CN117824724A - Fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe characteristics - Google Patents
Fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe characteristics, which belong to the technical field of multi-disciplinary intersection of FBG sensing technology, signal demodulation method thereof and optical fiber FP interference technology, wherein the demodulation method comprises the following steps: emitting an optical signal based on the superluminescent light emitting diode light source; the optical signal is transmitted to the fiber Bragg grating through the optical circulator, and the optical signal meeting the Bragg condition is returned from the reflection original path; the reflected optical signals are transmitted to a 3dB optical fiber coupler through an optical circulator again, and then are incident to an FP interferometer for detection; and receiving two paths of optical signals obtained by detection of the FP interferometer, carrying out division and amplification treatment, outputting interference light intensity, and carrying out signal demodulation. By utilizing the signal demodulation method, once being influenced by the parameters of the external environment, the signal of the environmental parameters can be accurately demodulated through the intensity change of the interference fringes, and the method is simple, quick and high in accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-disciplinary intersection of FBG sensing technology, signal demodulation method thereof and optical fiber FP interference technology, and particularly relates to an optical fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe characteristics.
Background
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing is one of the most typical fiber sensing technologies. The optical fiber sensor has wide application prospect in the fields of ocean science, civil engineering, petrochemical industry, aerospace and the like, has the characteristics of electric insulation, electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and passive sensor end, is intrinsically safe, can realize long-distance transmission without signal conversion and an amplifier, and has the advantages of small volume, light weight and the like. The optical fiber sensing technology comprises phase modulation and wavelength modulation sensors. The interference type sensor of the phase modulation type optical fiber sensor has the characteristics of high precision and the like, and the wavelength modulation type optical fiber sensor, which is the most typical FBG, has strong application potential in the optical fiber sensing field and has been widely applied.
FBGs have relatively sensitive performance to parameters such as temperature, pressure and strain of the environment, are compatible with optical fibers, and have become one of the main directions of the development of sensing technology. As a wavelength modulation type sensor, the performance of the sensor depends on the FBG itself and its packaging and sensitization technology, and has a great relationship with its signal demodulation method. When the FBG is applied in the field of sensing technology, the change information of the bragg wavelength needs to be detected from the obtained spectrum signal, and the wavelength demodulation technology is a core technology of the FBG sensing system, so that detecting the tiny change of the bragg wavelength is a key problem for the practical application of the FBG sensing technology, and the signal demodulation method of the FBG sensing technology still needs to be further studied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe characteristics, which are used for solving the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an optical fiber bragg grating signal demodulation system based on interference fringe features, comprising: the optical fiber Bragg grating comprises a super-radiation Light Emitting Diode (LED) light source for emitting an optical signal, an optical circulator for transmitting the optical signal, an optical fiber Bragg grating for reflecting the optical signal, a 3dB optical fiber coupler for coupling the reflected optical signal, an FP interferometer for detecting the reflected optical signal, a photoelectric detector for receiving the detected optical signal and a signal processing module for processing the detected optical signal.
Optionally, the optical signals detected by the FP interferometer include reflected interference optical signals and transmitted interference optical signals;
the FP interferometer comprises a first cavity mirror and a second cavity mirror, wherein the first cavity mirror is used for outputting the reflection interference light signals, and the second cavity mirror is used for outputting the transmission interference light signals.
Optionally, the photodetectors include a first photodetector and a second photodetector;
the first photodetector is configured to receive the reflected interference light signal, and the second photodetector is configured to receive the transmitted interference light signal.
Optionally, the length of the optical fiber of the first cavity mirror to the first photodetector via the 3dB fiber coupler is equal to the length of the optical fiber of the second cavity mirror to the second photodetector.
Optionally, the signal processing module comprises a divider, an amplifying circuit and a display circuit;
the divider is used for dividing the reflected interference light signals and the transmitted interference light signals to eliminate fluctuation of optical fiber line loss and fluctuation of light source power;
the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the optical signal output by the divider;
the display circuit is used for displaying the voltage corresponding to the intensity of the amplified optical signal.
Optionally, the fiber bragg grating signal demodulation system is arranged in a monitoring center with stable environmental parameters.
The invention also provides a fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation method based on interference fringe characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
emitting an optical signal based on the superluminescent light emitting diode light source;
the optical signal is transmitted to the fiber Bragg grating through the optical circulator, and the optical signal meeting the Bragg condition is returned from the reflection original path;
the reflected optical signals are transmitted to a 3dB optical fiber coupler through an optical circulator again, and then are incident to an FP interferometer for detection;
and receiving two paths of optical signals obtained by detection of the FP interferometer, carrying out division and amplification treatment, outputting interference light intensity, and carrying out signal demodulation.
Optionally, the process of receiving the two paths of optical signals obtained by FP interferometer detection includes: the reflected interference light signals detected by the FP interferometer are output by a first cavity mirror and then transmitted to a 3dB optical fiber coupler, and then are transmitted by an optical fiber and received by a first photoelectric detector; and outputting the transmission interference light signal detected by the FP interferometer through a second cavity mirror, and transmitting the transmission interference light signal through an optical fiber to be received by a second photoelectric detector.
Optionally, the interference light intensity acquisition formula is as follows:
I o =I 1 +I 2 -2I 1 I 2 cosδ，
wherein I is o For interfering light intensity, I 1 The intensity of the optical signal output by the first cavity mirror is I 2 The intensity of the optical signal output by the second cavity mirror is shown as delta, and delta is the phase difference of the optical signals of the optical path.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
the invention combines the fiber Bragg grating sensing technology and the fiber FP interference technology, simultaneously utilizes the spectral characteristics of the super-radiation light-emitting diode light source to convert the tiny deviation of Bragg reflection wavelength influenced by environmental parameters into the interference fringe light intensity change of the FP interferometer, and simultaneously places the fiber FP interferometer in a monitoring center with stable parameters, so that the light intensity change of the interferometer is only influenced by the light intensity of an input signal of the FP interferometer, the corresponding Bragg wavelength is changed only if the output light intensity of the FP interferometer is changed, and the light intensity change of the input signal of the FP interferometer can be used for determining the light intensity change of the FP interferometer, thereby demodulating the environmental parameter change of the fiber Bragg grating. Therefore, by utilizing the signal demodulation method, once being influenced by the parameters of the external environment, the signal of the environmental parameters can be accurately demodulated through the intensity change of the interference fringes, and the method is simple, quick and high in accuracy; in addition, the demodulation system does not involve a complex structure and packaging technology, and can improve the stability and reliability of the sensor in long-term use.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application, illustrate and explain the application and are not to be construed as limiting the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system based on interference fringe features according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, 1-a first endoscope and 2-a second endoscope;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power spectrum curve of a light source and a reflected signal power spectrum curve of FBG Bragg wavelength according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical intrinsic type FP interferometer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and that although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order other than that illustrated herein.
Example 1
In this embodiment, an optical fiber bragg grating signal demodulation system and method based on interference fringe features are provided, where, as shown in fig. 1, the demodulation system includes: fiber Bragg gratings (abbreviated as 'FBGs'), super-radiation light emitting diode Light Sources (SLEDs), fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs), optical circulators, fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (abbreviated as 'FP interferometers') and photodetectors and subsequent signal processing modules thereof, wherein the FP interferometers comprise a first cavity mirror 1 and a second cavity mirror 2, the photodetectors comprise a first photodetector and a second photodetector, and the signal processing modules comprise dividers, amplifying circuits and display circuits. The FBG is influenced by environmental conditions, so that the bragg reflection wavelength shifts when the spectrum of the light source SLED is incident to the FBG, and the light intensity of the interference fringe generated by the bragg reflection wavelength shifts accordingly when the spectrum of the light source SLED is incident to the FP interferometer via the optical circulator, so that the light intensity of the interference fringe changes accordingly, the light intensity of the interference fringe also changes because the FBG is subjected to the change of the environmental parameter based on the spectrum change characteristic of the light source, and the change of the intensity of the interference fringe can be demodulated. Specific:
the inverted parabolic optical signal emitted by the light source SLED is transmitted to the FBG through the optical circulator, the Bragg wavelength meeting the phase matching condition is returned by the reflection original path, the Bragg wavelength is transmitted to the optical fiber FP interferometer through the optical circulator again and then a 3dB optical fiber coupler, the reflection interference optical signal of the FP interferometer is received by the first photoelectric detector after passing through the 3dB optical fiber coupler, the transmission interference optical signal is received by the second photoelectric detector after being transmitted through the optical fiber, and the two paths of detection signals are processed by the divider, the amplifying circuit and the display circuit to display the voltage corresponding to the light intensity. The divider is used for dividing the two paths of photoelectric detection signals to reduce or even eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the optical fiber line loss and the fluctuation of the light source power, so that the output voltage signal change reflects the result of the combined action of the FBG Bragg reflection wavelength deviation and the light source spectral characteristics, and the degree of the Bragg reflection wavelength influenced by the environmental parameters is accurately demodulated. The power spectrum of the light source and the power spectrum of the Bragg wavelength reflected signal are shown in FIG. 2.
According to the embodiment, the characteristic of high precision of the interference type optical fiber sensor is utilized, the Bragg wavelength offset of the FBG caused by the change of the environmental parameters is converted into the change of the output light intensity of the optical fiber interferometer, so that the demodulation of the FBG sensing signal is realized, and the optical fiber interferometer has the high precision characteristic of the interferometer. The 3dB optical fiber coupler, the FP optical fiber interferometer and the subsequent signal processing module in the demodulation system are all arranged in a monitoring center, the FP optical fiber interferometer adopts an intrinsic type interferometer, as shown in fig. 3, the transmission and the reception of interference optical signals of reflection and transmission are facilitated, the lengths of optical fibers through which the interference optical signals pass are equal and as short as possible, namely the length of the optical fiber from the first cavity mirror 1 to the first photoelectric detector PD1 through the 3dB optical fiber coupler is equal to the length of the optical fiber from the second cavity mirror 2 to the second photoelectric detector PD2, the connection of the optical fibers to the respective photoelectric detectors is facilitated under the condition of equality, and meanwhile, the optical fibers are of the same type, so that the optical signals are transmitted only by one optical fiber after the interference signals are formed, the lengths of the optical fibers are equal, the distances are short, the optical fiber types are the same, the characteristics that the two optical signals of the FP interferometer and the paths of the optical fibers through which the interference optical signals pass are basically the same are basically reserved, the interference signals are not affected by polarization attenuation, and the accuracy of the signals is ensured.
According to the characteristic that the spectrum of the light source is of an inverted parabolic shape, the Bragg wavelength of the initial environmental state of the FBG is arranged at the vertex of the spectrum or at the lowest point of the spectrum, the Bragg reflection wavelength of the FBG is monotonically increased or monotonically decreased in the environmental parameter influence process, the output voltage of the corresponding interferometer is monotonically increased or monotonically decreased, or the initial Bragg reflection wavelength is arranged at the middle position of one side of the vertex, the Bragg reflection wave of the FBG is always increased or decreased in the environmental parameter influence process, and the output voltage of the corresponding interferometer is also increased or decreased; the output voltage displayed by the signal processing module corresponds to the Bragg wavelength one by one, and the Bragg wavelength corresponds to the environmental parameter, so that the change of the environmental parameter can be accurately demodulated.
The demodulation system of the optical fiber FP interferometer is arranged in a monitoring center with stable environmental parameters, so that the output light intensity of the interferometer is only influenced by the intensity of the input signal light of the interferometer, according to the method shown in figure 1The system is shown, the intensity of the input signal is the Bragg wavelength signal of the FBG, when the external environment parameters influence the FBG, the Bragg wavelength of the FBG is shifted to the short wavelength or long wavelength direction, and the power spectral line characteristics of the light source are combined, the power spectral densities of different wavelength positions are different, so once the FBG is influenced by the environment parameters, the intensity of the Bragg wavelength is changed, the intensity of the input signal of the FP interferometer is further changed, and the output interference intensity I is caused o And also changes with it, I o =I 1 +I 2 -2I 1 I 2 cos delta, delta is the phase difference of the optical signals of the optical path, I 1 For the intensity of the optical signal reflected by the first cavity mirror, I 2 And finally, the parameter change information of the environment where the FBG is positioned is demodulated for the intensity of the optical signal reflected by the second cavity mirror.
According to the embodiment, the Bragg wavelength of the FBG is input into an optical fiber FP interferometer, the wavelength change information of the FBG is converted into fringe change information of the interferometer, and the interferometer is placed in a stable environment, so that the intensity change of interference fringes of the interferometer is only related to the intensity of input signal light of the interferometer, the intensity of the light is combined with the power spectrum characteristic of a light source, the intensity of the input signal light of the interferometer is also changed along with the Bragg wavelength of the FBG according to the spectrum characteristic once the external environment influences the Bragg wavelength of the FBG, the intensity of the interference fringes is also changed, and finally very accurate Bragg reflection wavelength offset can be obtained, so that the change information of environmental parameters is obtained, and the whole demodulation system has no complex structure and needs a plurality of relatively stable and reliable electronic components.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. An optical fiber bragg grating signal demodulation system based on interference fringe features, comprising: the optical fiber Bragg grating comprises a super-radiation Light Emitting Diode (LED) light source for emitting an optical signal, an optical circulator for transmitting the optical signal, an optical fiber Bragg grating for reflecting the optical signal, a 3dB optical fiber coupler for coupling the reflected optical signal, an FP interferometer for detecting the reflected optical signal, a photoelectric detector for receiving the detected optical signal and a signal processing module for processing the detected optical signal;
the optical signals detected by the FP interferometer comprise reflected interference optical signals and transmitted interference optical signals;
the FP interferometer comprises a first cavity mirror and a second cavity mirror, wherein the first cavity mirror is used for outputting the reflected interference light signals, and the second cavity mirror is used for outputting the transmitted interference light signals;
the photoelectric detector comprises a first photoelectric detector and a second photoelectric detector;
the first photoelectric detector is used for receiving the reflected interference light signal, and the second photoelectric detector is used for receiving the transmitted interference light signal;
the length of the optical fiber from the first cavity mirror to the first photoelectric detector through the 3dB optical fiber coupler is equal to that from the second cavity mirror to the second photoelectric detector.
2. The fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system based on the interference fringe features of claim 1,
the signal processing module comprises a divider, an amplifying circuit and a display circuit;
the divider is used for dividing the reflected interference light signals and the transmitted interference light signals to eliminate fluctuation of optical fiber line loss and fluctuation of light source power;
the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the optical signal output by the divider;
the display circuit is used for displaying the voltage corresponding to the intensity of the amplified optical signal.
3. The fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system based on the interference fringe features of claim 1,
the fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation system is arranged in a monitoring center with stable environmental parameters.
4. The fiber Bragg grating signal demodulation method based on the interference fringe features is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
emitting an optical signal based on the superluminescent light emitting diode light source;
the optical signal is transmitted to the fiber Bragg grating through the optical circulator, and the optical signal meeting the Bragg condition is returned from the reflection original path;
the reflected optical signals are transmitted to a 3dB optical fiber coupler through an optical circulator again, and then are incident to an FP interferometer for detection;
receiving two paths of optical signals obtained by detection of an FP interferometer, carrying out division and amplification treatment, outputting interference light intensity, and carrying out signal demodulation;
the process for receiving the two paths of optical signals obtained by the detection of the FP interferometer comprises the following steps: the reflected interference light signals detected by the FP interferometer are output by a first cavity mirror and then transmitted to a 3dB optical fiber coupler, and then are transmitted by an optical fiber and received by a first photoelectric detector; and outputting the transmission interference light signal detected by the FP interferometer through a second cavity mirror, and transmitting the transmission interference light signal through an optical fiber to be received by a second photoelectric detector.
5. The method for demodulating an optical fiber Bragg grating signal based on interference fringe features as recited in claim 4, wherein,
the acquisition formula of the interference light intensity is as follows:
I o =I 1 +I 2 -2I 1 I 2 cosδ，
wherein I is o For interfering light intensity, I 1 The intensity of the optical signal output by the first cavity mirror is I 2 The intensity of the optical signal output by the second cavity mirror is shown as delta, and delta is the phase difference of the optical signals of the optical path.
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