CN117825187B - Pile foundation detection system and detection method based on falling weight static and dynamic method - Google Patents
Pile foundation detection system and detection method based on falling weight static and dynamic method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117825187B CN117825187B CN202410217175.1A CN202410217175A CN117825187B CN 117825187 B CN117825187 B CN 117825187B CN 202410217175 A CN202410217175 A CN 202410217175A CN 117825187 B CN117825187 B CN 117825187B
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Abstract
The invention provides a pile foundation detection system and a pile foundation detection method based on a falling weight static and dynamic method, and relates to the technical field of pile foundation detection. The bottom adjusting unit is used as a supporting piece of the whole device, the stability of the whole device is ensured, the leveling function is realized, the heavy hammer assembly can be lifted to the corresponding set height by the lifting module according to the test requirement in the main body testing unit, so as to meet the requirements of different hammering forces, the heavy hammer assembly can be braked by the braking module to prevent the heavy hammer from hammering the pile foundation secondarily, and the elastic unit can have longer duration time on the hammering force of the pile body in the hammering process to better meet the pile foundation detection technical requirement of a static and dynamic method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation detection, in particular to a pile foundation detection system and method based on a falling weight static and dynamic method.
Background
Pile foundation is a deep foundation composed of piles and pile caps connected with pile tops or a single pile foundation connected with the piles, pile foundation detection is an important link in engineering construction and is mainly used for detecting the integrity and reliability of the pile foundation, the technical scheme commonly used in the prior art is a static load method and a dynamic load method, the static load method has the defects of long test time, high cost and low efficiency, and the dynamic load method has the defects of easy damage to pile heads, difficult data interpretation and large artificial factors, so that a device and a method capable of improving the defects of the prior art are needed to be applied to the construction field of pile foundation detection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a pile foundation detection system and a detection method based on a falling weight static and dynamic method, which are used for solving the problems in the background art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a pile foundation detection system based on a falling weight static and dynamic method, comprising:
the device comprises a bottom adjusting unit, a main body testing unit and an elastic unit;
the bottom adjusting unit comprises a supporting main body and an auxiliary supporting component, the auxiliary supporting component is arranged on the outer side of the supporting main body, and the bottom adjusting unit is used for supporting the main body testing unit;
The main body testing unit comprises a main body frame, a heavy hammer assembly, a lifting module and a braking module, wherein a pile foundation alignment opening is formed in the bottom of the main body frame, the lifting module is installed on the main body frame, a first sliding assembly is arranged between the heavy hammer assembly and the main body frame, the heavy hammer assembly is slidably installed in the main body frame through the first sliding assembly, the lifting module drives the heavy hammer assembly to ascend, and the braking module is used for braking the heavy hammer assembly;
The elastic unit is arranged in the main body frame, the bottom of the elastic unit is aligned with the pile foundation alignment opening, and the top of the elastic unit is positioned below the heavy hammer assembly.
Optionally, a first mounting hole is formed in the top of the supporting main body, a second mounting hole is formed in the bottom of the main body frame, the supporting main body and the main body frame are fixedly connected through a positioning connecting piece, the positioning connecting piece is matched with the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole respectively, a movable roller is arranged at the bottom of the supporting main body and hinged to the bottom of the supporting main body, the supporting main body is vertically penetrated, and the pile foundation alignment opening is formed in the bottom of the supporting main body;
The auxiliary support assembly comprises support legs and support feet, the inner sides of the support legs are rotatably arranged on the outer sides of the support main bodies, support holes are formed in the outer sides of the support legs, the support feet are matched with the support holes through adjusting locking pieces, the support feet can be vertically moved and adjusted in the support holes, foot plates are arranged at the bottoms of the support feet, and the foot plates are rotatably arranged at the bottoms of the support feet through spherical hinges.
Optionally, the elastic unit includes locating plate and a plurality of elastic component, each elastic component evenly distributed installs on the locating plate, the elastic component includes spring, elastic connection board and elastic contact board, the bottom of spring is passed through elastic connection board is fixed on the locating plate, elastic contact board is fixed the top of spring.
Optionally, the weight assembly includes a weight pocket and a plurality of balancing weights, a weight accommodating cavity is arranged in the weight pocket, the balancing weights are placed in the weight accommodating cavity, a plurality of transmission holes are formed in the weight pocket, the transmission holes are distributed on the outer side walls of the front side and the rear side of the weight pocket from top to bottom, and the transmission holes are matched with the lifting modules;
The first sliding assembly comprises a heavy-load guide rail and a heavy-load slide block, the heavy-load slide block is in sliding fit with the heavy-load guide rail, the heavy-load guide rail is vertically arranged on the main body frame, and the counterweight pocket is connected with the slide block through an adapter.
Optionally, lifting modules are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the main body frame, the lifting modules and the outer side wall of the counterweight pocket, which is provided with a transmission hole, are positioned on the same side, and each lifting module comprises a lifting frame, a lifting guide rail, a lifting sliding block, a hydraulic cylinder, a guide rail connecting piece, an electric telescopic rod and a lifting block;
the lifting slide block is slidingly arranged on the lifting guide rail, the lifting guide rail is arranged on the main body frame through a guide rail connecting piece, the lifting frame is connected with the lifting slide block,
The bottom of main part frame is equipped with the bottom mounting panel, the bottom of pneumatic cylinder is installed on the bottom mounting panel, the flexible end of pneumatic cylinder is connected the top of hoisting frame, the pneumatic cylinder drives the hoisting frame is followed the lift rail reciprocates.
Optionally, the electric telescopic rod is positioned at one side of the hydraulic cylinder, one end of the electric telescopic rod is rotatably arranged on the lifting frame, the other end of the electric telescopic rod is a telescopic end,
The lifting block comprises a matching part and a clamping part, an included angle is formed between the matching part and the clamping part, the matching part is rotatably installed on the lifting frame, the electric telescopic rod is connected with the lifting block through a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the matching part, a connecting rod structure is formed between the electric telescopic rod and the lifting block, a first penetrating hole is formed in the position, close to the bottom, of a backboard of the lifting frame, and the electric telescopic rod is used for driving the lifting block to rotate so as to drive the clamping part to enter and exit the first penetrating hole.
Optionally, the main body test unit further comprises a displacement detection module, wherein the displacement detection module comprises a first displacement detection assembly and a second displacement detection assembly;
The first displacement detection assembly comprises a measurement plate and a first photoelectric sensor, the measurement plate is vertically arranged on the counterweight pocket, a plurality of module holes are uniformly formed in the measurement plate at intervals along the length direction, the first photoelectric sensor is arranged on the main body frame, the measurement end of the first photoelectric sensor is aligned with the measurement plate, and the first photoelectric sensor and the measurement plate are relatively vertical;
the second displacement detection assembly comprises a detection rack, a detection gear, a gear shaft and an angle encoder, wherein the angle encoder is fixedly arranged on the main body frame, one end of the gear shaft is rotatably arranged on the angle encoder, the detection gear is arranged at the other end of the gear shaft, the detection rack is vertically arranged on the main body frame, and the detection rack is matched with the detection gear.
Optionally, the main body test unit further comprises a positioning and matching module, the positioning and matching module comprises a second photoelectric sensor and a third photoelectric sensor,
The backboard of the lifting frame is further provided with a second penetrating hole at a position close to the bottom, the second penetrating hole is located at a position right below the first penetrating hole, the second photoelectric sensor and the third photoelectric sensor are both installed in the lifting frame, the second photoelectric sensor and the third photoelectric sensor are located at the bottom of the lifting block, the detection end of the second photoelectric sensor is aligned with the bottom of the lifting block, and the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor penetrates through the second penetrating hole and the side wall direction of one side of the counterweight pocket, which is provided with the transmission hole, is aligned.
Optionally, the brake module comprises a brake mounting frame, a hydraulic brake and a brake side strip,
The hydraulic brake is installed on the main body frame through a brake installation frame, the brake side strips are arranged on the outer side walls of the left side and the right side of the counterweight pocket, a brake clamping part is arranged on the hydraulic brake, and the brake clamping part can be in clamping fit with the brake side strips.
A detection method of a pile foundation detection system based on a falling weight static and dynamic method comprises the following steps:
the preparation steps are as follows: moving a bottom adjusting unit to the upper part of a pile foundation to be tested, enabling a pile foundation alignment opening to be aligned to the position right above the pile foundation to be tested, opening supporting legs and adjusting the height of supporting feet to enable a supporting main body and the pile foundation to be tested to be kept horizontal, placing an elastic unit at the top of the pile foundation to be tested, hoisting a main body testing unit to the bottom adjusting unit, installing and fixing the main body testing unit and the main body testing unit, loading balancing weights with corresponding numbers in a balancing weight pocket according to testing requirements in a weight component, and integrally connecting an external hydraulic pump station and an electrical control cabinet;
The testing steps are as follows: starting a hydraulic cylinder to drive a lifting module to move up and down, determining the position location of a transmission hole through a third photoelectric sensor, wherein the relative height between the lifting module and a counterweight pocket changes in the ascending or descending process, when the third photoelectric sensor recognizes signals, the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor is flush with the side wall of the counterweight pocket, and when the third photoelectric sensor loses signals, the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor is flush with the transmission hole, and determining the position location of the transmission hole through the signal change of the third photoelectric sensor;
After the position of the transmission hole is determined, the telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor is controlled to extend, the lifting block falls under the action of gravity, the second photoelectric sensor detects that the lifting block is completely unfolded, the lifting block extends out of the first through hole and is clamped with the transmission hole, the lifting module is coupled with the heavy hammer assembly, the hydraulic cylinder is started to control the lifting module to rise, and therefore the heavy hammer assembly is driven to rise until reaching the limit position of the hydraulic cylinder extension;
controlling the hydraulic brake to be closed, clamping the braking side strips by the hydraulic brake, and bearing the weight of the heavy hammer component by the hydraulic controller;
Controlling the telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor to retract, further driving the lifting block to retract from the transmission hole and the first penetrating hole, and decoupling the lifting module and the heavy hammer assembly;
repeating the above process, respectively matching the lifting blocks with the transmission holes from top to bottom in the heavy hammer assembly according to the set requirement, lifting the heavy hammer assembly to the set height, bearing the weight of the heavy hammer assembly through the hydraulic controller, decoupling the lifting module and the heavy hammer assembly, controlling the hydraulic brake to open, and completing free falling hammering of the heavy hammer;
A signal detection step: detecting the process by a first displacement detection component: when the weight component moves up and down, the measuring plate fixed on the weight pocket moves up and down along with the weight component, and each time the measuring plate moves for a unit distance of a module hole, the first photoelectric sensor sends a switching signal once, and the displacement and the speed of the weight component are calculated by recording the total signal times;
Detecting the process by a second detection unit: the detection rack fixed on the counterweight pocket moves up and down along with the counterweight pocket while the counterweight pocket moves up and down, the detection rack moves to drive the detection gear meshed with the detection rack to move, the angle encoder collects the rotating angle, and the displacement and the speed of the counterweight pocket are obtained through conversion of the rotating angle;
When the displacement detection module detects that the second speed of the heavy hammer assembly is 0, the highest point position of the heavy hammer assembly after rebound is judged to be impacted, and the hydraulic brake is controlled to be closed to brake the heavy hammer assembly at the moment, so that a hammering test is completed.
As described above, the pile foundation detection system and the detection method based on the falling weight static and dynamic method have at least the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a pile foundation detection system and a pile foundation detection method based on a falling weight static and dynamic method, wherein the pile foundation detection system comprises a bottom adjusting unit, a main body testing unit and an elastic unit, wherein the bottom adjusting unit is used as a supporting piece of the whole device, a larger overturning moment can be provided for the device through an auxiliary supporting component, the stability of the whole device is ensured, meanwhile, the whole device is convenient for boxing and transportation, and the pile foundation detection system is suitable for different changing terrains, a heavy hammer component can be lifted to a corresponding set height by a lifting module according to the requirement of the test in the main body testing unit, so that the requirement of different hammering forces is met, the application range is wider, the elastic unit can be arranged on a pile foundation, the hammering force of the pile body can be longer in duration in the hammering process, and the technical requirement of the falling weight static and dynamic method can be better met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a pile foundation detection system based on the falling weight static and dynamic method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bottom adjusting unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of an elastic unit in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a main body test unit (first view angle) according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the main body test unit (second view angle) according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of FIG. 5A;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a lifting module according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the weight assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the mating of the electric telescopic rod and the lifting block of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the second photosensor and the third photosensor in the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.
Please refer to fig. 1 to 10. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or adjustments of the sizes, which are otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are included in the spirit and scope of the invention which is otherwise, without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
The following examples are given by way of illustration only. Various embodiments may be combined and are not limited to only what is presented in the following single embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1-10, the present invention provides a pile foundation detection system and a detection method based on a falling weight static motion method, comprising a bottom adjusting unit 31, a main body testing unit 32 and an elastic unit 33; the bottom adjusting unit 31 includes a supporting body 34 and an auxiliary supporting assembly installed at an outer side of the supporting body 34, and the bottom adjusting unit 31 is used for supporting the body testing unit 32; the main body testing unit 32 comprises a main body frame 1, a heavy hammer assembly 2 and a lifting module 3, wherein a pile foundation alignment opening is formed in the bottom of the main body frame 1, the lifting module 3 is installed on the main body frame 1, a first sliding assembly is arranged between the heavy hammer assembly 2 and the main body frame 1, the heavy hammer assembly 2 is slidably installed in the main body frame 1 through the first sliding assembly, and the lifting module 3 drives the heavy hammer assembly 2 to ascend; the elastic unit 33 is disposed in the main body frame 1, the bottom of the elastic unit 33 is aligned with the pile foundation alignment opening, and the top of the elastic unit 33 is located below the weight assembly. The elastic unit 33 comprises a positioning plate 42 and a plurality of elastic components, wherein each elastic component is uniformly distributed and installed on the positioning plate 42, each elastic component comprises a spring 43, an elastic connecting plate 44 and an elastic contact plate 45, the bottom end of the spring 43 is fixed on the positioning plate 42 through the elastic connecting plate 44, and the elastic contact plate 45 is fixed on the top of the spring 43. The invention provides a pile foundation detection system and a pile foundation detection method based on a falling weight static motion method, wherein the pile foundation detection system comprises a bottom adjusting unit 31, a main body testing unit 32 and an elastic unit 33, wherein the bottom adjusting unit 31 is used as a supporting piece of the whole device, and can provide larger overturning moment for the device through an auxiliary supporting component, so that the whole stability of the device is ensured, meanwhile, the whole device is convenient for being packaged and transported, and different changing terrains are adapted, according to the testing requirement in the main body testing unit 32, the heavy hammer assembly 2 can be lifted to the corresponding set height through a lifting module 3, so as to meet the requirements of different hammering forces, the adaptability range is wider, the elastic unit 33 can be arranged on a pile foundation, and the hammering force of the pile body can be longer in duration in the hammering process, so that the pile foundation detection technical requirements of the falling weight static motion method can be better met.
In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 2, the top of the supporting main body 34 is provided with a first mounting hole, the bottom of the main body frame 1 is provided with a second mounting hole, the supporting main body 34 and the main body frame 1 are connected and fixed by a positioning connecting piece, the positioning connecting piece is respectively matched with the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, the bottom of the supporting main body 34 is provided with a moving roller 37, the moving roller 37 is hinged to the bottom of the supporting main body 34, the supporting main body 34 is vertically penetrated, and the pile foundation alignment opening is arranged at the bottom of the supporting main body 34. Alternatively, the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole may be threaded holes, and the positioning connector is a threaded connector, and the main body frame 1 and the support main body 34 are fixedly connected by matching the threaded connector. The movable roller 37 arranged at the bottom of the supporting main body 34 can facilitate the whole movement of the device to adjust the position, so that the pile foundation alignment opening of the device can be conveniently adjusted to the position right above the pile foundation for preparing for subsequent experiments.
In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 2, the auxiliary supporting assembly includes a supporting leg 38 and a supporting leg 39, the inner side of the supporting leg 38 is rotatably mounted on the outer side of the supporting body 34, a supporting hole is formed on the outer side of the supporting leg 38, the supporting leg 39 and the supporting hole are matched through an adjusting locking member 40, the supporting leg 39 is in the supporting hole and can be moved and adjusted up and down, a foot plate 41 is disposed at the bottom of the supporting leg 39, and the foot plate 41 is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the supporting leg 39 through a spherical hinge. Optionally, the number of the supporting legs 38 may be four, and the supporting legs 38 are uniformly distributed on four feet of the supporting body 34 at intervals, so that when the supporting legs 38 rotate and retract, the supporting body 34 can be conveniently packaged and transported integrally, and when the supporting legs 38 are adjusted to the corresponding positions to be supported, the supporting legs 38 can be opened, so that the maximum overturning moment is provided for the whole equipment, and the whole stability of the device is ensured. The supporting feet 39 can be adjusted in a lifting manner in the supporting holes, so that the height of the supporting legs 38 can be adjusted under the construction environment with uneven ground, and the supporting feet can be more adaptive, and optionally, the adjusting locking piece 40 can be an adjusting bolt. The foot plate 41 supporting the foot 39 is in rotary installation fit through the spherical hinge, and can adapt to different changing terrains within the maximum angle range, so that the adaptability of the device is stronger.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 4 to 8, the weight assembly 2 includes a weight pocket 4 and a plurality of weights, a weight accommodating cavity is provided in the weight pocket 4, the weights are placed in the weight accommodating cavity, a plurality of transmission holes 5 are provided on the weight pocket 4, each transmission hole 5 is disposed on an outer sidewall of front and rear sides of the weight pocket 4 from top to bottom, and the transmission holes 5 are matched with the lifting module 3; the first sliding assembly comprises a heavy-load guide rail 6 and a heavy-load slide block 7, the heavy-load slide block 7 is in sliding fit with the heavy-load guide rail 6, the heavy-load guide rail 6 is vertically arranged on the main body frame 1, and the counterweight pocket 4 and the slide blocks are connected with each other through an adapter 8.
In specific operation process, can place the balancing weight of different quantity according to the demand that the experiment set for in the counter weight pocket 4, the balancing weight quantity of placing is more, and the weight of weight subassembly 2 is more big, and the dynamics of striking is more vice versa, and counter weight pocket 4 in the counter weight subassembly passes through adaptor 8 and slider connection, through first subassembly slidable mounting that slides on main part frame 1, guarantees that weight subassembly 2 can realize that vertical whereabouts accomplish hammering experiment.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, 7 and 9, the front and rear sides of the main body frame 1 are provided with lifting modules 3, and the outer side walls of the lifting modules 3 and the counterweight pocket 4 provided with the transmission holes 5 are located at the same side, and the lifting modules 3 include lifting frames 9, lifting guide rails 10, lifting sliding blocks 11, hydraulic cylinders 12, guide rail connecting pieces 13, electric telescopic rods 14 and lifting blocks 15; the lifting slide block 11 is slidably mounted on the lifting guide rail 10, the lifting guide rail 10 is mounted on the main body frame 1 through a guide rail connecting piece 13, the lifting frame 9 is connected with the lifting slide block 11, a bottom mounting plate 16 is arranged at the bottom of the main body frame 1, the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is mounted on the bottom mounting plate 16, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 12 is connected to the top of the lifting frame 9, and the hydraulic cylinder 12 drives the lifting frame 9 to move up and down along the lifting guide rail 10. The electric telescopic rod 14 is located on one side of the hydraulic cylinder 12, one end of the electric telescopic rod 14 is rotatably mounted on the lifting frame 9, the other end of the electric telescopic rod 14 is a telescopic end, the lifting block 15 comprises a matching portion 17 and a clamping portion 18, an included angle is formed between the matching portion 17 and the clamping portion 18, the matching portion 17 is rotatably mounted on the lifting frame 9, the electric telescopic rod 14 is connected with the lifting block 15 through a connecting rod 19, one end of the connecting rod 19 is rotatably connected with the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 14, the other end of the connecting rod 19 is rotatably connected with the matching portion 17, a connecting rod structure is formed between the electric telescopic rod 14 and the lifting block 15, a first through hole 20 is formed in a position, close to the bottom, of a backboard of the lifting frame 9, and the electric telescopic rod 14 is telescopically driven to rotate the lifting block 15 so as to drive the clamping portion 18 to enter the first through hole 20.
In a specific operation process, the hydraulic cylinder 12 is driven to drive the lifting frame 9 to lift along the lifting guide rail 10, when the lifting frame reaches the corresponding height position of the heavy hammer assembly 2, the telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor is controlled to extend, because of the connecting rod structure formed between the electric telescopic rod 14, the connecting rod 19 and the lifting block 15, the lifting block 15 can fall down, an included angle is formed between the matching part 17 and the clamping part in the lifting block 15, the clamping part 18 of the lifting block 15 can smoothly pass through the first through hole 20 and be matched with the transmission hole 5 on the counterweight pocket 4 in a clamping manner, the lifting module 3 is further realized to drive the heavy hammer assembly 2 to lift, and a plurality of transmission holes 5 are formed on the outer side wall of the counterweight pocket 4 along the height direction, so that the lifting block 15 can be matched with the transmission holes 5 of different heights according to experimental setting requirements, the lifting of the assembly 2 to different heights is realized, and the lifting stroke of the heavy hammer assembly 2 is realized.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 6, the main body testing unit 32 further includes a displacement detection module, where the displacement detection module includes a first displacement detection component and a second displacement detection component; the first displacement detection assembly comprises a measurement plate 21 and a first photoelectric sensor 22, wherein the measurement plate 21 is vertically arranged on the counterweight pocket 4, a plurality of module holes are uniformly arranged on the measurement plate 21 at intervals along the length direction, the first photoelectric sensor 22 is arranged on the main body frame 1, the measurement end of the first photoelectric sensor 22 is aligned with the measurement plate 21, and the first photoelectric sensor 22 and the measurement plate 21 are relatively vertical; the second displacement detection assembly comprises a detection rack 23, a detection gear 24, a gear shaft and an angle encoder 25, wherein the angle encoder 25 is fixedly installed on the main body frame 1, one end of the gear shaft is rotatably installed on the angle encoder 25, the detection gear 24 is installed at the other end of the gear shaft, the detection rack 23 is vertically installed on the main body frame 1, and the detection rack 23 is matched with the detection gear 24.
When the device detects through the first displacement detection component, when the heavy hammer component 2 moves up and down, the upper measurement plate 21 also moves up and down along with the heavy hammer component, the first photoelectric sensor 22 is fixedly arranged on the main body frame 1, the detection end of the first photoelectric sensor 22 is aligned with the measurement plate 21, optionally, the measurement plate 21 is a sheet metal part, when the heavy hammer component 2 moves up and down, each unit distance is moved, the first photoelectric sensor 22 can detect a corresponding modulus hole, the photoelectric sensor records a switching signal, and therefore the displacement and the speed of the heavy hammer component 2 can be calculated by recording the number of times and the interval time of signal transmission; when the device detects through the second displacement assembly, the weight assembly 2 moves up and down, and the detection rack 23 also moves up and down along with the weight assembly, so as to drive the measurement gear to rotate, the arranged angle encoder 25 can acquire corresponding absolute rotation angle values, and then the displacement and the speed of the weight assembly 2 can be calculated according to the corresponding modulus and the tooth number of the measurement gear and the measurement rack.
In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 10, the main body testing unit 32 further includes a positioning and matching module, the positioning and matching module includes a second photoelectric sensor 26 and a third photoelectric sensor 27, a second through hole 28 is further provided at a position of the back plate of the lifting frame 9 near the bottom, the second through hole 28 is located at a position directly below the first through hole 20, the second photoelectric sensor 26 and the third photoelectric sensor 27 are both installed in the lifting frame 9, the second photoelectric sensor 26 and the third photoelectric sensor 27 are located at the bottom of the lifting block 15, a detection end of the second photoelectric sensor 26 is aligned with the bottom of the lifting block 15, and a detection end of the third photoelectric sensor 27 passes through the second through hole 28 and a side wall direction of the driving hole 5 is provided on the counterweight pocket 4.
Set up location cooperation module, can realize lifting module 3 and weight subassembly 2's cooperation better, the in-process that specifically uses the in-process that lifting module 3 risees, and third photoelectric sensor 27 detects the position of drive hole 5 in weight subassembly 2 through the second outgoing hole, when photoelectric signal takes place the signal, realizes lifting module 3 and weight subassembly 2 in lifting block 15 and drive hole 5's cooperation position location, realizes lifting module 3 and weight subassembly 2's coupling.
In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 4 and 8, the brake module includes a brake mounting frame, a hydraulic brake 29 and a brake side strip 30, the hydraulic brake 29 is mounted on the main body frame 1 through the brake mounting frame, the brake side strip 30 is disposed on the outer side walls of the left and right sides of the counterweight pocket 4, and a brake clamping portion is disposed on the hydraulic brake 29, and the brake clamping portion can be in clamping fit with the brake side strip 30.
The hydraulic brake 29 is fixedly mounted on the main body frame 1, when the weight assembly 2 needs to be fixed, the braking clamping part on the hydraulic brake 29 contracts to clamp and fix the braking side strip 30 on the weight pocket 4, otherwise, the braking clamping part is controlled to release the clamping of the braking side strip 30. The corresponding specific structure of the hydraulic brake 29 used in the present invention is not described here in detail.
A detection method of a pile foundation detection system based on a falling weight static and dynamic method comprises the following steps:
The preparation steps are as follows: moving the bottom adjusting unit 31 to the upper part of the pile foundation to be measured, enabling a pile foundation alignment port to be aligned to the position right above the pile foundation to be measured, opening supporting legs 38 and adjusting the height of supporting feet 39 to enable a supporting main body 34 and the pile foundation to be measured to be kept horizontal, placing an elastic unit 33 on the top of the pile foundation to be measured, hoisting a main body testing unit 32 to the bottom adjusting unit 31 and installing and fixing the main body testing unit 32 and the main body testing unit and the pile foundation to be measured, loading corresponding number of balancing weights in a counterweight pocket 4 according to testing requirements in a counterweight assembly 2, and integrally connecting an external hydraulic pump station and an electric control cabinet;
The testing steps are as follows: starting the hydraulic cylinder 12 to drive the lifting module 3 to move up and down, determining the position location of the transmission hole 5 through the third photoelectric sensor 27, wherein the relative height between the lifting module 3 and the counterweight pocket 4 changes in the ascending or descending process, when the third photoelectric sensor 27 recognizes signals, the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor 27 is flush with the side wall of the counterweight pocket 4, when the third photoelectric sensor 27 loses signals, the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor 27 is flush with the transmission hole 5, and determining the position location of the transmission hole 5 through the signal change of the third photoelectric sensor 27;
After the position of the transmission hole 5 is determined, the telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor is controlled to extend, the lifting block 15 falls under the action of gravity, the second photoelectric sensor 26 detects that the lifting block 15 is fully unfolded, the lifting block 15 extends out of the first through hole 20 and is clamped with the transmission hole 5, the lifting module 3 is coupled with the heavy hammer assembly 2, the hydraulic cylinder 12 is started to control the lifting module 3 to ascend, and the heavy hammer assembly 2 is driven to ascend until reaching the extending limit position of the hydraulic cylinder 12;
Controlling the hydraulic brake 29 to be closed, wherein the hydraulic brake 29 clamps the braking side strips 30, and the hydraulic controller bears the weight of the heavy hammer assembly 2;
The telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor is controlled to retract, so that the lifting block 15 is driven to retract from the transmission hole 5 and the first through hole 20, and the lifting module 3 and the heavy hammer assembly 2 are decoupled;
Repeating the above process, respectively matching the lifting blocks 15 with the transmission holes 5 from top to bottom in the heavy hammer assembly 2 according to the set requirement, lifting the heavy hammer assembly 2 to the set height, bearing the weight of the heavy hammer assembly 2 through the hydraulic controller, decoupling the lifting module 3 and the heavy hammer assembly 2, controlling the hydraulic brake 29 to open, and completing free falling hammering of the heavy hammer;
a signal detection step: detecting the process by a first displacement detection component: when the weight component 2 moves up and down, the measuring plate 21 fixed on the weight pocket 4 moves up and down along with the weight component, the first photoelectric sensor 22 sends a switching signal once every unit distance of one module hole, and the displacement and the speed of the weight component 2 are calculated by recording the total signal times;
Detecting the process by a second detection unit: the weight assembly 2 moves up and down, and meanwhile, the detection rack 23 fixed on the weight pocket 4 moves up and down along with the weight pocket, the detection rack 23 moves to drive the detection gear 24 meshed with the weight pocket to move, the angle encoder 25 collects the rotating angle, and the displacement and the speed of the weight assembly 2 are obtained through conversion of the rotating angle;
the first displacement detection assembly and the second displacement detection assembly record real-time displacement and real-time speed of the heavy hammer assembly 2, when the displacement detection module detects that the second speed of the heavy hammer assembly 2 is 0, the highest point position of the heavy hammer assembly 2 after the impact rebound is judged, and at the moment, the hydraulic brake 29 is controlled to be closed to brake the heavy hammer assembly 2, so that a hammering test is completed.
In summary, the invention overcomes the defects of long test time, high cost, low efficiency, easy pile head damage by hammering, difficult data interpretation, large artificial factors and the like in the traditional technology, is not limited by pile type, pile inclination and pile surrounding environment, and is more suitable for various pile types of inclined piles, pile groups and water operation. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. Pile foundation detecting system based on fall weight quiet dynamic method, characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a bottom adjusting unit, a main body testing unit and an elastic unit;
the bottom adjusting unit comprises a supporting main body and an auxiliary supporting component, the auxiliary supporting component is arranged on the outer side of the supporting main body, and the bottom adjusting unit is used for supporting the main body testing unit;
the main body test unit comprises a main body frame, a heavy hammer assembly, a lifting module and a braking module, wherein a pile foundation alignment port is formed in the bottom of the main body frame, the lifting module is installed on the main body frame, a first sliding assembly is arranged between the heavy hammer assembly and the main body frame, the heavy hammer assembly is slidably installed in the main body frame through the first sliding assembly, the lifting module drives the heavy hammer assembly to ascend, the braking module is used for braking the heavy hammer assembly, the heavy hammer assembly comprises a counterweight pocket and a plurality of balancing weights, a counterweight accommodating cavity is formed in the counterweight pocket, the balancing weights are placed in the counterweight accommodating cavity, a plurality of transmission holes are formed in the counterweight pocket, the transmission holes are distributed on the outer side walls of the front side and the rear side of the counterweight pocket from top to bottom, the transmission holes are matched with the lifting module, the first sliding assembly comprises a heavy load guide rail and a heavy load slider, the heavy load guide rail is vertically installed on the main body frame, and the counterweight pocket and the sliders are connected with each other through a transfer piece; the lifting device comprises a main body frame, wherein lifting modules are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the main body frame, the outer side walls of the lifting modules and the counterweight bags, which are provided with transmission holes, are positioned on the same side, each lifting module comprises a lifting frame, a lifting guide rail, a lifting slider, a hydraulic cylinder, a guide rail connecting piece, an electric telescopic rod and a lifting block, each lifting slider is slidably mounted on the lifting guide rail, each lifting guide rail is mounted on the main body frame through the corresponding guide rail connecting piece, the lifting frames are connected with the lifting slider, a bottom mounting plate is arranged at the bottom of the main body frame, the bottom ends of the hydraulic cylinders are mounted on the bottom mounting plates, the telescopic ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the tops of the lifting frames, and the hydraulic cylinders drive the lifting frames to move up and down along the lifting guide rails; the electric telescopic rod is positioned on one side of the hydraulic cylinder, one end of the electric telescopic rod is rotatably mounted on the lifting frame, the other end of the electric telescopic rod is a telescopic end, the lifting block comprises a matching part and a clamping part, an included angle is formed between the matching part and the clamping part, the matching part is rotatably mounted on the lifting frame, the electric telescopic rod is connected with the lifting block through a connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the matching part, a connecting rod structure is formed between the electric telescopic rod and the lifting block, a first through hole is formed in a position, close to the bottom, of a backboard of the lifting frame, and the electric telescopic rod is used for driving the lifting block to rotate so as to drive the clamping part to enter and exit the first through hole; the main body testing unit further comprises a displacement detection module, the displacement detection module comprises a first displacement detection assembly and a second displacement detection assembly, the first displacement detection assembly comprises a measuring plate and a first photoelectric sensor, the measuring plate is vertically arranged on the counterweight pocket, a plurality of module holes are uniformly arranged on the measuring plate at intervals along the length direction, the first photoelectric sensor is arranged on the main body frame, the measuring end of the first photoelectric sensor is aligned with the measuring plate, and the first photoelectric sensor is vertical to the measuring plate relatively; the second displacement detection assembly comprises a detection rack, a detection gear, a gear shaft and an angle encoder, wherein the angle encoder is fixedly arranged on the main body frame, one end of the gear shaft is rotatably arranged on the angle encoder, the detection gear is arranged at the other end of the gear shaft, the detection rack is vertically arranged on the main body frame, and the detection rack is matched with the detection gear;
The elastic unit is arranged in the main body frame, the bottom of the elastic unit is aligned with the pile foundation alignment opening, the top of the elastic unit is located below the heavy hammer assembly, the elastic unit comprises a positioning plate and a plurality of elastic assemblies, the elastic assemblies are uniformly distributed and mounted on the positioning plate, each elastic assembly comprises a spring, an elastic connecting plate and an elastic contact plate, the bottom end of the spring is fixed on the positioning plate through the elastic connecting plate, and the elastic contact plate is fixed on the top of the spring.
2. The pile foundation detection system based on the falling weight static and dynamic method according to claim 1, wherein:
The top of the supporting main body is provided with a first mounting hole, the bottom of the main body frame is provided with a second mounting hole, the supporting main body and the main body frame are fixedly connected through a positioning connecting piece, the positioning connecting piece is respectively matched with the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole, the bottom of the supporting main body is provided with a movable roller, the movable roller is hinged to the bottom of the supporting main body, the supporting main body is vertically communicated, and the pile foundation alignment opening is formed in the bottom of the supporting main body;
The auxiliary support assembly comprises support legs and support feet, the inner sides of the support legs are rotatably arranged on the outer sides of the support main bodies, support holes are formed in the outer sides of the support legs, the support feet are matched with the support holes through adjusting locking pieces, the support feet can be vertically moved and adjusted in the support holes, foot plates are arranged at the bottoms of the support feet, and the foot plates are rotatably arranged at the bottoms of the support feet through spherical hinges.
3. The pile foundation detection system based on the falling weight static and dynamic method according to claim 1, wherein:
The main body test unit also comprises a positioning and matching module, the positioning and matching module comprises a second photoelectric sensor and a third photoelectric sensor,
The backboard of the lifting frame is further provided with a second penetrating hole at a position close to the bottom, the second penetrating hole is located at a position right below the first penetrating hole, the second photoelectric sensor and the third photoelectric sensor are both installed in the lifting frame, the second photoelectric sensor and the third photoelectric sensor are located at the bottom of the lifting block, the detection end of the second photoelectric sensor is aligned with the bottom of the lifting block, and the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor penetrates through the second penetrating hole and the side wall direction of one side of the counterweight pocket, which is provided with the transmission hole, is aligned.
4. The pile foundation detection system based on the falling weight static and dynamic method according to claim 1, wherein:
the braking module comprises a braking installation frame, a hydraulic brake and a braking side strip,
The hydraulic brake is installed on the main body frame through a brake installation frame, the brake side strips are arranged on the outer side walls of the left side and the right side of the counterweight pocket, a brake clamping part is arranged on the hydraulic brake, and the brake clamping part can be in clamping fit with the brake side strips.
5. The detection method of the pile foundation detection system based on the falling weight static and dynamic method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the preparation steps are as follows: moving a bottom adjusting unit to the upper part of a pile foundation to be tested, enabling a pile foundation alignment opening to be aligned to the position right above the pile foundation to be tested, opening supporting legs and adjusting the height of supporting feet to enable a supporting main body and the pile foundation to be tested to be kept horizontal, placing an elastic unit at the top of the pile foundation to be tested, hoisting a main body testing unit to the bottom adjusting unit, installing and fixing the main body testing unit and the main body testing unit, loading balancing weights with corresponding numbers in a balancing weight pocket according to testing requirements in a weight component, and integrally connecting an external hydraulic pump station and an electrical control cabinet;
The testing steps are as follows: starting a hydraulic cylinder to drive a lifting module to move up and down, determining the position location of a transmission hole through a third photoelectric sensor, wherein the relative height between the lifting module and a counterweight pocket changes in the ascending or descending process, when the third photoelectric sensor recognizes signals, the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor is flush with the side wall of the counterweight pocket, and when the third photoelectric sensor loses signals, the detection end of the third photoelectric sensor is flush with the transmission hole, and determining the position location of the transmission hole through the signal change of the third photoelectric sensor;
After the position of the transmission hole is determined, the telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor is controlled to extend, the lifting block falls under the action of gravity, the second photoelectric sensor detects that the lifting block is completely unfolded, the lifting block extends out of the first through hole and is clamped with the transmission hole, the lifting module is coupled with the heavy hammer assembly, the hydraulic cylinder is started to control the lifting module to rise, and therefore the heavy hammer assembly is driven to rise until reaching the limit position of the hydraulic cylinder extension;
controlling the hydraulic brake to be closed, clamping the braking side strips by the hydraulic brake, and bearing the weight of the heavy hammer component by the hydraulic controller;
Controlling the telescopic shaft of the telescopic motor to retract, further driving the lifting block to retract from the transmission hole and the first penetrating hole, and decoupling the lifting module and the heavy hammer assembly;
repeating the above process, respectively matching the lifting blocks with the transmission holes from top to bottom in the heavy hammer assembly according to the set requirement, lifting the heavy hammer assembly to the set height, bearing the weight of the heavy hammer assembly through the hydraulic controller, decoupling the lifting module and the heavy hammer assembly, controlling the hydraulic brake to open, and completing free falling hammering of the heavy hammer;
A signal detection step: detecting the process by a first displacement detection component: when the weight component moves up and down, the measuring plate fixed on the weight pocket moves up and down along with the weight component, and each time the measuring plate moves for a unit distance of a module hole, the first photoelectric sensor sends a switching signal once, and the displacement and the speed of the weight component are calculated by recording the total signal times;
detecting the process by a second detection unit: the detection rack fixed on the counterweight pocket moves up and down along with the counterweight pocket while the counterweight pocket moves up and down, the detection rack moves to drive the detection gear meshed with the detection rack to move, the angle encoder collects the rotating angle, and the displacement and the speed of the counterweight pocket are obtained through conversion of the rotating angle; when the displacement detection module detects that the second speed of the heavy hammer assembly is 0, the highest point position of the heavy hammer assembly after rebound is judged to be impacted, and the hydraulic brake is controlled to be closed to brake the heavy hammer assembly at the moment, so that a hammering test is completed.
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