CN117814163A - Method for distinguishing male and female of silver drum fish based on morphological analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery resource protection and utilization, in particular to a method for judging male and female of a silver drum fish based on body state analysis, which is characterized by collecting 210-215 tail of the silver drum fish, wherein 135-140 tail of female fish and 85-90 tail of male fish, weighing the weight of the fish by an electronic balance, photographing the left side surface of the fish body by a camera, and measuring the shape and the property of the fish body by Image-Pro-Plus to obtain shape and property data of the fish body; according to the method, the sex of the female and male fishes can be judged through the acquired fish body shape and property data under the condition of not damaging the silver fishes, the judging result is more accurate, scientific basis is provided for judging the sex of the silver fishes, and development, protection and utilization of fish resources are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery resource protection and utilization, in particular to a method for distinguishing male and female of silver drum fish based on morphological analysis.
Background
The silver drum fish is also called as multi-line butterfly fishSelenotoca multifasciata) Belonging to the genus Athletic (Actinopterygii), the order Perciformes, the family Scatophagidae (Scatophagidae), the genus Metropetaceae (Selenotoca). The adult silver drum fish body is 20-29cm long, the fish body is flat and round, the whole body is silvery white, the two sides of the body surface are provided with sparse tens of black round spots on the abdomen, and the adult silver drum fish body is money-like, and has ornamental value and edible value. Can be used in seawater, salty and fresh water, salty and alkaline water and fresh water, and has tender meat quality, strong adaptability, high temperature resistance, high growth speed and very broad development prospect.
The fish has very rich sex and expression form in the whole vertebrate. Significant progress has been made in recent 20 years in the study of the genetic basis for fish sex determination. The male and female fishes also have a certain difference in morphological appearance, so that the male fishes and the female fishes can be distinguished from the appearance. Furthermore, a plurality of researchers start from the morphological characteristics of the fishes to study the male and female morphological differences of the fishes, which provides a powerful basis for distinguishing the gender of the fishes. The study on the monetary fish shows that the difference between male and female individuals is mainly concentrated on 3 aspects of head characteristics, body characteristics and fullness, and the study on the loach shows that the difference between male and female individuals is mainly concentrated on aspects of head, trunk, jaw, body type fatness degree, whole frame outline and the like.
Because of the scarce resources of the whitefish, few studies on whitefish are reported at present, and a chromosome grouping of a male is studied at present, which consists of 48 pairs of near-end chromosomes. And sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome of the silver drum, observing the development of the embryos and the young fries of the chimonanthus nitens, and taking out the membranes from the fertilized eggs after the development of the chimonanthus nitens for 18h20min under the conditions of water temperature (27.0+/-1.0) DEG C and salinity 32, wherein 3d is opened after the membrane is taken out, 15d enters the young fries, and 33d enters the young fries. Preliminary researches are carried out on the streptococcus iniae disease of the tropical ornamental fish, and after the strain separated from kidney tissues of the tropical ornamental fish, the strain is artificially infected with healthy fish, and is obtained by comprehensive identification. At present, analysis on the male and female morphology of the silver drum fish is not reported at present, so that a scientific basis can be provided for judging male and female of the silver drum fish by carrying out preliminary analysis on morphological characteristics of male and female individuals of the silver drum fish.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for judging the sex of a silver drum fish based on morphological analysis, which can judge the sex of the silver drum fish through the acquired morphological character data of the fish body under the condition of not damaging the silver drum fish.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for distinguishing male and female of silver drum fish based on morphological analysis comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting 210-215 fish of the silver drum, wherein the female fish is 135-140 fish and the male fish is 85-90 fish, weighing the fish body weight by an electronic balance, photographing the left side surface of the fish body by using a camera, and measuring the fish body shape and character by using an Image-Pro-Plus to obtain fish body shape and character data;
s2, dividing the length of the posterior head and the eye diameter by the length of the head, normalizing the other characters by the body length, and carrying out subsequent analysis on 20 characters in total of 11 measured characters and 9 proportional characters;
s3, constructing a statistical model by utilizing a wilk' S-lambda method, introducing a defined variable when the F-type distribution value is used as a reference and is more than 3.84, removing the variable below 2.71, gradually introducing the variable, and finally establishing a Fisher judging function;
and S4, substituting 3 morphological character data of each experimental silver drum fish into a discriminant function equation respectively, wherein the function with a larger calculation result is the category to which the function belongs.
Preferably, in the step S1, the fish weight is accurate to 0.1g, and the fish shape and the character are accurate to 0.01mm.
Preferably, in the step S1, the obtained fish body shape property data includes full length: x is x 1 Length of body: x is x 2 Height: x is x 3 Tail length: x is x 4 Head length: x is x 5 Posterior head length: x is x 6 Eye diameter: x is x 7 Tail shank length: x is x 8 The tail handle is high: x is x 9 Back kissing distance: x is x 10 。
Preferably, in the step S2, the single-factor analysis of variance method is adopted to process the 20 personality data, the characters with significant difference of the t test result are screened out for principal component analysis, and the principal component with the cumulative contribution rate of 83-87% is selected.
Preferably, in the step S2, the clustering analysis uses the furthest neighboring element, the pearson correlation is used for measurement, and the discriminant analysis uses a stepwise discriminant method for discriminant.
Preferably, in the step S2, the first morphological characteristics are full length, body length, height, back kissing distance, head length, eye back head length, and tail length when performing cluster analysis.
Preferably, in the step S2, the second morphological characteristics are high/body length, back kissing distance/body length, high caudal peduncle, and high caudal peduncle/body length when performing cluster analysis.
Preferably, in the step S2, the third type of morphological characteristics are caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle length/body length, eye diameter/head length when performing cluster analysis.
Preferably, in the step S3, 15 different morphological characters are gradually introduced through 3 operation steps, and the model is modeled according to the variablesThe contribution quantity is gradually removed, and the variables with small contribution quantity are screened out to obtain 3 variables of high, back kissing distance/body length and tail handle height/body length, and X is used 1 、X 2 、X 3 Representing the height, the back kissing distance/body length, the tail handle height/body length, and establishing a discrimination equation;
wherein the discrimination equation of female is as follows:
F1=1.650*X 1 +1382.862*X 2 +1344.693*X 3 -453.431；
the discrimination equation of the male is as follows:
F2=1.438*X 1 +1342.817*X 2 +1412.765*X 3 -421.927。
preferably, in the step S3, the result of the saliency test performed on the discriminant function shows that P is less than 0.01, which indicates that the discriminant function reaches a significant level, and the frequency patterns of the male and female individuals are obtained by calculating the discrimination score value of each individual of the silver drum fish, and the male and female sexes of the silver drum fish are distinguished significantly by the frequency pattern model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the sex of the female and male fishes can be judged through the acquired fish body shape and property data under the condition of not damaging the silver fishes, the judging result is more accurate, scientific basis is provided for judging the sex of the silver fishes, and development, protection and utilization of fish resources are facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the morphological characters of a silver drum fish;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of female and male individuals of the silver drum fish in main components 1, 2 and 3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of standardized morphological character R-cluster analysis of silver drum fish;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of frequency distribution of female individual discrimination scores of the silver drum fish;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of frequency distribution of individual discrimination scores of males of whitebait.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A method for distinguishing male and female of silver drum fish based on morphological analysis comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting 211 fish of silver drum, wherein the weight of female fish 138 and male fish 89 is measured by an electronic balance, photographing the left side surface of the fish body by using a camera, measuring the shape and the shape of the fish body by using an Image-Pro-Plus, and obtaining the following data, wherein the shape and the shape of the fish body are accurate to 0.01 mm:
full length: x is x 1 Length of body: x is x 2 Height: x is x 3 Tail length: x is x 4 Head length: x is x 5 Posterior head length: x is x 6 Eye diameter: x is x 7 Tail shank length: x is x 8 The tail handle is high: x is x 9 Back kissing distance: x is x 10 ；
In the steps, the adopted Image-Pro-Plus is powerful 2D and 3D Image processing, enhancing and analyzing software, and has abnormally abundant measuring and customizing functions;
s2, dividing the length of the posterior head and the eye diameter by the length of the head, normalizing the other characters by the body length, and carrying out subsequent analysis on 20 characters in total of 11 measured characters and 9 proportional characters;
processing the 20 personality data by adopting a single factor analysis of variance method, screening out principal component analysis of characters with significant difference of t-test results, selecting several principal components with accumulated contribution rate of about 85%, measuring by adopting furthest adjacent elements in cluster analysis and pearson correlation, and judging by adopting a gradual judging method in discriminant analysis;
s3, constructing a statistical model by utilizing a wilk' S-lambda method, introducing defined variables when the F-type distribution value is used as a reference and is more than 3.84, removing variables below 2.71, gradually introducing the variables, and finally establishing a Fisher judging function;
gradually introducing 15 different morphological characters through 3 times of operation, gradually removing the variables with small contribution according to the contribution of the variables to the model, and finally screening out 3 variables with high body length, back kissing distance/body length and tail handle height/body length, wherein the 3 variables can reflect the differences of the external morphological profile (high body length, back kissing distance/body length) and tail characteristics (tail handle height/body length) of the body of the silver drum fish, so as to obtain the three-dimensional model with X 1 、X 2 、X 3 Representing the height, the back kissing distance/body length, the tail handle height/body length, and establishing a discrimination equation;
wherein the discrimination equation of female (female) is as follows:
F1=1.650*X 1 +1382.862*X 2 +1344.693*X 3 -453.431；
the discrimination equation for male ().
F2=1.438*X 1 +1342.817*X 2 +1412.765*X 3 -421.927；
Display of the result of the significance test of the discriminant functionPThe discriminant function reaches a significant level, and the frequency patterns (figures 4 and 5) of the male and female individuals are obtained by calculating the discriminant score value of each individual of the silver drum fish, so that the model can be used for significantly distinguishing the male and female sexes of the silver drum fish;
and S4, substituting 3 morphological character data of each experimental silver drum fish into a discriminant function equation respectively, wherein the function with a larger calculation result is the category to which the function belongs.
Results and analysis:
(1) and (3) comparing the male and female forms of the silver drum fish:
the weight variation coefficients of female and male silver drum fishes are the largest, the female is 18.83%, the male is 16.12%, the second is the variation coefficient of the tail stem length, the female is 10.23%, and the male is 9.74%; the coefficient of variation of full length/body length is minimal, female is 1.13%, male is 1.11%; the variation coefficient of other characters is between 3.39% and 9.10%. In general, the interindividual morphological characteristics of female silver-drum fish have a larger coefficient of variation than that of male, except for the length of the caudal peduncles. From the average value difference result, the average value difference of the weights of the male and female reaches 48.48g, the total length is 13.76mm, the body length is 12.44mm, and the average value difference of other characters is within 10;
the difference significance analysis results showed (table 1) that the variances of the 10 properties of eye diameter, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle height, dorsal kissing distance, full length/body length, caudal length/body length, cephalad length/body length, eye diameter/cephalad length, caudal peduncle length/body length, caudal peduncle height/body length were all in alignment, except that the variances were in alignment. The mean t-test results showed that, except that 4 characters of full length/body length, tail length/body length, head length/body length, and back head length/head length were not significantly different, tail stem length/body length, tail stem height/body length were significantly different, and other characters were significantly different.
TABLE 1 differential significance test of standardized traits of male and female silver-drum fish
Note that: * Representing significant differenceP< 0.05); * Representing extremely significant differencesP＜0.01）。
(2) And (3) main component analysis:
in order to determine the morphological index system of the silver drum fish, main component analysis is carried out on 15 morphological characters with obvious difference of t-test results of the silver drum fish, and the spherical test results show that KMO=0.643 is more than 0.6, and the main component analysis results are effective. The first 4 principal components were screened for cumulative contribution up to 84.552% and also for the loading of each trait index on these 4 principal components (see table 2). The results show that: the contribution rates of the main components 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 46.675, 16.643, 12.366 and 8.867 respectively, and the contribution rate of the main component 1 is obviously higher than that of other components. The contribution rate of the main component 1 reaches 46.675 percent, and the characters with the load capacity larger than 0.6 are 8 characters of full length, body height, tail length, head length, eye back head length, tail handle height and back kissing distance, and reflect the overall frame index of the silver drum fish. The main component 2 contribution rate is 16.643%, the characteristics of the load larger than 0.6 are caudal peduncle length, high/body length and back kissing distance/body length, the external contour characteristics of the silver drum fish are reflected, the main component 3 contribution rate is 12.366%, the characteristics of the load larger than 0.6 are ocular diameter, caudal peduncle length/body length and ocular diameter/head length, the tail characteristics and eye characteristics of the silver drum fish are reflected, the main component 4 contribution rate is 8.867%, the characteristics of the load larger than 0.6 are reflected, and the tail characteristics of the silver drum fish are reflected. Therefore, the main morphological character index system of the silver drum fish can be divided into 4 parts, namely an integral frame index, an external contour index, a tail and an eye index.
Table 2 4 principal component contribution rates and load amounts of the respective indices
Description: a represents a trait having a load of more than 0.6.
The main component score is used for plotting a scatter diagram (fig. 2) for female and male individuals among the main components 1, 2 and 3, and the main component 1 axis, the main component 2 axis and the main component 3 axis are overlapped and staggered, but the main component score is slightly separated, the morphological difference between the female and male individuals is not obvious, and the main component analysis cannot effectively distinguish the female and male fish.
(3) R-Cluster analysis:
as can be seen from the R-cluster analysis results of the 15 morphological characters of the 215-tail silver-drum fish, the morphological characters of the silver-drum fish can be divided into three main categories, wherein the first category is full length, body length, height, back kissing distance, head length, eye back head length and tail length, and the overall profile characteristic parameters are reflected (as shown in fig. 3). Reflecting the characteristics of the main component 1. The second category is: high/body length, back kissing distance/body length, high caudal peduncle/body length, etc., which are external appearance characteristics and tail type characteristics. Reflecting the characteristics of principal component 2 and principal component 4. The third category is caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle length/body length, eye diameter/head length, reflecting caudal and ocular characteristics. Corresponding to the characteristics of the main component 3.
(4) Calculating and judging accuracy:
and substituting 3 morphological character data of each experimental silver drum fish into a discriminant function equation respectively, wherein the function with a larger calculation result is the category to which the function belongs. The discrimination results show (table 3) that the discrimination accuracy of the female population of the silver drum fish is 80.4%, the discrimination accuracy of the male population is 85.4%, and the comprehensive discrimination accuracy is 82.4%.
TABLE 3 accuracy of judging male and female of silver drum fish
(5) Conclusion:
biological character differences such as individual size, body type, propagation mode, body color, mature age, growth rate and the like exist among the male and female individuals of most fishes. Morphological research is an important basis of breeding work, and particularly in selective breeding work, female individuals and male individuals with optimal individual characters can be selected only on the basis of effectively distinguishing the sexes of fishes. Many fish species have abnormal growth rate of female and male individuals. The silver drum fish is reflected in the result, and the average weight difference of the male and female individuals in the same batch can reach 48.48g. The variation coefficient of the body weight of the female individual is 18.83%, and the variation coefficient of the body weight of the male individual is 16.12%, which indicates that obvious growth abnormal speed phenomenon exists in female and male populations. The whole length and the whole length also show the same law, which means that in the male and female discrimination, the individuals of the same age can be compared and discriminated by means of indexes such as weight, whole length and the like. In this respect, the situation is similar to that of the money fish, and the amphiprotic special-shaped phenomenon exists.
The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis show that the first class of R cluster analysis corresponds to the result of principal component 1, reflects overall contour features, the second class of R-clusters corresponds to the features of principal component 2 and principal component 4, reflects external morphological features and tail features, and the third class of R-clusters corresponds to the features of principal component 3, reflecting tail and eye features. Therefore, the morphological difference of the individual silver drum fish is mainly reflected in the aspects of external contour, tail characteristics, eye characteristics and the like. By using a gradual discrimination method, 3 personality shapes of high body, back kissing distance/body length and tail stem height/body length are screened out to establish a discrimination equation, and the comprehensive discrimination rate of the silver drum fish can reach 82.4 percent. This shows that the female and male individuals of the mature parent fish of the silver drum fish can be well distinguished according to the 3 characters, but the distinguishing and identification of the individuals which do not reach the sexual maturity are still needed to be further studied.
the t test result shows that 15 characters have obvious differences between male and female individuals, the differences are mainly represented by that the overall outline of female individuals is thicker, the length-height ratio of the body is smaller, and the overall outline of male individuals appears to be more slim; for the caudal peduncles, the caudal peduncles of female individuals appear more robust, while the caudal peduncles of male individuals are more slender.
Why male and female individuals of the same age of silver drum fish show obvious abnormal growth, as can be seen from the gonad period development rule of the silver drum fish, the gonads of the male develop earlier than the gonads of the female, and the male uses more energy for reproduction rather than growth, so that the growth of the male individuals is limited; while the female is not, because its gonads are mature late, it can gain more energy for growth and thus appear to be larger in size.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The method for distinguishing the male and female of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, collecting 210-215 fish of the silver drum, wherein the female fish is 135-140 fish and the male fish is 85-90 fish, weighing the fish body weight by an electronic balance, photographing the left side surface of the fish body by using a camera, and measuring the fish body shape and character by using an Image-Pro-Plus to obtain fish body shape and character data;
s2, dividing the length of the posterior head and the eye diameter by the length of the head, normalizing the other characters by the body length, and carrying out subsequent analysis on 20 characters in total of 11 measured characters and 9 proportional characters;
s3, constructing a statistical model by utilizing a wilk' S-lambda method, introducing a defined variable when the F-type distribution value is used as a reference and is more than 3.84, removing the variable below 2.71, gradually introducing the variable, and finally establishing a Fisher judging function;
and S4, substituting 3 morphological character data of each experimental silver drum fish into a discriminant function equation respectively, wherein the function with a larger calculation result is the category to which the function belongs.
2. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S1, the weight of the fish is accurate to 0.1g, and the shape and the character of the fish body are accurate to 0.01mm.
3. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S1, the obtained fish body shape property data includes full length: x is x 1 Length of body: x is x 2 Height: x is x 3 Tail length: x is x 4 Head length: x is x 5 Posterior head length: x is x 6 Eye diameter: x is x 7 Tail shank length: x is x 8 The tail handle is high: x is x 9 Back kissing distance: x is x 10 。
4. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, 20 personality data are processed by adopting a single-factor analysis of variance method, characters with significant differences of t-test results are screened out for principal component analysis, and principal components with accumulated contribution rate of 83-87% are selected.
5. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, the furthest adjacent element is adopted for cluster analysis, the pearson correlation is used for measurement, and the step-by-step discriminant method is adopted for discriminant analysis.
6. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, the first morphological characters are full length, body length, height, back kissing distance, head length, eye back head length and tail length when cluster analysis is performed.
7. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, the second morphological characteristics are high/body length, back kissing distance/body length, high caudal peduncle, and high caudal peduncle/body length during cluster analysis.
8. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S2, the third morphological characteristics are caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle length/body length, eye diameter/head length when performing cluster analysis.
9. The method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S3, 15 different morphological characters are gradually introduced through 3 times of operation, the variables with small contribution are gradually removed according to the contribution of the variables to the model, and 3 variables with high, back kissing distance/body length and tail handle height/body length are screened out, and X is used 1 、X 2 、X 3 Representing the height, the back kissing distance/body length, the tail handle height/body length, and establishing a discrimination equation;
wherein the discrimination equation of female is as follows:
F1=1.650*X 1 +1382.862*X 2 +1344.693*X 3 -453.431；
the discrimination equation of the male is as follows:
F2=1.438*X 1 +1342.817*X 2 +1412.765*X 3 -421.927。
10. the method for distinguishing the sex of the silver drum fish based on the morphological analysis according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S3, the result of the significance test of the discriminant function is displayedP< 0.01, indicating that the discriminant function reaches a significant level by calculating each tail of silverThe identification score value of the individual of the whitefish is used for obtaining a frequency distribution diagram of the female and male individuals, and the female and male sexes of the whitefish are obviously distinguished by the frequency distribution diagram model.
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