CN117802685A - Knitwear with edge reinforcement and apparatus and method for manufacturing such knitwear - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, a knitting, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing such a knitting are provided, the knitting having a warp system forming stitches with edge reinforcements formed by repeatedly inserting protruding weft ends. The ended wefts are repeatedly bound at the edges, wherein the knitting is designed as a weave of defined width, on the edges of which warps are arranged, respectively, which delimit the weave. The length of the weft is greater than the width of the woven portion so that the weft has a surplus portion. The surplus portion is deflected at an angle against the braiding direction at least to such an extent that: the surplus portion is bound as a selvedge portion in the warp system forming the stitches, in at least one stitch following in relation to the production direction of the knitted portion, as an edge reinforcement. In order to produce such a knitting, the device has a deflection element, by means of which the surplus portion is deflected and reinserted into the stitch, respectively, in order to achieve an edge-reinforced trim.

Description

Knitwear with edge reinforcement and apparatus and method for manufacturing such knitwear

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a knitwear item with edge reinforcement, an apparatus and a method for manufacturing such a knitwear item. Knitwear with a weft system is known. In the case of knitwear, also known as fabric, is manufactured with the aid of a warp system forming stitches. In principle, the fabric is sufficiently stable even without weft threads and has a corresponding degree of aggregation, since the stitches are interconnected with each other both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction of the knitting. However, for aesthetic and strength reasons, it is also possible to weave the weft threads in a fabric having a uniform stitch distribution over its entire width. These wefts are bound in the stitch by means of the knitted fabric forming the stitch. Knitwear is also commonly used as a lattice structure. In such a grid structure, strips formed of a plurality of stitches woven with each other in the width direction and connected to each other in the width direction with the weft incorporated in the stitches are formed by warp yarns forming the stitches in the production direction of the woven portion, respectively. For a mesh knit, the weft is necessary. In particular for the lattice structure on which the invention is based, three types of wires are required: warp, warp and weft yarns forming a stitch. In contrast to knitwear, in nonwoven fabrics, the weft threads which are attached by ironing to the warp threads are always necessary.

Background

In order to provide the knitwear with a corresponding edge stability, various measures are known in the prior art. A method and a chain knitting machine for producing a chain knitted fabric with inserted reinforcing elements are described in DE10163730C 1. The reinforcement elements described serve to increase the strength of the knitted fabric and consist of yarns, fibers, wool or other elements oriented in the direction of the links. These stiffening elements are fed in a manner that stiffens the stitch complex, for which purpose a more complex needle structure and thus a more complex knit element arrangement is required. The stiffening element is used in the knitted fabric portion but not in the edge region for stiffening the knitted fabric.

DE10021341A1 describes a predominantly multi-layered weft laying for forming a thread layer with a multiaxial orientation and a thread feeder therefor. Again, the endless weft threads are laid in the feed direction and in the return direction, and irrespective of the laying direction, all weft threads have the same distance from one another. In particular, a gentle return of the traces should be noted. The fabric is reinforced by endless weft threads, and the need for soft and smooth fabric and also edge reinforcement is not mentioned in this document.

Although in CN111479964a grid structure of knitwear is described, wherein longitudinal and transverse threads are bound in their respective crossing points. No information is obtained in the prior art about the edge region of the reinforcing knitted article or fabric, except for the multilayer cover layer which affects the reinforcement.

In US5,246,306B, reinforcements for asphalt layers are described, and methods for making such reinforcements and reinforced layers are described. A lattice structure is placed over such an asphalt layer and intersecting fibers are secured at their intersections. The edge reinforcement is not described.

In DE10200600341383, a knitted fabric with selvedge parts segmented by inserted weft threads is described, and the use of such a knitted fabric is described. In the case of the knitted fabric described, the individual pieces of limited length (which are wider than the actual knitted fabric width) are bound in a crosswise manner in the production direction of the knitted fabric, the protruding ends of which are folded by 180 ° and are correspondingly knitted in the lateral regions. This results in a border, but this is independent of the stabilization of the edge region of the tissue, but it is possible to produce a region with a letter designation, logo or at least a color, which is arranged as an advertising carrier in the edge region of the knitted fabric. The trim portion thus has a purely visual or aesthetic purpose, mainly providing a label presentation for a specific high-priced garment.

Furthermore, in CH688382A5, a method for inserting a well-defined network edge, in particular for a keffiyeh, is described. The knitted fabric edge also serves here as a aesthetic feature; the weft threads are in the usual manner in a crossed manner, in accordance with the binding, thermally bonded, i.e. bound, to the warp threads, the ends of the respective weft threads extending over the width of the knitted fabric being folded over by 180 °. This also does not act as an edge reinforcement, but rather is a purely aesthetic feature.

In DE4222076A1, a knitted fabric is also described, in which the protruding ends of the weft threads are inserted into the edge regions of the knitted fabric by means of a 180 ° fold by means of the thread insertion technique, while the aim is to bind the weft thread ends in the knitted fabric in such a way that the weft thread ends are ultimately substantially invisible.

Known fabrics stabilized with reinforcements are limited to: the fabric is reinforced either at the surface or internally, but no reinforcement in the edge region is described. The selvedge part described for knitted fabrics is independent of the knitting and can only be achieved by turning the protruding weft around 180 ° because there is essentially no other possibility due to the grid-based tying of the weft to the bond sites. In the case of the selvedge part of the knitted fabric, only a defined orientation of the inserted weft ends is achieved, in particular irrespective of whether it is a multifilament yarn or a monofilament yarn of the weft. Known knitted fabrics with selvedge portions are based on the orientation of the guides by not cutting the ends of the weft threads, which would lead to an unsightly appearance due to the looms, and on the knitting and hiding of the ends of the weft threads, so as to improve the visual appeal as a whole. In the case of knitted fabrics, in particular in the case of the geotextile process resembling a mesh, this is not analogous to a fabric.

Disclosure of Invention

In contrast to the known textile products, the object of the invention is therefore to create a textile grid of weft threads, warp threads and warp threads forming stitches, wherein the weft threads are end-ended weft threads and the ends thereof which protrude over the width of the knitted fabric are preferably arranged uncontrolled, i.e. at any angle, obliquely re-knitted against the production direction of the knitted fabric. The object includes: not only monofilament yarns but also multifilament yarns are used as weft yarns, wherein the individual filaments are raveled out such that: the weft thread is returned again into the knitted fabric not at an angle but at various angles to the individual filaments of the multifilament yarn as selvedge part and is stitched and fixed there into the stitch.

This object is achieved by a knitwear item having the features according to claim 1, an apparatus having the features according to claim 7 and a method having the features according to claim 9. Suitable developments are defined in the respective dependent claims.

The knitwear according to the invention has a warp system forming stitches to which end wefts are attached, i.e. woven. The knitwear is designed with a woven portion of defined width, on the edges of which warp threads are arranged, which delimit the woven portion at the edges. The length of the weft thread which is woven in and has ends is greater than the width of the woven portion, so that the weft thread has a surplus portion in relation to the corresponding warp thread. To achieve edge reinforcement, the trim portion of the knitwear is achieved in the following manner: so that the surplus portion of the weft thread is deflected at a defined angle relative to the width of the braiding part against the braiding part production direction. Specifically, the surplus portion deflects at least to the following extent: such that the surplus portion is bound as selvedge portion in at least one of the following stitches in relation to the production direction of the knitted portion into the warp yarn system forming the stitch. For knitwear, the weft is used as a monofilament or multifilament thread. The advantages of the folds against the production direction of the braiding parts as a function of each other in relation to all the known selvedge parts described in the mesh fabric are not achieved at a defined angle. But it is sufficient if the surplus of the weft is turned in any direction, preferably between 90 ° and 180 °. Edge reinforcement already occurs when the surplus portion is woven again by folding it against the weaving direction, i.e. in the warp direction. In comparison to monofilament yarns, problems occur in multifilament weft yarns, i.e. a certain degree of spreading of the individual filaments of the yarn may occur. If the surplus from the multifilament yarn is folded over again in a fanned-out manner, the individual filaments or filament groups are each knitted into a different stitch and are thus bound. Such binding of individual filaments or groups of individual filaments has the advantage that the individual filaments do not lift up from the knitting and on the other hand a comparatively good edge reinforcement of the knitting can be achieved.

In principle, it is sufficient that: the surplus portion turned against the production direction of the woven portion is bound into at least one stitch following the actual weft thread. However, it is preferred that the surplus portion is bound multiple times, i.e. in a plurality of stitches. When multiple binding is achieved, better edge reinforcement of the knitting is generally achieved than if the surplus is bound in only a single stitch.

According to the invention, the knitting is preferably a textile grid. Such a textile grid consists of three yarn systems: warp threads which are distributed continuously in the production direction, i.e. in the so-called 0 ° direction, without direction change; weft yarns distributed transversely to the production direction of the woven portion, i.e. in the direction of 90 °, inside the woven portion, wherein the weft yarns and the warp yarns only cross, but no woven portion connecting the two yarns has yet been formed; and warp yarns by which stitches are formed. Here, these stitches are represented and arranged in the following way: such that the stitch secures the warp and weft threads relative to each other, in particular at the crossing point. If necessary, the warp threads are also fixed, the warp threads and the weft threads can be fixed relative to one another in groups. If one of these yarn systems is absent, the braiding parts disintegrate into individual parts which no longer appear as a functioning textile grid. Such a system of warp yarns, called stitch-forming warp yarn system, comprises warp yarns which are simultaneously extracted from the respective chain trees and which are used to produce interconnected stitches, with the stitch-forming needle system, in order to produce a knitting, i.e. a knitted fabric.

An important advantage of the invention is that the surplus portion of the weft thread can be bound when it is stitched into the knitting edge, i.e. the stitch therein, in particular without special consideration being given to the position of the surplus portion with respect to the knitting production direction or with respect to the stitch formation direction. For the usually relatively high filament count of the weft in the woven mesh structure, especially for the mesh of geotextiles, significant edge reinforcement of the knitwear is facilitated even if the surplus portion is unraveled as it is folded and can then be stitched into a large number of stitches.

Preferably, the surplus portion of the weft is folded in the following way: such that at the braiding part, at least over the length of the stitch, an orientation of approximately 0 °, i.e. in the direction towards the respective side warp carrier, is firstly achieved; and to stitch or bind the surplus portion, the stitch is said to remain empty, and then the surplus portion is wrapped back into the subsequent stitch, so that the surplus portion is then knitted in at any, uncontrolled angular orientation against the production direction of the knitted portion.

This uncontrolled insertion means: the angular orientation of the surplus portions in the trim portion is not controlled, so that all surplus portions do not have the same angle, for example, with respect to the braiding direction, but rather a simple folding is achieved and only what is important here is: the folded-over portion, i.e. the surplus portion of the weft thread, is bound and thus fixed accordingly at least in one stitch, preferably in a plurality of stitches. Thereby, edge reinforcement of the knitwear is achieved.

Preferably, the knitting is a grid structure in which the rows of stitches distributed in the production direction of the knitted fabric, seen in the width of the knitting, have between them areas in which only the weft threads which interconnect the individual rows of stitches are present, so that the grid structure as a whole is formed. Suitably, the weft margins are then respectively knitted in at least one stitch in the respective row of stitches located on the edge of the knitting.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the device for producing a knitting according to the aforesaid characteristics of the knitting according to the invention is configured such that the respective knitting tool of the warp system for forming the stitch and the weft knitting system for knitting the weft into the warp system for forming the stitch are provided such that the weft is bound accordingly in its respective stitch in the warp system for forming the stitch. The weft threads having a length exceeding the width of the knitting form a surplus with respect to the width of the knitting, which surplus according to the device according to the invention enables such surplus to be externally, i.e. from the outside warp threads, to be woven back into the outside stitch row consisting of stitches. Reinsertion into the corresponding stitch row formed by the warp yarn system, which is achieved by the surplus portion, forms an edge-reinforced trim portion. The orientation of the surplus portion in the trim portion is arbitrary or uncontrolled.

The deflection element is preferably designed as an air nozzle structure, i.e. as a pneumatic structure. However, it is also possible to use mechanical deflection elements, such as mechanical guides, shoe structures or slat structures or brush structures, comb structures or switch structures. The use of the corresponding deflecting element is also dependent on the type of material of the weft thread used. The air nozzle structure is preferred as the pneumatic structure.

According to another aspect of the invention, the previously described edge-reinforced knitwear item is manufactured using the previously described apparatus. In the method according to the invention, the weft thread with the ends is woven into the stitch-forming warp system forming the weave. The weave portion is defined by warp threads at its fabric edges. For edge reinforcement of the knitting, the ends of the weft that extend beyond the width of the knitting are used, so that the weft is longer than the width of the knitting. The surplus portion present with respect to the fabric edge is inserted first along the edge warp threads against the direction of production of the woven portion and then back into at least the outer row of stitches formed by the warp yarn system forming the stitches. According to the invention, the surplus portion is inserted into at least one stitch of a row of stitches at the edge of the fabric at an angle relative to the weft direction for forming an edge-reinforced trim portion. The method is applicable in principle to monofilament wefts as well as to multifilament wefts. Preferably, the surplus of the weft thread is inserted uncontrolled in terms of its insertion direction into the warp system forming the stitch. This means that, when applying a monofilament weft, the weft ends, i.e. the direction of the surplus portion, are bound into the knitting in any direction in an angle range of 90 ° to 180 °.

For multifilament yarns, it is generally unavoidable that the cut end, in this case the surplus of the weft, spreads out in a fan-like fashion as a result of the folding, so that the inserted end is not fed into the selvedge part at a defined angle, but within the angle range of the separated filaments or of the separated groups of filaments of the multifilament yarn of the weft. The greater the extent to which the ends of the multifilament yarn are fan-dispersed, the more stitches contribute to binding the surplus portion of the weft. Thus, a border portion of the knitting is produced which is irregular in terms of the surplus portion of the weft thread, and this border portion in particular also contributes to the formation of a significant edge reinforcement for the knitting by being spread in a fan-like manner.

Preferably, the surplus portion enters the stitches of the warp yarn system forming the stitches from the beginning, being multiply tied into the row of stitches following the weft yarn with respect to the direction of production of the knitted portion.

Drawings

Further advantages and details of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following figures for two embodiments. Wherein:

figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a knitting in the form of a grid structure according to the invention, and

fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the stitch-forming warp system according to the invention in the form of an inverse tight-lay.

Detailed Description

The knitting 1 shown in fig. 1 represents a lattice structure 11. The grid structure is formed by a system of warp yarns 2 forming the stitch, warp yarns 6 distributed in the direction of the system of warp yarns forming the stitch and weft yarns 3 transverse to the rows of warp yarns forming the stitch (which are vertical structures as shown in fig. 1) and interconnecting the rows of warp yarns forming the stitch. The weft thread 3 and the warp thread 6 which in fig. 1 is anchored vertically in the warp thread row 2 forming the stitch are not themselves connected to one another, i.e. they are not fixed in position. The weft thread 3 and the warp thread 6 are fixed in the stitch 9 by means of the warp system 2 forming a stitch row with the stitch 9. A fixed and retainable grid structure 11 is thus only available.

The weft thread 3 plotted horizontally in fig. 1 is a weft thread whose length is greater than the width of the knitting 1 or the knitted portion 4. Thereby, a surplus portion 7 is formed which exists with respect to the warp threads 6 located directly on the edge on each side of the woven portion 4. The surplus portion 7 is formed in such a way that the weft thread 3 is fixed after being laid and bound into the stitches 9 of the stitch row 12, so that the lattice structure 11 can be used for example for coating a fabric. However, it is also possible that the weft thread 3 can be completely withdrawn again from the lattice structure 11 after the corresponding pulling has been applied. Thus, the lattice structure 11 may be elongated in its basic shape to form rectangular areas and segments. In the application of the woven lattice structure 11, for example, as a geotextile fabric (which has obliquely distributed fence line segments, which is the actual function of such geotextile fabric to prevent the wire-off of the ground layer or to reduce the inclination thereto), such a function may not be ensured in all ranges. Thus, according to the invention, the surplus portion 7 of the respective weft thread 3 is returned at an angle of 90 ° to 180 ° against the braiding direction 8 in an angularly uncontrolled manner, and the subsequent stitches to which the weft thread has been bound are also bound. This produces a reinforced edge which secures the weft thread 3, the warp thread 6 and the stitch row 12 to one another, so that the aligned grid structure 11 remains fixed in terms of its shape, even when a pulling force is applied to the edge, which may occur, for example, when laying geotextiles. By inserting back the surplus portion 7 and binding it into the stitch 9 following in connection with the stitch of the binding weft thread 3. In order to return the respective surplus portion 7 of the respective weft thread to one or more of the outer stitch rows, the surplus portion 7 is bound in at least one stitch 9 of such stitch row 12.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the surplus portion 7 is bound by two stitch rows 12 formed alongside one another with corresponding warp threads 6, which provides better retention, better fixation and better edge fixation. Before the surplus portion 7 is inserted back and bound to the stitch 9, the surplus portion 7 is deflected at 90 ° with respect to the weft direction, i.e. in the direction of the warp thread 6, at least over the length of the stitch 9 of the bound outer edge warp thread 6, and is then woven with its immediate end in the selvedge portion 10 into the stitch row or rows 12. The deflection of the surplus portion 7 from the horizontal direction shown in fig. 1 (which means a deflection of 90 ° with respect to the braiding production direction 8, i.e. 90 °) means that: the surplus portion 7 is firstly distributed along the warp threads 6 arranged on the outermost edge 5, in order to then return the remaining surplus portion 7 of the weft thread 3 into the stitch row 12 in an angled manner likewise counter to the braiding direction 8. There, the surplus portion is captured again by the stitch forming portion and bound. The respective outer warp threads 6 can thus be pulled out of the braiding part 4 or pushed into the braiding part 4 by a defined process force transversely to the braiding part 4, for example during subsequent processing or during the laying of the braiding part 4.

In this way, a knitted article 1 with a fixed edge is produced in a simple manner, which also maintains the position of its individual yarn structures relative to one another under relatively severe texture use conditions.

In the embodiment according to fig. 1, three weft threads 3, which are distributed in a 90 ° orientation with respect to the braiding part production direction 8, are each laid in groups. The warp threads forming the stitch, which are shown in the stitch row forming the stitch or in the stitch system 2 forming the stitch, bind the weft thread 3 with the warp threads 6 distributed at an orientation of 0 ° with respect to the production direction 8 of the braiding part. In fig. 1, this is shown in the form of a tassel lay. The warp or stitch rows 12 are interconnected by a weft system distributed diagonally in the plane of the weave. The surplus portion 7 of the weft thread 3 is, in the example according to fig. 1, multiply, in the example shown, triple-bound in the respective stitch after the wrap-around and insertion into the stitch row 12 in the third stitch row following the weft thread fixing portion. Of course, edge reinforcement is achieved on both braid edges.

The embodiment shown in fig. 2 corresponds to the basic structure according to fig. 1, so that only specific details are shown here. In fig. 2, only the warp threads 6 located on the outermost edge of the weaving section 5 are shown, along which the surplus portion 7 of the weft thread is oriented at 0 ° with respect to the weaving section production direction 8, i.e. parallel to the outermost warp threads 6, and is caught and bound by the stitches 9 formed there in the stitch-forming warp yarn system 2. The example according to fig. 2 described is the reverse tights lay form. By knitting the surplus portion 7 of the respective weft thread 3 in the direction of the warp thread 6 through the stitches 9 of the stitch-forming warp thread system 2 into the respective outer stitch row, a satisfactory binding of the weft thread 3 inside the knitting 1 and thus also an edge reinforcement and a position fixation has been achieved.

The surplus portion 7 of the weft thread is realized for the arrangement according to fig. 1 and also for the deflection of the arrangement according to fig. 2 by means of a deflection element (not shown), which is preferably of air nozzle design, i.e. the surplus portion 7 is blown in a corresponding manner to be bound in the selvedge portion 10. Mechanical deflection elements, such as corresponding mechanical guides for the surplus portion 7, shoe structures, slide structures or brush structures, comb structures or switch structures, are known to the person skilled in the art as basic structures and are therefore not explained here. It goes without saying that depending on the application, a corresponding selection of the deflection device is allowed.

List of reference numerals

1. Knitwear item

2. Warp system for forming stitches

3. Weft yarn

4. Braiding part

5. Edge of braiding part

6. Warp yarn

7. Surplus portion of weft

8. Production direction of braiding part

9. Stitch trace

10. Edge band

11. Grid structure

12. Stitch movement

Claims (11)

1. Knitwear (1) having a warp system (2) forming stitches into which weft threads (3) with ends are bound, the knitwear (1) being designed with a braiding part (4) of defined width, warp threads (6) delimiting the braiding part (4) being arranged on edges (5) of the braiding part, respectively, wherein the weft threads (3) have a length which is greater than the width of the braiding part (4) and have a surplus portion (7) with respect to the respective warp threads (6),

it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,

the surplus portion (7) is deflected at an angle against the braiding production direction (8) at least to the following extent: the surplus portion is bound as a selvedge portion (10) in at least one of the stitches (9) following in relation to the knitting portion production direction (8) in the warp system (2) forming the stitch.

2. Knitwear (1) as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the surplus portion (7) is multiply bound as selvedge portion (10) in the warp system (2) forming the stitches, in the stitches following with respect to the knitting portion production direction (8).

3. Knitwear item (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the surplus portion (7) is folded at an angle of 90 ° to 180 °.

4. A knitting (1) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the surplus portion (7) is folded at an angle in such a way that: at least one stitch (9) is empty in the knitting production direction (8) between the weft thread (3) and the surplus portion (7) inserted therein.

5. Knitwear (1) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the folded surplus portion (7) of the respective weft thread (3) is inserted uncontrolled in its respective insertion direction into the warp system (2) forming the stitch.

6. Knitwear (1) as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the knitwear (1) is a lattice structure (11).

7. An apparatus for manufacturing a knitwear item as claimed in claims 1 to 6, said apparatus having: a knitting tool for a warp system (2) forming a stitch and a weft knitting system for knitting a weft thread (3) into a warp system (2) forming a stitch,

it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,

a deflection element is provided for re-knitting a weft thread (3) having a surplus portion (7) pressed against the warp thread (6), said weft thread forming an edge-reinforced selvedge portion (10) after insertion.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the deflection element is designed as an air nozzle structure, a guide, a shoe structure or a slat structure or a brush structure, a comb structure or a switch structure.

9. Method for producing an edge-reinforced knitwear (1) according to claims 1 to 6 by means of the device according to claim 7 or 8, in which method a weft thread (3) with ends is woven into a stitch-forming warp system (2) forming a woven portion (4), which woven portion (4) is delimited on a fabric edge (5) by warp threads (6), wherein the weft thread (3) is longer than the width of the woven portion (4) and is inserted with its surplus portion (7) present opposite the fabric edge (5) as a selvedge (10) into at least one stitch (9) of a stitch row (12) of the warp thread system (2) forming a stitch on the fabric edge (5) at an angle relative to the weft direction for forming the edge-reinforced selvedge (10).

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the surplus portion (7) of the weft thread (3) extending over the width of the weaving portion (4) is inserted uncontrolled in its insertion direction into the warp thread system (2) forming the stitch.

11. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the surplus portion (7) of the respective weft thread (3) is bound in particular multiply in the stitch row (12) following the weft thread (3) in the weaving portion production direction (8).