CN117791126A

CN117791126A - Radiating element and base station antenna

Info

Publication number: CN117791126A
Application number: CN202311684484.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 于辉; 邱晓慧; 周书磊
Original assignee: CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: CICT Mobile Communication Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2023-12-07
Filing date: 2023-12-07
Publication date: 2024-03-29

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a radiating element and a base station antenna, the radiating element comprising a dielectric substrate and a metal circuit; the metal circuit comprises a radiation part, a balun part, a lightning protection part and a feed part; the radiation part is arranged on one side surface of the top plate part, which is away from the bottom plate part, and extends to the balun part through the top plate part; the balun part is arranged on the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the supporting part; the lightning protection part is arranged on one side surface of the bottom plate part facing the top plate part and penetrates through the bottom plate part to be grounded; the feed part is arranged on one side surface of the bottom plate part, which is away from the top plate part, and is connected with the balun part; wherein the thickness H of the radiation portion in the extending direction of the support portion satisfies: h < 0.05λ, the radiation surface caliber D of the radiation portion satisfies: the feed length L of the balun portion is 0.38λ < D < 0.42λ, and satisfies: 0.15 lambda < D < 0.21 lambda. The radiation unit provided by the disclosure has the advantage of low profile, and is beneficial to miniaturization of the base station antenna.

Description

Radiating element and base station antenna

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of communications devices, and in particular, to a radiating element and a base station antenna.

Background

In a mobile communication system, an antenna is an important component of the mobile communication system, and performance of the antenna directly affects overall performance of the mobile communication network. Multi-port multi-band antennas have great advantages over conventional antennas in mobile communications in terms of sector coverage, system capacity expansion, and beam pointing adjustment. With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, the mobile communication systems are more and more, and the antennas installed on the base station iron towers are more and more, so that higher requirements on the size, frequency band, performance and the like of the base station antennas are necessarily provided.

To achieve spatial diversity or MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output, multiple input multiple output) within a pair of base station antennas, base station antennas often employ dual polarized radiating elements as the basic radiating elements. However, the conventional radiating element mainly comprises a metal die-cast radiating element, and the metal die-cast radiating element has large weight and high section, which is not beneficial to realizing miniaturization of the base station antenna.

Disclosure of Invention

To solve or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a radiating element and a base station antenna.

In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a radiating element comprising a dielectric substrate and a metal circuit;

the medium substrate comprises a top plate part, a supporting part and a bottom plate part, wherein the supporting part is used for supporting and connecting the top plate part and the bottom plate part;

the metal circuit comprises a radiation part, a balun part, a lightning protection part and a feed part; the radiation part is arranged on one side surface of the top plate part, which is away from the bottom plate part, and penetrates through the top plate part to extend to the balun part; the balun portion is provided on an inner side surface or an outer side surface of the supporting portion; the lightning protection part is arranged on one side surface of the bottom plate part facing the top plate part and is grounded through the bottom plate part; the feed part is arranged on one side surface of the bottom plate part, which is away from the top plate part, and is connected with the balun part;

Wherein a thickness H of the radiation portion in an extending direction of the support portion satisfies: h < 0.05λ, the radiation surface caliber D of the radiation portion satisfies: 0.38λ < D < 0.42λ, the feed length L of the balun portion satisfying: d is more than 0.15 lambda and less than 0.21 lambda; wherein λ represents the operating wavelength of the radiating element.

In some embodiments, the support portion includes a first support plate, a second support plate, a third support plate, and a fourth support plate that intersect in sequence; the four supporting plates are enclosed to form the supporting part;

the balun part comprises a first balun surface, a second balun surface, a third balun surface and a fourth balun surface; the first balun face is positioned on the enclosing inner surface of the first supporting plate, the second balun face is positioned on the enclosing inner surface of the second supporting plate, the third balun face is positioned on the enclosing inner surface of the third supporting plate, and the fourth balun face is positioned on the enclosing inner surface of the fourth supporting plate;

the surrounding outer surfaces of the four supporting plates are covered with grounding surfaces, and the grounding surfaces are connected with the lightning protection part.

In some embodiments, four of the support plates are vertically crossed and vertically connected to the top plate portion and the bottom plate portion, respectively;

An opening is formed in the intersection position of the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate, an opening is formed in the intersection position of the second supporting plate and the third supporting plate, an opening is formed in the intersection position of the third supporting plate and the fourth supporting plate, and an opening is formed in the intersection position of the fourth supporting plate and the first supporting plate; the four supporting plates are intersected and surrounded through the openings to form the supporting part.

In some embodiments, the connection part of the first support plate and the second support plate is provided with a through hole, the connection part of the second support plate and the third support plate is provided with a through hole, the connection part of the third support plate and the fourth support plate is provided with a through hole, the connection part of the fourth support plate and the first support plate is provided with a through hole, and the through holes are respectively positioned on the same side of the balun surface;

the through holes are positioned at the same position with one of the openings, and are used for realizing connection between the ground planes of the enclosing outer surfaces of the supporting plates.

In some embodiments, the radiating portion includes a first radiating surface, a second radiating surface, a third radiating surface, and a fourth radiating surface;

The first radiating surface is connected with the first balun surface, the second radiating surface is connected with the second balun surface, the third radiating surface is connected with the third balun surface, and the fourth radiating surface is connected with the fourth balun surface;

the first radiation surface and the third radiation surface have the same band-line structure, and the second radiation surface and the fourth radiation surface have the same band-line structure; the first balun face and the second balun face have the same structure, and the third balun face and the fourth balun face have the same structure; the first support plate and the second support plate have the same structure, and the third support plate and the fourth support plate have the same structure.

In some embodiments, the metal circuit further comprises a filtering portion and a power dividing portion;

the filtering part is arranged on one side surface of the top plate part facing the bottom plate part and is used for realizing power distribution among the dual polarization of the radiating units; the power distribution portion is provided at a side surface of the bottom plate portion toward the top plate portion;

the radiation unit is used for realizing the radiation performance of 615MHz-960MHz frequency band and has a filtering effect on 1427MHz-2690MHz frequency band so as to realize the array fusion of the 615MHz-960MHz frequency band and the 1427MHz-2690MHz frequency band.

In some embodiments, the power distribution portion includes a first power distribution portion connected to the first balun face and a second power distribution portion connected to the second balun face;

the lightning protection part comprises an upper middle part of the first distribution part and a lower middle part of the second power distribution part; the lightning protection part is grounded by quarter wavelength direct current and is used for realizing lightning protection between the radiation unit and the whole machine;

the feeding part includes an upper end of the first power distribution part and a lower end of the second power distribution part; the feed portion is divided into positive and negative dual polarization.

In some embodiments, the top plate portion is provided with a through hole at a position corresponding to each radiating surface and the balun surface, and the through holes corresponding to each radiating surface are all located on the same side of the corresponding supporting plate;

the through holes are used for realizing electroplating connection from the balun surface to the radiating surface.

In some embodiments, the top plate portion and the support plate are provided with openings at the intersections thereof, and the bottom plate portion and the support plate are provided with openings at the intersections thereof; the open hole is used for fixedly connecting the top plate part, the supporting part and the bottom plate part, and connecting the feed part, the balun part and the radiating part in a signal manner;

The part of the radiation part, which is intersected with the balun part, is provided with a through hole, and the tail end of the lightning protection part is provided with a through hole; the through holes are used for realizing coplanar grounding of the vibrators and ensuring transmission shielding and grounding lightning protection of signals.

In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate is an integrally formed structure, and the support portion and/or the bottom plate portion is selected from a hollowed-out portion of the top plate portion.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure also provides a base station antenna comprising any one of the radiating elements provided in the first aspect.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:

the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure comprises a dielectric substrate and a metal circuit; the medium substrate comprises a top plate part, a supporting part and a bottom plate part, wherein the supporting part is used for supporting and connecting the top plate part and the bottom plate part; the metal circuit comprises a radiation part, a balun part, a lightning protection part and a feed part; the radiation part is arranged on one side surface of the top plate part, which is away from the bottom plate part, and extends to the balun part through the top plate part; the balun part is arranged on the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the supporting part; the lightning protection part is arranged on one side surface of the bottom plate part facing the top plate part and penetrates through the bottom plate part to be grounded; the feed part is arranged on one side surface of the bottom plate part, which is away from the top plate part, and is connected with the balun part; wherein the thickness H of the radiation portion in the extending direction of the support portion satisfies: h < 0.05λ, the radiation surface caliber D of the radiation portion satisfies: the feed length L of the balun portion is 0.38λ < D < 0.42λ, and satisfies: d is more than 0.15 lambda and less than 0.21 lambda; where λ represents the operating wavelength of the radiating element. In the existing radiating unit, the deterioration of the impedance characteristic is brought after the height of the radiating surface is reduced, but the embodiment of the disclosure limits the size of the radiating part, so that the thickness of the radiating part along the extending direction of the supporting part is smaller than 0.05λ, the section height of the radiating unit is reduced, then the feeding length of the balun part is adjusted, the impedance characteristic is optimized through impedance matching, and the problem of deterioration of the impedance characteristic is avoided. By optimizing the impedance characteristics by impedance matching, it can be determined that the feed length of the balun portion should be reduced, and thus the cross section of the radiating element can be further reduced. The radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the advantage of low profile, and is beneficial to miniaturization of the base station antenna.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or the solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of gain variation of a conventional radiation unit and a radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure at a frequency point of 800 MHz;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of gain variation of a conventional radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure and a radiation unit provided in the embodiment at a frequency point of 960 MHz;

fig. 4 is a schematic left view of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 5 is a schematic right-hand view of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is an overall exploded schematic view of a radiating element provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of an upper surface of a top plate portion of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fusion array formed by a radiation unit and a high-frequency oscillator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fusion array formed by a conventional radiating element and a high-frequency oscillator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the height comparison of a radiation unit, a conventional radiation unit and a high-frequency oscillator according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of test data of a fusion array corresponding to the structures of FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of test data of a fusion array corresponding to the structure of FIGS. 9 and 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 14 is a schematic bottom view of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of splicing a radiation surface of a radiation unit and a balun according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Wherein, 1, a medium substrate; 2. a metal circuit; 11. a top plate portion; 12. a support portion; 13. a bottom plate portion; 21. a radiation portion; 22. a filtering section; 23. a balun portion; 24. a power distribution section; 25. a lightning protection portion; 26. a feeding section; 121. a first support plate; 122. a second support plate; 123. a third support plate; 124. a fourth support plate; 231. a first balun face; 232. a second balun surface; 233. a third balun surface; 234. a fourth balun surface; 211. a first radiation surface; 212. a second radiation surface; 213. a third radiation surface; 214. a fourth radiation surface; 141. a first connection pin; 142. and a second connecting pin.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, a further description of aspects of the present disclosure will be provided below. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as described herein; it will be apparent that the embodiments in the specification are only some, but not all, embodiments of the disclosure.

In order to achieve spatial diversity or MIMO within a pair of base station antennas, base station antennas often employ dual polarized radiating elements as basic radiating elements. However, the conventional radiating element mainly comprises a metal die-cast radiating element, and the metal die-cast radiating element has large weight and high section, which is not beneficial to realizing miniaturization of the base station antenna. If the cross-sectional height of the conventional radiating element is reduced, the impedance characteristic is deteriorated, which affects the use of the base station antenna.

In view of the foregoing drawbacks of the prior art, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a radiating element. The radiation unit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a base station antenna, and other types of antennas, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The radiation antenna and the base station antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are exemplarily described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Illustratively, fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the disclosure, and referring to fig. 1, the radiation unit includes a dielectric substrate 1 and a metal circuit 2. The dielectric substrate 1 includes a top plate portion 11, a support portion 12, and a bottom plate portion 13, the support portion 12 supporting and connecting the top plate portion 11 and the bottom plate portion 13. The metal circuit 2 includes a radiation portion 21, a balun portion 23, a lightning protection portion 25, and a feeding portion 26. The radiation portion 21 is provided on a side surface of the top plate portion 11 facing away from the bottom plate portion 13, and extends through the top plate portion 11 to the balun portion 23; the balun portion 23 is provided on an inner side surface or an outer side surface of the supporting portion 12; the lightning protection portion 25 is provided at a side surface of the bottom plate portion 13 facing the top plate portion 11, and is grounded through the bottom plate portion 13; the feeding portion 26 is provided at a side surface of the bottom plate portion 13 facing away from the top plate portion 11, and is connected to the balun portion 23. Wherein the thickness H of the radiation portion 21 in the extending direction of the support portion 12 satisfies: h < 0.05λ, the radiation face diameter D of the radiation portion 21 satisfies: the feed length L of the balun portion 23 satisfies 0.38λ < D < 0.42λ: d is more than 0.15 lambda and less than 0.21 lambda; where λ represents the operating wavelength of the radiating element.

In the disclosed embodiment, the radiating element comprises a dielectric substrate 1 and a metal circuit 2. The dielectric substrate 1 includes a top plate portion 11, a support portion 12, and a bottom plate portion 13, taking the orientation shown in fig. 1 as an example, the top plate portion 11 is located above the support portion 12 in fig. 1, the bottom plate portion 13 is located below the support portion 12 in fig. 1, the support portion 12 is located intermediate the top plate portion 11 and the bottom plate portion 13, and the top plate portion 11 and the bottom plate portion 13 are supported and connected. The dielectric substrate 1 is made of insulating materials, such as FR-4 glass fiber board, ceramic substrate and the like, and can be arranged according to the requirements of a radiation unit and a base station antenna; meanwhile, the material, dielectric thickness, and dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 may be selected according to the requirements of the radiating element and the base station antenna, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the medium substrate 1 can be integrally injection molded, so that the large-scale manufacturing is facilitated; in addition, the consistency of the medium base material 1 can be improved by the integral injection molding.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal circuit 2 includes a radiation portion 21, a balun portion 23, a lightning protection portion 25, and a feeding portion 26. Wherein the radiation portion 21 is capable of effectively radiating or receiving radio waves, the radiation portion 21 is provided on a side surface of the top plate portion 11 facing away from the bottom plate portion 13, and the radiation portion 21 is formed by plating, for example, and extends through the top plate portion 11 to the balun portion 23. The balun portion 23 is located below the top plate portion 11, that is, the balun portion 23 is provided on the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the supporting portion 12, and may be formed by electroplating. The balun portion 23 is a broadband radio frequency transmission line transformer capable of converting a matching input into a differential output to realize connection between a balanced transmission line circuit and an unbalanced transmission line circuit, the balun portion 23 can make the antenna have different impedances, and the impedance characteristics can be optimized by impedance matching by adjusting the size (length) of the balun portion 23. The lightning protection portion 25 is provided at a side surface of the bottom plate portion 13 facing the top plate portion 11, and may be formed by plating, for example, and grounded through the bottom plate portion 13, and the lightning protection portion 25 may guide lightning current to the ground. And the feeding portion 26 is provided on a side surface of the bottom plate portion 13 facing away from the top plate portion 11, and may be formed by plating, for example, and connects the balun portions 23. The feeding section 26 is also electrically connected to a feeder line, transmitting electromagnetic wave signals to the balun section 23 via the feeding section 26.

In the conventional radiating element, the deterioration of the impedance characteristic is brought about after the height of the radiating surface is reduced, but the embodiment of the disclosure defines the size of the radiating portion 21, so that the thickness H of the radiating portion 21 along the extending direction of the supporting portion 12 is less than 0.05λ, the section height of the radiating element is reduced, and then the feeding length of the balun portion 23 is adjusted, and the impedance characteristic is optimized by impedance matching, so as to avoid the deterioration problem of the impedance characteristic. Specifically, by optimizing the impedance characteristics by impedance matching, it can be determined that the feed length of the balun portion 23 should be reduced, reducing the feed length L of the balun portion 23 so that the feed length L of the balun portion 23 satisfies: d is more than 0.15 lambda and less than 0.21 lambda; where lambda represents the operating wavelength of the radiating element, so that the cross section of the radiating element can be further reduced. In some alternative embodiments, the radiation surface aperture D of the radiation portion 21 is made to satisfy: the gain index can be improved and the gain of the whole antenna can be improved by 0.38λ < D < 0.42λ. Based on the above, the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has a lower section, and the whole antenna can realize the performance of low section and high gain, thereby being beneficial to miniaturization of the antenna.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of gain variation of a conventional radiating element provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure and a radiating element provided in the embodiment at a frequency point of 800MHz, specifically illustrating gain variation at different angles of the entire width at a fixed frequency (i.e., 800 MHz). Referring to fig. 2, the horizontal axis represents angle, in which the exemplary angle range is-90 deg. -270 deg., and the vertical axis represents gain of the radiating element at different angles within the web; where L11 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 800MHz, and L12 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the related art at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 800 MHz. As can be seen from fig. 2, at the frequency point of 800MHz, the gain of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is increased by 0.75dBi compared with the gain of the conventional radiation unit.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of gain variation of a conventional radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure and a radiation unit provided in the embodiment at a frequency point of 960MHz, specifically illustrating gain variation at different angles of the entire width at a fixed frequency (i.e., 960 MHz). Referring to fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents angle, in which the exemplary angle range is-90 deg. -270 deg., and the vertical axis represents gain of the radiating element at different angles within the web; wherein L21 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 960MHz, and L22 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the related art at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 960 MHz. As can be seen from fig. 3, at the frequency point of 960MHz, the gain of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is improved by 1.46dBi compared with the gain of the conventional radiation unit.

In some other embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 1, the metal circuit 2 further includes a filtering portion 22 and a power splitting portion 24, the details of which are explained in the embodiments below. It should be noted that, different portions of the metal circuit in the same film layer can be manufactured by the same manufacturing process, so that the manufacturing process is simplified.

In some embodiments, fig. 4 is a schematic left view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the disclosure, fig. 5 is a schematic right view of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the disclosure, and fig. 6 is an overall explosion schematic of a radiation unit provided by an embodiment of the disclosure. Referring to fig. 4 to 6 on the basis of fig. 1, the support portion 12 includes a first support plate 121, a second support plate 122, a third support plate 123, and a fourth support plate 124 which are sequentially crossed; four support plates enclose the support portion 12. The balun portion 23 includes a first balun face 231, a second balun face 232, a third balun face 233, and a fourth balun face 234; the first balun surface 231 is located on the enclosing inner surface of the first supporting plate 121, the second balun surface 232 is located on the enclosing inner surface of the second supporting plate 122, the third balun surface 233 is located on the enclosing inner surface of the third supporting plate 123, and the fourth balun surface 234 is located on the enclosing inner surface of the fourth supporting plate 124. The surrounding outer surfaces of the four supporting plates are covered with a grounding surface, and the grounding surface is connected with the lightning protection part.

In the embodiment of the disclosure, the balun portion 23 is disposed on the enclosing inner surfaces of the four support plates, and the enclosing outer surfaces of the four support plates are covered with the ground plane, and the ground plane is connected with the lightning protection portion. The balun parts enclosed on four sides ensure shielding performance in signal transmission, and the supporting plates enclosed on four sides form the supporting parts, so that stability of the supporting parts is realized.

In other embodiments, the balun portion may be located on the enclosed outer surface of the support plate; the surrounding inner surfaces of the supporting plates are covered with the grounding surface, and the grounding surface is connected with the lightning protection part. The arrangement may be specifically set according to the requirements of the radiating element and the base station antenna, and is not limited herein.

Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 7, the support portion further includes a first connection pin 141 and a second connection pin 142, and one ends of the first support plate 121, the second support plate 122, the third support plate 123 and the fourth support plate 124 are respectively provided with the first connection pin 141, for example, at one end connected to the top plate portion, and are connected to the top plate portion through the first connection pin 141. And the other ends of the first, second, third and fourth support plates 121, 122, 123 and 124 are respectively provided with second connection pins 142, for example, at the side to which the bottom plate portion is connected, through the second connection pins 142. The second support plate 122 and the third support plate 123 are only exemplarily shown in fig. 7, and the first support plate 121 and the fourth support plate 124 are shielded.

The four balun faces extend to the surfaces of the corresponding first connecting pins 141 and the surfaces of the second connecting pins 142 of the balun faces extending to the bottoms of the corresponding supporting plates, the four first connecting pins 141 and the top plate portion jointly form a top plate welding portion of the medium substrate, and the four second connecting pins 142 and the bottom plate portion jointly form a bottom plate welding portion of the medium substrate.

In some embodiments, based on fig. 1, in combination with fig. 4-7, four support plates are vertically crossed and vertically connected to the top plate portion 11 and the bottom plate portion 13, respectively.

An opening 132 is formed at the intersection of the first support plate 121 and the second support plate 122, an opening 132 is formed at the intersection of the second support plate 122 and the third support plate 123, an opening 132 is formed at the intersection of the third support plate 123 and the fourth support plate 124, and an opening 132 is formed at the intersection of the fourth support plate 124 and the first support plate 121; the four support plates are intersected by the aperture 132 to form the support portion 12.

The four support plates are provided with a plurality of openings 132, for example, 4 openings are formed, the openings 132 are positioned on the same side of the first support plate 121, the second support plate 122, the third support plate 123 and the fourth support plate 124, and when the first support plate 121 and the second support plate 122 are connected, one side of the first support plate 121, on which the openings 132 are formed, is intersected with one side of the second support plate 122, on which the openings 132 are not formed; when the second support plate 122 is connected with the third support plate 123, the side of the second support plate 122 where the opening 132 is arranged is intersected with the side of the third support plate 123 where the opening 132 is not arranged; when the third support plate 123 and the fourth support plate 124 are connected, the side of the third support plate 123 where the opening 132 is provided intersects with the side of the fourth support plate 124 where the opening 132 is not provided; when the fourth support plate 124 is coupled to the first support plate 121, a side of the fourth support plate 124 where the opening 132 is provided intersects a side of the first support plate 121 where the opening 132 is not provided to obtain the vertically intersecting support portion 12. The four support plates are mutually perpendicular and surrounded to form a support part 12, the support part 12 is respectively and vertically connected with the top plate part 11 and the bottom plate part 13, the inner layer of the support plate is provided with a balun surface, and the outer layer of the support plate is grounded, so that the shielding property of signal transmission is effectively ensured. The four sides of the supporting plate are vertically enclosed and all provided with a plurality of openings, so that each supporting plate is connected layer by layer, and the stability of the vibrator support is greatly ensured.

In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 4-7, the connection portion of the first support plate 121 and the second support plate 122 is provided with a through hole 112, the connection portion of the second support plate 122 and the third support plate 123 is provided with a through hole 112, the connection portion of the third support plate 123 and the fourth support plate 124 is provided with a through hole 112, the connection portion of the fourth support plate 124 and the first support plate 121 is provided with a through hole 112, and the through holes 112 are respectively located on the same side of the balun face. The through hole 112 is located at the same position as one of the openings 132, and the through hole 112 is used for realizing connection between the ground planes of the enclosing outer surfaces of the support plates.

Illustratively, through holes 112 are further formed at the connecting positions of the four support plates, the through holes 112 are respectively located on the same side of the balun surface, and after the four support plates are connected, the grounding surfaces of the enclosing outer surfaces of the support plates can be connected through the through holes 112, so that the grounding effect is ensured, and the shielding performance in signal transmission is ensured. And one of the through holes and the open holes is positioned at the same position, so that the number of the open holes can be reduced, and the process flow is reduced.

In some embodiments, fig. 8 is a schematic top surface view of a top plate portion of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the disclosure, and, based on fig. 1, in combination with fig. 4 to fig. 8, the radiation portion 21 includes a first radiation surface 211, a second radiation surface 212, a third radiation surface 213, and a fourth radiation surface 214. The first radiating surface 211 is connected to the first balun surface 231, the second radiating surface 212 is connected to the second balun surface 232, the third radiating surface 213 is connected to the third balun surface 233, and the fourth radiating surface 214 is connected to the fourth balun surface 234.

Wherein, the strip line structures of the first radiation surface 211 and the third radiation surface 213 are the same, and the strip line structures of the second radiation surface 212 and the fourth radiation surface 214 are the same; the first balun face 231 has the same structure as the second balun face 232, and the third balun face 233 has the same structure as the fourth balun face 234; the first support plate 121 has the same structure as the second support plate 122, and the third support plate 123 has the same structure as the fourth support plate 124.

Illustratively, taking the orientation shown in fig. 1 as an example, the radiating portion 21 includes four radiating surfaces that are located on the upper surface of the roof structure 11. The radiating surface is connected with the balun surface so that the signal is transmitted to the radiating surface after being adjusted and converted by the balun surface. The first radiating surface 211 is connected to the first balun surface 231, the second radiating surface 212 is connected to the second balun surface 232, the third radiating surface 213 is connected to the third balun surface 233, and the fourth radiating surface 214 is connected to the fourth balun surface 234. With continued reference to fig. 1, each radiating surface includes a plurality of radiating sub-units, and the radiating sub-units are connected by a strip line structure, where the first radiating surface 211 has the same strip line structure as the third radiating surface 213, and the second radiating surface 212 has the same strip line structure as the fourth radiating surface 214. While the first balun face 231 has the same structure as the second balun face 232, and the third balun face 233 has the same structure as the fourth balun face 234. Similarly, the first support plate 121 has the same structure as the second support plate 122, the third support plate 123 has the same structure as the fourth support plate 124, and the four support plates enclose the support portion 12 as shown in fig. 1.

In some embodiments, with continued reference to fig. 1, the metal circuit 2 further includes a filtering portion 22 and a power splitting portion 24; the filtering part 22 is arranged on one side surface of the top plate part 11 facing the bottom plate part 13, and is used for realizing power distribution between dual polarization of the radiating elements; the power distribution portion 24 is provided at a side surface of the bottom plate portion 24 facing the top plate portion 12.

In the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal circuit 2 further includes a filter portion 22, and the filter portion 22 is disposed on a side surface of the top plate portion 11 facing the bottom plate portion 13, for example, may be formed by electroplating. Illustratively, the filtering portion 22 has a filtering effect on the 1427MHz-2690MHz band when the radiation frequency is in the 615MHz-960MHz band. The radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can ensure the filtering effect on the high-frequency 1427MHz-2690MHz frequency band while improving the gain index so as to realize the array fusion of the 615MHz-960MHz frequency band and the 1427MHz-2690MHz frequency band, thereby being beneficial to realizing the miniaturization of the multi-frequency-band fusion antenna.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fusion array formed by a radiation unit and high-frequency oscillators provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 9, the fusion array includes a radiation unit 101 and four high-frequency oscillators 102 provided in the embodiment, where the four high-frequency oscillators 102 are symmetrically disposed. Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fusion array formed by a conventional radiating element and a high-frequency oscillator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 10, the fusion array includes a conventional radiating element 103 and four high-frequency oscillators 102, where the four high-frequency oscillators 102 are symmetrically disposed. The radiating elements in the two fused arrays are different and therefore the filtering effect is different. Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the height comparison of a radiating element, a conventional radiating element and a high-frequency oscillator according to the present embodiment, and referring to fig. 11, it can be seen that, compared with the conventional radiating element 103, the radiating element 101 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has a lower cross section, which is beneficial to miniaturization of the antenna.

Based on the above structure, fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of fused array test data corresponding to the structure of fig. 9 and 10, which specifically illustrates gain variation at different angles of the whole breadth at a fixed frequency (i.e. 1.71 GHz). Referring to fig. 12, the horizontal axis represents angle, an exemplary angle range in the figure is-90 deg. -270 deg., and the vertical axis represents gain of the radiating element at different angles within the web; wherein L31 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 1.71GHz, and L32 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the related metal at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 1.71 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 12, at the frequency point of 1.71GHz, compared with the waveform of the conventional radiating element, the waveform of the radiating element provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is smoother and more stable, and the filtering effect is better, thereby being conducive to realizing miniaturization of the multi-band fusion antenna.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of still another fused array test data corresponding to the structures of fig. 9 and 10 provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, specifically illustrating gain changes at different angles of the entire breadth at a fixed frequency (i.e. 2.69 GHz), referring to fig. 13, the horizontal axis represents angles, the exemplary angle range in the figure is-90 ° to 270 °, and the vertical axis represents gains of the radiation unit at different angles in the breadth; where L41 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 2.69GHz, and L42 represents gain variation of the radiation unit provided by the related art at different angles in the whole breadth at the frequency point of 2.69 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 13, at the frequency point of 2.69GHz, the gain of the radiation unit provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure is higher than that of the conventional radiation unit, the waveform is smoother and more stable, the filtering effect is better, and the miniaturization of the multi-band fusion antenna is facilitated.

With continued reference to fig. 6, the power distribution portion 24 may be provided on a side surface of the bottom plate portion 24 facing the top plate portion 12. The power distribution portion 24 can realize power distribution among dual polarization of the radiating element, improve standing wave performance of the radiating element in a wide frequency band, and guarantee diversity realizability of the vibrator.

In some embodiments, the power splitting section includes a first power splitting section connected to the first balun face and a second power splitting section connected to the second balun face. The lightning protection part comprises an upper middle part of the first distribution part and a lower middle part of the second power distribution part; the lightning protection part is grounded by quarter wavelength direct current and is used for realizing lightning protection of the radiation unit and the whole machine. The feeding part comprises an upper end of the first power distribution part and a lower end of the second power distribution part; the feed portion is divided into positive and negative dual polarization.

The first power distribution part and the first balun face may be connected by electroplating, and the second power distribution part and the second balun face may be connected by electroplating, for example. The lightning protection part of the radiation unit is also arranged on the surface of one side of the bottom plate part, which faces the top plate part, and can comprise the upper middle part of the first distribution part and the lower middle part of the second power distribution part, wherein the lightning protection part is grounded in a quarter-wavelength direct current mode, each part of the radiation unit is connected with the lightning protection part, and lightning current is led into the ground, so that the lightning protection of the radiation unit and the whole machine is realized. The feed part comprises the upper end of the first power distribution part and the lower end of the second power distribution part, and the feed part is divided into positive and negative dual polarization, so that the fusion of the whole antenna is improved.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 8, the top plate portion is provided with through holes 111 at corresponding positions of each radiating surface and balun surface, respectively, and the through holes 111 corresponding to each radiating surface are located on the same side of the corresponding support plate. The through holes 111 are used to achieve galvanic connection from the balun to the radiating surface.

Since the radiation portion is located on a side surface of the top plate portion facing away from the bottom plate portion, the balun face is located on an inner side surface or an outer side surface of the support portion, the support portion is located between the bottom plate portion and the top plate portion, and if the radiation face is to be connected to the balun face, it is necessary to provide a through hole 111 in the top plate portion 11, and plating of the balun face to the radiation face is connected through the through hole 111.

In some embodiments, fig. 14 is a schematic bottom view of a radiating element provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure; on the basis of fig. 8, in combination with fig. 14, an opening 131 is formed at the intersection of the top plate portion and the support plate, and an opening 133 is formed at the intersection of the bottom plate portion and the support plate; the opening is used for fixedly connecting the top plate part, the supporting part and the bottom plate part, and the signal is used for connecting the feed part, the balun part and the radiation part.

The intersection part of the radiation part and the balun part is provided with a through hole 111, and the tail end of the lightning protection part is provided with a through hole 113; the through holes are used for realizing coplanar grounding of the vibrators and ensuring transmission shielding and grounding lightning protection of signals.

Specifically, the top plate portion is connected to the bottom plate portion through the supporting portion, and referring to fig. 8, the top plate portion is provided with an opening 131, one end of the supporting plate is intersected with the top plate portion by the opening 131, and referring to fig. 14, the bottom plate portion is provided with an opening 133, the other end of the supporting plate is intersected with the bottom plate portion by the opening 133, the top plate portion, the supporting portion and the bottom plate portion are fixedly connected, and the feeding portion, the balun portion and the radiating portion are connected by signals. The top plate part is further provided with a through hole 111, the through hole 111 is located at the intersection position of the radiation part and the balun part, the balun part penetrates through the through hole 111 to be connected with the radiation part on the top plate part, the bottom plate part is further provided with a through hole 113, the bottom plate part is located at the tail end of the lightning protection part, and the radiation unit achieves oscillator coplanarity through the through hole 113 to ensure signal transmission shielding and grounding lightning protection.

In some embodiments, fig. 15 is a schematic view of a combination of a radiation surface of a radiation unit and balun according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 15, a dielectric substrate is an integrally formed structure, and a supporting portion 23 and/or a bottom portion is selected from a hollowed-out portion of a top plate portion 11.

Illustratively, a monolithic dielectric substrate is provided, the top plate portion 11 is provided with a free dielectric substrate at a location other than the location corresponding to the radiating portion 21, and the support portion 23 may be selected from a hollowed out portion of the top plate portion 11, with the removed dielectric substrate hollowed out to the support portion. For example, four cutouts are provided for making the first support plate 121, the second support plate 122, the third support plate 123, and the fourth support plate 124, respectively. Therefore, the integral plate medium substrate is integrally formed, the utilization rate of the plate is improved, and the light-weight of the radiation unit is realized.

In some embodiments, the hollowed out dielectric substrate of the top plate portion 11 may also be used to make the bottom plate portion when the hollowed out dielectric substrate is sized to meet the needs of the bottom plate portion. If the dielectric substrate of the top plate 11 is sufficiently large, both the support portion 23 and the bottom plate portion may be formed from hollowed-out portions of the top plate 11, thereby forming an integrally formed structure. Based on the above embodiments, the present disclosure may provide an integrally formed dielectric half-wave microstrip radiating element.

On the basis of the embodiment, the low-profile ultra-wideband filtering radiation unit provided by the embodiment can be applied to a large-scale array fusion antenna, has the advantages of light weight, low profile, wide working frequency band, high filtering performance and good support, is suitable for large-scale manufacturing and automatic production, and has wide application prospects in large-scale array antennas.

In some embodiments, the radiating unit provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is an integrated oscillator based on a dielectric substrate, the radiating part and the feeding part are both on the dielectric substrate, and the dielectric substrate has the advantages of light weight, low section, high gain, good filtering function, good supporting performance, good index consistency and the like, so that the radiating unit is used as a single component to realize the oscillator function, can simplify the oscillator structure, realize the filtering compatibility, miniaturize the antenna and have better consistency. The feed part and the balun part can also be in a saw-tooth shape, the feed circuit is wound and bent, and the lower section of the vibrator is realized by expanding the equivalent circuit. And the mode of two-point feeding (namely two feeding points) and three-point installation (namely installation among a top plate part, a supporting part and a bottom plate part) is adopted, so that the work distribution bureau of the 4-point feeding is simpler in structure. The radiation principle of the radiation unit is half-wave dipole principle, and can realize the wide frequency band of 615MHz-960MHz and the high frequency band filtering of 1427MHz-2690 MHz. Therefore, the radiating unit meets the application requirements of the large-scale array fusion antenna, and the provided dielectric substrate radiating unit has the characteristics of light weight, low profile, wide working frequency band and good filtering performance, and is suitable for large-scale manufacturing and automatic production.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a base station antenna, which comprises the radiation unit according to any of the above embodiments. The present invention has the same or similar advantageous effects as the radiation unit in the above embodiments, since it includes the radiation unit in the above embodiments. It should be noted that, the base station antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include other circuits, devices or systems for supporting the normal operation of the base station antenna, which is not limited in this embodiment.

It should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the disclosure to enable one skilled in the art to understand or practice the disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown and described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A radiating element comprising a dielectric substrate and a metal circuit;

2. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein the support portion comprises a first support plate, a second support plate, a third support plate, and a fourth support plate that intersect in sequence; the four supporting plates are enclosed to form the supporting part;

3. The radiating element of claim 2, wherein four of said support plates are vertically crossed and vertically connected to said top and bottom plate portions, respectively;

4. A radiation unit according to claim 3, wherein the connection of the first support plate and the second support plate is provided with a through hole, the connection of the second support plate and the third support plate is provided with a through hole, the connection of the third support plate and the fourth support plate is provided with a through hole, the connection of the fourth support plate and the first support plate is provided with a through hole, and the through holes are located on the same side of the balun face, respectively;

5. The radiating element of claim 2, wherein the radiating portion comprises a first radiating surface, a second radiating surface, a third radiating surface, and a fourth radiating surface;

6. The radiating element of claim 5, wherein the metal circuit further comprises a filtering portion and a power splitting portion;

7. The radiating element of claim 6, wherein the power splitting section comprises a first power splitting section and a second power splitting section, the first power splitting section being connected to the first balun face and the second power splitting section being connected to the second balun face;

8. The radiating element of claim 5, wherein the top plate portion is provided with through holes at respective positions of each of the radiating surfaces and the balun surfaces, and the through holes corresponding to each of the radiating surfaces are all located on the same side of the corresponding support plate;

9. The radiating element of claim 2, wherein the top plate portion has an aperture at a location where it intersects the support plate, and wherein the bottom plate portion has an aperture at a location where it intersects the support plate; the open hole is used for fixedly connecting the top plate part, the supporting part and the bottom plate part, and connecting the feed part, the balun part and the radiating part in a signal manner;

10. The radiating element of claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate is an integrally formed structure, and the support portion and/or the bottom plate portion is selected from a hollowed-out portion of the top plate portion.

11. A base station antenna comprising a radiating element according to any of claims 1-10.