CN117782868A - Multifunctional bolt detection device and bolt detection method - Google Patents
Multifunctional bolt detection device and bolt detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117782868A CN117782868A CN202410219752.0A CN202410219752A CN117782868A CN 117782868 A CN117782868 A CN 117782868A CN 202410219752 A CN202410219752 A CN 202410219752A CN 117782868 A CN117782868 A CN 117782868A
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional bolt detection device and a bolt detection method, and relates to the technical field of bolt detection. The multifunctional bolt detection device comprises a base, wherein the base is provided with a conveying assembly, a driving assembly and a control assembly, and the conveying assembly is used for conveying bolts to be detected; the driving end of the driving assembly is connected with a hardness detection assembly, an ultrasonic detection assembly and a metallographic detection assembly, and is used for driving the three assemblies to move; the conveying assembly, the driving assembly, the hardness detection assembly, the ultrasonic detection assembly and the metallographic detection assembly are all in communication connection with the control assembly. The multifunctional bolt detection device can intelligently detect a plurality of functions of the bolt to be detected, manual operation is not needed, detection functionality is strong, detection efficiency is high, and labor force consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bolt detection, in particular to a multifunctional bolt detection device and a bolt detection method.
Background
The bolt is widely used as parts such as steam turbine and affiliated valve as detachable fastener, in order to ensure firm in connection, stability when the bolt uses, need carry out a plurality of processes to it after the bolt processing is accomplished and detect complex operation, consume a large amount of manual labor and detection efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional bolt detection device and a bolt detection method, which are used for solving the technical problems that the existing bolt is required to be subjected to multiple process detection after being processed, the detection operation is complex, a large amount of manual labor is consumed, and the detection efficiency is low.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multifunctional bolt detection device, which comprises a base, wherein the base is provided with a conveying assembly, a driving assembly and a control assembly, and the conveying assembly is used for conveying a bolt to be detected; the driving end of the driving assembly is connected with a hardness detection assembly, an ultrasonic detection assembly and a metallographic detection assembly, and the hardness detection assembly, the ultrasonic detection assembly and the metallographic detection assembly are used for driving the hardness detection assembly, the metallographic detection assembly and the metallographic detection assembly to move; the conveying assembly, the driving assembly, the hardness detection assembly, the ultrasonic detection assembly and the metallographic detection assembly are all in communication connection with the control assembly.
Optionally, the base is provided with an identification component for identifying the type of the bolt to be detected at a position corresponding to the input end of the conveying component, and the identification component is in communication connection with the control component.
Optionally, the base is in the below of conveying subassembly is equipped with the fender position subassembly, keep off the position subassembly and include two edges keep off the position part that the direction of delivery of conveying subassembly was arranged at intervals, keep off the position part including connect in the fender position driving piece of base with connect in keep off the fender seat that keeps off position driving piece top drive end, keep off the position driving piece and be used for the drive keep off seat elevating movement and edge the direction of delivery of conveying subassembly reciprocating motion.
Optionally, the hardness testing assembly includes a sanding member and a durometer coupled to the drive end of the drive assembly.
Optionally, the metallographic detection assembly is including connecting in the carousel of drive assembly drive end, the bottom of carousel is equipped with first grinding rotation driving piece, cleans rotation driving piece, corrodes rotation driving piece and metallographic microscope along its circumference interval, the bottom drive end of first grinding rotation driving piece be equipped with the piece of polishing the bottom drive end of rotation driving piece be equipped with the cleaning piece the bottom drive end of corroding rotation driving piece is equipped with the corrosion part.
The invention also provides a bolt detection method, which adopts the multifunctional bolt detection device, and comprises the following steps:
and (3) material hardness detection: controlling a hardness detection assembly to detect the material hardness value of a bolt to be detected positioned at a hardness station;
ultrasonic flaw detection: controlling an ultrasonic detection assembly to detect the echo amplitude of a bolt to be detected positioned at a flaw detection station;
metallographic detection: controlling a metallographic detection assembly to detect grain sizes of metallographic structures of bolts to be detected positioned at a metallographic station;
metallographic hardness detection: and after the metallographic detection is finished, controlling the hardness detection assembly to detect the metallographic hardness value of a metallographic detection area in the bolt to be detected at the hardness station.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
obtaining the model of a bolt to be tested, and determining the hardness range of a material, a preset amplitude threshold value, a preset grain size threshold value and a metallographic hardness range according to the model;
and if the material hardness value is in the material hardness range, the echo amplitude value is smaller than the preset amplitude threshold value, the grain size is smaller than the preset grain size threshold value and the metallographic hardness value is in the metallographic hardness range, determining that the bolt to be tested is qualified.
Optionally, the four detection steps of material hardness detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, metallographic detection and metallographic hardness detection are sequentially carried out, and after any one of the detection steps is finished, the detected value is compared with a corresponding qualified range value or a qualified threshold value;
if the detection value is in the corresponding qualified range value or smaller than the corresponding qualified threshold value, determining that the bolt to be detected is qualified, and continuing to execute the next detection step;
if the detection value is located outside the corresponding qualified range value or is larger than or equal to the corresponding qualified threshold value, determining that the bolt to be detected is unqualified, sending out an unqualified alarm and sending out the bolt to be detected.
Optionally, the step of controlling the hardness detection assembly to detect the hardness value of the material of the bolt to be detected at the hardness station includes:
a hardness positioning step: the retaining component positioned at the hardness station clamps the bolt to be tested;
and (3) hardness polishing: the polishing component polishes the first target area of the positioned bolt to be tested;
and material hardness detection: detecting the material hardness value of the polished first target area by a durometer;
after the material hardness detection step is completed, the following operations are performed N times: one of the two gear seats of the gear assembly descends by a preset distance, the other gear seat ascends by a preset distance to drive the bolt to be tested to turn around by a preset angle, and the hardness polishing step and the material hardness detection step are executed again; wherein N is more than or equal to 1.
Optionally, the step of controlling the metallographic detection assembly to detect grain sizes of metallographic structures of bolts to be detected located at the metallographic station includes:
metallographic positioning: the retaining component positioned at the metallographic station clamps the bolt to be tested;
metallographic polishing: the rotary table rotates to enable the polishing piece to be abutted against a second target area of the bolt to be tested, and the first polishing rotation driving piece drives the polishing piece to rotate so as to polish the second target area;
metallographic wiping step: the turntable rotates to enable the wiper to be abutted against the second target area, and the wiper rotation driving piece drives the wiper to rotate so as to conduct wiping treatment on the second target area;
metallographic etching: the rotary table rotates to enable the corrosion part to be abutted against the second target area, and the corrosion rotation driving part drives the corrosion part to rotate so as to carry out corrosion treatment on the second target area;
metallographic detection: the turntable rotates to align the metallographic microscope with the second target area and detect the grain size of the metallographic structure of the second target area.
In the multifunctional bolt detection device provided by the invention, the conveying assembly, the driving assembly, the hardness detection assembly, the ultrasonic detection assembly and the metallographic detection assembly are mutually matched through the control assembly, so that the multifunctional intelligent detection of the hardness, crack flaw detection, metallographic and metallographic hardness of the bolt material to be detected can be realized, manual operation is not needed, the detection functionality is strong, the detection efficiency is high, and the consumption of manual labor is less.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a bolt detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the inside of a multifunctional bolt detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the inside of a multifunctional bolt detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
100-base; 110-a guide beam; 200-a transport assembly; 300-a drive assembly; 311-polishing the carrier beam; 312-grinding the carrying seat; 313-grinding lifting driving piece; 314-a second sanding rotational drive; 321-hardness carrier beams; 322-hardness carrier; 323-hardness lifting drive; 331-ultrasonic carrier beam; 332-an ultrasonic carrier; 333-ultrasonic lift drive; 341-metallographic loading beam; 342-metallographic phase carrier; 343-metallographic lifting driving piece; 344-metallographic rotary driving piece; 400-a bolt to be tested; 510-grinding the part; 511-pole section sanding plate; 512-end sanding plate; 520-durometer; 600-an ultrasonic detection assembly; 700-metallographic detection assembly; 710—a turntable; 720-a first grinding rotation driving piece; 730-wiping the rotary drive; 740-etching the rotary drive member; 750-metallographic microscope; 760-grinding piece; 770—wiper; 780-corrosion part; 800-universal wheel.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment provides a multifunctional bolt detection device, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, which comprises a base 100, wherein the base 100 is provided with a conveying assembly 200, a driving assembly 300 and a control assembly, and the conveying assembly 200 is used for conveying a bolt 400 to be detected; the driving end of the driving assembly 300 is connected with a hardness detection assembly, an ultrasonic detection assembly 600 and a metallographic detection assembly 700, and is used for driving the three assemblies to move; the delivery assembly 200, the drive assembly 300, the hardness testing assembly, the ultrasonic testing assembly 600, and the metallographic testing assembly 700 are all communicatively coupled to the control assembly.
The hardness detection assembly can detect the material hardness value of the bolt 400 to be detected, the material hardness value can represent the overall hardness of the bolt and the strength in service, and when the detected hardness values of a plurality of groups of materials reach the standard, the material hardness of the bolt is qualified; the ultrasonic detection assembly 600 can detect the echo amplitude of the bolt 400 to be detected, the echo amplitude can represent whether the bolt has crack defects, and when the detected echo amplitude reaches the standard, the bolt is represented that no crack exists; the metallographic detection assembly 700 can detect the grain size of the metallographic structure of the bolt 400 to be detected, the grain size can represent whether the microstructure of the bolt changes or not, and when the detected grain size reaches the standard, the microstructure of the bolt is represented that the microstructure of the bolt does not change; the hardness detection assembly can also detect the metallographic hardness value of the bolt 400 to be detected, the metallographic hardness value can represent the hardness of the microstructure of the bolt, and when the detected metallographic hardness value reaches the standard, the hardness of the microstructure of the bolt is qualified.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a bolt detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bolt detection method adopts the bolt multifunctional detection device to perform multifunctional detection on the bolt 400 to be detected, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s102, hardness detection of a material: the hardness detection assembly is controlled to detect the material hardness value of the bolt 400 to be detected at the hardness station.
Feeding the bolt 400 to be tested to a bearing position of the conveying assembly 200, and conveying the assembly to be tested to a hardness station by the conveying assembly 200; then, the driving assembly 300 drives the hardness detection assembly to detect the hardness of the first target area of the bolt 400 to be detected to obtain the material hardness value of the bolt 400 to be detected, and feeds back the measured material hardness value information to the control assembly; the control component judges whether the material hardness of the bolt 400 to be detected meets the standard according to the material hardness value represented by the received material hardness value information, and correspondingly controls the conveying component 200 to convey the bolt 400 to be detected and the other detection components to detect the bolt 400 to be detected subsequently. Wherein, the first target area may include a local area of the shaft portion and a local area of the end portion of the bolt 400 to be tested, and the hardness detection assembly detects the plurality of areas to obtain a plurality of groups of material hardness values, thereby improving the accuracy of hardness detection of the bolt 400 to be tested.
S104 ultrasonic flaw detection: the ultrasonic detection assembly 600 is controlled to detect the echo amplitude of the bolt 400 to be tested at the inspection station.
The conveying component 200 conveys the bolt 400 to be detected loaded at the loading position to the flaw detection station, the driving component 300 drives the ultrasonic detection component 600 to carry out comprehensive ultrasonic scanning on the bolt 400 to be detected so as to obtain echo amplitude, and the measured echo amplitude information is fed back to the control component; the control component judges whether the bolt 400 to be detected has cracks according to the echo amplitude represented by the received echo amplitude information, and correspondingly controls the conveying component 200 to convey the bolt 400 to be detected and the subsequent detection of the bolt 400 to be detected by other detection components.
S106, metallographic detection: the metallographic detection assembly 700 is controlled to detect grain sizes of metallographic structures of the bolts 400 to be detected located at a metallographic station.
The conveying component 200 conveys the bolt 400 to be detected, which is borne in the bearing position, to a metallographic station, the driving component 300 drives the metallographic detection component 700 to carry out metallographic detection on a second target area of the bolt 400 to be detected, so as to obtain the grain size of a metallographic structure, and the measured grain size information is fed back to the control component; the control component judges whether the metallographic structure of the bolt 400 to be detected changes according to the grain size represented by the received grain size information, and correspondingly controls the conveying component 200 to convey the bolt 400 to be detected and the other detection components to detect the bolt 400 to be detected subsequently.
S108 metallographic hardness detection: after the metallographic detection is finished, the hardness detection assembly is controlled to detect the metallographic hardness value of a metallographic detection area in the bolt 400 to be detected at the hardness station.
The second target area subjected to metallographic detection is used as a metallographic detection area, and the metallographic structure of the area is exposed; the conveying component 200 conveys the bolt 400 to be detected after the metallographic detection is completed to a hardness station again, the driving component 300 drives the hardness detection component to carry out hardness detection on the metallographic detection area so as to obtain the metallographic hardness value of the bolt 400 to be detected, and the measured metallographic hardness value information is fed back to the control component; the control component judges whether the metallographic hardness of the bolt 400 to be tested meets the standard according to the metallographic hardness value represented by the received metallographic hardness value information, and correspondingly controls the conveying component 200 to convey the bolt 400 to be tested.
In the bolt multifunctional detection device provided by the embodiment, the conveying assembly 200, the driving assembly 300, the hardness detection assembly, the ultrasonic detection assembly 600 and the metallographic detection assembly 700 are mutually matched through the control assembly, so that the multifunctional intelligent detection of the hardness, crack flaw detection, metallographic and metallographic hardness of the bolt 400 to be detected can be realized, manual operation is not needed, the detection functionality is strong, the detection efficiency is high, and the consumption of manual labor is less.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the detection method further includes: obtaining the model of the bolt 400 to be tested, and determining the material hardness range, the preset amplitude threshold value, the preset grain size threshold value and the metallographic hardness range according to the model; if the hardness value of the material is within the hardness range of the material, the echo amplitude is smaller than the preset amplitude threshold value, the grain size is smaller than the preset grain size threshold value, and the metallographic hardness value is within the metallographic hardness range, the bolt 400 to be tested is determined to be qualified.
The control component stores qualified range values and qualified thresholds of a plurality of types of bolts corresponding to functions, specifically, the type of the bolt 400 to be tested can be input or selected in the control component, the control component correspondingly retrieves the qualified range values and the qualified thresholds of the corresponding types from the storage library, and specifically comprises a material hardness range, a preset amplitude threshold, a preset grain size threshold and a metallographic hardness range corresponding to the type; the control component compares the material hardness value represented by the received material hardness value information with a material hardness range, compares the echo amplitude represented by the received echo amplitude information with a preset amplitude threshold, compares the grain size represented by the received grain size information with a preset grain size threshold, compares the metallographic hardness value represented by the received metallographic hardness value information with a metallographic hardness range, and determines the bolt 400 to be tested as a qualified product when both the material hardness value and the metallographic hardness value are in corresponding qualified range values and both the echo amplitude and the grain size are smaller than corresponding qualified threshold; when either the material hardness value or the metallographic hardness value is outside the corresponding acceptable range value or either the echo amplitude value or the grain size is greater than or equal to the corresponding acceptable threshold value, the bolt 400 to be tested is determined to be an unacceptable product.
The control component can intelligently judge whether the bolt 400 to be detected is a qualified product according to the detection value, so that manual comparison and judgment on the detection value is omitted, the functionality and the detection efficiency of the detection device are correspondingly further improved, the manual labor consumption is further reduced, and the capability requirement on operators can be reduced.
Specifically, the preset grain size threshold may be 5 grades.
Further, in this embodiment, four detection steps of material hardness detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, metallographic detection and metallographic hardness detection are sequentially performed, and after any one of the detection steps is completed, the detected value is compared with a corresponding qualified range value or a qualified threshold value; if the detection value is within the corresponding qualification range value or smaller than the corresponding qualification threshold value, determining that the bolt 400 to be detected is qualified, and continuing to execute the next detection step; if the detected value is outside the corresponding qualified range value or is greater than or equal to the corresponding qualified threshold value, determining that the bolt 400 to be detected is unqualified, sending out an unqualified alarm and sending out the bolt 400 to be detected.
Firstly, detecting the material hardness of a bolt 400 to be detected, which is positioned at a hardness station, and when the detected material hardness value is outside the material hardness range, characterizing that the material hardness of the bolt 400 to be detected is unqualified, correspondingly controlling a conveying component 200 to directly send out the bolt 400 to be detected by a control component, and controlling an alarm component to send out unqualified hardness alarms to prompt an operator, thereby omitting subsequent ultrasonic flaw detection, metallographic detection and metallographic hardness detection; when the measured hardness value of the material is within the hardness range of the material, the material hardness of the bolt 400 to be tested is qualified, and the control component correspondingly controls the conveying component 200 to convey the bolt 400 to be tested after hardness detection to the flaw detection station for ultrasonic flaw detection according to the comparison result. Similarly, ultrasonic flaw detection is carried out on the bolt 400 to be detected positioned at the flaw detection station, when the measured echo amplitude is greater than or equal to a preset amplitude threshold value, the bolt 400 to be detected is characterized by having cracks, the control component correspondingly controls the conveying component 200 to directly send out the bolt 400 to be detected, and controls the alarm component to send out crack alarms to prompt an operator, so that subsequent metallographic detection and metallographic hardness detection are omitted; the metallographic detection is similar to the metallographic hardness detection, and is not described in detail here.
The detection method of the embodiment sequentially performs four detection steps of material hardness detection, ultrasonic flaw detection, metallographic detection and metallographic hardness detection on the bolt 400 to be detected, wherein when the detection value obtained in any one detection step exceeds the standard, the bolt 400 to be detected is determined to be an unqualified product and is directly sent out, so that the subsequent detection step is omitted, invalid detection is correspondingly reduced, the detection procedure is further simplified, and the detection efficiency is improved.
In addition to the above-mentioned input or selection of the type of the bolt 400 to be tested in the control assembly, in this embodiment, an identification assembly for identifying the type of the bolt 400 to be tested may be further disposed at a position corresponding to the input end of the conveying assembly 200 on the base 100, and the identification assembly is communicatively connected to the control assembly. The control component stores parameters such as the shape, the size and the like of bolts of various types; when the intelligent detection device is used, the bolt 400 to be detected is fed to the bearing position of the input end of the conveying assembly 200, the identification assembly can identify the shape and the size of the bolt 400 to be detected positioned at the bearing position, the identified shape information and the identified size information are fed back to the control assembly, the control assembly compares the received shape information and the received size information with the shape and the size parameters stored in the storage library of the control assembly, and selects the bolt model with the corresponding shape and the corresponding size from the received shape information and the received size information, so that the intelligent acquisition of the bolt model is realized, the manual input of the bolt model and other operations are not needed, the functionality and the detection efficiency of the detection device are further improved, and the consumption of the manual labor is further reduced.
In particular, the identification component may employ an infrared scanner or a CCD camera.
Specifically, in this embodiment, a gear assembly is disposed below the conveying assembly 200 on the base 100, and the gear assembly includes two gear components arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying assembly 200, where the gear components include a gear driving member connected to the base 100 and a gear seat connected to a top driving end of the gear driving member, and the gear driving member is used for driving the gear seat to move up and down and reciprocate along the conveying direction of the conveying assembly 200.
A gear assembly can be arranged below each of the hardness station, the flaw detection station and the metallographic station, the gear assembly of the hardness station is used for illustration, initially, two gear driving parts drive the gear to descend to a height lower than that of the conveying assembly 200, and the conveying assembly 200 stops conveying the bolt 400 to be tested when conveying the bolt 400 to be tested to the hardness station, wherein the bolt 400 to be tested extends along the width direction of the conveying assembly 200; the two gear driving parts drive the corresponding gear seats to rise to the height corresponding to the bolt 400 to be detected, and drive the two gear seats to move in opposite directions and clamp the bolt 400 to be detected, so that the bolt 400 to be detected is positioned at the hardness station, and the position stability and the hardness detection accuracy of the bolt 400 to be detected in the hardness detection process are correspondingly ensured.
The gear component is used for positioning the bolt 400 to be tested, and can also realize circumferential rotation of the bolt 400 to be tested, specifically, when hardness detection is required to be carried out on a plurality of areas in the circumferential direction of the bolt 400 to be tested, two gear seats clamp the bolt 400 to be tested initially, one of the two gear driving pieces descends by a preset distance, the other one ascends by a preset distance, and preferably, the two gear driving pieces synchronously ascend and descend at the same speed, so that the bolt 400 to be tested is driven to rotate by a preset angle in the circumferential direction and is kept at a bearing position, and the gear seats always keep clamping and positioning the bolt 400 to be tested in the circumferential direction rotation regulation process; accordingly, the hardness testing assembly is capable of hardness testing different areas of the bolt 400 to be tested after rotation.
The gear component with the above-mentioned form can simultaneously realize the positioning and circumferential angle adjustment of the bolt 400 to be tested, and has simple structure and strong functionality. Specifically, the gear driving member may include a first driving member that stretches along the conveying direction of the conveying assembly 200 and a second driving member that stretches along the up-down direction, where a housing of the second driving member is fixedly connected to the driving end of the first driving member; specifically, the first driving piece and the second driving piece can both be push rod motors.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the hardness testing assembly includes a sanding member 510 and a durometer 520 coupled to the drive end of the drive assembly 300. Wherein, the polishing component 510 can reciprocate along the conveying direction and the width direction of the conveying component 200 under the driving of the driving component 300, and can also perform lifting motion and circumferential rotation, so as to polish the surface of the first target area of the bolt 400 to be tested, which is positioned at the hardness station, and after polishing, the durometer 520 can move and detect the hardness of the first target area under the driving of the driving component 300, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the hardness value of the material. Specifically, the polishing member 510 may include a lever portion polishing sheet 511 for polishing the lever portion of the bolt 400 to be tested and two end portion polishing sheets 512 for polishing the two end surfaces of the bolt 400 to be tested, respectively; accordingly, the number of the durometers 520 is three, one of the durometers 520 is used for detecting the polishing area of the rod part of the bolt 400 to be detected, and the other two durometers 520 are used for detecting the polishing areas of the two end surfaces of the screw to be detected.
Accordingly, the step of controlling the hardness detection assembly to detect the hardness value of the material of the bolt 400 to be detected at the hardness station includes: a hardness positioning step: a blocking component positioned at the hardness station clamps the bolt 400 to be tested; and (3) hardness polishing: the polishing part 510 polishes the first target area of the positioned bolt 400 to be tested; and material hardness detection: the durometer 520 detects a material hardness value of the polished first target area; after the material hardness detection step is completed, the following operations are performed N times: one of the two gear seats of the gear assembly descends by a preset distance and the other one ascends by a preset distance to drive the bolt 400 to be tested to turn around by a preset angle, and the hardness polishing step and the material hardness detecting step are performed again; wherein N is more than or equal to 1.
After the bolt 400 to be tested is conveyed to the hardness station by the conveying component 200, the gear component positioned at the hardness station ascends and clamps the bolt 400 to be tested, so that the first positioning of the bolt 400 to be tested is realized; then the driving component 300 drives the polishing component 510 to polish a local area of the top surface and a local area of the end surface of the rod part of the bolt 400 to be tested, and then the driving component 300 drives the durometer 520 to perform hardness detection on the polished area to obtain at least one group of material hardness values, and feeds back the detected material hardness value information to the control component, so that single-group hardness detection of the bolt 400 to be tested is completed; subsequently, the two gear driving members of the gear assembly drive the corresponding gear seats to respectively lift and lower by a preset distance, the to-be-detected bolt 400 circumferentially rotates by a preset angle under the clamping driving action of the two gear seats, so that different circumferential areas of the to-be-detected bolt 400 face upwards, then the driving assembly 300 drives the polishing component 510 again to polish the partial areas of the top surface and the partial areas of the end surface of the rod part of the to-be-detected bolt 400, and the hardness of the new polished areas is detected by the driving durometer 520 to obtain a second group of material hardness values, and the process is repeated in such a way, so that a plurality of groups of material hardness values of different circumferential areas of the to-be-detected bolt 400 are obtained, and the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the hardness detection of the to-be-detected bolt 400 are correspondingly improved.
Wherein N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; the control assembly can be connected with a display assembly such as a computer, and the received material hardness value can be displayed through the display assembly and automatically highlighted on the maximum value and the minimum value.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic detection assembly 600 includes a connection seat connected to the driving end of the driving assembly 300, and the connection seat is provided with an ultrasonic probe and a nozzle. The nozzle is connected with the couplant container through the communicating pipe, when the ultrasonic probe is used, the gear component positioned at the flaw detection station can clamp and drive the bolt 400 to be detected to turn round, the control component controls the nozzle to continuously spray the couplant to the rod part and the end face of the bolt 400 to be detected, and synchronously, the ultrasonic probe detects flaw in the area of the bolt 400 to be detected sprayed with the couplant to obtain the echo amplitude of the bolt 400 to be detected; the control component can be specifically preset with an echo display range and a gate which are adapted to the type of the bolt 400 to be tested, and when the detected echo amplitude exceeds the gate, namely is larger than a preset amplitude threshold, the control component determines that the bolt 400 to be tested is unqualified and controls the alarm component to send out an unqualified alarm.
Alternatively, in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the metallographic detection assembly 700 includes a turntable 710 connected to the driving end of the driving assembly 300, the bottom of the turntable 710 is provided with a first grinding rotation driving member 720, a wiping rotation driving member 730, a corrosion rotation driving member 740 and a metallographic microscope 750 at intervals along the circumferential direction, the bottom driving end of the first grinding rotation driving member 720 is provided with a grinding member 760, the bottom driving end of the wiping rotation driving member 730 is provided with a wiping member 770, and the bottom driving end of the corrosion rotation driving member 740 is provided with a corrosion member 780. The polishing member 760 is used for polishing a second target area on the surface of the bolt 400 to be tested, the wiper member 770 containing alcohol is used for wiping and cleaning the polished second target area, the etching member 780 containing etching liquid such as nitrate alcohol is used for etching the wiped and cleaned second target area so as to make the area in a clean and bare state, and the metallographic microscope 750 is used for detecting metallographic structure of the clean and bare second target area and measuring grain size of the area.
Accordingly, in the present embodiment, the step of controlling the metallographic detection assembly 700 to detect the grain size of the metallographic structure of the bolt 400 to be detected at the metallographic station includes: metallographic positioning: the retaining component positioned at the metallographic station clamps the bolt 400 to be tested; metallographic polishing: the turntable 710 rotates to enable the polishing member 760 to abut against a second target area of the bolt 400 to be tested, and the first polishing rotation driving member 720 drives the polishing member 760 to rotate to polish the second target area; metallographic wiping step: the turntable 710 rotates to make the wiper 770 abut against the second target area, and the wiper rotation driver 730 drives the wiper 770 to rotate to perform a wiping process on the second target area; metallographic etching: rotating the turntable 710 to make the etching member 780 abut against the second target area, and rotating the etching member 780 by the etching rotation driving member 740 to perform etching treatment on the second target area; metallographic detection: the turntable 710 is rotated to align the metallographic microscope 750 with the second target region and to detect grain size of the metallographic structure of the second target region.
The number of the first polishing rotation driving members 720 and the polishing members 760 may be plural, the first polishing rotation driving members 720 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the turntable 710, the polishing members 760 are mounted at the bottom driving end of each first polishing rotation driving member 720, and the granularity of each polishing member 760 is different; in use, in the metallographic polishing step, the drive assembly 300 may drive the turntable 710 to rotate so that each polishing pad sequentially polishes the second target region from coarse to fine.
In particular, the metallographic microscope 750 may be automatically focused under the control of the control assembly, and then the operator fine-tunes its focal length and orientation to measure grain size with higher positional accuracy and higher precision.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the base 100 is provided with two guide beams 110 extending in the conveying direction of the conveying assembly 200, the two guide beams 110 being located on both sides of the conveying assembly 200 in the width direction, respectively; the driving assembly 300 comprises a polishing carrier beam 311, a hardness carrier beam 321, an ultrasonic carrier beam 331 and a metallographic carrier beam 341, wherein the polishing carrier beam 311 is arranged in parallel and two ends of the polishing carrier beam 311 are correspondingly and slidably connected with the two guide beams 110, the polishing carrier beam 311 is slidably connected with a polishing carrier seat 312 along the length direction of the polishing carrier beam 311, the hardness carrier beam 321 is slidably connected with a hardness carrier seat 322 along the length direction of the polishing carrier beam 321, the ultrasonic carrier beam 331 is slidably connected with an ultrasonic carrier seat 332 along the length direction of the ultrasonic carrier beam 331, and the metallographic carrier beam 341 is slidably connected with a metallographic carrier seat 342 along the length direction of the metallographic carrier beam 341.
The driving assembly 300 further comprises a longitudinal grinding driving member for driving the grinding carrier 311 to move along the length direction of the guide beam 110, a transverse grinding driving member for driving the grinding carrier 312 to move along the length direction of the grinding carrier 311, a grinding lifting driving member 313 connected to the grinding carrier 312, and a second grinding rotation driving member 314 connected to the bottom end of the grinding lifting driving member 313, wherein the grinding member 510 is mounted on the bottom driving end of the second grinding rotation driving member 314; the driving assembly 300 further includes a longitudinal stiffness driving member for driving the stiffness carrier 321 to move along the guide beam 110, a transverse stiffness driving member for driving the stiffness carrier 322 to move along the length direction of the stiffness carrier 321, and a stiffness elevating driving member 323 connected to the stiffness carrier 322, wherein the stiffness meter 520 is mounted to the bottom driving end of the stiffness elevating driving member 323.
Similarly, the driving assembly 300 further comprises a longitudinal ultrasonic driving member for driving the ultrasonic carrier beam 331 to move along the length direction of the guide beam 110, a transverse ultrasonic driving member for driving the ultrasonic carrier 332 to move along the length direction of the ultrasonic carrier beam 331, and an ultrasonic lifting driving member 333 connected to the ultrasonic carrier 332, wherein the connection base of the ultrasonic detection assembly 600 is connected to the bottom driving end of the ultrasonic lifting driving member 333; the device further comprises a longitudinal metallographic driving piece for driving the metallographic carrying beam 341 to move along the length direction of the guide beam 110, a transverse metallographic driving piece for driving the metallographic carrying seat 342 to move along the length direction of the metallographic carrying beam 341, a metallographic lifting driving piece 343 connected with the metallographic carrying seat 342 and a metallographic rotation driving piece 344 connected with the bottom end of the metallographic lifting driving piece 343, wherein the turntable 710 is connected with the bottom driving end of the metallographic rotation driving piece 344.
As shown in fig. 2, a lockable universal wheel 800 may be provided at the bottom of the base 100 to facilitate movement of the detection device and stability during detection.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The multifunctional bolt detection device is characterized by comprising a base (100), wherein the base (100) is provided with a conveying assembly (200), a driving assembly (300) and a control assembly, and the conveying assembly (200) is used for conveying a bolt (400) to be detected; the driving end of the driving assembly (300) is connected with a hardness detection assembly, an ultrasonic detection assembly (600) and a metallographic detection assembly (700) for driving the three to move; wherein the hardness detection assembly comprises a polishing member (510) and a durometer (520) connected to the drive end of the drive assembly (300); the metallographic detection assembly (700) comprises a rotary table (710) connected to the driving end of the driving assembly (300), wherein a first grinding rotation driving piece (720), a wiping rotation driving piece (730), a corrosion rotation driving piece (740) and a metallographic microscope (750) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the rotary table (710), a polishing piece (760) is arranged at the bottom driving end of the first grinding rotation driving piece (720), a wiping piece (770) is arranged at the bottom driving end of the wiping rotation driving piece (730), and a corrosion piece (780) is arranged at the bottom driving end of the corrosion rotation driving piece (740);
the conveying assembly (200), the driving assembly (300), the hardness detection assembly, the ultrasonic detection assembly (600) and the metallographic detection assembly (700) are all in communication connection with the control assembly.
2. The multifunctional bolt detection device according to claim 1, wherein the base (100) is provided with an identification component for identifying the type of the bolt (400) to be detected at a position corresponding to the input end of the conveying component (200), and the identification component is in communication connection with the control component.
3. The multifunctional bolt detection device according to claim 1, wherein a gear assembly is arranged below the conveying assembly (200) on the base (100), the gear assembly comprises two gear components which are arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the conveying assembly (200), the gear components comprise a gear driving piece connected to the base (100) and a gear seat connected to the top driving end of the gear driving piece, and the gear driving piece is used for driving the gear seat to move up and down and reciprocate along the conveying direction of the conveying assembly (200).
4. A bolt detecting method, characterized in that the bolt multifunctional detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is adopted, the method comprising:
and (3) material hardness detection: controlling a hardness detection assembly to detect the material hardness value of a bolt (400) to be detected positioned at a hardness station;
ultrasonic flaw detection: controlling an ultrasonic detection assembly (600) to detect the echo amplitude of a bolt (400) to be detected at a flaw detection station;
metallographic detection: controlling a metallographic detection assembly (700) to detect grain sizes of metallographic structures of bolts (400) to be detected positioned at a metallographic station;
metallographic hardness detection: and after the metallographic detection is finished, controlling the hardness detection assembly to detect the metallographic hardness value of a metallographic detection area in the bolt (400) to be detected at the hardness station.
5. The bolt detection method of claim 4, further comprising:
obtaining the model of a bolt (400) to be tested, and determining the material hardness range, a preset amplitude threshold value, a preset grain size threshold value and a metallographic hardness range according to the model;
and if the material hardness value is in the material hardness range, the echo amplitude value is smaller than the preset amplitude threshold value, the grain size is smaller than the preset grain size threshold value and the metallographic hardness value is in the metallographic hardness range, determining that the bolt (400) to be detected is qualified.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein four detection steps of the material hardness detection, the ultrasonic flaw detection, the metallographic detection and the metallographic hardness detection are sequentially performed, and wherein after any one of the detection steps is completed, the detected value thereof is compared with a corresponding qualified range value or a qualified threshold value;
if the detection value is within the corresponding qualified range value or smaller than the corresponding qualified threshold value, determining that the bolt (400) to be detected is qualified, and continuing to execute the next detection step;
if the detection value is located outside the corresponding qualified range value or is larger than or equal to the corresponding qualified threshold value, determining that the bolt (400) to be detected is unqualified, sending out an unqualified alarm and sending out the bolt (400) to be detected.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the step of controlling the hardness testing assembly to test the hardness value of the material of the bolt (400) to be tested at the hardness station comprises:
a hardness positioning step: a retaining component positioned at the hardness station clamps the bolt (400) to be tested;
and (3) hardness polishing: the polishing component (510) polishes the first target area of the positioned bolt (400) to be tested;
and material hardness detection: a durometer (520) detects a material hardness value of the polished first target region;
after the material hardness detection step is completed, the following operations are performed N times: one of the two gear seats of the gear assembly descends by a preset distance, the other one ascends by a preset distance to drive a bolt (400) to be tested to turn around by a preset angle, and the hardness polishing step and the material hardness detection step are executed again; wherein N is more than or equal to 1.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the step of controlling the metallographic detection assembly (700) to detect grain size of a metallographic structure of the bolt (400) to be detected at the metallographic station comprises:
metallographic positioning: a blocking component positioned at a metallographic station clamps the bolt (400) to be tested;
metallographic polishing: the turntable (710) rotates to enable the polishing piece (760) to be abutted against a second target area of the bolt (400) to be tested, and the first polishing rotation driving piece (720) drives the polishing piece (760) to rotate so as to polish the second target area;
metallographic wiping step: a turntable (710) rotates to enable a wiper (770) to abut against the second target area, and a wiping rotation driving member (730) drives the wiper (770) to rotate so as to conduct wiping treatment on the second target area;
metallographic etching: rotating the turntable (710) to enable the corrosion part (780) to be abutted against the second target area, and enabling the corrosion rotation driving part (740) to drive the corrosion part (780) to rotate so as to perform corrosion treatment on the second target area;
metallographic detection: the turntable (710) rotates to align a metallographic microscope (750) with the second target region and to detect grain size of a metallographic structure of the second target region.
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