CN117794970A - 抗微生物基于铜的聚氨酯 - Google Patents
抗微生物基于铜的聚氨酯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117794970A CN117794970A CN202280053232.6A CN202280053232A CN117794970A CN 117794970 A CN117794970 A CN 117794970A CN 202280053232 A CN202280053232 A CN 202280053232A CN 117794970 A CN117794970 A CN 117794970A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper oxide
- polyurethane
- antimicrobial
- oxide particles
- hydrophobic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 21
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 32
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- -1 ethylene oxide polyol Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001225321 Aspergillus fumigatus Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000223678 Aureobasidium pullulans Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588747 Klebsiella pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000223254 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Species 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940091771 aspergillus fumigatus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010068385 carbapenemase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical class [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;diiodide Chemical compound I[Cu]I GBRBMTNGQBKBQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010041925 Staphylococcal infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920013701 VORANOL™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002141 anti-parasite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007398 colorimetric assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000015688 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003158 microbiostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
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- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
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- C08G18/7614—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring
- C08G18/7621—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing only one aromatic ring being toluene diisocyanate including isomer mixtures
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
抗微生物聚氨酯和产生抗微生物聚氨酯的方法可以包括将多种疏水性抗微生物金属化合物颗粒混合到反应混合物中。所述反应混合物可以包括多元醇和异氰酸酯。所述方法可以包括将所述多元醇与多种疏水性铜氧化物颗粒混合以产生多元醇浆料,并且随后将所述多元醇浆料与异氰酸酯混合以形成聚氨酯泡沫。可以利用其它聚氨酯制品和方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及泡沫塑料材料,并且更具体地涉及具有抗微生物特性的发泡聚氨酯。本发明描述了用均匀分布的和一致的氧化亚铜制备高效抗微生物泡沫产品的方法和组合物。
背景技术
聚氨酯无处不在,并且可以在液体涂层和油漆、其它坚韧的弹性体(如滚轴叶片轮、刚性隔热材料和软柔性泡沫)中找到。
柔性聚氨酯泡沫用作各种消费和商业产品的缓冲垫,包含床上用品、家具、汽车内饰、地毯衬垫和包装。柔性泡沫可以制成几乎任何形状和硬度。其轻便,耐用,支撑力强且令人舒适。
这些柔性泡沫基材,尤其是如床垫、床垫顶部、枕头等床上用品是微生物生长和繁殖的良好基材。在医疗保健环境和消费环境中都是如此。
兰格(Lange)等人(2014)发现,38%的医院枕头上有MRSA和大肠杆菌群(coliform)定植,并且得出结论,一次性枕头可以为医院床位使用提供更卫生的选择。希克(Shik)等人(2014)切开了烧伤病房中的名义上防流体(缝合接缝)的枕头,并且发现许多枕头明显被体液污染。莫塔(Mottar)等人(2006)观察到烧伤中心中的枕头的重量具有明显差异。检查显示,体液通过接缝泄漏到枕头的内部,并且从枕头的内部分离出多种病原体,所述病原体与患者感染密切相关,从而表明了此些感染的可能来源。利普曼(Lippmann)等人(2014)寻找了感染贮库,以解释肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶(Klebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase,KPC)在德国的大规模爆发。他们发现,定位枕头内部受到污染,并且持续了至少6个月。
从这些公开中可以明显看出,将枕头和床垫包裹在防水套中的常见做法并不能防止病原体进入枕头或床垫并在其内生长。因为枕头在正常使用(或解剖结构的其它部分)期间必然会压缩和膨胀,空气必定在枕头膨胀时流入,并且在枕头压缩时流出。据估计,当枕头被压缩或膨胀时,大约两(2)升空气在几秒内进入和/或离开枕头。在简单防水枕头的情况下,空气可能会流过开口翼片,或者如果外罩是缝合的,则会流过外罩接缝的缝合孔。后一种情况尤其麻烦。高浓度的污染物可能会被引入缝合接缝内的枕头内部(杜赫斯特(Dewhurst)等人,2012)。在此,其持续存在并温育。随后,当患者将其头部放在枕头上时,受污染的空气通过小缝合孔从枕头中排出。排出的空气产生微生物气溶胶,其可以在环境空气中持续许多小时,并且不仅能够在患者或随后的患者身上,而且能够在患者环境中重新定植(卡罗格瑞斯(Kalogerakis)2005)。
用于填充的聚合物材料提供了支持生长的可用的碳和氮的来源(詹金斯(Jenkins)等人,2005)。伍德科克(Woodcock)等人(2006)还发现,47种真菌,包含烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)、出芽短梗霉菌(Aureobasidium pullulans)、胶红酵母菌(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)是枕头中的特有种。
普鲁坦(Pulutan)等人在“嵌入聚氨酯泡沫上的铜硫酸盐和铜氧化物的抗微生物活性(Antimicrobial Activity of Copper Sulfate and Copper Oxide Embedded onPolyurethane Foam)”,材料科学论坛(Materials Science Forum),第917卷,第22-26页(2018)中描述了CuSO4和CuO沉积的聚氨酯泡沫。通过将泡沫浸入CUSO4溶液并压制泡沫来制备沉积了CuSO4的聚氨酯泡沫。对聚氨酯泡沫进行压制,以确保从泡沫腔中去除空气,并且使溶液与泡沫更完全地接触,并且允许来自溶液的铜离子进入这些腔。
为了在聚氨酯泡沫上沉积CuO,在70℃的热浴中将CuO添加到氢氧化钠溶液中。氢氧化钠与铜离子反应以形成亚稳定并氧化为铜氧化物的氢氧化铜沉淀。然后将聚氨酯泡沫浸入溶液中并压制以将铜沉积在泡沫上。这种处理聚氨酯泡沫的方法很麻烦,并且需要特殊加工和处理。
在另一种方法中,斯普特尔(Sportelli)等人在“用抗微生物铜纳米颗粒改性的工业聚氨酯泡沫的研究(Investigation of Industrial Polyurethane Foams Modifiedwith Antimicrobial Copper Nanoparticles)”,材料(Materials),第9卷,544(2016)中描述了经电合成并应用于工业聚氨酯泡沫的受控浸渍的抗微生物铜纳米颗粒,所述工业聚氨酯泡沫用作纺织品生产中的填料或用作空调系统的过滤器。此方法涉及使用昂贵的纳米颗粒,并且应用的方法可能不能在整个泡沫基材中产生均匀和均一的抗微生物活性分布。
在美国专利申请第20120322903号中,卡兰迪卡(Karandikar)描述了一种使用银、锌或铜生产具有抗微生物特性的聚氨酯泡沫的方法。本发明还存在一个严重的缺点,即在基材内缺乏一致和均匀的蔗糖银和银纳米颗粒分布,导致泡沫产品的抗微生物性能有相当大的变化。此外,本发明描述了需要络合剂来形成抗微生物添加剂的稳定共混。
需要抗微生物聚氨酯泡沫。还需要用于枕头和床垫的抗微生物聚氨酯泡沫填料,尤其是对于医院中使用的枕头和床垫,以防止微生物的生长和存活。
发明内容
生产聚氨酯的方法的实施例包括将多元醇、异氰酸酯和多种疏水性抗微生物金属化合物颗粒混合以形成聚氨酯泡沫。在此些实施例中,所述方法可以包括将所述多元醇与所述多种疏水性铜氧化物颗粒混合以产生多元醇浆料,并且随后将所述多元醇浆料与异氰酸酯混合以形成聚氨酯泡沫。
抗微生物化合物颗粒可以包含但不限于铜氧化物、氧化亚铜、氧化铜、碘化铜、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化银(Ag2O)。例如,抗微生物颗粒可以是水不溶性铜化合物颗粒。所述水不溶性铜化合物颗粒可以暴露并从所述聚合物材料的表面突出,其中所述水溶性铜氧化物颗粒在与流体接触时释放Cu+离子和Cu++离子中的至少一种。铜氧化物可以是氧化铜或氧化亚铜。
疏水性铜氧化物颗粒不能与亲水性多元醇很好地混合。疏水性铜氧化物颗粒的实施例可以是表面改性的铜氧化物颗粒。表面改性可以是对铜氧化物颗粒表面的使其具有疏水性的任何改性。表面改性可以通过使铜氧化物表面部分与疏水性化合物反应来实现。例如,铜氧化物颗粒可以通过与例如饱和脂肪酸的脂肪酸反应进行表面改性。脂肪酸可以是硬脂酸。可替代地,可以将疏水性涂层或部分涂层施加到铜氧化物颗粒上。涂层应当使得铜氧化物颗粒在与流体接触时可以释放Cu+离子和Cu++离子中的至少一种以提供抗微生物活性。
多元醇可以是能够与异氰酸酯反应以形成聚合物的任何多元醇。如本文所使用,“多元醇”是具有至少两个羟基的化合物,包含但不限于双官能多元醇或二醇以及包括多于两个羟基的化合物(如但不限于三醇)。在实施例中,示例性多元醇可以具有约2个至约5个羟基。在一些实施例中,多元醇可以是双官能多元醇。另外,多元醇可以包括经氨基封端的基团。
在实施例中,多元醇可以是氧化烯烃多元醇、环氧乙烷多元醇、环氧丙烷多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇、烃多元醇、聚硅氧烷多元醇、这些聚合物的共聚物多元醇、其组合等。
在实施例中,异氰酸酯可以是以下各项中的至少一种:亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯以及其组合。
另一个实施例是抗微生物聚氨酯制品。抗微生物聚氨酯制品可以是泡沫、纤维、涂层、弹性体或其它制品。抗微生物聚氨酯制品的实施例包括聚氨酯和多种抗微生物颗粒,其中所述抗微生物颗粒的至少一部分被改性为疏水性。
抗微生物聚氨酯制品的实施例可以是衍生自多元醇和异氰酸酯反应的单体。异氰酸酯可以选自包含但不限于以下的群组:亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯以及其组合。
聚氨酯制品的实施例可以包含泡沫、床垫、枕头、地毯衬垫、隔热材料、座垫、车辆座椅、伤口敷料、厨房海绵、海绵、包装、包含鞋垫的鞋类、层压物、包含但不限于斯潘德克斯纤维(spandex fiber)的纤维和其它制品。所述方法可以用于生产所述制品。此外,聚氨酯制品可以是密度大于3.0磅/平方英尺的聚氨酯泡沫。
除非另外定义,否则本文所使用的所有术语(包含技术和科技术语)具有本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的相同含义。应进一步理解的是,如常用词典中所定义的术语应被解释为具有与其在相关领域的背景下和本公开中的含义一致的含义,并且除非本文中明确地如此定义,否则将不会在理想化的或过度正式的意义上进行解释。
在描述本发明时,应理解的是,公开了许多技术和步骤。这些技术和步骤中的每个技术和步骤具有单独的益处,并且各自可以与一个或多个技术和步骤结合使用,或在一些情况下,可以使用全部其它公开的技术。因此,为了清楚起见,本说明书将避免以不必要的方式重复单独步骤的每一种可能的组合。然而,应阅读说明书和权利要求,应理解到这种组合完全在本发明和权利要求的范围内。
具体实施方式
生产聚氨酯的方法的实施例包括将多元醇、异氰酸酯和多种疏水性抗微生物金属化合物颗粒混合以形成聚氨酯泡沫。多种疏水性抗微生物金属化合物可以单独地、作为原材料的共混物的一部分、在母料中或作为其组合添加到其它组分中。例如,所述方法可以包括将包括多种抗微生物疏水性铜氧化物颗粒的母料与多元醇或异氰酸酯混合。可替代地,所述方法可以包括将所述多元醇与所述多种疏水性铜氧化物颗粒直接混合以产生多元醇浆料,并且随后将所述多元醇浆料与异氰酸酯混合以形成聚氨酯泡沫。
抗微生物颗粒
所述方法和聚氨酯制品可以包括任何疏水性抗微生物金属化合物颗粒。疏水性金属化合物包含但不限于抗微生物金属氧化物颗粒。金属化合物应该被处理为疏水性的,以使其在所得聚氨酯产品中保持其抗微生物特性。
发明人令人惊讶地发现,疏水性抗微生物颗粒相比于其它抗微生物颗粒提供了改进的抗微生物功效和活性。在不限制本发明的情况下,假设疏水性颗粒从泡沫网络结构的中心移动到网络的外表面。利用这种结构,聚氨酯制品(如聚氨酯泡沫)具有更大的抗微生物活性。
可以用于所述聚氨酯和所述方法中的疏水性抗微生物化合物颗粒包含但不限于铜氧化物、氧化亚铜、氧化铜、碘化铜、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化银(Ag2O)。例如,抗微生物颗粒可以是水不溶性铜化合物颗粒。所述水不溶性铜化合物颗粒可以暴露并从所述聚合物材料的表面突出,其中所述水溶性铜氧化物颗粒在与流体接触时释放Cu+离子和Cu++离子中的至少一种。铜氧化物可以是氧化铜或氧化亚铜。
疏水性铜氧化物颗粒不能与亲水性多元醇很好地混合。在实施例中,疏水性铜氧化物颗粒是表面改性的铜氧化物颗粒。表面改性可以是对铜氧化物颗粒表面的使其具有疏水性的任何改性。表面改性可以通过使铜氧化物表面部分与疏水性化合物反应来实现。例如,铜氧化物颗粒可以通过与例如饱和脂肪酸的脂肪酸反应进行表面改性。脂肪酸可以是硬脂酸。可替代地,可以将疏水性涂层或部分涂层施加到铜氧化物颗粒上。涂层应当使得铜氧化物颗粒在与流体接触时可以释放Cu+离子和Cu++离子中的至少一种以提供抗微生物活性。
如本文所使用的,“疏水性”意指涂层或其它疏水性改性引起颗粒与水之间的接触角大于90度。为了改善颗粒到聚氨酯制品的外部区的分离,接触角可以大于120度。本文所使用的硬脂酸改性的疏水性铜氧化物颗粒与水的接触角大于120度。
抗微生物金属化合物颗粒的平均粒度可以在0.5至10微米的范围内。在其它实施例中,铜氧化物颗粒可以具有平均粒度为1.0至2.0微米的颗粒。
多元醇
多元醇可以是能够与异氰酸酯反应以形成聚合物的任何多元醇。如本文所使用的,“多元醇”是具有至少两个羟基的化合物,包含但不限于双官能多元醇或二醇以及包括多于两个羟基的化合物(如但不限于三醇)。在实施例中,示例性多元醇可以具有约2个至约5个羟基。在一些实施例中,多元醇可以是双官能多元醇。另外,多元醇可以包括氨基封端的基团。
在实施例中,多元醇可以是氧化烯烃多元醇、环氧乙烷多元醇、环氧丙烷多元醇、聚醚多元醇(如但不限于聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚四亚甲基二醇)、聚酯多元醇(如但不限于支化聚酯多元醇)、聚碳酸酯多元醇、烃多元醇、聚硅氧烷多元醇、这些聚合物的共聚物多元醇、由环醚形成的多元醇、其组合等。
异氰酸酯
在实施例中,异氰酸酯可以是以下各项中的至少一种:亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯以及其组合。
另一个实施例是抗微生物聚氨酯制品。抗微生物聚氨酯制品可以是泡沫、纤维、涂层、弹性体或其它制品。抗微生物聚氨酯制品的实施例包括聚氨酯和多种抗微生物颗粒,其中所述抗微生物颗粒的至少一部分被改性为疏水性。
抗微生物聚氨酯制品的实施例可以是衍生自多元醇和异氰酸酯反应的单体。异氰酸酯可以选自包含但不限于以下的群组:亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯以及其组合。
聚氨酯制品可以是密度大于3.0磅/平方英尺的聚氨酯泡沫。
泡沫样品的抗微生物功效
术语“抗微生物”应理解为涵盖抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒和/或抗寄生虫活性、对原生动物、酵母和/或霉菌的活性。例如,抗微生物可以是例如杀微生物的或抑制微生物的。
在实例中,疏水性抗微生物颗粒可以是水不溶性铜化合物颗粒。水不溶性铜氧化物颗粒在与流体接触时释放Cu+离子和Cu++离子中的至少一种。所述水不溶性铜化合物颗粒可以暴露并从所述聚氨酯的表面突出,其中所述水溶性铜氧化物颗粒在与流体接触时释放Cu+离子和Cu++离子中的至少一种。
疏水性铜氧化物的制备
通过用硬脂酸进行表面处理来制备铜氧化物颗粒。为了制备经硬脂酸涂覆的铜颗粒,将17g硬脂酸添加到1-L烧杯中,并且然后添加400mL乙醇和200mL蒸馏水。将混合物加热到70℃并不断搅拌,直到硬脂酸完全溶解。接下来,将100g铜氧化物颗粒添加到硬脂酸溶液中,在70℃下不断搅拌5小时。使混合物沉淀,并且最后过滤以得到产物。将涂覆有硬脂酸的铜氧化物在真空烘箱中于60℃下干燥6小时,然后研磨以形成粉末。
聚氨酯泡沫的生产工艺
为了制备泡沫板,将多种疏水性氧化亚铜颗粒(如上制备)添加到多元醇(Voranol1447TM,可从陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical)获得)中,并且使用高速混合器共混到基本均匀。将相容性表面活性剂和相容性聚合物增稠剂(各自的值小于5%w/w)与疏水性抗微生物剂一起添加到多元醇中。以0.1wt.%添加辛酸锡作为催化剂以控制反应的引发。
然后将此多元醇浆料添加到甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)或亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)中,并且在一次性蜡纸杯中混合。然后将反应物倒入方形蜡纸模具中。几分钟内,倒入模具中的反应物随着混合物开始发泡和固化而膨胀。将模具以及其内含物在通风罩内的极低光线下静置约30分钟。此时,固化的泡沫体摸起来是不粘的。将泡沫从模具中取出并放置在一堆一次性纸巾上,并且在微波炉中加热5-10分钟。然后将样品泡沫转移到55℃下的常规烘箱中并彻底干燥过夜。用相同的工艺制备对照泡沫样品,不同之处在于没有添加多种疏水性氧化亚铜颗粒。
使用AATCC-100测试方法对所有泡沫样品的抗微生物功效进行评估。从泡沫基材上切下厚度为0.5英寸的1英寸×1英寸样品进行测试。用细菌接种泡沫样品,并且温育一定时段(通常为24小时或2小时),称为接触时间。在所述接触时间之后,通过胃容(stomaching)从样品中回收细菌。使用连续稀释方法通过菌落形成单元对回收的细菌进行计数。
表1.24小时内的抗微生物功效
表2.2小时内的抗微生物功效
在24小时接触时间内,上述两种样品(测试2.1和测试2.2)表现出相同的功效,并且从抗微生物性能的角度来看彼此不可区分,尽管用MDI制备的样品具有较低的氧化亚铜含量。令人惊讶的是,在2小时接触时间内,发现用亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)制备的样品显著优于用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)制备的泡沫样品,尽管MDI样品具有较低的氧化亚铜含量。
活性铜
活性铜是通过测量泡沫中容易获得的铜的量来确定的,所述铜可以在不破坏泡沫的情况下提取。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中制备由二喹啉甲酸(BCA)(一种已知的铜络合剂)组成的溶液。将已知量的泡沫样品浸入BCA溶液中,持续2小时。在此时段期间,BCA与铜反应形成紫色的BCA-铜络合物。在2小时结束时,获得少量溶液,并且通过比色测定估计溶液中的铜。
表3:活性铜的百分比-MDI/TDI
从用TDI制备的泡沫样品中提取的活性铜%在12%至23%的范围内,而令人惊讶的是,用MDI制备的泡沫样品具有高得多的可提取铜,并且在46%至56%的范围内。
在另一个实例中,聚氨酯泡沫以两种不同的密度(2.2磅/立方英尺和3.5磅/立方英寸)制备,并且对活性铜进行了比较。
表4:活性铜的百分比-泡沫密度
令人惊讶的是,具有较高密度的聚氨酯泡沫样品表现出高得多的可提取或活性铜的%。
在另一个实例中,通过用硬脂酸钠处理使氧化亚铜具有疏水性。用常规氧化亚铜和经硬脂酸钠处理的疏水性氧化亚铜制备聚氨酯泡沫。对这些样品的活性铜进行了比较。
表5:活性铜-疏水性/未经处理的氧化亚铜
令人惊讶的是,含有经疏水性处理的氧化亚铜的聚氨酯泡沫样品表现出比常规氧化亚铜高得多的可提取或活性铜的%。
所描述的聚氨酯产品和产生聚氨酯产品的方法的实施例不限于本文所公开的特定实施例、组分、方法步骤和材料,因为此些组分、工艺步骤和材料可能会有所不同。此外,本文所采用的术语仅用于描述示例性实施例的目的,并且所述术语不旨在是限制性的,因为本发明的各种实施例的范围将仅由所附权利要求以及其等效物来限制。
因此,虽然参考示例性实施例描述了本发明的实施例,但本领域技术人员将理解,在如所附权利要求中定义的本发明范围内,变化和修改可能会受到影响。因此,本发明的各种实施例的范围不应局限于上文所讨论的实施例,而应仅由以下权利要求和所有等效物来定义。
Claims (17)
1.一种产生聚氨酯泡沫的方法,所述方法包括:
处理多种铜氧化物颗粒以产生多种疏水性铜氧化物颗粒;
将多元醇与所述多种疏水性铜氧化物颗粒混合以形成多元醇浆料;以及
将所述多元醇浆料与异氰酸酯混合以形成聚氨酯泡沫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述疏水性铜氧化物颗粒是表面改性的铜氧化物颗粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述铜氧化物颗粒通过与脂肪酸反应来进行表面改性。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸是硬脂酸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述脂肪酸包括疏水性尾部。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述铜氧化物颗粒通过与油酸或棕榈油反应来进行表面改性。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述铜氧化物颗粒通过与饱和脂肪酸反应来进行表面改性。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述聚氨酯泡沫的密度大于3.0磅/平方英尺。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯是亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其包括将聚合物增稠剂和表面活性剂中的至少一种与所述多元醇和铜氧化物混合。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其包括使铜氧化物表面部分与疏水性化合物反应。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述疏水性化合物是脂肪酸。
13.一种抗微生物聚氨酯制品,其包括:
聚氨酯;以及
多种铜氧化物颗粒,其中所述铜氧化物颗粒的至少一部分在其表面上具有疏水性涂层。
14.根据权利要求11所述的抗微生物聚氨酯制品,其中所述聚氨酯包括衍生自亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯中的至少一种的单体。
15.根据权利要求11所述的抗微生物聚氨酯制品,其中所述聚氨酯制品是聚氨酯泡沫,并且密度大于2.0磅/平方英尺。
16.根据权利要求11所述的抗微生物聚氨酯制品,其中所述聚氨酯制品是聚氨酯泡沫,并且密度大于3.0磅/平方英尺。
17.根据权利要求11所述的抗微生物聚氨酯制品,其中所述抗微生物聚氨酯制品是以下各项中的至少一种:床垫、枕头、地毯衬垫、隔热材料、座垫、车辆座椅、伤口敷料、厨房海绵、海绵、包装、包含鞋垫的鞋类、层压物、纤维和斯潘德克斯纤维。
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