CN117823201A - Deep well high-ground-stress stoping roadway roof thick-layer anchoring supporting device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of roadway roof support, and relates to a deep well high ground stress stoping roadway roof thick-layer anchoring support device and a deep well high ground stress stoping roadway roof thick-layer anchoring support method, wherein the deep well high ground stress stoping roadway roof thick-layer anchoring support device comprises the following steps: the rod body is sequentially provided with an anchoring section, a pre-tightening section and a connecting section; the anchoring section is used for anchoring with an anchor hole formed in the top of the roadway; the pre-tightening section is arranged on the top plate, one end of the pre-tightening section penetrates through the top plate and is in sliding fit with the anchoring section, wherein when the pre-tightening section moves along the direction away from the anchoring section, a support piece which is elastically connected with the anchoring section abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and when the support piece abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, the pre-tightening section moves along the direction close to the anchoring section and abuts against the top plate; the connecting section is rotationally fixed relative to the pre-tightening section, a tensioner is arranged on the connecting section, and the tensioning end of the tensioner is connected with the connecting section and used for tensioning the connecting section along the direction away from the pre-tightening section. The invention can improve anchoring stability, effectively apply pre-tightening force to the top plate and improve bearing strength of deformation resistance of the top plate.

Description

Thick layer anchoring support device and method for deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel roof support, and in particular relates to a device and method for anchoring and supporting thick layers of a deep well high-in-situ stress mining tunnel roof.

Background technique

As coal seam mining continues to extend, the rock mass around the tunnel is subjected to high ground stress and mining pressure, resulting in large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock, which is prone to roof collapse accidents. Therefore, the roof of the deep high ground stress tunnel needs to construct a thick anchoring layer support structure and the bearing strength requirements of the support device are high. The conventional anchor rod and anchor cable combination has a poor support effect for such tunnels. In addition, since the anchor rod is a rigid integrated structure, the anchor rod cannot construct a thick anchoring bearing structure for the roof to achieve effective support for the roof. At the same time, the existing anchoring form and support structure of the anchor rod and anchor cable in the surrounding rock make it easy to unanchor or break due to high ground stress and mining superimposed stress, causing the roof of the deep well high ground stress mining tunnel to be easily deformed. Therefore, a device and construction method that can achieve thick anchoring support in the roof of such mining tunnels are urgently needed to solve the above problems.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a thick layer anchoring support device and method for the roof of a deep well high-ground stress mining tunnel to solve the above-mentioned problems. It can improve the anchoring thickness of the roof and the stability of the support structure, and effectively apply a pre-tightening force to the roof to improve the bearing strength of the roof to resist deformation.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring support device, comprising:

A rod body, on which an anchoring section, a pre-tightening section and a connecting section are sequentially formed;

The anchoring section is used for anchoring with an anchor hole opened at the top of the tunnel;

The pre-tightening section is arranged on the top plate, and one end of the pre-tightening section passes through the top plate and slides with the anchoring section, wherein when the pre-tightening section moves in a direction away from the anchoring section, the support member elastically connected to the anchoring section abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and when the support member abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, the pre-tightening section moves in a direction close to the anchoring section and abuts against the top plate;

The connecting section is rotatably fixed relative to the pre-tensioning section. A tensioner is provided on the connecting section. The tensioning end of the tensioner is connected to the connecting section and is used to tension the connecting section in a direction away from the pre-tensioning section.

Preferably, a hollow groove is provided at one end of the pre-tightening section close to the anchoring section, a first thread is provided at the portion of the anchoring section located in the hollow groove, the first thread is screwed to the hollow groove, and a second thread is provided at the portion of the anchoring section away from the hollow groove, the second thread is used for anchoring with the anchor hole.

Preferably, the first thread and the second thread have opposite thread directions.

Preferably, one end of a fixing rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the hollow groove, a slot is provided in the pre-tightening section, the other end of the fixing rod extends into the slot and is fixedly connected to a blocking block, the diameter of the fixing rod is smaller than that of the blocking block, and the blocking block is slidably matched with the slot.

Preferably, the empty slot port is axially fixedly connected to a limiting sleeve, and the diameter of the empty slot is smaller than the diameter of the limiting sleeve, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the outer side wall of the limiting sleeve. When the first thread is screwed into the empty slot, the limiting sleeve abuts against the support member, and the limiting sleeve and the support member are slidably matched.

Preferably, the support member comprises:

A plurality of stop rods, wherein the outer wall surface of the anchoring section is provided with a plurality of grooves at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, the number of the grooves is the same as the number of the stop rods and they correspond one to one, and the stop rods are arranged in the grooves;

An elastic plate is arranged at the top of the groove, one end of the elastic plate is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening section, the other end of the elastic plate is fixedly connected to the top of the push rod, and an angle is set between the elastic plate and the push rod, and the push rod extends out of the groove through the elastic plate.

Preferably, a nut is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening section, and the diameter of the pre-tightening section is smaller than that of the nut, and the nut is used to abut against the top plate.

Preferably, the bottom end of the pre-tightening section is connected to a connecting seat via a rotating shaft, a rotating rod is passed through the connecting seat, both ends of the rotating rod extend out of the connecting seat and are connected to a mounting seat, and one end of the connecting section is welded to the mounting seat;

Wherein, the connecting section is provided with a third thread, and the tensioner is used to be connected with the third thread.

A method for anchoring and supporting thick layers of roof in a deep well high ground stress mining roadway, based on the deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring and supporting device, comprises the following steps:

A number of anchor holes are opened at the top of the tunnel, and the anchor holes are evenly divided into two groups and are symmetrically distributed relative to the roof;

A rod body is installed at each anchor hole position to anchor the anchor section in the anchor hole;

The pre-tightening section is passed through the top plate so that the nut is located on the bottom surface of the top plate, and the nut is rotated along the first thread direction so that the limiting sleeve slides and the push rod is ejected;

Turn the nut to make it tight against the top plate;

The two connecting sections arranged opposite to each other are respectively connected to a tensioner, so that the tensioner maintains the force applied to tension the two connecting sections in a direction approaching each other, thereby completing the anchoring support of the top plate.

Preferably, when the nut is rotated to make the nut tightly abut against the top plate, the anchoring section is fixed by abutting the abutting rod against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and then the nut is rotated in the opposite direction to the first thread.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

The present invention provides a rod body on the tunnel roof, divides the rod body into an anchoring section, a pre-tightening section and a connecting section, extends the anchoring section into an anchor hole pre-opened in the tunnel rock body, provides the pre-tightening section on the roof, and the pre-tightening section and the anchoring section are slidably matched, when the pre-tightening section moves in a direction away from the anchoring section, the supporting piece provided on the anchoring section pops out and abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, so as to improve the connection stability of the anchoring section, and at the same time, after the anchoring section and the tunnel are stably fixed, the pre-tightening section is moved in a direction close to the anchoring section and abuts against the roof, under the premise that the anchoring section and the tunnel are fixed, the pre-tightening section can generate prestress on the roof, thereby improving the support strength of the roof, and at the same time, the connecting section is provided at the bottom end of the roof and is connected with a tensioner, by utilizing the rotatable fixation of the connecting section and the pre-tightening section, the tensioner can act on the anchoring section and the pre-tightening section no matter from which direction the tensioning effect is applied, so as to provide a tensioning effect on the roof after being abutted by the pre-tightening section, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the deformation resistance of the roof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

FIG1 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the rod body and the top plate;

FIG2 is a structural cross-sectional view of a pre-tightening section;

FIG3 is a structural cross-sectional view of a card slot;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stopper rod and the elastic plate;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a nut;

Among them, 1. rod body; 101. anchoring section; 102. pre-tightening section; 103. connecting section; 2. top plate; 3. tensioner; 4. empty slot; 5. fixing rod; 6. block; 7. limiting sleeve; 8. push rod; 9. elastic plate; 10. nut; 11. connecting seat; 12. rotating shaft; 13. rotating rod; 14. mounting seat.

Detailed ways

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiment: Referring to Figures 1 to 5, a deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring support device comprises:

A rod body 1, on which an anchoring section 101, a pre-tightening section 102 and a connecting section 103 are sequentially formed;

The anchoring section 101 is used for anchoring with an anchor hole opened at the top of the tunnel;

The pre-tightening section 102 is arranged on the top plate 2, and one end of the pre-tightening section 102 penetrates the top plate 2 and slides with the anchoring section 101, wherein when the pre-tightening section 102 moves in a direction away from the anchoring section 101, the support member elastically connected to the anchoring section 101 abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and when the support member abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, the pre-tightening section 102 moves in a direction close to the anchoring section 101 and abuts against the top plate 2;

The connecting section 103 is rotatably fixed relative to the pre-tensioning section 102 . A tensioner 3 is provided on the connecting section 103 . The tensioning end of the tensioner 3 is connected to the connecting section 103 and is used to tension the connecting section 103 in a direction away from the pre-tensioning section 102 .

The present invention arranges a rod body 1 on the tunnel roof 2, divides the rod body 1 into an anchoring section 101, a pre-tightening section 102 and a connecting section 103, extends the anchoring section 101 into an anchor hole pre-opened in the tunnel rock mass, arranges the pre-tightening section 102 on the roof 2, and the pre-tightening section 102 and the anchoring section 101 are slidably matched, when the pre-tightening section 102 moves in a direction away from the anchoring section 101, the support member arranged on the anchoring section 101 pops out and abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, so as to improve the connection stability of the anchoring section 101, and at the same time, after the anchoring section 101 is stably fixed to the tunnel, the pre-tightening section 102 is moved in a direction close to the tunnel. The directional movement of the anchoring section 101 is against the top plate 2. Under the premise that the anchoring section 101 is fixed to the tunnel, the pre-tightening section 102 can generate pre-stress on the top plate 2, thereby improving the support strength of the top plate 2. At the same time, the connecting section 103 is arranged at the bottom end of the top plate 2 and is connected to the tensioner 3. The connecting section 103 and the pre-tightening section 102 are rotatably fixed, so that the tensioner 3 can act on the anchoring section 101 and the pre-tightening section 102 no matter from which direction the tensioning effect is applied, and provide a tensioning effect on the top plate 2 after being tightened by the pre-tightening section 102, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the deformation resistance of the top plate 2.

In the present technical solution, the tensioner 3 can adopt a telescopic structure such as an oil cylinder, a hydraulic piston rod, etc. according to actual needs, and a number of rod bodies 1 can be added, and the rod bodies 1 can be symmetrically distributed, and the two ends of the cylinder and the hydraulic piston rod are respectively connected to the connecting sections 103 at two opposite positions. When the tensioner 3 is tensioned, the two rod bodies 1 approach each other to produce a tensioning effect, further enhancing the effect of lifting the deformation resistance of the top plate 2.

Furthermore, a hollow groove 4 is provided at one end of the pre-tightening section 102 close to the anchoring section 101, a first thread is provided at the portion of the anchoring section 101 located in the hollow groove 4, the first thread is screwed to the hollow groove 4, and a second thread is provided at the portion of the anchoring section 101 away from the hollow groove 4, the second thread is used for anchoring with the anchor hole.

Furthermore, the thread directions of the first thread and the second thread are opposite.

2, by opening an empty groove 4 on the pre-tightening section 102, the area with the first thread on the anchoring section 101 is threadedly connected to the empty groove 4, and the second thread on the anchoring section 101 is anchored to the anchor hole, and the anchoring section 101 is inserted into the anchor hole and connected by grouting or glue injection, and the second thread is used to increase the connection friction and enhance the stability. At the same time, the staff can realize the sliding control of the pre-tightening section 102 and the anchoring section 101 by rotating the pre-tightening section 102 at the bottom end of the top plate 2, which is convenient for actual operation, and saves the use cost compared with the driving structure such as the cylinder and the oil cylinder, and is convenient for wide installation and use;

Furthermore, the thread directions of the first thread and the second thread are opposite to each other, so as to avoid twisting the anchoring section 101 when the pre-tightening section 102 is rotated, thereby reducing the connection strength between the anchoring section 101 and the anchor hole and affecting the support strength.

Furthermore, one end of a fixing rod 5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall at the bottom of the hollow groove 4, a slot is provided in the pre-tightening section 102, the other end of the fixing rod 5 extends into the slot and is fixedly connected to a clamping block 6, the diameter of the fixing rod 5 is smaller than that of the clamping block 6, and the clamping block 6 is slidably matched with the slot.

By fixing the fixing rod 5 at the bottom end of the empty groove 4 of the pre-tightening section 102, using the fixing rod 5 to fix the clamping block 6, extending one end of the clamping block 6 into the clamping groove opened in the anchoring section 101, and limiting the sliding of the clamping block 6 in the clamping groove, the pre-tightening section 102 and the anchoring section 101 are connected and limited by the cooperation of the clamping block 6 and the clamping groove, thereby ensuring the overall structural strength of the rod body 1 during the support function and the prestressing tensioning effect on the top plate 2.

Furthermore, the end of the empty slot 4 is axially fixedly connected to the limiting sleeve 7, and the diameter of the empty slot 4 is smaller than the diameter of the limiting sleeve 7. The outer wall of the limiting sleeve 7 is provided with a plurality of through holes. When the first thread is screwed into the empty slot 4, the limiting sleeve 7 is abutted against the support member, and the limiting sleeve 7 and the support member are slidably matched.

The support member is covered by the limiting sleeve 7, which makes it easy to extend the anchoring section 101 into the anchor hole for anchoring, thereby improving assembly efficiency. When the pre-tightening section 102 rotates along the first thread direction, the support member can slide out of the limiting sleeve 7, thereby abutting against the inner wall of the anchor hole for stable support.

Furthermore, the support member comprises:

A plurality of abutment rods 8, a plurality of grooves are provided at equal intervals on the outer wall surface of the anchoring section 101 in the circumferential direction, the number of the grooves is the same as the number of abutment rods 8 and they correspond one to one, and the abutment rods 8 are arranged in the grooves;

The elastic plate 9 is arranged at the top of the groove, one end of the elastic plate 9 is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening section 102, and the other end of the elastic plate 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the push rod 8. An angle is set between the elastic plate 9 and the push rod 8, and the push rod 8 extends out of the groove through the elastic plate 9.

The push rod 8 is fixed in the groove by using an elastic plate 9, and an angle is set between the elastic plate 9 and the push rod 8, so that the push rod 8 maintains an elastic tendency to extend out of the groove, and the push rod 8 is fixed by a limiting sleeve 7. When the pre-tightening section 102 is rotated, the limiting sleeve 7 and the push rod 8 are slidably connected, so that the push rod 8 pops out and abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, so as to improve the connection strength of the anchoring section 101.

Furthermore, a nut 10 is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening section 102 , and the diameter of the pre-tightening section 102 is smaller than that of the nut 10 . The nut 10 is used to abut against the top plate 2 .

1 to 3, by fixing the nut 10 on the pre-tightening section 102, the nut 10 is set on the bottom surface of the top plate 2, and the pre-tightening section 102 is controlled to rotate by rotating the nut 10, so as to facilitate the control of the ejection of the push rod 8, and after the push rod 8 is extended, the nut 10 is rotated in the reverse direction so that the pre-tightening section 102 and the limiting sleeve 7 are lifted close to the push rod 8. After the limiting sleeve 7 and the push rod 8 are abutted, not only the supporting strength of the push rod 8 and the inner wall of the anchor hole is further improved, but also the nut 10 can be abutted against the top rod, in the anchoring section Under the premise of being fixed by 101, the nut 10 and the push rod 8 form a clamping force relative to the top plate 2 and the tunnel rock mass, thereby realizing the pre-tightening effect on the top plate 2 and effectively improving the connection stability of the rod body 1. It can be understood that when the push rod 8 abuts against the limiting sleeve 7, the bottom of the push rod 8 is located in the limiting sleeve 7, so that when the limiting sleeve 7 abuts against the push rod 8 after the push rod 8 pops out, it can provide a sufficient lifting interval, and the length of the slot is greater than the lifting interval, so as to ensure that the nut 10 abuts against the top plate 2.

Furthermore, the bottom end of the pre-tightening section 102 is connected to a connecting seat 11 through a rotating shaft 12, a rotating rod 13 is passed through the connecting seat 11, both ends of the rotating rod 13 extend out of the connecting seat 11 and are connected to a mounting seat 14, and one end of the connecting section 103 is welded to the mounting seat 14;

The connecting section 103 is provided with a third thread, and the tensioner 3 is used to be connected with the third thread.

By opening a third thread on the connecting section 103, the tensioner 3 is preferably, but not limited to, a rope tightener, a ratchet tensioner, a chain tensioner, etc. connected to the connecting section 103. The tensioner 3 is a threaded connection structure, one end of which is screwed to the third thread, and the other end is screwed to the fixed structure in the tunnel. The tensioning and tightening of the connecting section 103 is achieved by rotating the tensioner 3. It can be understood that, with reference to Figure 1, by arranging a plurality of rod bodies 1 on the tunnel roof 2, the rod bodies 1 are evenly divided into two groups and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the roof 2, the tensioner 3 is arranged between two opposite connecting sections 103, and the two ends of the tensioner 3 are respectively screwed to the third threads of the two connecting sections 103, so that the two rod bodies 1 interact with each other to tension the roof 2 and provide an arch clamping force to the roof 2, thereby fully improving the anti-deformation effect of the top of the roof 2.

A method for anchoring and supporting thick layers of roof in a deep well high ground stress mining roadway, based on a deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring and supporting device, comprises the following steps:

A plurality of anchor holes are opened at the top of the tunnel, and the plurality of anchor holes are evenly divided into two groups and are symmetrically distributed relative to the top plate 2;

A rod body 1 is installed at each anchor hole position to anchor the anchoring section 101 in the anchor hole;

The pre-tightening section 102 is passed through the top plate 2 so that the nut 10 is located on the bottom surface of the top plate 2, and the nut 10 is rotated along the first thread direction so that the limiting sleeve 7 slides and the stop rod 8 pops out;

Rotate the nut 10 to make the nut 10 and the top plate 2 tightly pressed against each other;

The two connecting sections 103 arranged opposite to each other are respectively connected to a tensioner 3 , so that the tensioner 3 maintains the force of tensioning the two connecting sections 103 in a direction approaching each other, thereby completing the anchoring support of the top plate 2 .

Furthermore, when the nut 10 is rotated to make it tightly abut against the top plate 2, the anchoring section 101 is fixed by abutting the abutting rod 8 against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and then the nut 10 is rotated in the opposite direction to the first thread.

By setting a plurality of rod bodies 1 and opening anchor holes corresponding to the rod bodies 1 one by one, the anchoring section 101 is extended into the anchor hole and fixed, and the limiting sleeve 7 is made to slide and the push rod 8 is ejected by rotating the pre-tightening section 102, and then the nut 10 is rotated in the opposite direction. When the nut 10 abuts against the top plate 2, the limiting sleeve 7 abuts against the push rod 8, so that the push rod 8 is stably connected to the inner wall of the anchor hole, and the two connecting sections 103 in symmetrical positions are rotated in a direction approaching each other and located on the same axis by rotating the mounting seat 14 and the connecting seat 11 at the same time, and the two ends of the tensioner 3 are respectively screwed to the two third threads, so that the connecting section 103 is tensioned, so that the two connecting sections 103 provide anti-deformation force to the top plate 2, and generate prestress between the top plate 2 and the rock mass, thereby enhancing the support strength of the top plate 2, and also achieving the effect of enhancing the connection stability of the anchoring section 101.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring support device, characterized by comprising: A rod body (1), wherein an anchoring section (101), a pre-tightening section (102) and a connecting section (103) are sequentially formed on the rod body (1); The anchoring section (101) is used for anchoring with an anchor hole opened at the top of the tunnel; The pre-tightening section (102) is arranged on the top plate (2), and one end of the pre-tightening section (102) passes through the top plate (2) and is slidably matched with the anchoring section (101), wherein when the pre-tightening section (102) moves in a direction away from the anchoring section (101), the support member elastically connected to the anchoring section (101) abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and when the support member abuts against the inner wall of the anchor hole, the pre-tightening section (102) moves in a direction close to the anchoring section (101) and abuts against the top plate (2); The connecting section (103) is rotatably fixed relative to the pre-tensioning section (102), and a tensioner (3) is provided on the connecting section (103). The tensioning end of the tensioner (3) is connected to the connecting section (103) and is used to tension the connecting section (103) in a direction away from the pre-tensioning section (102). 2. The deep-well high-ground stress mining tunnel roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: an empty groove (4) is provided at one end of the pre-tightening section (102) close to the anchoring section (101), a first thread is provided at the portion of the anchoring section (101) located in the empty groove (4), the first thread is screwed to the empty groove (4), and a second thread is provided at the portion of the anchoring section (101) away from the empty groove (4), the second thread is used for anchoring with the anchor hole. 3. The deep well high ground stress mining tunnel roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 2 is characterized in that the thread directions of the first thread and the second thread are opposite. 4. The deep-well high-ground stress mining tunnel roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: one end of a fixing rod (5) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom end of the empty groove (4), a clamping groove is opened in the pre-tightening section (102), the other end of the fixing rod (5) extends into the clamping groove and is fixedly connected to a clamping block (6), the diameter of the fixing rod (5) is smaller than that of the clamping block (6), and the clamping block (6) is slidably matched with the clamping groove. 5. The deep-well high-ground stress mining tunnel roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the end of the empty groove (4) is axially fixedly connected with a limiting sleeve (7), and the diameter of the empty groove (4) is smaller than the diameter of the limiting sleeve (7), and the outer wall of the limiting sleeve (7) is provided with a plurality of through holes. When the first thread is screwed into the empty groove (4), the limiting sleeve (7) is abutted against the support member, and the limiting sleeve (7) and the support member are slidably matched. 6. The deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support member comprises: A plurality of butt rods (8), wherein the outer wall surface of the anchoring section (101) is provided with a plurality of grooves at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, the number of the grooves is the same as that of the butt rods (8) and they correspond one to one, and the butt rods (8) are arranged in the grooves; An elastic plate (9) is arranged at the top end of the groove, one end of the elastic plate (9) is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening section (102), the other end of the elastic plate (9) is fixedly connected to the top end of the push rod (8), and an angle is provided between the elastic plate (9) and the push rod (8), and the push rod (8) extends out of the groove through the elastic plate (9). 7. The deep-well high-ground stress mining tunnel roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that a nut (10) is fixedly connected to the pre-tightening section (102), and the diameter of the pre-tightening section (102) is smaller than the nut (10), and the nut (10) is used to abut against the roof (2). 8. The deep well high ground stress mining roadway roof thick layer anchoring support device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the bottom end of the pre-tightening section (102) is connected to a connecting seat (11) through a rotating shaft (12), a rotating rod (13) is passed through the connecting seat (11), both ends of the rotating rod (13) extend out of the connecting seat (11) and are connected to a mounting seat (14), and one end of the connecting section (103) is welded to the mounting seat (14); Wherein, a third thread is provided on the connecting section (103), and the tensioner (3) is used to be connected to the third thread. 9. A method for anchoring and supporting thick layers of roof in a deep well high ground stress mining roadway, based on the anchoring and supporting device for thick layers of roof in a deep well high ground stress mining roadway according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: A plurality of anchor holes are opened at the top of the tunnel, and the plurality of anchor holes are evenly divided into two groups and are symmetrically distributed relative to the top plate (2); A rod body (1) is installed corresponding to each anchor hole position, and the anchoring section (101) is anchored in the anchor hole; The pre-tightening section (102) is passed through the top plate (2) so that the nut (10) is located on the bottom surface of the top plate (2), and the nut (10) is rotated along the first thread direction so that the limiting sleeve (7) slides and the push rod (8) pops out; Rotate the nut (10) so that the nut (10) and the top plate (2) are tightly pressed against each other; The two connecting sections (103) arranged opposite to each other are respectively connected to a tensioner (3), so that the tensioner (3) maintains the force applied to tension the two connecting sections (103) in a direction approaching each other, thereby completing the anchoring support of the top plate (2). 10. The method for anchoring and supporting thick layers of the roof of a deep well high-ground stress mining tunnel according to claim 9 is characterized in that: when the nut (10) is rotated to make the nut (10) and the roof (2) abut against each other, the anchoring section (101) is fixed by abutting the abutting rod (8) against the inner wall of the anchor hole, and then the nut (10) is rotated in the opposite direction to the first thread.