 ℃ to differ greatly, hardly satisfies the ambient temperature test condition of standard requirement, easily leads to because the conductivity test value is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems of poor conductivity and accuracy of the existing alloy material measured in a low-temperature environment, and provides a conductivity test compensation method of an alloy plate in the low-temperature environment.
The conductivity test compensation method of the alloy plate in the low-temperature environment comprises the following steps:
step 1, taking a plurality of alloy plates of the same material, setting a plurality of sampling environment temperatures, wherein each sampling environment temperature value is in a range of 0-20 ℃, traversing each sampling environment temperature, measuring the conductivities of a plurality of position points on each alloy plate by using a conductivity measuring instrument at each sampling environment temperature, and taking an average value to obtain the average value of the conductivities of each alloy at each sampling environment temperature; the temperature of each sampling environment temperature is different;
step 2, obtaining conductivity variance of each alloy plate according to the average value of conductivity of each alloy at each sampling ambient temperature and the conductivity of each position point on each alloy plate;
step 3, selecting an alloy plate with the minimum conductivity variance from the conductivity variances of the plurality of alloy plates obtained in the step 2, cutting the alloy plate into a next piece from the alloy plate to be used as a base material, obtaining the conductivity of the base material at the environment temperature of 20 ℃ to be used as a calibration value, and obtaining the average value of the conductivity of the base material at each sampling environment temperature;
step 4, bringing the average value of the conductivity of the base material at each sampling environment temperature, the temperature compensation coefficient of the base material of the conductivity measuring instrument and the sampling environment temperature value into a conductivity average value formula, and bringing the calibration value and the sampling environment temperature value into a calibration value formula of 20 ℃, and combining the conductivity average value formula and the calibration value formula of 20 ℃ at the same sampling environment temperature value to obtain the actual temperature compensation coefficient at each sampling environment temperature;
step 5, averaging the actual temperature compensation coefficients at a plurality of sampling environment temperatures to obtain an average temperature compensation coefficient;
and 6, assigning the average temperature compensation coefficient to a conductivity measuring instrument so as to realize compensation of conductivity.
Preferably, there are 3 sampling ambient temperatures, 5 ℃,10 ℃ and 15 ℃, respectively.
Preferably, the conductivity average formula:
wherein T is 20 At 20 ℃, T Ambient temperature For sampling ambient temperature value, alpha Instrument for measuring and controlling the intensity of light To compensate the temperature of the base material of the conductivity measuring instrument,is the conductivity value at the sampled ambient temperature value.
Preferably, in step 4, the formula of calibration value at 20 ℃ is:
wherein alpha is Actual practice is that of Is the actual temperature compensation coefficient.
Preferably, in step 6, the compensation formula for the conductivity is:
σ T =σ 20 (1+α·dT);
wherein alpha is an average temperature compensation coefficient, sigma 20 dT is the temperature difference between the actual temperature and 20 ℃, sigma, for calibration value T The conductivity value of the current alloy sheet at the temperature T.
Preferably, in step 1, the conductivity of a plurality of position points on each alloy sheet is measured by using a conductivity measuring instrument, specifically:
10 position points are taken on each alloy plate, wherein the 10 position points are respectively 1 position point at four corners of the plate, 1 position point at the middle position and 5 position points at other positions except four corners and the middle;
and respectively measuring the conductivity of 5 position points which are respectively arranged at four corners and the middle position on each alloy plate by using a conductivity measuring instrument.
Preferably, in step 1, the alloy sheet is an aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the conductivity measurement instrument is a Host 2.069 vortex conductivity meter.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the method for solving the variance firstly selects an alloy plate with good uniformity and small fluctuation from a plurality of alloy plates made of the same material, and the alloy plate has good uniformity, which means that the conductivity of each position point on the alloy plate is uniform. Then cutting a small block from the alloy plate as a parent material, sending the parent material to a laboratory, accurately measuring the conductivity of the wood board at the environmental temperature of 20 ℃ in the laboratory as a calibration value, then measuring the average value of the conductivity of the parent material at each low temperature environment, obtaining the compensation coefficient of the average low temperature environment by using the calibration value, the average value of the conductivity of the parent material at each low temperature environment and a formula, inputting the coefficient into a conductivity measuring instrument for measurement, and measuring the plate of the same material as the parent material by using the conductivity measuring instrument again, wherein the conductivity is an accurate value, and the value is equivalent to the conductivity measured at the environmental temperature of 20 ℃, so that the compensation coefficient is more accurate.
Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of conductivity test under lower environment temperature (sampling environment temperature), improve the problem of difference between the conductivity values of the plates under the low temperature environment (5-15 ℃) and 20 ℃, establish test compensation methods under different sampling environment temperatures, namely adopt a method for determining the temperature compensation coefficient, so that the compensated instrument can be applied to low-temperature production field detection, accurate measurement is realized, and nondestructive detection is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conductivity test compensation method for an alloy sheet in a low temperature environment;
FIG. 2 shows the location points taken on the alloy sheet.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The application is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for compensating conductivity test of an alloy sheet in a low-temperature environment according to the present embodiment is described, and includes the following steps:
step 1, taking a plurality of alloy plates of the same material, setting a plurality of sampling environment temperatures, wherein each sampling environment temperature value is in a range of 0-20 ℃, traversing each sampling environment temperature, measuring the conductivities of a plurality of position points on each alloy plate by using a conductivity measuring instrument at each sampling environment temperature, and taking an average value to obtain the average value of the conductivities of each alloy at each sampling environment temperature; the temperature of each sampling environment temperature is different;
step 2, obtaining conductivity variance of each alloy plate according to the average value of conductivity of each alloy at each sampling ambient temperature and the conductivity of each position point on each alloy plate;
step 3, selecting an alloy plate with the minimum conductivity variance from the conductivity variances of the plurality of alloy plates obtained in the step 2, cutting the alloy plate into a next piece from the alloy plate to be used as a base material, obtaining the conductivity of the base material at the environment temperature of 20 ℃ to be used as a calibration value, and obtaining the average value of the conductivity of the base material at each sampling environment temperature;
step 4, bringing the average value of the conductivity of the base material at each sampling environment temperature, the temperature compensation coefficient of the base material of the conductivity measuring instrument and the sampling environment temperature value into a conductivity average value formula, and bringing the calibration value and the sampling environment temperature value into a calibration value formula of 20 ℃, and combining the conductivity average value formula and the calibration value formula of 20 ℃ at the same sampling environment temperature value to obtain the actual temperature compensation coefficient at each sampling environment temperature;
step 5, averaging the actual temperature compensation coefficients at a plurality of sampling environment temperatures to obtain an average temperature compensation coefficient;
and 6, assigning the average temperature compensation coefficient to a conductivity measuring instrument so as to realize compensation of conductivity.
In this embodiment, the specific process of step 6 is as follows: the average temperature compensation coefficient is input into a conductivity and temperature relation in the conductivity measuring instrument, when the conductivity measuring instrument is used for measuring alloy plates of the same material as the base metal, the probe of the conductivity measuring instrument inputs the sensed surface temperature of the alloy plates into the conductivity and temperature relation, the conductivity and temperature relation outputs the conductivity value of the current alloy plates, and the value is displayed on the conductivity measuring instrument, so that the conductivity compensation is realized.
The alloy plate with the minimum conductivity variance is a plate with uniform conductivity, and the conductivity of the plate is used for calibrating the plate with low temperature, so that the measured conductivity of the plate under the condition of low temperature is more accurate.
In the step 2, the method for obtaining the conductivity variance of each alloy plate is as follows:
for example, the sampling ambient temperature is 3, 5 ℃,10 ℃ and 15 ℃, respectively; selecting a piece of alloy with uniform conductivity from 3 pieces of alloy, measuring conductivity values of 2 position points on the 1 st piece of alloy at 5 ℃, wherein the conductivity of the two points is respectively n 11 And m 11 Indicating that the conductivity values of 2 points on the 1 st alloy are measured at 10 ℃ and the conductivities of two points are respectively represented by n 12 And m 12 Indicating that the conductivity values of 2 points on the 1 st alloy are measured at 15 ℃, and the conductivities of the two points are respectively n 13 And m 13 A representation; conductivity designations for 2 points on alloy 2 and alloy 3 are also as for alloy 1; the average value of the conductivity of the first alloy at 5℃ isThe average value is represented by f;
the average value of the conductivity of each alloy at each sampling ambient temperature and the conductivity of a plurality of position points on each alloy sheet are shown in the following table:
table 1:
the base material of the application is manufactured in strict compliance with the requirements of the specification of the conductivity standard sample in GB/T12966-2008 and ASTM E1004-2017|MIL-STD-1537C. The base material should have a size of not less than 25mm by 25mm, a thickness of not less than 5mm, and a surface roughness parameter (Ra) of not more than 3.2 μm.
The second embodiment is as follows: the method for compensating the conductivity test of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the first embodiment is further limited, and in the present embodiment, the sampling environment temperatures are 3, namely 5 ℃,10 ℃ and 15 ℃.
In this embodiment, 3 temperature values are selected because one temperature value is selected every 5 ℃; one temperature value is selected every 5 ℃, and 3 temperature values are selected because the conductivity difference within 5 ℃ is not large. It is better if more low temperature values can be measured.
And a third specific embodiment: the method for compensating the conductivity test of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the first embodiment is further defined, and in the present embodiment, in step 4, the average value formula of the conductivity is as follows:
wherein T is 20 At 20 ℃, T Ambient temperature For sampling ambient temperature value, alpha Instrument for measuring and controlling the intensity of light To compensate the temperature of the base material of the conductivity measuring instrument,is the conductivity value at the sampled ambient temperature value.
In the present embodiment, α Instrument for measuring and controlling the intensity of light The value, that is, the temperature compensation coefficient of the base material, can be found according to the temperature compensation coefficient table of the conductivity measuring instrument, which is provided with different materials.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the method for compensating the conductivity test of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the third embodiment is further defined, in the present embodiment, in step 4, a formula of a calibration value at 20 ℃ is as follows:
wherein alpha is Actual practice is that of Is the actual temperature compensation coefficient.
In this embodiment, taking 3 sampling environmental temperature values of 5 ℃,10 ℃ and 15 ℃ as examples, a conductivity average value formula and a conductivity calibration value formula of 20 ℃ are connected in parallel to calculate an average temperature compensation coefficient of the alloy;
TABLE 2 temperature Compensation coefficient of 2124-TB51 alloy at 5-15℃
Fifth embodiment: the method for compensating the conductivity of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the fourth embodiment is further limited, and in the present embodiment, in step 6, the formula for compensating the conductivity is as follows:
σ T =σ 20 (1+α·dT);
wherein alpha is an average temperature compensation coefficient, sigma 20 dT is the temperature difference between the actual temperature and 20 ℃, sigma, for calibration value T The conductivity value of the current alloy sheet at the temperature T.
In the present embodiment, σ T The conductivity value of the current alloy sheet material output in the step 6.
Specific embodiment six: the method for testing and compensating the electrical conductivity of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the first embodiment is further limited, in the step 1, the electrical conductivity of a plurality of position points on each alloy sheet material is measured by using an electrical conductivity measuring instrument, specifically:
10 position points are taken on each alloy plate, wherein the 10 position points are respectively 1 position point at four corners of the plate, 1 position point at the middle position and 5 position points at other positions except four corners and the middle;
and respectively measuring the conductivity of 5 position points which are respectively arranged at four corners and the middle position on each alloy plate by using a conductivity measuring instrument.
In this embodiment, the conductivity measuring instrument may also measure the conductivity of more than 5 positions on each alloy sheet, such as 6 positions in total at four corners, in the middle position, and in other 1 positions except four corners and in the middle, respectively.
The more location points are taken, the more accurate the calculation.
The conductivity measurement points in fig. 2 refer to location points.
Seventh embodiment: the method for compensating the conductivity test of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the first embodiment is further limited, and in the step 1, the alloy sheet material is an aluminum alloy.
Eighth embodiment: the method for compensating the conductivity test of the alloy sheet material in the low-temperature environment according to the first embodiment is further limited, and in this embodiment, the conductivity measuring instrument is a hast 2.069 eddy current conductivity meter.
In the embodiment, the conductivity measuring instrument selected by the application is a Host 2.069 eddy current conductivity instrument, and has good stability, sensitivity and lift-off effect; probe: 8mm/14mm; when the conductivity measuring instrument is used for measuring the aluminum alloy at low temperature, the aluminum alloy base material is selected for calibration, and if the conductivity measuring instrument is used for measuring the nickel base material at low temperature, the nickel base material is selected for calibration.
When the application is used for field detection, the following requirements are required:
(1) The conductivity measuring instrument is started, preheating and debugging are carried out according to the instruction of the conductivity measuring instrument, and the preheating time is 20 minutes generally.
(2) Ensure stability of the instrument readings and then make all necessary settings and adjustments to the device. And calibrating the conductivity meter by using low-value, medium-value and high-value standard blocks, stably placing the probe at the center of the standard block during calibration, measuring the medium-value standard block after the calibration of the meter, and if the deviation between the average value of three measurement values and the standard value is not more than +/-0.2 MS/m, re-calibrating the meter. After the calibration is completed, the probe is placed on the tested test piece, and the measurement result is read on the display screen.
(3) The conductivity meter should be re-calibrated every 15 minutes before the test, in the case of continuous use of the conductivity meter, after the test is completed. And if the deviation of the verification value exceeds 0.2MS/m, re-verifying, and re-testing all the test pieces tested after the last verification.
(4) The sheet should be measured at representative locations such as the center and near the corners. At least 5-10 test sites are selected for measurement, and the test value of the conductivity of the test point is read (the probe should be placed in a region with a certain distance from the edge of the plate for measurement, so as to avoid edge effect).
Although the application herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present application. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features described herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The conductivity test compensation method for the alloy plate in the low-temperature environment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, taking a plurality of alloy plates of the same material, setting a plurality of sampling environment temperatures, wherein each sampling environment temperature value is in a range of 0-20 ℃, traversing each sampling environment temperature, measuring the conductivities of a plurality of position points on each alloy plate by using a conductivity measuring instrument at each sampling environment temperature, and taking an average value to obtain the average value of the conductivities of each alloy at each sampling environment temperature; the temperature of each sampling environment temperature is different;
step 2, obtaining conductivity variance of each alloy plate according to the average value of conductivity of each alloy at each sampling ambient temperature and the conductivity of each position point on each alloy plate;
step 3, selecting an alloy plate with the minimum conductivity variance from the conductivity variances of the plurality of alloy plates obtained in the step 2, cutting the alloy plate into a next piece from the alloy plate to be used as a base material, obtaining the conductivity of the base material at the environment temperature of 20 ℃ to be used as a calibration value, and obtaining the average value of the conductivity of the base material at each sampling environment temperature;
step 4, bringing the average value of the conductivity of the base material at each sampling environment temperature, the temperature compensation coefficient of the base material of the conductivity measuring instrument and the sampling environment temperature value into a conductivity average value formula, and bringing the calibration value and the sampling environment temperature value into a calibration value formula of 20 ℃, and combining the conductivity average value formula and the calibration value formula of 20 ℃ at the same sampling environment temperature value to obtain the actual temperature compensation coefficient at each sampling environment temperature;
step 5, averaging the actual temperature compensation coefficients at a plurality of sampling environment temperatures to obtain an average temperature compensation coefficient;
and 6, assigning the average temperature compensation coefficient to a conductivity measuring instrument so as to realize compensation of conductivity.
2. The method for compensating for conductivity testing of alloy sheet material under low temperature environment according to claim 1, wherein the sampling environment temperatures are 3, 5 ℃,10 ℃ and 15 ℃ respectively.
3. The method for compensating for conductivity testing of alloy sheet material in low temperature environment according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the average value of conductivity is expressed by the formula:
wherein T is 20 At 20 ℃, T Ambient temperature For sampling ambient temperature value, alpha Instrument for measuring and controlling the intensity of light To compensate the temperature of the base material of the conductivity measuring instrument,is the conductivity value at the sampled ambient temperature value.
4. The method for compensating for conductivity test of alloy sheet material under low temperature environment according to claim 3, wherein in step 4, the formula of calibration value at 20 ℃ is:
wherein alpha is Actual practice is that of Is the actual temperature compensation coefficient.
5. The method for compensating conductivity test of alloy sheet material in low temperature environment according to claim 4, wherein in step 6, the formula for compensating conductivity is:
σ T =σ 20 (1+α·dT);
wherein alpha is an average temperature compensation coefficient, sigma 20 dT is the temperature difference between the actual temperature and 20 ℃, sigma, for calibration value T The conductivity value of the current alloy sheet at the temperature T.
6. The method for compensating conductivity test of alloy sheet material in low temperature environment according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, conductivity of a plurality of position points on each alloy sheet material is measured by using a conductivity measuring instrument, specifically:
10 position points are taken on each alloy plate, wherein the 10 position points are respectively 1 position point at four corners of the plate, 1 position point at the middle position and 5 position points at other positions except four corners and the middle;
and respectively measuring the conductivity of 5 position points which are respectively arranged at four corners and the middle position on each alloy plate by using a conductivity measuring instrument.
7. The method for compensating for conductivity test of alloy sheet material in low temperature environment according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the alloy sheet material is aluminum alloy.
8. The method for compensating conductivity test of alloy sheet material in low temperature environment according to claim 1, wherein the conductivity measuring instrument is a Host 2.069 eddy current conductivity instrument.
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