CN117774304A - Multi-nozzle special material automatic rotation and replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents
Multi-nozzle special material automatic rotation and replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117774304A CN117774304A CN202311574437.1A CN202311574437A CN117774304A CN 117774304 A CN117774304 A CN 117774304A CN 202311574437 A CN202311574437 A CN 202311574437A CN 117774304 A CN117774304 A CN 117774304A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for manufacturing a multi-nozzle special engineering plastic additive by automatically rotating and replacing different materials, belonging to the field of additive manufacturing. The X-direction moving system is in threaded connection with the Z-direction moving system, the Z-direction moving system is rigidly connected to the Y-direction moving system through a fastener, the multi-nozzle automatic rotating and replacing system is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving system through a fastener, the extrusion wire feeder is rigidly connected to the Z-direction moving system through a fastener, and the melt printing device is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle automatic rotating and replacing system through a fastener. The invention has the advantages that more than three materials can be printed at the same time, and the printable materials are various and comprise special engineering plastics with high strength, light weight, good heat resistance and the like; adopt the rotatory mode of changing of a plurality of shower nozzles, increased printable space, it is automatic, it is more accurate to print, prints efficiently, prints the finished product quality good, has realized low-cost, high-accuracy material increase manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for manufacturing special engineering plastic additives by automatically rotating and replacing different materials with multiple spray heads.
Background
With the rapid development of global manufacturing industry, 3D printing has a plurality of outstanding advantages of convenience, rapidness, effective reduction of production cost, improvement of production efficiency and the like, and has wide application in the fields of aerospace, rail transit, electronics, biomedicine and the like. The fused deposition technology, called FDM, has the advantages of simple operation, capability of forming complex parts, numerous raw material selections and the like, and is one of the most widely applied 3D printing technologies.
The core principle of the FDM production process is to melt deposit the raw materials to create a new shape. The raw material filaments are fed by a feed wheel into a temperature-controlled nozzle, where after reaching their melting point, the nozzle extrudes the material in the molten state onto a printing table, building up the structural element layer by layer. The special engineering plastic is used as engineering plastic with the long-term use temperature of more than 150 ℃ and outstanding advantages of excellent mechanical property, heat resistance, chemical resistance and the like, and plays an increasingly important role in the selection of the raw materials of FDM.
Most of the existing FDM3D printing equipment is a desktop printer with low precision and small size, and special engineering plastic parts are difficult to mold and expensive, and mainly comprise a single nozzle and a double nozzle. A single jet printer can only print one material at a time, and can not realize multicolor printing and multi-material printing. When the molded part has a suspended portion, the printer needs to print the support structure to function as a support and finally be removed from the finished product. Yet another limitation of single-jet devices is that the body material and the support material can be the same material, which can result in a tighter bond between the body and the support portion, which can be detrimental to later removal of the support portion. In addition, if the selected material is a high-performance special engineering plastic with high price, printing the supporting structure with the same material can greatly increase the cost and cause material waste. The problem of supporting the consumptive material has been solved in the emergence of two shower nozzles printer, but its disposable printable material is only two kinds, still can't satisfy the requirement of polychrome printing. The existing multi-nozzle printer has the nozzles connected on the moving shaft side by side, which greatly influences the moving space of each nozzle, reduces the size of printable parts, and has low printing efficiency and poor quality of printed parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-nozzle special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device and method capable of automatically rotating and replacing different materials, which are used for solving the problems that the existing FDM equipment is difficult in multicolor printing and multi-material printing, special engineering plastic parts are difficult to mold, the movement space of the multi-nozzle is limited, the printable parts are small in size, the printing efficiency is low, the quality of the printed parts is poor, and the equipment cost is high.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the automatic rotary extrusion device comprises an X-direction moving system, a Y-direction moving system, a Z-direction moving system, a multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system and a fused deposition additive manufacturing system, wherein the fused deposition additive manufacturing system comprises an extrusion wire feeding device and a fused printing device, the X-direction moving system is connected with the Z-direction moving system through threads, the Z-direction moving system is rigidly connected with the Y-direction moving system through a fastener, the multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving system through a fastener, the extrusion wire feeding device is rigidly connected with the Z-direction moving system through a fastener, and the fused printing device is rigidly connected with the multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system through a fastener.
The structure of the X-direction motion system is as follows: the first bearing and the second bearing are fixed on a bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device, the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are rigidly connected with the bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device through fasteners, the first shaft and the second shaft are assembled with the first bearing and the second bearing in a transition fit mode, the first shaft and the second shaft are rigidly connected with the first X-direction moving bracket and the second X-direction moving bracket through the fasteners, the first X-direction belt is tightly connected with the first belt pulley and the first idler pulley through the fasteners on the left side and the right side respectively, the first X-direction belt is simultaneously tightly connected with the first X-direction belt fixing seat and the second X-direction belt tensioner through the fasteners, the first X-direction belt fixing seat is rigidly connected with the bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device through the fasteners, the first X-direction belt fixing seat and the first X-direction belt tensioner are connected through bolts, the tensioning degree of the belt is adjusted through adjusting the tightness of the bolts, the first stepping motor is rigidly connected with the first right X-direction moving bracket and the first belt pulley through the fasteners, and the first idler pulley is rigidly connected with the second left X-direction moving bracket through the fasteners; the first stepping motor drives the first belt pulley to rotate and then drives the X-direction belt to rotate, and the X-direction belt is tightly connected with an X-direction belt fixing seat which is rigidly connected with the support of the multi-nozzle rotating device, so that the support of the multi-nozzle rotating device can move in the X direction along the first shaft and the second shaft through the first bearing, the second bearing, the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat by belt transmission.
The Y-direction motion system has the structure that: the section steel I, the section steel II, the section steel III, the section steel IV, the first fixing seat, the second fixing seat, the third fixing seat and the fourth fixing seat are rigidly connected through fasteners to form a bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system, the third bearing, the fourth bearing, the fifth bearing and the sixth bearing are fixedly connected on the Y-direction movement bottom plate through fasteners, the third bearing, the fourth bearing, the fifth bearing, the sixth bearing and the Y-direction movement bottom plate are rigidly connected through fasteners, the third bearing and the sixth bearing are assembled in a transition fit mode, the fourth bearing and the fifth bearing are assembled in a transition fit mode, the third bearing, the first shaft fixing seat, the fourth shaft fixing seat are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the fourth shaft, the second shaft fixing seat and the third shaft fixing seat are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the Y-direction belt is tightly connected with the Y-direction belt fixing seat and the Y-direction belt tensioner through fasteners, the belt pulley II and the idler pulley II are respectively and rigidly connected with a bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the idler pulley mounting seat is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the heating aluminum plate is rigidly connected with the Y-direction movement bottom plate through leveling springs I, leveling springs II, leveling springs III and leveling springs IV distributed at four corners, the heating aluminum plate is provided with a magnet, and the printing substrate is magnetically adsorbed; the stepping motor II can drive the belt pulley II to rotate so as to drive the Y-direction belt to rotate, and the Y-direction belt is tightly connected with the Y-direction belt fixing seat which is rigidly connected with the Y-direction movement base plate, so that the belt transmission enables the Y-direction movement base plate to move along the Y-direction along the shaft III and the shaft IV by the belt transmission, and the bearing III, the bearing IV, the bearing V, the bearing VI, the bearing seat III, the bearing seat IV, the bearing seat V and the bearing seat VI to move along the Y-direction.
The structure of the Z-direction motion system provided by the invention is as follows: the steel section five and steel section six are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through the angle brace I and the angle brace II, the steel section seven is rigidly connected with the steel section five and steel section six through the angle brace III and the angle brace IV respectively, the left side part coupler I rigidly connects the stepping motor III with the screw rod I, the screw rod I is in threaded engagement with the screw rod nut I, the screw rod nut I is rigidly connected with the X-direction movement bracket I through the fastener, the Z-direction motor fixing seat I is rigidly connected with the stepping motor III through the fastener, the Z-direction motor fixing seat is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through the fastener, the bearing seven is fixed on the X-direction movement bracket I, the bearing seat seven is rigidly connected with the X-direction movement bracket one through the fastener, the shaft five is assembled with the bearing seven in a transition fit mode, the two ends of the shaft five are rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat five and the shaft fixing seat six through the fastener respectively, the shaft fixing seat five and the shaft fixing seat six are respectively and rigidly connected with the profile steel five and the profile steel seven by using fasteners, the right part coupler II rigidly connects the stepping motor four with the screw rod II, the screw rod II is in threaded engagement with the screw rod nut II, the screw rod nut II is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving support II by using the fasteners, the screw rod nut II is completely identical with the screw rod nut I, the Z-direction motor fixing seat II is rigidly connected with the stepping motor four by using the fasteners, the Z-direction motor fixing seat two is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction moving system by using the fasteners, the bearing eight is fixed on the X-direction moving support II, the bearing seat eight is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving support II by using the fasteners, the shaft six is assembled with the bearing eight by adopting a transition fit mode, and two ends of the shaft six are respectively and rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat seven by using the fasteners, the shaft fixing seat eight is connected with the profile steel six and the profile steel seven through fasteners respectively; taking the left Z-direction movement as an example, the stepping motor III drives the coupler I to drive the screw rod I to rotate, and the screw rod I is in threaded engagement transmission with the screw rod nut I rigidly connected with the X-direction movement support I, so that the X-direction movement support moves along the Z-direction along the axis V for a while; the right side movement is identical to the left side movement.
The structure of the multi-nozzle automatic rotating and replacing system provided by the invention is as follows: the servo motor is rigidly connected to the bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device through a fastening piece, the servo motor is rigidly connected with the driving shaft through a coupling III, corresponding threads are manufactured on the driving shaft and the incomplete gear, the incomplete gear is mutually meshed with the driven wheel, corresponding threads are manufactured on the driven shaft and the driven wheel, one end of the driven shaft is welded and fixed with the multi-nozzle fixing device through the threaded fit connection, the other end of the driven shaft forms clearance fit with a corresponding hole on the bracket of the nozzle rotating device and can freely rotate, a nozzle mounting seat is arranged on the side face of the multi-nozzle fixing device, an angle spiral meter sensor is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle fixing device through the fastening piece, and the cooling fan is rigidly connected under the multi-nozzle fixing device through the fastening piece; the servo motor is controlled by the singlechip, can realize that the forward and reverse directions, when the current printing position needs to be changed the shower nozzle, the servo motor is firstly reversed, drive the driving shaft through the coupling III and then drive incomplete gear to rotate reversely, then rotate with the driven wheel of incomplete gear intermeshing, and then drive the driven shaft to rotate, then rotate with the multi-shower-head fixing device of driven shaft welded fastening, let the initial shower nozzle reach the current printing position, accomplish the initial shower nozzle recovery process of printing, then, the servo motor is again rotated forward, drive the driving shaft through the coupling III and then drive incomplete gear forward rotation, then rotate with the driven wheel of incomplete gear intermeshing, and then drive the driven shaft to rotate, then rotate with the multi-shower-head fixing device of driven shaft welded fastening, let required shower nozzle reach the current printing position, accomplish the replacement process of required shower nozzle, if the current shower nozzle is just initial printing shower nozzle, then when the required shower nozzle is changed, the servo motor need not reverse and carry out initial printing shower nozzle recovery process, otherwise, all need carry out initial printing shower nozzle recovery process before every time changing the shower nozzle, so as to avoid the mutual winding between the wire.
The fused deposition additive manufacturing system comprises an extrusion wire feeding device and a fused printing device, wherein the extrusion wire feeding device comprises a certain number of wire feeding parts, the fused printing device comprises a certain number of spray heads, and the number of the wire feeding parts is equal to that of the spray heads.
The invention provides a wire feeding device, which comprises four wire feeding parts, namely a first wire feeding part, a second wire feeding part, a third wire feeding part and a fourth wire feeding part, wherein the structures of the wire feeding parts are the same, and the structure of the first wire feeding part is as follows: the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are connected through a fastener, the extrusion driving wheel I is arranged on the extrusion lever I, the extrusion driving wheel I can roll freely, the extrusion lever I is connected with the step motor IV and the extrusion driving wheel I through the fastener, the step motor IV is connected with the extrusion driving wheel I through the fastener, the extrusion spring I is used for adjusting extrusion pressure and friction through the fastener, the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are reduced through tightening the fastener, so that extrusion pressure and friction between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are increased, otherwise, the fastener is loosened, the distance between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I is increased, so that extrusion pressure and friction between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are reduced, and the extruder body I and the profile steel seven are connected through the fastener in a rigid mode; taking the wire feeding of the wire feeding part I as an example, the wire I enters from a wire feeding hole on the right side of the extruder main body I, the stepping motor IV drives the extrusion driving wheel I which is fixedly connected with the stepping motor IV to rotate, and the wire I is conveyed by the friction force between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driven wheel I on the extrusion lever I, so that the wire I is fed out from the wire feeding hole on the left side of the extruder main body I; the structure and the wire feeding process of the other wire feeding parts are consistent with those of the first wire feeding part.
The number of the spray heads is four, the spray heads comprise a first spray head, a second spray head, a third spray head and a fourth spray head, and the spray heads have the same structure, wherein the first spray head has the following structure: the first heat dissipation part is in threaded connection with the first throat pipe, the first heating block and the first throat pipe are in threaded connection, the first nozzle is in threaded connection with the first heating block, the first heating block is inserted with the first heating rod and the first temperature sensor, the first heat dissipation part is matched with a nozzle mounting seat on the side surface of the multi-nozzle fixing device, and the first heat dissipation part is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle fixing device through a fastener by using a pressing piece, so that the first nozzle is mounted; taking the melt extrusion process of the first nozzle as an example, the wire I conveyed remotely enters from a wire inlet at the upper end of the first heat dissipation part, reaches the first heating block through the first throat pipe, heats the first heating block to melt the material and extrudes the material from the first nozzle, and the first heat dissipation part has the function of preventing the temperature of the first heating block from being transmitted to the first throat pipe, so that the wire I is melted in advance in the first throat pipe to block the first throat pipe, the conveying process of the material is hindered, and the first temperature sensor detects the temperature of the first heating block in real time and feeds back a signal to the heating system to perform real-time compensation; the structure of the other spray heads and the melt extrusion process are identical to those of the first spray head.
The printing temperature of the first nozzle is 270-450 ℃.
A material-increasing manufacturing method for automatically rotating and replacing special engineering plastics by using multiple spray heads and different materials comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the number of the spray heads required by the printed parts, installing extrusion wire feeding devices and fusion printing devices with corresponding numbers, respectively conveying different materials required by printing by using different wire feeding parts, and manually inserting wires conveyed from a remote place into wire feeding ports of different spray heads;
(2) Three-dimensional modeling is carried out on parts to be printed, the model is converted into an STL format file, the STL format file is imported into slicing software for layered slicing and printing path planning, corresponding printing spray heads are arranged on different printed materials, proper printing parameters are selected according to the required requirement, and the obtained Gcode file is imported into a computer control program of a special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device with multiple spray heads and automatic rotation and replacement of different materials;
(3) The printer starts to work, the computer control program controls the heating aluminum plate and the heating rods of all the spray heads to heat, so that the temperature of the printing substrate is increased to the required temperature, the temperature of each spray head heating block can melt the corresponding material, the stepping motor III and the stepping motor IV of the Z-direction movement system rotate, the X-direction movement support I and the X-direction movement support II are lowered to proper heights, and the servo motor rotates, so that the initial printing spray head reaches an initial printing position;
(4) Starting to print a first layer, spraying molten material from a nozzle of an initial printing spray head and depositing the molten material on a printing substrate, starting to work by a cooling fan, controlling a stepping motor II of a Y-direction movement system to rotate according to a path planned by slicing software, controlling the printing substrate to move back and forth, controlling a stepping motor I of an X-direction movement system to rotate, and controlling a multi-spray head rotating device bracket to further control the initial printing spray head arranged on the bracket to move left and right, so that printing of the first layer is realized;
(5) When the printing of the first layer is finished, the third stepping motor and the fourth stepping motor of the Z-direction movement system rotate to enable the first X-direction movement support and the second X-direction movement support to rise to a proper height, and further enable the spray head to rise to a printing layer height h, and then the second layer starts to be printed, so that the second layer is pushed, printed layer by layer and stacked to form;
(6) In the printing process of each layer, when the current printing position needs to be changed, the current printing position stops spinning, the servo motor reverses, so that the incomplete gear reversely rotates for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel to rotate, the initial printing position is reached by the initial printing position, the initial printing position recovery process is completed, then the servo motor positively rotates, the incomplete gear positively rotates for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel to rotate, the required nozzle reaches the current printing position, the required nozzle replacement process is completed, the nozzle of the required nozzle sprays molten material, and printing is continued. If the current printing nozzle is the initial printing nozzle, the servo motor does not need to reverse to perform the initial printing nozzle recovery process when the nozzle required to be replaced;
(7) And after printing, taking down the model from the printing substrate by a shovel, and carrying out support removing treatment on the model according to the type of the support material, such as stripping by hand, water dissolving and the like, and waiting for subsequent processing of the model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the multi-nozzle special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device capable of automatically rotating and replacing the special engineering plastic additive solves the problems of multi-material printing and multicolor printing, can print more than three materials simultaneously, can print various materials, comprises special engineering plastics with high strength, light weight, good heat resistance and the like, and has different physical and mechanical properties from single materials through stacking and combining the materials. Thus, by combining different materials, a "new material" can be created that has different properties. This advantage provides us with the ability to control the physical, mechanical and structural properties of the article by controlling the distribution of the material, thereby enabling a wide variety of printed articles to be produced.
The invention has the advantages of modularized design, convenient replacement of parts such as the multi-nozzle fixing device and the like, adaptation of different numbers of nozzles according to actual needs, high practicality, unit debugging and upgrading, maintenance cost reduction and simple maintenance.
The plurality of spray heads adopt a rotary replacement mode, so that the printable space is increased, and the process of replacing the spray heads is rapid and high in efficiency.
The transmission precision of the transmission piece is very high, the multi-nozzle automatic rotating and replacing system is controlled by adopting a servo motor, the operation of the whole equipment is controlled by adopting a computer control program, the full automation is realized, the printing is more accurate, the printing efficiency is high, and the quality of a printed finished product is good.
The device provided by the invention has the advantages of capability of customizing the size according to the requirement, simple structure, capability of being manually built by self, convenience in learning and easiness in operation, and realizes low-cost and high-precision additive manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the X-ray motion system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the X-ray motion system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the assembly of the X-belt mount and tensioner of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the assembly of the Y-direction belt anchor and tensioner of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the Y-direction motion system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the Y-direction motion system of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the Z-motion system of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a rear view of the Z-motion system of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a detail view of the first lead screw nut of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a multiple spray head automatic rotation changing system of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram of the assembly of an incomplete gear with a driven wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a detail view of the multi-jet head fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a component view of a cooling fan of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is an assembly view of an extrusion part one of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a component view of a first sprinkler head of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a top view of a sliced layer of the deep groove ball bearing of the present invention at a height of 2 cm;
fig. 18 is a schematic illustration of the present invention with four materials printed deep groove ball bearings.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the system comprises an X-direction moving system 1, a Y-direction moving system 2, a Z-direction moving system 3, a multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system 4 and a fused deposition additive manufacturing system 5, wherein the fused deposition additive manufacturing system 5 comprises an extrusion wire feeder 5100 and a fused printing device 5200, the X-direction moving system 1 and the Z-direction moving system 3 are connected through threads, the Z-direction moving system 3 is rigidly connected to the Y-direction moving system 2 through fasteners, the multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system 4 and the X-direction moving system 1 are rigidly connected through fasteners, the extrusion wire feeder 5100 is rigidly connected to the Z-direction moving system 3 through fasteners, and the fused printing device 5200 is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system 4 through fasteners.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the X-direction motion system 1 has the following structure: the first bearing 103 and the second bearing 104 are fixed on the multi-nozzle rotating device support 401, the first bearing seat 105 and the second bearing seat 106 are rigidly connected with the multi-nozzle rotating device support 401 through fasteners, the first shaft 101 and the second shaft 102 are assembled with the first bearing 103 and the second bearing 104 in a transitional fit mode, the first shaft 101 and the second shaft 102 are rigidly connected with the first X-direction moving support 107 and the second X-direction moving support 108 through fasteners on the left side and the right side respectively, the first X-direction belt 109 is tightly connected with the first belt pulley 110 and the first idler pulley 111 through fasteners on the left side and the right side respectively, the first X-direction belt 109 is tightly connected with the first X-direction belt fixing seat 112 and the second X-direction belt tensioner 113 through fasteners, the first X-direction belt fixing seat 112 is rigidly connected with the multi-nozzle rotating device support 401 through fasteners, the first X-direction belt fixing seat 112 and the first X-direction belt tensioner 113 are rigidly connected with the first bearing seat 401 through bolts 114 through bolts, the tensioning degree of the tension of the bolts is adjusted, the first stepping motor 115 is rigidly connected with the first X-direction moving support 107 and the first pulley 110 on the left side through fasteners, the first pulley 111 is rigidly connected with the second pulley 108 through fasteners, the first stepping motor 115 drives the first pulley 115 to rotate the first pulley 103 to rotate, the first bearing seat 103 and the second pulley 109 is further the first bearing seat 101 is rotatably connected with the first bearing seat 101 and the second bearing seat 101 is further rigidly connected with the first bearing seat 101 and the second bearing seat 101 through the second pulley is rigidly.
As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the Y-direction motion system 2 has the following structure: the section steel I201, the section steel II 202, the section steel III 203, the section steel IV 204 are rigidly connected with the first fixing seat 205, the second fixing seat 206, the third fixing seat 207 and the fourth fixing seat 208 through fasteners to form a bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system, the bearing III 211, the bearing IV 212, the bearing V213 and the bearing VI 214 are fixed on the Y-direction movement bottom plate 215, the bearing III 216, the bearing IV 217, the bearing V218, the bearing VI 219 and the Y-direction movement bottom plate 215 are rigidly connected through fasteners, the shaft III 209 is assembled with the bearing III 211 and the bearing VI 214 in a transition fit mode, the shaft IV 210 is assembled with the bearing IV 212 and the bearing V213 in a transition fit mode, the shaft III 209 is rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat I220 and the shaft fixing seat IV 223 through fasteners to the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system, the shaft IV 210 is rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat II 221 and the shaft fixing seat III 222 through fasteners to the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system, the Y-direction belt 224 is tightly connected with the Y-direction belt fixing seat 225 and the Y-direction belt tensioner 226 through a fastener, is tightly connected with the belt pulley II 228 and the idler pulley II 229 through a fastener, is connected between the Y-direction belt fixing seat 225 and the Y-direction belt tensioner 226 through a bolt II 227, the tension degree of the belt is adjusted through adjusting the tightness of the bolt, the stepping motor II 230 is rigidly connected with the Y-direction motor fixing seat 231 through a fastener, the Y-direction motor fixing seat 231 is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through a fastener, the belt pulley II 228 and the idler pulley II 229 are rigidly connected with the stepping motor II 230 and the idler pulley mounting seat 232 through fasteners, the idler pulley mounting seat 232 is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, and the heating aluminum plate 233 is rigidly connected with the leveling springs I234, the leveling springs II 235 distributed at four corners, the third leveling spring 236 and the fourth leveling spring 237 are rigidly connected with the Y-direction moving base plate 215, the magnet is arranged on the heating aluminum plate 233, the printing base plate 238 is magnetically adsorbed, the second stepping motor 230 can drive the second belt pulley 228 to rotate, so that the second belt pulley 224 is driven to rotate, the Y-direction belt 224 is tightly connected with the Y-direction belt fixing seat 225 rigidly connected with the Y-direction moving base plate 215, and therefore the belt transmission enables the Y-direction moving base plate 215 to move along the Y-direction along the shaft three 209 and the shaft four 210 with the bearing three 211, the bearing four 212, the bearing five 213, the bearing six 214, the bearing three 216, the bearing four 217, the bearing five 218 and the bearing six 219.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the Z-direction movement system 3 has the following structure: the steel section V301 and the steel section V302 are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction motion system through the first angle bracket 303 and the second angle bracket 304 by a fastener, the steel section V305 is rigidly connected with the steel section V301 and the steel section V302 through the third angle bracket 306 and the fourth angle bracket 307 by a fastener respectively, the left part coupler I308 rigidly connects the step motor III 309 with the first screw rod 310, the first screw rod 310 is in threaded engagement with the first screw rod nut 311, the first screw rod nut 311 is rigidly connected with the first X-direction motion bracket 107 by a fastener, the first screw rod nut 311 is rigidly connected with the step motor III 309 by a fastener as shown in figure 10, the first Z-direction motor fixing seat 312 is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction motion system by a fastener, the bearing V314 is fixed on the first X-direction motion bracket 107, the bearing seat V315 is rigidly connected with the first X-direction motion bracket 107 by a fastener, the shaft five 313 and the bearing seven 314 are assembled in a transition fit mode, two ends of the shaft five 313 are respectively and rigidly connected to a shaft fixing seat five 316 and a shaft fixing seat six 317 by fasteners, the shaft fixing seat five 316 and the shaft fixing seat six 317 are respectively and rigidly connected with a profile steel five 301 and a profile steel seven 305 by fasteners, a right side part coupler two 318 rigidly connects a stepping motor four 319 and a screw two 320 together, the screw two 320 is in threaded engagement with a screw nut two 321, the screw nut two 321 is rigidly connected to an X-direction moving bracket two 108 by fasteners, the screw nut two 321 is identical to the screw nut one 311, a Z-direction motor fixing seat two 322 is rigidly connected with a stepping motor four 319 by fasteners, the Z-direction motor fixing seat two 322 is rigidly connected to a bottom frame of a Y-direction moving system by fasteners, the bearing eight 324 is fixed on the X-direction moving bracket two 108, the bearing seat eight 325 is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving bracket two 108 by a fastener, the shaft six 323 and the bearing eight 324 are assembled in a transition fit mode, two ends of the shaft six 323 are rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat seven 326 and the shaft fixing seat eight 327 by fasteners respectively, the shaft fixing seat seven 326 and the shaft fixing seat eight 327 are rigidly connected with the profile steel six 302 and the profile steel seven 305 by fasteners respectively, the step motor three 309 drives the coupler one 308 to drive the screw one 310 to rotate by taking the left Z-direction movement as an example, and screw one 310 is in threaded engagement transmission with screw nut one 311 rigidly connected with the X-direction moving bracket one 107, so that the X-direction moving bracket one 107 can move along the shaft five 313 in the Z direction, and the right-side movement is completely the same as the left-side movement.
In summary, the motion system has X, Y, Z three axial motions.
As shown in fig. 11, the structure of the multi-nozzle automatic rotation replacement system 4 is as follows: the servo motor 402 is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle rotating device bracket 401 by a fastener, the servo motor 402 and the driving shaft 404 are rigidly connected together by a third coupling 403, corresponding threads are manufactured on the driving shaft 404 and the incomplete gear 405, the incomplete gear 405 and the driven wheel 406 are meshed with each other by the threaded fit connection, the driven shaft 407 and the driven wheel 406 are correspondingly manufactured on the threads as shown in figure 12, one end of the driven shaft 407 is welded and fixed with the multi-nozzle fixing device 408, the other end forms clearance fit with a corresponding hole on the nozzle rotating device bracket 401, the nozzle mounting seat is arranged on the side of the multi-nozzle fixing device 408, the angular screw sensor 409 is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle fixing device 408 by the fastener as shown in figure 13, the cooling fan 410 is rigidly connected under the multi-nozzle fixing device 408 by the fastener as shown in figure 14, the servo motor 402 is controlled by a single chip microcomputer, so that the servo motor 402 can realize forward and reverse directions, when the nozzle of the current printing position needs to be replaced, the servo motor 402 firstly reverses, the driving shaft 404 is driven by the coupling III 403 to further drive the incomplete gear 405 to reversely rotate, then the driven wheel 406 meshed with the incomplete gear 405 rotates to further drive the driven shaft 407 to rotate, then the multi-nozzle fixing device 408 welded and fixed with the driven shaft 407 rotates, the initial printing nozzle reaches the current printing position to complete the recovery process of the initial printing nozzle, then the servo motor 402 forwards rotates again, the driving shaft 404 is driven by the coupling III 403 to further drive the incomplete gear 405 to positively rotate, then the driven wheel 406 meshed with the incomplete gear 405 rotates to further drive the driven shaft 407 to rotate, then the multi-nozzle fixing device 408 welded and fixed with the driven shaft 407 rotates, let required shower nozzle reach current printing position, accomplish the change process of required shower nozzle, if the shower nozzle is just originally printed the shower nozzle at present, then when changing required shower nozzle, servo motor 402 need not to reverse and carries out initial printing shower nozzle and reply the process, otherwise all need carry out initial printing shower nozzle and reply the process before changing the shower nozzle at every turn to avoid the intertwine between the wire, angle spiral instrument sensor 409 measures the rotation angle of many shower nozzle fixing device 408 in real time, and carries out real-time compensation with the signal feedback to servo motor 402.
The side surface of the multi-nozzle fixing device is provided with the nozzle installation seats with an indefinite number, and the multi-nozzle fixing device with the nozzle installation seats with the corresponding number is selected according to actual needs; the extrusion wire feeding device consists of a variable number of wire feeding parts, the melt printing device consists of a variable number of spray heads, and the number of the wire feeding parts and the number of the spray heads are selected according to the actual situation.
The angle spiral meter sensor 409 measures the rotation angle of the multi-nozzle fixing device in real time and feeds signals back to the servo motor for real-time compensation; the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the heating block in real time and feeds back signals to the heating system for real-time compensation; according to the invention, a remote wire feeding mode is adopted, and in the printing process, if a wire is cut off when the need is met, the wire between the wire feeding part and the nozzle is directly cut off manually by using scissors, so that the operation is convenient and quick; the three-axis linear motion and the rotary motion of the multi-nozzle rotary device are controlled in a high-precision mode, the two Z axes move simultaneously, and the repeated positioning precision is high; the spray nozzle of the spray head can be selected to have the highest printing temperature of 450 ℃, can print high-temperature spray nozzles of high-performance special engineering plastics, can also be selected to have the highest printing temperature of 270 ℃ and can print a plurality of materials; the bending stress and the contact stress which can be born by the incomplete gear can reach 1.5GPa, so that the accuracy and the reliability of transmission are ensured.
The fused deposition additive manufacturing system 5 includes an extrusion wire feeder 5100 and a fused printing device 5200, in fig. 18 of the present invention, taking a special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device with four spray heads for automatic rotation and replacement, the extrusion wire feeder 5100 includes a first wire feeding portion 5110, a second wire feeding portion 5120, a third wire feeding portion 5130 and a fourth wire feeding portion 5140, and the fused printing device 5200 includes a first spray head 5210, a second spray head 5220, a third spray head 5230 and a fourth spray head 5240.
As shown in fig. 15, the wire feeding portion one 5100 has the following structure: the step motor IV 5111 is rigidly connected with the extruder main body I5112 through a fastener, the extrusion lever I5113 is provided with the extrusion driven wheel I5116, the extrusion driven wheel I5116 can freely roll, the extrusion lever I5113 is rigidly connected with the step motor IV 5111 and the extruder main body I5112 through the fastener, the step motor IV 5111 is rigidly connected with the extrusion driving wheel I5114 through the fastener, the extrusion spring I5115 adjusts extrusion pressure and friction force through the fastener, the specific operation is that the extrusion driving wheel I5114 and the extrusion driven wheel I5116 are reduced through tightening the fastener, the extrusion pressure and friction force between the extrusion driving wheel I5114 and the extrusion driven wheel I5116 are increased, the extrusion pressure and friction force between the extrusion driving wheel I5114 and the extrusion driven wheel I5116 are reduced, the extruder main body I5112 and the profile steel seven are rigidly connected through the fastener, the wire feeding hole on the right side of the extruder main body I5112 is taken as an example, the extrusion driving wheel I5117 is driven by the step motor IV 5111 to rotate the extrusion driving wheel I5114 which is tightly connected with the fastener, and the extrusion driving wheel I5117 is driven by the rotation of the extrusion driving wheel I5113 on the right side of the extruder main body I5112, and the extrusion driving wheel I5117 is driven by the friction force between the extrusion driving wheel I5117 and the extrusion driving wheel I5117 is realized;
The structure and the wire feeding process of the wire feeding part II 5120, the wire feeding part III 5130 and the wire feeding part IV 5140 are consistent with those of the wire feeding part one 5100; as shown in fig. 16, the first nozzle 5210 has the following structure: the heat dissipation part I5211 is connected with the throat pipe I5212 through threads, the heating block I5213 and the throat pipe I5212 are connected through threads, the nozzle I5214 is connected to the heating block I5213 through threads, the heating block I5213 is inserted with the heating rod I5215 and the temperature sensor I5216, the heat dissipation part I5211 is matched with a nozzle mounting seat on the side face of the multi-nozzle fixing device 408, the pressing piece I5217 is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle fixing device 408 through a fastener, the installation of the nozzle I5210 is completed, the melting extrusion process of the nozzle I5210 is taken as an example, the remotely conveyed wire I5117 enters from a wire inlet at the upper end of the heat dissipation part I5211, reaches the heating block I5213 through the throat pipe I5212, the heating rod I5215 heats the heating block I5213 to melt materials and is extruded from the nozzle I5214, the heat dissipation part I5211 is used for preventing the temperature of the heating block I5213 from being transferred to the throat pipe I5212, the wire I5117 is melted in the throat pipe I5212, the temperature of the throat pipe I5212 is blocked, the temperature of the temperature sensor I5212 is prevented from being conveyed, and the temperature sensor is fed back to the heating block I5216, and a real-time signal is fed back to the heating system is detected, and the temperature is fed back to the heating system is performed, and the temperature is detected. The structure and melt extrusion process of the second head 5220, the third head 5230, the fourth head 5240 are identical to those of the first head 5210.
A manufacturing method for automatically rotating and replacing special engineering plastic additive based on multi-nozzle special materials comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the number of the spray heads required by the printed parts, installing a corresponding number of extrusion wire feeding devices 5100 and melt printing devices 5200, respectively conveying different materials required by printing by using different wire feeding parts, and manually inserting wires conveyed from a remote place into wire feeding ports of different spray heads;
(2) Three-dimensional modeling is carried out on parts to be printed, the model is converted into an STL format file, the STL format file is imported into slicing software for layered slicing and printing path planning, corresponding printing spray heads are arranged on different printed materials, proper printing parameters are selected according to the required requirement, and the obtained Gcode file is imported into a computer control program of a special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device with multiple spray heads and automatic rotation and replacement of different materials;
(3) The printer starts to work, the computer control program controls the heating aluminum plate 233 and the heating rods of all the spray heads to heat, so that the temperature of the printing substrate 238 is increased to the required temperature, the temperature of each spray head heating block can melt the corresponding materials, the stepping motor III 309 and the stepping motor IV 319 of the Z-direction moving system 3 rotate, the X-direction moving support I107 and the X-direction moving support II 108 descend to the proper heights, and the servo motor 402 rotates, so that the initial printing spray heads reach the initial printing sites.
(4) The first layer is printed, molten material is sprayed from the nozzles of the initial printing spray head and deposited on the printing substrate 238, the cooling fan 410 starts to work, the second stepping motor 230 of the Y-direction moving system 2 rotates according to the path planned by the slicing software, the printing substrate 238 is controlled to move back and forth, the first stepping motor 115 of the X-direction moving system 1 rotates, the multi-spray head rotating device support 401 is controlled to further control the initial printing spray head mounted on the support to move left and right, and therefore printing of the first layer is achieved.
(5) When the printing of the first layer is finished, the third 309 and fourth 319 stepping motors of the Z-direction moving system 3 rotate to enable the first 107 and second 108X-direction moving brackets to rise to a proper height, and further enable the spray head to rise to a printing layer height h, and then start to print the second layer, so that the second layer is pushed, printed layer by layer and stacked and formed.
(6) In the printing process of each layer, when the current printing position needs to be changed, the current printing position stops spinning, the servo motor 402 reverses, the incomplete gear 405 reversely rotates for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the initial printing position is reached by the initial printing position, the initial printing position recovery process is completed, then the servo motor 402 positively rotates, the incomplete gear 405 positively rotates for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the required nozzle reaches the current printing position, the required nozzle changing process is completed, the molten material is sprayed by the nozzle of the required nozzle, and printing is continued. If the current print head is the initial print head, then the servo motor 402 does not need to reverse to perform the initial print head recovery process when the desired head is replaced.
(7) After printing, the model is removed from the printing substrate 238 by a shovel, and the model is subjected to a support removing treatment according to the type of the support material, such as stripping by hand, water dissolution, etc., and waiting for the subsequent processing of the model.
The printing process of the special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device with multiple spray heads and special materials automatically rotated and replaced is described below with reference to a specific printing example.
As shown in fig. 17 and 18, the printing part selected is a deep groove ball bearing 6, which is composed of three parts, the outer bearing ring 601 is printed with yellow PLA620, the inner bearing ring 603 is printed with blue PLA630, the balls 602 are printed with black PEEK610, and the support structure is printed with water-soluble material white PVA 640.
(1) Four materials are needed for printing the deep groove ball bearing 6, a first wire feeding part 5110, a second wire feeding part 5120, a third wire feeding part 5130 and a fourth wire feeding part 5140 are arranged on a profile steel seven 305, a first spray head 5210, a second spray head 5220, a third spray head 5230 and a fourth spray head 5240 are arranged on the side face of a multi-spray head fixing device 408 with corresponding spray head installation seats, wherein the first spray head 5210 is a high-temperature spray head capable of printing special engineering plastics, the highest printing temperature can reach 450 ℃, the second spray head 5220, the third spray head 5230 and the fourth spray head 5240 are low-temperature spray heads, the highest printing temperature is 270 ℃, black PEEK610, yellow PLA620, blue PLA630 and white PVA640 wires are respectively conveyed through the first wire feeding part 5110, the second wire feeding part 5120, the third wire feeding part 5130 and the fourth wire feeding part 5140, and the black PEEK610, yellow PLA620, blue PLA630 and white PVA640 wires which are conveyed in a remote mode are respectively inserted into the spray heads 5210, the second spray head 5220 and the fourth spray head 5230 and the fourth spray head 40;
(2) Modeling the deep groove ball bearing 6 to be printed by using three-dimensional modeling software, converting the model into an STL format file, then leading the STL format file into slicing software for layering slicing and printing path planning, setting a first spray head 5210 to print black PEEK610 material, setting a second spray head 5220 to print yellow PLA620 material, setting a third spray head 5230 to print blue PLA630 material, setting a fourth spray head 5240 to print white PVA640 material, setting an initial printing spray head as the fourth spray head 5240, selecting proper printing parameters such as printing layer height, printing speed, filling rate and the like according to the required requirement, and leading the obtained Gcode file into a computer control program of the special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device with multiple spray heads for automatic rotation and replacement of different materials;
(3) The printer starts to work, the computer control program controls the heating aluminum plate 233 and the heating rods of all the spray heads to heat, so that the temperature of the printing substrate 238 is increased to the required temperature, the temperature of each spray head heating block can melt the corresponding materials, the stepping motor III 309 and the stepping motor IV 319 of the Z-direction moving system 3 rotate, the X-direction moving support I107 and the X-direction moving support II 108 are lowered to proper heights, the servo motor 402 rotates, and the initial printing spray head, namely the spray head IV 5240, reaches an initial printing position;
(4) The first layer is printed, the first layer is a supporting part, molten PVA is sprayed out from a nozzle of a spray head IV 5240 and deposited on a printing substrate 238, a cooling fan 410 starts to work, a stepping motor II 230 of a Y-direction movement system 2 rotates according to a path planned by slicing software, the printing substrate 238 is controlled to move back and forth, a stepping motor I115 of an X-direction movement system 1 rotates, a multi-spray head rotating device bracket 401 is controlled to further control a spray head IV 5240 arranged on the multi-spray head rotating device bracket to move left and right, and therefore printing of the first layer is achieved;
(5) When the printing of the first layer is finished, the third 309 and fourth 319 stepping motors of the Z-direction moving system 3 rotate to enable the first 107 and second 108X-direction moving brackets to rise to proper heights, and further enable the fourth 5240 nozzle to rise to a printing layer height h, then the second layer starts to be printed, and the second layer is pushed, printed layer by layer and stacked to form;
(6) Taking the sliced layer in fig. 17 as an example, the process of replacing printing of different materials is described, in the printing before the layer, the current printing nozzle is replaced by a third nozzle 5230, when the third nozzle 5230 is raised to a proper height for printing the layer, the servo motor 402 is reversed, the incomplete gear 405 is reversely rotated for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the fourth nozzle 5240 reaches the current printing position, the initial printing nozzle recovery process is completed, then the servo motor 402 is positively rotated, the incomplete gear 405 is positively rotated for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the second nozzle 5220 reaches the current printing position, the required nozzle replacement process is completed, the nozzle of the second nozzle 5220 ejects molten yellow PLA620 material, the outer ring 601 begins to be printed according to the path planned by the slicing software, after the outer ring 601 is printed, the second nozzle 5220 stops spinning, the servo motor 402 is reversed, the incomplete gear 405 is reversely rotated for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the spray head four 5240 reaches the current printing position, the initial printing spray head recovery process is completed, then the servo motor 402 is rotated forward, the incomplete gear 405 is rotated forward for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the spray head one 5210 reaches the current printing position, the required spray head replacement process is completed, the spray nozzle of the spray head one 5210 sprays molten black PEEK610 material, the ball 602 is continuously printed according to a path planned by slicing software, after the ball 602 is printed, the spray head one 5210 stops spinning, the servo motor 402 is rotated reversely, the incomplete gear 405 is rotated reversely for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the spray head four 5240 reaches the current printing position, the initial printing spray head recovery process is completed, then the servo motor 402 is rotated forward, the incomplete gear 405 is rotated forward for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel 406 to rotate, so that the third nozzle 5230 reaches the current printing position to finish the required nozzle replacement process, the nozzle of the third nozzle 5230 sprays molten blue PLA630 material, the inner ring 603 is continuously printed according to the path planned by the slicing software, after the inner ring 603 is printed, the third nozzle 5230 stops spinning, and as the layer does not need to print a supporting part, the third nozzle 5230 continuously rises by one printing layer height h to start printing the next layer;
(7) After printing, the former is removed from the printing substrate 238 by a spatula, immersed in water and waiting for dissolution of the PVA support material, and after all the support portions are completely dissolved, the former is taken out and dried, and then the former is subjected to subsequent processing as required.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a special engineering plastics additive manufacturing installation of special engineering plastics of many shower nozzles abnormal material autogiration change which characterized in that: the automatic rotary extrusion device comprises an X-direction moving system, a Y-direction moving system, a Z-direction moving system, a multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system and a fused deposition additive manufacturing system, wherein the fused deposition additive manufacturing system comprises an extrusion wire feeding device and a fused printing device, the X-direction moving system is connected with the Z-direction moving system through threads, the Z-direction moving system is rigidly connected with the Y-direction moving system through a fastener, the multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving system through a fastener, the extrusion wire feeding device is rigidly connected with the Z-direction moving system through a fastener, and the fused printing device is rigidly connected with the multi-nozzle automatic rotary replacing system through a fastener.
2. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the structure of the X-direction motion system is as follows: the first bearing and the second bearing are fixed on a bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device, the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are rigidly connected with the bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device through fasteners, the first shaft and the second shaft are assembled with the first bearing and the second bearing in a transition fit mode, the first shaft and the second shaft are rigidly connected with the first X-direction moving bracket and the second X-direction moving bracket through the fasteners, the first X-direction belt is tightly connected with the first belt pulley and the first idler pulley through the fasteners on the left side and the right side respectively, the first X-direction belt is simultaneously tightly connected with the first X-direction belt fixing seat and the second X-direction belt tensioner through the fasteners, the first X-direction belt fixing seat is rigidly connected with the bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device through the fasteners, the first X-direction belt fixing seat and the first X-direction belt tensioner are connected through bolts, the tensioning degree of the belt is adjusted through adjusting the tightness of the bolts, the first stepping motor is rigidly connected with the first right X-direction moving bracket and the first belt pulley through the fasteners, and the first idler pulley is rigidly connected with the second left X-direction moving bracket through the fasteners; the first stepping motor drives the first belt pulley to rotate and then drives the X-direction belt to rotate, and the X-direction belt is tightly connected with an X-direction belt fixing seat which is rigidly connected with the support of the multi-nozzle rotating device, so that the support of the multi-nozzle rotating device can move in the X direction along the first shaft and the second shaft through the first bearing, the second bearing, the first bearing seat and the second bearing seat by belt transmission.
3. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the Y-direction movement system has the structure that: the section steel I, the section steel II, the section steel III, the section steel IV, the first fixing seat, the second fixing seat, the third fixing seat and the fourth fixing seat are rigidly connected through fasteners to form a bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system, the third bearing, the fourth bearing, the fifth bearing and the sixth bearing are fixedly connected on the Y-direction movement bottom plate through fasteners, the third bearing, the fourth bearing, the fifth bearing, the sixth bearing and the Y-direction movement bottom plate are rigidly connected through fasteners, the third bearing and the sixth bearing are assembled in a transition fit mode, the fourth bearing and the fifth bearing are assembled in a transition fit mode, the third bearing, the first shaft fixing seat, the fourth shaft fixing seat are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the fourth shaft, the second shaft fixing seat and the third shaft fixing seat are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the Y-direction belt is tightly connected with the Y-direction belt fixing seat and the Y-direction belt tensioner through fasteners, the belt pulley II and the idler pulley II are respectively and rigidly connected with a bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the idler pulley mounting seat is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through fasteners, the heating aluminum plate is rigidly connected with the Y-direction movement bottom plate through leveling springs I, leveling springs II, leveling springs III and leveling springs IV distributed at four corners, the heating aluminum plate is provided with a magnet, and the printing substrate is magnetically adsorbed; the stepping motor II can drive the belt pulley II to rotate so as to drive the Y-direction belt to rotate, and the Y-direction belt is tightly connected with the Y-direction belt fixing seat which is rigidly connected with the Y-direction movement base plate, so that the belt transmission enables the Y-direction movement base plate to move along the Y-direction along the shaft III and the shaft IV by the belt transmission, and the bearing III, the bearing IV, the bearing V, the bearing VI, the bearing seat III, the bearing seat IV, the bearing seat V and the bearing seat VI to move along the Y-direction.
4. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the structure of the Z-direction motion system is as follows: the steel section five and steel section six are rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through the angle brace I and the angle brace II, the steel section seven is rigidly connected with the steel section five and steel section six through the angle brace III and the angle brace IV respectively, the left side part coupler I rigidly connects the stepping motor III with the screw rod I, the screw rod I is in threaded engagement with the screw rod nut I, the screw rod nut I is rigidly connected with the X-direction movement bracket I through the fastener, the Z-direction motor fixing seat I is rigidly connected with the stepping motor III through the fastener, the Z-direction motor fixing seat is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction movement system through the fastener, the bearing seven is fixed on the X-direction movement bracket I, the bearing seat seven is rigidly connected with the X-direction movement bracket one through the fastener, the shaft five is assembled with the bearing seven in a transition fit mode, the two ends of the shaft five are rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat five and the shaft fixing seat six through the fastener respectively, the shaft fixing seat five and the shaft fixing seat six are respectively and rigidly connected with the profile steel five and the profile steel seven by using fasteners, the right part coupler II rigidly connects the stepping motor four with the screw rod II, the screw rod II is in threaded engagement with the screw rod nut II, the screw rod nut II is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving support II by using the fasteners, the screw rod nut II is completely identical with the screw rod nut I, the Z-direction motor fixing seat II is rigidly connected with the stepping motor four by using the fasteners, the Z-direction motor fixing seat two is rigidly connected with the bottom frame of the Y-direction moving system by using the fasteners, the bearing eight is fixed on the X-direction moving support II, the bearing seat eight is rigidly connected with the X-direction moving support II by using the fasteners, the shaft six is assembled with the bearing eight by adopting a transition fit mode, and two ends of the shaft six are respectively and rigidly connected with the shaft fixing seat seven by using the fasteners, the shaft fixing seat eight is connected with the profile steel six and the profile steel seven through fasteners respectively; the right side Z-direction movement is identical to the left side Z-direction movement, wherein the stepping motor III drives the coupler I and then drives the screw rod I to rotate in the left side Z-direction movement, and screw rod nuts I rigidly connected with the X-direction movement support I are in threaded engagement transmission, so that the X-direction movement support does Z-direction movement along the axis V.
5. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the structure of the multi-nozzle automatic rotating and replacing system is as follows: the servo motor is rigidly connected to the bracket of the multi-nozzle rotating device through a fastening piece, the servo motor is rigidly connected with the driving shaft through a coupling III, corresponding threads are manufactured on the driving shaft and the incomplete gear, the incomplete gear is mutually meshed with the driven wheel, corresponding threads are manufactured on the driven shaft and the driven wheel, one end of the driven shaft is welded and fixed with the multi-nozzle fixing device through the threaded fit connection, the other end of the driven shaft forms clearance fit with a corresponding hole on the bracket of the nozzle rotating device and can freely rotate, a nozzle mounting seat is arranged on the side face of the multi-nozzle fixing device, an angle spiral meter sensor is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle fixing device through the fastening piece, and the cooling fan is rigidly connected under the multi-nozzle fixing device through the fastening piece; the servo motor is controlled by the singlechip, can realize that the forward and reverse directions, when the current printing position needs to be changed the shower nozzle, the servo motor is firstly reversed, drive the driving shaft through the coupling III and then drive incomplete gear to rotate reversely, then rotate with the driven wheel of incomplete gear intermeshing, and then drive the driven shaft to rotate, then rotate with the multi-shower-head fixing device of driven shaft welded fastening, let the initial shower nozzle reach the current printing position, accomplish the initial shower nozzle recovery process of printing, then, the servo motor is again rotated forward, drive the driving shaft through the coupling III and then drive incomplete gear forward rotation, then rotate with the driven wheel of incomplete gear intermeshing, and then drive the driven shaft to rotate, then rotate with the multi-shower-head fixing device of driven shaft welded fastening, let required shower nozzle reach the current printing position, accomplish the replacement process of required shower nozzle, if the current shower nozzle is just initial printing shower nozzle, then when the required shower nozzle is changed, the servo motor need not reverse and carry out initial printing shower nozzle recovery process, otherwise, all need carry out initial printing shower nozzle recovery process before every time changing the shower nozzle, so as to avoid the mutual winding between the wire.
6. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the fused deposition additive manufacturing system comprises an extrusion wire feeding device and a fused printing device, wherein the extrusion wire feeding device comprises a certain number of wire feeding parts, the fused printing device comprises a certain number of spray heads, and the number of the wire feeding parts is equal to that of the spray heads.
7. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the number of the wire feeding parts is four, the wire feeding parts comprise a wire feeding part I, a wire feeding part II, a wire feeding part III and a wire feeding part IV, and the wire feeding parts have the same structure, wherein the structure of the wire feeding part I is as follows: the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are connected through a fastener, the extrusion driving wheel I is arranged on the extrusion lever I, the extrusion driving wheel I can roll freely, the extrusion lever I is connected with the step motor IV and the extrusion driving wheel I through the fastener, the step motor IV is connected with the extrusion driving wheel I through the fastener, the extrusion spring I is used for adjusting extrusion pressure and friction through the fastener, the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are reduced through tightening the fastener, so that extrusion pressure and friction between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are increased, otherwise, the fastener is loosened, the distance between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I is increased, so that extrusion pressure and friction between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driving wheel I are reduced, and the extruder body I and the profile steel seven are connected through the fastener in a rigid mode; taking the wire feeding of the wire feeding part I as an example, the wire I enters from a wire feeding hole on the right side of the extruder main body I, the stepping motor IV drives the extrusion driving wheel I which is fixedly connected with the stepping motor IV to rotate, and the wire I is conveyed by the friction force between the extrusion driving wheel I and the extrusion driven wheel I on the extrusion lever I, so that the wire I is fed out from the wire feeding hole on the left side of the extruder main body I; the structure and the wire feeding process of the other wire feeding parts are consistent with those of the first wire feeding part.
8. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 6, wherein the manufacturing device is characterized in that: the quantity of shower nozzles is four, including shower nozzle one, shower nozzle two, shower nozzle three and shower nozzle four to each shower nozzle structure is the same, and wherein the structure of shower nozzle one is: the first heat dissipation part is in threaded connection with the first throat pipe, the first heating block and the first throat pipe are in threaded connection, the first nozzle is in threaded connection with the first heating block, the first heating block is inserted with the first heating rod and the first temperature sensor, the first heat dissipation part is matched with a nozzle mounting seat on the side surface of the multi-nozzle fixing device, and the first heat dissipation part is rigidly connected to the multi-nozzle fixing device through a fastener by using a pressing piece, so that the first nozzle is mounted; taking the melt extrusion process of the first nozzle as an example, the wire I conveyed remotely enters from a wire inlet at the upper end of the first heat dissipation part, reaches the first heating block through the first throat pipe, heats the first heating block to melt the material and extrudes the material from the first nozzle, and the first heat dissipation part has the function of preventing the temperature of the first heating block from being transmitted to the first throat pipe, so that the wire I is melted in advance in the first throat pipe to block the first throat pipe, the conveying process of the material is hindered, and the first temperature sensor detects the temperature of the first heating block in real time and feeds back a signal to the heating system to perform real-time compensation; the structure of the other spray heads and the melt extrusion process are identical to those of the first spray head.
9. The multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to claim 8, wherein the multi-nozzle special-material automatic-rotation-replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device is characterized in that: the printing temperature of the first nozzle is 270-450 ℃.
10. The additive manufacturing method adopting the multi-nozzle special material automatic rotation replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) According to the number of the spray heads required by the printed parts, installing extrusion wire feeding devices and fusion printing devices with corresponding numbers, respectively conveying different materials required by printing by using different wire feeding parts, and manually inserting wires conveyed from a remote place into wire feeding ports of different spray heads;
(2) Three-dimensional modeling is carried out on parts to be printed, the model is converted into an STL format file, the STL format file is imported into slicing software for layered slicing and printing path planning, corresponding printing spray heads are arranged on different printed materials, proper printing parameters are selected according to the required requirement, and the obtained Gcode file is imported into a computer control program of a special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device with multiple spray heads and automatic rotation and replacement of different materials;
(3) The printer starts to work, the computer control program controls the heating aluminum plate and the heating rods of all the spray heads to heat, so that the temperature of the printing substrate is increased to the required temperature, the temperature of each spray head heating block can melt the corresponding material, the stepping motor III and the stepping motor IV of the Z-direction movement system rotate, the X-direction movement support I and the X-direction movement support II are lowered to proper heights, and the servo motor rotates, so that the initial printing spray head reaches an initial printing position;
(4) Starting to print a first layer, spraying molten material from a nozzle of an initial printing spray head and depositing the molten material on a printing substrate, starting to work by a cooling fan, controlling a stepping motor II of a Y-direction movement system to rotate according to a path planned by slicing software, controlling the printing substrate to move back and forth, controlling a stepping motor I of an X-direction movement system to rotate, and controlling a multi-spray head rotating device bracket to further control the initial printing spray head arranged on the bracket to move left and right, so that printing of the first layer is realized;
(5) When the printing of the first layer is finished, the third stepping motor and the fourth stepping motor of the Z-direction movement system rotate to enable the first X-direction movement support and the second X-direction movement support to rise to a proper height, and further enable the spray head to rise to a printing layer height h, and then the second layer starts to be printed, so that the second layer is pushed, printed layer by layer and stacked to form;
(6) In the printing process of each layer, when the current printing position needs to be changed, the current printing nozzle stops spinning, the servo motor reverses, and the incomplete gear reversely rotates for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel to rotate, so that the initial printing nozzle reaches the current printing position, the initial printing nozzle recovery process is completed, then the servo motor positively rotates, and the incomplete gear positively rotates for a proper number of turns to drive the driven wheel to rotate, so that the required nozzle reaches the current printing position, the required nozzle replacement process is completed, the nozzle of the required nozzle sprays molten material to continue printing, and if the current printing nozzle is the initial printing nozzle, the servo motor does not need to reversely rotate to carry out the initial printing nozzle recovery process when the required nozzle is replaced;
(7) And after printing, taking down the model from the printing substrate by a shovel, and carrying out support removing treatment on the model according to the type of the support material, such as stripping by hand, water dissolving and the like, and waiting for subsequent processing of the model.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311574437.1A CN117774304A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Multi-nozzle special material automatic rotation and replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311574437.1A CN117774304A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Multi-nozzle special material automatic rotation and replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device and method |
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| CN117774304A true CN117774304A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| CN202311574437.1A Pending CN117774304A (en) | 2023-11-23 | 2023-11-23 | Multi-nozzle special material automatic rotation and replacement special engineering plastic additive manufacturing device and method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117774304A (en) |
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