CN117802551A - Ceramic treatment method and device for aluminum alloy cylinder with large length-diameter ratio - Google Patents
Ceramic treatment method and device for aluminum alloy cylinder with large length-diameter ratio Download PDFInfo
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- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- BJZIJOLEWHWTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-H dipotassium;hexafluorozirconium(2-) Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[K+].[K+].[Zr+4] BJZIJOLEWHWTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
The invention provides a ceramic treatment method and a ceramic treatment device for an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio, which relate to the field of surface treatment and comprise the following steps: step one, preprocessing a workpiece; step two, laser strengthening treatment: performing laser scanning strengthening treatment on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder (100); step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, inserting a cathode tool (50) into an aluminum alloy barrel (100), then immersing the cathode tool (50) and an auxiliary tool (40) into electrolyte together, then arranging an ultrasonic transducer (60) below an electrolytic cell (10), and finally preparing a ceramic layer; fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: and (3) adding a hole sealing agent into the electrolytic cell (10) to seal the holes of the ceramic layer. The method can effectively solve the problems that the ceramic layer prepared by the aluminum alloy cylinder with large length-diameter ratio in the micro-arc oxidation process has poor toughness, poor film-based bonding strength, poor compactness, incapability of micro-arc oxidation of an inner cavity, uneven ceramic layer distribution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of surface treatment, in particular to a ceramic treatment method and device for an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, good formability, easy processing and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, vehicle engineering, electronic devices, building construction, medical equipment, national defense and military industry and the like. However, the aluminum alloy has low actual hardness and poor wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the problems of breakage, failure and the like are easy to occur in the actual application working condition, so that the application scene of the aluminum alloy in various fields is greatly limited.
The micro-arc oxidation technology is a method for enhancing and activating the reaction on the anode by utilizing arc discharge so as to form a high-quality reinforced ceramic film on the surface of a workpiece made of metals such as aluminum, titanium, magnesium and the like and alloys thereof, and can effectively improve the surface properties of the metals such as aluminum, titanium, magnesium and the like and alloys thereof. However, current micro-arc oxidation approaches are directed to specific metal or alloy workpieces, such as: when the aluminum alloy barrel with large length-diameter ratio is used, a plurality of influencing factors exist, so that the application of micro-arc oxidation technology to the aluminum alloy barrel is limited, such as: the problems of poor toughness, low film-based bonding strength, poor compactness and the like of the prepared ceramic layer easily occur, so that the prepared film layer is peeled, cracked, permeated and the like under the composite working conditions of friction, vibration and the like, thereby losing the protection effect on an aluminum alloy workpiece; meanwhile, due to the special structure of the workpiece, the internal electric field shielding is easy to cause, the problem that micro-arc oxidation ceramic formation or partial ceramic layer thinness cannot be carried out in the workpiece occurs, the ceramic layer in the inner cavity of the workpiece is unevenly distributed, the integral ceramic wrapping property of the workpiece is weak, the protection effect of the ceramic layer on the workpiece is poor, the problems of breakage, failure and the like of the workpiece from inside to outside occur, and further the further application of the aluminum alloy cylinder body is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ceramic treatment method for the aluminum alloy cylinder with the large length-diameter ratio, which can effectively solve the problems of poor toughness, poor film-based bonding strength, poor compactness, incapability of micro-arc oxidation of an inner cavity, uneven distribution of the ceramic layer and the like of the ceramic layer prepared in the micro-arc oxidation process of the aluminum alloy cylinder with the large length-diameter ratio, thereby improving the application range of the aluminum alloy cylinder.
Another object of the present application is to provide a ceramic treatment device for aluminum alloy cylinder with large length-diameter ratio.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
a ceramic treatment method for a large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body comprises the following steps:
step one, preprocessing a workpiece: pretreating an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio to remove greasy dirt and impurities on the surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder;
step two, laser strengthening treatment: installing the pretreated aluminum alloy cylinder on an auxiliary tool, aligning a laser generator to the inner wall of the cylinder, and starting the laser generator to perform laser scanning reinforcement;
step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, inserting a cathode tool into an aluminum alloy cylinder; then, immersing the auxiliary tool with the aluminum alloy cylinder body after laser scanning reinforcement and the cathode tool into electrolyte together, wherein the auxiliary tool is connected with an anode; then, arranging an ultrasonic transducer below the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte; finally, starting a micro-arc oxidation power supply and an ultrasonic transducer to prepare a ceramic layer;
fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: after the preparation of the ceramic layer is finished, a micro-arc oxidation power supply is disconnected, the ultrasonic transducer is kept on, and hole sealing agent is added into the electrolytic cell to finish hole sealing of the ceramic layer.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the parameter frequency of the laser generator for the laser strengthening treatment in the second step is 120-150W, the distance between the lower end part of the laser generator and the upper end part of the aluminum alloy cylinder is 45-55 cm, the diameter of a laser spot is 2-6 mm, and the time of the laser strengthening treatment is 1-2 min.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the auxiliary tool descending depth with the aluminum alloy barrel in the third step is specifically as follows: the top end of the aluminum alloy cylinder body is positioned at a position 20-30 mm below the electrolyte liquid level.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the electrolyte in the third step comprises 18-32 g/L of sodium phosphate, 8-22 g/L of sodium tetraborate, 2-4 g/L of sodium metavanadate, 22-28 g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 12-18 g/L of potassium fluozirconate, 1-2 g/L of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the parameters of the micro-arc oxidation in the third step are as follows: positive current density of 2.5-7.5A/dm 2 Negative current density of 1.5-3.5A/dm 2 The power supply frequency is 350-750 Hz, the duty ratio is 10-30%, the micro-arc oxidation time is 40-110 min, the ultrasonic frequency is 25-55 kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 120-140W.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the hole sealing agent in the fourth step comprises 35-45 ml/L graphene oxide and 10wt% gelatin solution.
The silicon nitride whisker is added into the electrolyte to serve as a main toughening phase, so that the toughening effect of the micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer can be achieved; however, in the practical application process, the addition of the silicon nitride whisker can obviously reduce the density of the ceramic layer, so that the toughening effect of the silicon nitride whisker (namely, the silicon nitride whisker) is not obvious and not expected, and after the silicon nitride whisker is added, the ceramic layer can be partially fallen off due to the density defect, so that the uneven effect of the ceramic layer in the aluminum alloy cylinder is more obvious.
Therefore, before micro-arc oxidation, the surface inside the aluminum alloy cylinder is subjected to activation treatment through laser scanning reinforcement, so that the microstructure form of the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder is improved, and more reaction channels are formed in the subsequent ceramic process, so that the ceramic layer is more easily attached to the surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder, namely, the film-based bonding strength of the ceramic layer and the inner wall of the cylinder is increased (in the actual preparation process, the ceramic layer prepared through the micro-arc oxidation process of the step three is not subjected to laser scanning reinforcement, and the phenomenon that the ceramic layer of an inner cavity falls off in the repeated vibration process occurs); meanwhile, potassium fluorozirconate is added into the electrolyte, the ultrasonic auxiliary effect is utilized, the movement speed of the silicon nitride whisker and zirconium salt in a plasma discharge channel in the ceramic layer is increased, the particle formation and growth speed are increased, along with complex electrochemical, plasma and other chemical reactions, nano zirconia is decomposed and generated in the electrolytic process, the nano zirconia is adsorbed on the surface of the silicon nitride whisker, the interface bonding strength of the whisker and matrix crystal grains is enhanced, deflection and bridging are generated when macrocracks are expanded to pass through the crystal grains, the problem of compactness reduction caused by the introduction of the silicon nitride whisker is improved by improving the targeting, and the nano zirconia and the silicon nitride whisker cooperate to play a role in further toughening the ceramic layer. In addition, yttrium nitrate is added into the electrolyte, and is uniformly distributed in the prepared film layer through ultrasonic auxiliary diffusion, so that the compactness and hardness of the film layer are further improved; and the hole sealing agent is diffused to the surface of the ceramic layer by utilizing the diffusion of ultrasonic waves through the matching of yttrium nitrate, the follow-up graphene oxide and gelatin solution, and is further permeated to holes on the surface of the ceramic layer, so that the hole sealing agent is adhered to the holes and the surface of the ceramic layer, a series of crosslinking reactions are generated, high-molecular polymers are generated, a firm and strong-binding hole sealing layer is formed, the hole sealing layer is embedded into the surface and the holes of the ceramic layer, the problems of gaps, holes and the like of the ceramic layer after micro-arc oxidation are effectively avoided, the compactness and the binding strength of the ceramic layer are influenced, the compactness, the toughening strength, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the like of the composite ceramic layer are effectively improved, and the peeling and falling problems of the ceramic layer under the repeated impact and vibration working conditions are avoided.
The utility model provides a big draw ratio aluminum alloy barrel pottery processing apparatus, including electrolytic cell, lifting rail, laser generator, auxiliary fixtures, negative pole frock, ultrasonic transducer and micro arc oxidation power, lifting rail is vertical to be set up in the electrolytic cell and its top exposes the electrolytic cell, lifting rail top is fixed to be set up the laser generator and lifting rail is located the lower side slip of laser generator and sets up the slider, slider one side is fixed to set up auxiliary fixtures, evenly set up the base that is used for aluminum alloy barrel to fix on the auxiliary fixtures, slider terminal surface and corresponding auxiliary fixtures rotate and set up negative pole frock; the ultrasonic transducer is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, the micro-arc oxidation power supply is arranged at the outer side of the electrolytic cell, the anode of the micro-arc oxidation power supply is connected with the auxiliary tool, and the cathode is connected with the cathode tool.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the outer wall of the electrolytic cell is provided with a circulating cooling loop, and the ultrasonic converter is positioned at the lower side of the circulating cooling loop.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, an ultrasonic transmitter is arranged on the outer side of the electrolytic cell and connected with an ultrasonic transducer.
Based on the further optimization of the scheme, the cathode tool is connected with the sliding block through a vertical guide rod; the method comprises the following steps: the slider terminal surface is fixed to be set up vertical guide arm, the cathode tooling includes the slip cap, rotate the cover, locating lever and cathode rod, the slip cap coaxial cup joints at vertical guide arm outer wall and slip cap inner wall and vertical guide arm outer wall sliding connection, rotate the coaxial cup joint at slip cap outer wall and rotate the cover inner wall and be connected with slip cap outer wall rotation, rotate one side outer wall fixed setting locating lever that the cover corresponds auxiliary fixtures and locating lever bottom surface and correspond base evenly distributed cathode rod, cathode rod diameter is less than the oral area internal diameter of aluminum alloy barrel, the cathode rod's of being convenient for inserts.
Based on the further optimization of above-mentioned scheme, vertical guide arm outer wall sets up the spacing ring for slide the cover up and down and carry out hard spacing.
Based on the further optimization of above-mentioned scheme, cathode rod upper end outer wall sets up the centering piece, centering piece and the coaxial setting of cathode rod and centering piece cross section be big-end-up's toper structure, and the minimum diameter of centering piece is less than the oral area internal diameter of aluminum alloy barrel and its maximum diameter is greater than the oral area internal diameter of aluminum alloy barrel, and the centering piece adopts insulating material to make and centering piece is located the even perforation of seting up of cathode rod outer lane.
The invention has the following technical effects:
according to the method, firstly, the surface inside the aluminum alloy cylinder is subjected to activation treatment through laser scanning reinforcement, so that the microstructure form of the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder is improved, more reaction channels are formed in the subsequent ceramic process, and the ceramic layer is easier to attach to the surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder, namely, the film-based bonding strength of the ceramic layer and the inner wall of the cylinder is increased; meanwhile, the preparation of the ceramic layer with high strength, high density and high toughness is realized in the same electrolytic cell through the cooperation of the specific electrolyte combination and the hole sealing agent, and the cooperation of auxiliary tools, cathode tools, ultrasonic waves and the like is assisted, so that the uniform and compact ceramic layer is effectively realized in the aluminum alloy cylinder body and the outer cavity. The composite ceramic layer obtained by the means effectively avoids the problem that the compactness of the ceramic layer is reduced due to the introduction of silicon nitride whiskers, the problems that the growth rate of the ceramic layer is slow, the quality is poor and the like caused by electromagnetic shielding on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder in the micro-arc oxidation process, and the problems that the ceramic layer is poor in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, easy to peel and the like caused by holes generated in the micro-arc oxidation process are avoided, so that the thickness of the compact layers of the inner ceramic layer and the outer ceramic layer of the aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio is effectively improved, the toughness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the ceramic layer and the film-based bonding strength of the ceramic layer are improved, and the application range of the aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio is enlarged.
In addition, the processing device provided by the application has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in operation, high efficiency and the like, can realize multi-station simultaneous processing, and meets the production requirements of large-scale industrialization.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite ceramic layers prepared in example 2 and comparative example 1 of the present invention; fig. 3 (a) is a scanning electron microscope image of example 2, and fig. 3 (b) is a scanning electron microscope image of comparative example 1.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the composite ceramic layer prepared in comparative example 2.
Wherein, 100, aluminum alloy cylinder; 10. an electrolytic cell; 20. lifting the guide rail; 30. a laser generator; 40. an auxiliary tool; 400. a slide block; 41. a base; 50. cathode tooling; 500. a vertical guide rod; 501. a limiting ring; 51. a sliding sleeve; 52. a rotating sleeve; 53. a positioning rod; 54. a cathode rod; 540. centering blocks; 60. an ultrasonic transducer; 600. an ultrasonic emitter; 70. a micro-arc oxidation power supply; 80. and (3) circulating a cooling loop.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1:
a ceramic treatment method for an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio comprises the steps of:
step one, preprocessing a workpiece: pretreating an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio, specifically: and (3) placing the aluminum alloy cylinder body into an ethyl acetate solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, so as to remove greasy dirt and impurities on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder body (i.e. the inner and outer surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder body).
Step two, laser strengthening treatment: mounting the pretreated aluminum alloy cylinder on an auxiliary tool (specifically, on a base of the auxiliary tool), aligning a laser generator to the inner wall of the cylinder, and starting the laser generator to perform laser scanning reinforcement; the parameter frequency of the laser generator is 120W, the distance between the lower end part of the laser generator and the upper end part of the aluminum alloy cylinder is 45cm, the diameter of a laser spot is 2mm, and the time of laser strengthening treatment is 2min.
Step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, inserting a cathode tool into an aluminum alloy cylinder, wherein the cathode tool is connected with a cathode of a micro-arc oxidation power supply; then, the auxiliary tool with the aluminum alloy cylinder body after laser scanning reinforcement and the cathode tool are immersed in electrolyte together, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the top end of the aluminum alloy cylinder body is positioned at a position 20mm below the electrolyte liquid level, and the auxiliary tool is connected with the anode; then, arranging an ultrasonic transducer below the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte; finally, starting a micro-arc oxidation power supply and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: positive current density 2.5A/dm 2 Negative current density 1.5A/dm 2 The power supply frequency is 350Hz, the duty ratio is 10%, the micro-arc oxidation time is 110min, the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, the ultrasonic power is 120W, and the ceramic layer preparation is carried out; the electrolyte comprises 18g/L of sodium phosphate, 8g/L of sodium tetraborate, 2g/L of sodium metavanadate, 22g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 12g/L of potassium fluozirconate, 1g/L of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water.
Fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: after the preparation of the ceramic layer is finished, a micro-arc oxidation power supply is disconnected, an ultrasonic converter is kept on (namely, ultrasonic waves with ultrasonic frequency of 25kHz and ultrasonic power of 120W are kept), a hole sealing agent is added into an electrolytic cell, the hole sealing agent comprises 35ml/L graphene oxide and 10wt% gelatin solution, and the hole sealing time is 30 hours, so that the hole sealing of the ceramic layer is finished.
Example 2:
a ceramic treatment method for an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio comprises the steps of:
step one, preprocessing a workpiece: pretreating an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio, specifically: and (3) placing the aluminum alloy cylinder body into an ethyl acetate solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 45min, so as to remove greasy dirt and impurities on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder body (i.e. the inner and outer surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder body).
Step two, laser strengthening treatment: mounting the pretreated aluminum alloy cylinder on an auxiliary tool (specifically, on a base of the auxiliary tool), aligning a laser generator to the inner wall of the cylinder, and starting the laser generator to perform laser scanning reinforcement; the parameter frequency of the laser generator is 135W, the distance between the lower end part of the laser generator and the upper end part of the aluminum alloy cylinder is 50cm, the diameter of a laser spot is 4mm, and the time of laser strengthening treatment is 1.5min.
Step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, inserting a cathode tool into an aluminum alloy cylinder, wherein the cathode tool is connected with a cathode of a micro-arc oxidation power supply; then, the auxiliary tool with the aluminum alloy cylinder body after laser scanning reinforcement and the cathode tool are immersed in electrolyte together, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the top end of the aluminum alloy cylinder is positioned at a position 25mm below the electrolyte liquid level, and the auxiliary tool is connected with the anode; then, arranging an ultrasonic transducer below the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte; finally, starting a micro-arc oxidation power supply and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: positive current density 5A/dm 2 Negative current density 2.5A/dm 2 The power supply frequency is 550Hz, the duty ratio is 20%, the micro-arc oxidation time is 75min, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, the ultrasonic power is 130W, and the ceramic layer preparation is carried out; the electrolyte comprises 25g/L of sodium phosphate, 15g/L of sodium tetraborate, 3g/L of sodium metavanadate, 25g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 15g/L of potassium fluorozirconate, 1.5g/L of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water.
Fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: after the preparation of the ceramic layer is finished, a micro-arc oxidation power supply is disconnected, an ultrasonic converter is kept on (namely, ultrasonic waves with ultrasonic frequency of 40kHz and ultrasonic power of 130W are kept), a hole sealing agent is added into an electrolytic cell, the hole sealing agent comprises 40ml/L graphene oxide and 10wt% gelatin solution, and the hole sealing time is 20 hours, so that the hole sealing of the ceramic layer is completed.
Comparative example 1:
the ceramic treatment method for the large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body is characterized in that an aluminum alloy material is 2A12, wherein the first step, the pretreatment of a workpiece, the second step and the laser strengthening treatment, and the fourth step, the materials, parameters, treatment modes and the like in the hole sealing of a ceramic layer are consistent with those in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that: the composition of the electrolyte in step three in this comparative example includes: 25g/L of sodium phosphate, 15g/L of sodium tetraborate, 3g/L of sodium metavanadate, 25g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 15g/L of potassium fluorozirconate, 1.5g/L of lanthanum nitrate and the balance of deionized water; the remainder of the procedure in step three was identical to example 2.
Compared with example 2, the electrolyte in comparative example 1 uses lanthanum nitrate instead of yttrium nitrate, and by performing electron microscopy scanning on the composite ceramic layer prepared in example 2 and comparative example 1, the scanning structure is shown in fig. 3, and as can be clearly seen from fig. 3 (a): the composite ceramic layer prepared by adopting the embodiment 2 is flat, compact and has no obvious hole gap; fig. 3 (b) can be clearly seen: the composite ceramic layer prepared in comparative example 1 also had a relatively flat surface, but had many minute pores on its surface. From the above verification description: the electrolyte containing yttrium nitrate is matched with the hole sealing agent consisting of graphene oxide and gelatin solution, so that the effectiveness of hole sealing can be ensured, and the compactness of a ceramic layer can be ensured.
Comparative example 2:
the ceramic treatment method for the large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body is characterized in that an aluminum alloy material is 2A12, wherein the first step, the pretreatment of a workpiece, the second step and the laser strengthening treatment, and the fourth step, the materials, parameters, treatment modes and the like in the hole sealing of a ceramic layer are consistent with those in the embodiment 2, and the difference is that: the composition of the electrolyte in step three in this comparative example includes: 25g/L of sodium phosphate, 15g/L of sodium tetraborate, 3g/L of sodium metavanadate, 25g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 1.5g/L of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water; the remainder of the procedure in step three was identical to example 2.
Compared with example 2, the electrolyte in comparative example 2 has 15g/L of potassium fluorozirconate removed, and the scanning electron microscope image of the composite ceramic layer prepared in comparative example 2 is shown in fig. 4, and it can be clearly seen from fig. 4: the ceramic layer prepared in the comparative example 2 has serious shedding and stripping conditions, and the potassium fluorozirconate can effectively promote the bonding strength between the ceramic layer and the matrix, thereby improving the toughening property of the silicon nitride whisker and improving the compactness of the ceramic layer.
Example 3:
a ceramic treatment method for an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio comprises the steps of:
step one, preprocessing a workpiece: pretreating an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio, specifically: and (3) placing the aluminum alloy cylinder body into an ethyl acetate solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 60min, so as to remove greasy dirt and impurities on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder body (i.e. the inner and outer surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder body).
Step two, laser strengthening treatment: mounting the pretreated aluminum alloy cylinder on an auxiliary tool (specifically, on a base of the auxiliary tool), aligning a laser generator to the inner wall of the cylinder, and starting the laser generator to perform laser scanning reinforcement; the parameter frequency of the laser generator is 150W, the distance between the lower end part of the laser generator and the upper end part of the aluminum alloy cylinder is 55cm, the diameter of a laser spot is 6mm, and the time of laser strengthening treatment is 1min.
Step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, inserting a cathode tool into an aluminum alloy cylinder, wherein the cathode tool is connected with a cathode of a micro-arc oxidation power supply; then, the auxiliary tool with the aluminum alloy cylinder body after laser scanning reinforcement and the cathode tool are immersed in electrolyte together, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the top end of the aluminum alloy cylinder is positioned at a position 30mm below the electrolyte liquid level, and the auxiliary tool is connected with the anode; then, arranging an ultrasonic transducer below the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte; finally, starting a micro-arc oxidation power supply and an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: positive current density 7.5A/dm 2 Negative current density 3.5A/dm 2 The power supply frequency is 750Hz, the duty ratio is 30%, the micro-arc oxidation time is 40min, the ultrasonic frequency is 55kHz, the ultrasonic power is 140W, and the ceramic layer preparation is carried out; the electrolyte comprises 32g/L of sodium phosphate, 22g/L of sodium tetraborate, 4g/L of sodium metavanadate, 28g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 18g/L of potassium fluozirconate, 2g/L of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water.
Fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: after the preparation of the ceramic layer is finished, a micro-arc oxidation power supply is disconnected, an ultrasonic converter is kept on (namely, ultrasonic waves with ultrasonic frequency of 55kHz and ultrasonic power of 140W are kept), a hole sealing agent is added into an electrolytic cell, the hole sealing agent comprises 45ml/L graphene oxide and 10wt% gelatin solution, and the hole sealing time is 10 hours, so that the hole sealing of the ceramic layer is completed.
The composite ceramic layer prepared in example 3 has flat surface, good toughness and high film-based bonding strength, the average thickness of the ceramic layer at the position of the inner layer, which is 15mm away from the cylinder mouth, is 26.1 μm, the average thickness of the ceramic layer at the position of the inner layer, which is 55mm away from the cylinder mouth, is 25.4 μm, the average thickness of the ceramic layer at the position of the inner layer, which is 80mm away from the cylinder mouth, is 23.8 μm, and the overall uniformity of the ceramic layer is high. Meanwhile, the ceramic layer of the composite ceramic layer prepared by the method still keeps complete and has no cracking under the condition of bending the ceramic layer with the diameter of 4mm, and the toughening effect is obvious.
Example 4:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, it is shown that: the utility model provides a big draw ratio aluminum alloy barrel pottery processing apparatus, including electrolytic cell 10, lifting rail 20, laser generator 30, auxiliary fixtures 40, cathode tooling 50, ultrasonic transducer 60 and micro arc oxidation power 70, lifting rail 20 is vertical to be set up in electrolytic cell 10 and its top exposes electrolytic cell 10 (refer to the right side that the lifting rail 20 set up in electrolytic cell 10 shown in FIG. 1), lifting rail 20 top is fixed to set up laser generator 30 and lifting rail 20 is located the lower side sliding of laser generator 30 and is set up slider 400 (slider 400 adopts insulating material to make, in order to avoid switching on each other between auxiliary fixtures 40 and cathode tooling 50, cause the short circuit), slider 400 one side is fixed to set up auxiliary fixtures 40, the fixed base 41 (the quantity of base 41 is confirmed according to the aluminum alloy barrel 100 quantity that actual single batch needs to handle is set up on auxiliary fixtures 40, take part in FIG. 2, set up four in this embodiment), slider 400 terminal surface and corresponding auxiliary fixtures 40 rotate and set up cathode tooling 50; the cathode tooling 50 is connected with the sliding block 400 through a vertical guide rod 500; the method comprises the following steps: the end face of the sliding block 400 is fixedly provided with a vertical guide rod 500 (refer to fig. 1, meanwhile, the vertical guide rod 500 can also be made of insulating materials), the cathode tool 50 comprises a sliding sleeve 51, a rotating sleeve 52, positioning rods 53 and cathode rods 54, the sliding sleeve 51 is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the vertical guide rod 500, the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 51 is slidably connected with the outer wall of the vertical guide rod 500, the rotating sleeve 52 is coaxially sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 51, the inner wall of the rotating sleeve 52 is rotatably connected with the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 51 through a ball bearing, the positioning rods 53 are fixedly arranged on the outer wall of one side of the rotating sleeve 52 corresponding to the auxiliary tool 40, the bottom surfaces of the positioning rods 53 are uniformly distributed with cathode rods 54 (in this embodiment, the number of the cathode rods 54 is four), and the diameter of the cathode rods 54 is smaller than the inner diameter of the mouth of the aluminum alloy barrel 100, so that the cathode rods 54 can be conveniently inserted. The outer wall of the vertical guide 500 is provided with a limiting ring 501 (see fig. 1 and 2) for hard limiting the up and down sliding of the sliding sleeve 51. The outer wall of the upper end of the cathode rod 54 (i.e. the outer wall positioned at the lower side of the positioning rod 53) is provided with a centering block 540, the centering block 540 and the cathode rod 54 are coaxially arranged, the cross section of the centering block 540 is of a conical structure with a large upper part and a small lower part (referring to fig. 2, the cross section of the centering block 540 is specifically of an equilateral trapezoid structure with a large upper part and a small lower part), the minimum diameter of the centering block 540 is smaller than the inner diameter of the opening of the aluminum alloy cylinder 100, the maximum diameter 540 of the centering block 540 is larger than the inner diameter of the opening of the aluminum alloy cylinder 100, the centering block 540 is made of an insulating material, and through holes (facilitating the flow of electrolyte) are uniformly formed in the outer ring of the centering block 540 positioned on the cathode rod 54.
The ultrasonic transducer 60 is disposed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell 10 (refer to fig. 1), the micro-arc oxidation power source 70 is disposed outside the electrolytic cell 10, the anode of the micro-arc oxidation power source 70 is connected with the auxiliary tool 40, and the cathode is connected with the cathode tool 50.
The outer wall of the electrolytic cell 10 is provided with a circulating cooling loop 80, and the ultrasonic transducer 60 is positioned at the lower side of the circulating cooling loop 80; the method comprises the following steps: the outer wall of the electrolytic cell 10 is provided with a cooling cavity, one end of the cooling cavity is provided with a water inlet, and the other end of the cooling cavity is provided with a water outlet, so that the temperature control of the electrolytic cell 10 in the micro-arc oxidation process is realized. In addition, the cooling cavity can be internally provided with a spiral wound condensing pipe or uniformly distributed cooling pipes, and the cooling cavity is arranged according to actual conditions.
An ultrasonic emitter 600 is provided outside the electrolytic cell 10 and the ultrasonic emitter 600 is connected to an ultrasonic transducer 60 (see fig. 1).
The step of carrying out micro-arc oxidation of the ceramic layer by adopting the processing device comprises the following steps:
step one, preprocessing a workpiece: the aluminum alloy cylinder 100 with large length-diameter ratio is preprocessed in batches, specifically: the aluminum alloy cylinder 100 is put into ethyl acetate solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 to 60 minutes (preferably 45 minutes) in batches, so that oil stains and impurities on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy cylinder (namely the inner surface and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder 100) are removed.
Step two, laser strengthening treatment: initially, the auxiliary tool 40 is located at the upper side of the electrolytic cell 10, the pretreated aluminum alloy cylinder 100 is installed on the auxiliary tool 40 (specifically, the aluminum alloy cylinder 100 is stably positioned through the base 41 on the auxiliary tool 40, so that one base 41 corresponds to one aluminum alloy cylinder 100 and the base 41 is in alignment with the central axis of the aluminum alloy cylinder), the laser generator 30 is aligned to the inner wall of the cylinder (see fig. 1, one transmitting terminal of the laser generator 30 corresponds to one aluminum alloy cylinder 100 or the base 41, namely, the central axis of the transmitting terminal is in alignment with the central axis of the base 41), and the laser generator 30 is started for laser scanning reinforcement; the parameter frequency of the laser generator 30 is 120-150W (preferably 135W), the distance between the lower end of the laser generator 30 and the upper end of the aluminum alloy cylinder 100 is 45-55 cm (preferably 50 cm), the laser spot diameter is 2-6 mm (preferably 4 mm), and the laser strengthening treatment time is 1-2 min (preferably 1.5 min).
Step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, the cathode tooling 50 is inserted into the aluminum alloy barrel 100, specifically: initially, a certain angle (preferably 90 degrees) is formed between the cathode tooling 50 and the auxiliary tooling 40, when the micro-arc oxidation power supply is used, firstly, the positioning rod 53 is pulled to enable the sliding sleeve 51 to slide upwards on the outer wall of the vertical guide rod 500, so that the bottom end plane of the cathode rod 54 exceeds the top end plane of the aluminum alloy barrel 100, then the positioning rod 53 is rotated, the positioning rod 53 is positioned on the upper parallel side of the auxiliary tooling 40 (namely, the cathode rod 54 is positioned on the corresponding upper side of the aluminum alloy barrel 100), then the positioning rod 53 is loosened, the positioning rod 53 moves downwards due to the action of gravity, so that the cathode rod 54 is inserted into the inner cavity of the corresponding aluminum alloy barrel 100, and in the inserting process, the positioning and limiting are carried out through the centering block 540, and the cathode tooling 50 is connected with the negative electrode of the micro-arc oxidation power supply 70 (specifically, the positioning rod 53 is connected with the negative electrode); then, the auxiliary tool 40 with the aluminum alloy barrel 100 after laser scanning reinforcement and the cathode tool 50 are immersed in the electrolyte together (namely, the slider 400 is moved downwards through the lifting guide rail 20, and then the auxiliary tool 40 and the cathode tool 50 are driven to move downwards together and immersed in the electrolyte), specifically: the top end of the aluminum alloy cylinder 100 is positioned at a position 20-30 mm (preferably 25 mm) below the electrolyte liquid level, and the auxiliary tool 40 is connected with an anode (micro-arc oxidation power supply 70); thereafter, an ultrasonic transducer 60 is disposed below the electrolytic cell 10 with the electrolytic solution; finally, the micro-arc oxidation power supply 70 and the ultrasonic transducer 60 are turned on, and specific parameters are as follows: positive current density of 2.5-7.5A/dm 2 (preferably 5A/dm) 2 ) Negative current density of 1.5-3.5A/dm 2 (preferably 2.5A/dm) 2 )，The power supply frequency is 350-750 Hz (preferably 550 Hz), the duty ratio is 10-30% (preferably 20%), the micro-arc oxidation time is 40-110 min (preferably 75 min), the ultrasonic frequency is 25-55 kHz (preferably 40 kHz), the ultrasonic power is 120-140W (preferably 130W), and the ceramic layer preparation is carried out; wherein the composition of the electrolyte comprises 18-32 g/L (preferably 25 g/L) of sodium phosphate, 8-22 g/L (preferably 15 g/L) of sodium tetraborate, 2-4 g/L (preferably 3 g/L) of sodium metavanadate, 22-28 g/L (preferably 25 g/L) of silicon nitride whisker, 12-18 g/L (preferably 15 g/L) of potassium fluorozirconate, 1-2 g/L (preferably 1.5 g/L) of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water.
Fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: after the ceramic layer is prepared, the micro-arc oxidation power supply 70 is disconnected, the ultrasonic converter 60 is kept on (namely, ultrasonic waves with ultrasonic frequency of 25-55 kHz, preferably 40kHz and ultrasonic power of 120-140W, preferably 130W are kept), a hole sealing agent is added into the electrolytic cell, the hole sealing agent comprises 35-45 ml/L (preferably 40 ml/L) of graphene oxide and 10wt% of gelatin solution, and the hole sealing time is 10-30 h (preferably 20 h), so that the hole sealing of the ceramic layer is completed.
Claims (6)
1. A ceramic treatment method for an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising the following steps:
step one, preprocessing a workpiece: pretreating an aluminum alloy cylinder with a large length-diameter ratio to remove greasy dirt and impurities on the surface of the aluminum alloy cylinder;
step two, laser strengthening treatment: installing the pretreated aluminum alloy cylinder on an auxiliary tool, aligning a laser generator to the inner wall of the cylinder, and starting the laser generator to perform laser scanning reinforcement;
step three, preparing a ceramic layer: firstly, inserting a cathode tool into an aluminum alloy cylinder; then, immersing the auxiliary tool with the aluminum alloy cylinder body after laser scanning reinforcement and the cathode tool into electrolyte together, wherein the auxiliary tool is connected with an anode; then, arranging an ultrasonic transducer below the electrolytic cell with the electrolyte; finally, starting a micro-arc oxidation power supply and an ultrasonic transducer to prepare a ceramic layer;
fourth, sealing holes in the ceramic layer: after the preparation of the ceramic layer is finished, a micro-arc oxidation power supply is disconnected, the ultrasonic transducer is kept on, and hole sealing agent is added into the electrolytic cell to finish hole sealing of the ceramic layer.
2. The method for ceramic treatment of the large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the parameter frequency of the laser generator for the laser strengthening treatment in the second step is 120-150W, the distance between the lower end part of the laser generator and the upper end part of the aluminum alloy cylinder is 45-55 cm, the diameter of a laser spot is 2-6 mm, and the time of the laser strengthening treatment is 1-2 min.
3. The method for ceramic treatment of the large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the descending depth of the auxiliary tool with the aluminum alloy cylinder body in the third step is specifically as follows: the top end of the aluminum alloy cylinder body is positioned at a position 20-30 mm below the electrolyte liquid level.
4. A method for ceramic treatment of a large aspect ratio aluminum alloy cylinder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: the electrolyte in the third step comprises 18-32 g/L of sodium phosphate, 8-22 g/L of sodium tetraborate, 2-4 g/L of sodium metavanadate, 22-28 g/L of silicon nitride whisker, 12-18 g/L of potassium fluorozirconate, 1-2 g/L of yttrium nitrate and the balance of deionized water.
5. The method for ceramic treatment of the large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body, which is characterized in that: the parameters of the micro-arc oxidation in the third step are as follows: positive current density of 2.5-7.5A/dm 2 Negative current density of 1.5-3.5A/dm 2 The power supply frequency is 350-750 Hz, the duty ratio is 10-30%, the micro-arc oxidation time is 40-110 min, the ultrasonic frequency is 25-55 kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 120-140W.
6. The method for ceramic treatment of the large-length-diameter-ratio aluminum alloy cylinder body, which is characterized in that: and in the fourth step, the hole sealing agent comprises 35-45 ml/L graphene oxide and 10wt% gelatin solution.
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