CN117021609B - 3D printing device and method for thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on advanced tape laying - Google Patents
3D printing device and method for thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on advanced tape laying Download PDFInfo
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- CN117021609B CN117021609B CN202310969489.2A CN202310969489A CN117021609B CN 117021609 B CN117021609 B CN 117021609B CN 202310969489 A CN202310969489 A CN 202310969489A CN 117021609 B CN117021609 B CN 117021609B
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/171—Processes of additive manufacturing specially adapted for manufacturing multiple 3D objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a 3D printing device and method of thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on advanced tape laying, wherein the device comprises a resin extrusion system and a prepreg tape laying system. The resin extrusion system comprises a softening unit, an extrusion unit and a limiting unit, wherein the softening unit is used for containing resin and softening the resin, and the extrusion unit is used for extruding the softened resin. The restriction unit is used for restricting the extruded resin in the transverse direction. The prepreg tape laying system comprises a winding unit, a conveying unit and a cutting unit, wherein the winding unit is used for winding the prepreg tape, the conveying unit is used for conveying the prepreg tape to the resin, and the cutting unit is used for cutting the prepreg tape transversely and longitudinally. In the present application, the resin extrusion system and the prepreg tape placement system are used for the preparation and extrusion of thermoplastic resins and the track cutting and placement of prepreg tapes for the construction of the profile frame of parts and the application of internal reinforcing materials.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a 3D printing device and method for thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on advanced tape laying.
Background
The fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material takes fiber as a reinforcing material, takes thermoplastic resin as a matrix, is prepared by processes such as resin melting, dipping, extrusion and the like, has the characteristics of high specific strength, high toughness, recoverability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of traffic, aerospace and the like. The 3D printing technology utilizes layer-by-layer stacking of materials, and further integrally forms a part with a structure which is not limited by the complexity of a model, so that the 3D printing technology is an advanced part forming technology. At present, most 3D printing technologies adopt modes of material extrusion, sintering, melting, photo-curing, spraying and the like to be stacked layer by layer. Compared with pure resin, fiber powder and chopped fiber reinforced parts, the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material uses continuous fibers as a reinforcing material, so that the mechanical property of the printed part can be obviously improved. The 3D printing technology principle of the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material is divided into pre-impregnation 3D printing and real-time impregnation 3D printing. The existing 3D printing method and device for real-time dipping 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material mainly continuously sends continuous dry fibers into a printing nozzle, and the dry fibers are dipped by thermoplastic resin in the nozzle and extruded to a forming area under the action of thrust to be cooled and solidified to form a solid part. The main problems are that short impregnation time, low traction force and the like are easy to cause poor fiber impregnation effect, and the mechanical property and the destructive behavior of the composite material are greatly influenced. The prepreg 3D printing technology adopts prepreg, and components that enhance the fiber impregnation effect and achieve higher surface quality and dimensional accuracy are receiving extensive attention from researchers. The prior continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material high-temperature 3D printing device and method mainly comprises the steps of arranging two independent spray heads for printing continuous fiber prepreg filaments and thermoplastic resin, feeding the thermoplastic resin filaments and the continuous fibers into a printing head through an extrusion wire feeding mechanism, enabling the thermoplastic resin material to reach a molten state through a heating cavity,
The heat preservation shell realizes the auxiliary heating of the printing material. In a word, in the process of melting and then solidifying the material, the problems of warping and layering often exist in the printing process, and the introduction of continuous fibers improves the mechanical properties of the product along the fiber direction, but also weakens the interlayer performance to a certain extent, and aggravates the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the 3D printing product. At present, for warpage and layering of 3D printing products, a printing platform is adopted to preheat and seal a printing cavity, and only low-melting-point thermoplastic resin materials such as polypropylene, nylon 6 and the like can be solved. And high-performance semi-crystalline polymers such as polyether-ether-ketone and polyether-ketone are more prone to shrinkage and warpage in the printing process. In addition, there is a temperature difference between the molten material extruded from the nozzle and the solidified and formed material, resulting in both failing to achieve good melt bonding and resulting in lower interlayer bonding strength. This requires the use of high temperature resistant transmission components, which can lead to substantial increases in the cost of the apparatus. Furthermore, the manner in which the printing wire is melt heated also limits the size of the extrusion head extrusion wire, and so far there is no good solution.
The improvement of 3D printing technology is of great importance for the further development of fiber reinforced composites.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a 3D printing device and a method for thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on advanced tape laying, which can enable resin matrix composite components with complex configurations to be constructed in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.
Embodiments of the present application provide a 3D printing device for advanced tape-laid thermoplastic resin-based composites, including a resin extrusion system and a prepreg tape-laying system. The resin extrusion system comprises a softening unit, an extrusion unit and a limiting unit, wherein the softening unit is used for containing resin and softening the resin, and the extrusion unit is used for extruding the softened resin. The restriction unit is used for restricting the extruded resin in the transverse direction. The prepreg tape laying system comprises a winding unit, a conveying unit and a cutting unit, wherein the winding unit is used for winding the prepreg tape, the conveying unit is used for conveying the prepreg tape to the resin, and the cutting unit is used for cutting the prepreg tape transversely and longitudinally.
In some of these embodiments, the softening unit comprises an axle housing, an axle cartridge, a transfer gear, a spindle rotation drive motor, and a transfer member. The shaft cylinder is arranged on the axle box, the shaft cylinder is internally provided with a mandrel and an extrusion block, the mandrel is of a hollow structure with a central line extending vertically, the mandrel can rotate around a vertical line, and the mandrel is used for vertically placing resin bars. The extrusion block is arranged below the mandrel, a plurality of through holes are formed in the extrusion block, the central line of each through hole extends vertically, and the extrusion block is used for friction of the resin bar stock placed in the mandrel. The transmission gear is sleeved outside the mandrel and fixedly connected to the mandrel. The spindle rotation driving motor is installed on the axle box. The transmission part is in transmission connection with the transmission gear and the output shaft of the spindle rotation driving motor.
In some of these embodiments, a bearing and a limiting ring are also mounted in the shaft barrel, the bearing comprising an upper bearing and a lower bearing, both of which are sleeved outside the spindle, both of which are disposed in the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove of the shaft barrel. The limiting ring comprises an upper limiting ring and a lower limiting ring, the upper limiting ring and the lower limiting ring are sleeved outside the mandrel, and the upper bearing and the lower bearing are limited in the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove by the upper limiting ring and the lower limiting ring.
In some of these embodiments, the extrusion unit includes a support frame, a vertical motion drive motor, a vertical lead screw, a vertical motion slide table, a transfer block, a top plate, a top block, and a fixing bolt. The vertical motion driving motor is arranged on the supporting frame. The vertical lead screw is installed on the support frame and can rotate around a vertical line, and the end part of the vertical lead screw is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the vertical motion driving motor. The vertical movement sliding table is arranged on the vertical screw rod and can vertically move along with the rotation of the vertical screw rod. The conversion seat is fixedly connected with the vertical movement sliding table and is fixedly connected with the axle box. The roof is installed on the support frame, has first screw hole on the roof. The ejector block is arranged in the first threaded hole in a threaded mode and is arranged above the mandrel, the ejector block is provided with a second threaded hole, and the center line of the second threaded hole extends vertically and is communicated with the hollow cavity of the mandrel. The fixing bolt is arranged in the second threaded hole in a threaded mode, and the fixing bolt presses the resin bar in the mandrel.
In some of these embodiments, the limiting unit includes a first bracket, a second bracket, a first lateral motion drive motor, a second lateral motion drive motor, a first lateral lead screw, a second lateral lead screw, a first lateral motion slide, a second lateral motion slide, a first lateral motion push rod, and a second lateral motion push rod. The first bracket is arranged on one side of the shaft barrel in the transverse direction. The second bracket is arranged on the other side of the shaft barrel in the transverse direction. The first lateral movement driving motor is mounted on the first bracket. The second transverse motion driving motor is mounted on the second bracket. The first transverse screw rod is arranged on the first bracket and can rotate around a transverse line, and the end part of the first transverse screw rod is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the first transverse motion driving motor. The second transverse screw rod is arranged on the second bracket and can rotate around a transverse line, and the end part of the second transverse screw rod is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second transverse motion driving motor. The first transverse movement sliding table is arranged on the first transverse screw rod and can move transversely along with the rotation of the first transverse screw rod. The second transverse movement sliding table is arranged on the second transverse screw rod and can move transversely along with the rotation of the second transverse screw rod. One end of a first transverse movement push rod is fixedly connected to the first transverse movement sliding table, and the first transverse movement push rod pushes one side of extruded resin in the transverse direction. One end of a second transverse movement push rod is fixedly connected to the second transverse movement sliding table, and the first transverse movement push rod pushes the other side of the extruded resin in the transverse direction.
In some of these embodiments, the winding unit includes rollers and drums. The roller is transversely arranged, and two ends of the roller are respectively arranged on the first bracket and the second bracket. The roller is sleeved on the roller, and the roller is used for winding the prepreg strip.
In some of these embodiments, the transport unit includes rollers, conveyor belts, roller rotation drive motors, turntables, turntable rotation drive motors, adjusting bolts, trapezoidal blocks, and paving blocks. The rollers comprise at least one group, each group comprises two rollers, each roller is arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket and can rotate around a transverse line, each group of rollers is arranged along the transverse direction, and each roller is arranged along the longitudinal direction in each group of rollers. The conveyor belt comprises at least one conveyor belt, and each conveyor belt is wound on two rollers in a group of rollers respectively. The roller rotation driving motors comprise at least one, each roller rotation driving motor is arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket, and the output shafts of each roller rotation driving motor are respectively connected with one roller in a group of rollers in a transmission way. The turntable is arranged below the conveyor belt. The output shaft of the rotary table rotary driving motor is fixedly connected with the center of the rotary table. The adjusting bolts comprise at least two adjusting bolts, each adjusting bolt is perpendicular to the vertical line, and each adjusting bolt is arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket in a threaded manner and surrounds the vertical line. The trapezoid blocks comprise at least two trapezoid blocks, each trapezoid block is respectively installed at the end part of each adjusting bolt, and inclined planes of each trapezoid block support the turntable rotation driving motor. The spreading block is arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket, the spreading block is provided with a through groove, the central line of the through groove is oblique, and the upper opening of the through groove is arranged below the conveyor belt and above the turntable.
In some of these embodiments, the cutting unit comprises a first laser cutting head and a second laser cutting head. The first laser cutting head is installed on the first transverse moving sliding table, and the first laser cutting head cuts one side of the prepreg strip in the transverse direction. The second laser cutting head is arranged on the second transverse moving sliding table, and the second laser cutting head cuts the other side of the prepreg strip in the transverse direction.
In some of these embodiments, the cutting unit further comprises a longitudinal slide bar, a longitudinal slide table, a longitudinal slide drive motor, a third lateral motion drive motor, a third lateral lead screw, a third lateral motion slide table, and a third laser cutting head. The longitudinal slide bar is mounted on the first bracket. The longitudinal sliding table is arranged on the sliding rod and can slide along the longitudinal sliding rod. The longitudinal sliding driving motor is arranged on the first bracket, and an output shaft of the longitudinal sliding driving motor is in transmission connection with the slide bar. The third transverse movement driving motor is arranged on the sliding table. The end part of the third transverse screw rod is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the third transverse motion driving motor. The third transverse movement sliding table is arranged on the third transverse screw rod and can move transversely along with the rotation of the third transverse screw rod. The third laser cutting head is arranged on the third transverse movement sliding table and cuts the prepreg strip.
The embodiment of the application also provides a 3D printing method of the thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on the advanced tape, which adopts the 3D printing device of the thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on the advanced tape, and comprises the following steps: and step 1, assembling the 3D printing device on a machine tool. Inputting a modeled model on a machine tool computer, and slicing the model by 3D printing software on the machine tool computer to determine the geometric dimension of each base body layer. The prepreg tape is pulled from the drum to be clamped between the conveyor belt and the turntable. And (3) coating a release agent on the inner wall of the mandrel. And selecting a resin bar, and selecting a fixing bolt according to the length of the resin bar. The resin bar is loaded into the mandrel through a second threaded hole in the top block and the fixing bolt is screwed in until its bottom surface contacts the top of the resin bar. And 2, descending a machine tool head, and controlling the distance between the lower surface of the extrusion block and the surface of the base material to be the height of the base body layering. And starting the mandrel to rotate the driving motor to drive the mandrel and the resin bar to rotate, wherein the resin bar contacts with the extrusion block and generates heat by friction, and the end part of the resin bar is heated and softened. While the machine head moves along a predetermined trajectory. Simultaneously, vertical motion driving motor starts, drives the axle box through vertical lead screw, vertical motion slip table and conversion seat and upwards moves, and softened resin extrudes through extruding the piece. Simultaneously, a first transverse movement driving motor and a second transverse movement driving motor are started, and the first transverse movement push rod and the second transverse movement push rod are driven to move along a preset track through the first transverse movement sliding table and the second transverse movement sliding table, and meanwhile, the first laser cutting head and the second laser cutting head are driven to respectively cut two sides of the prepreg strip, so that the layering profile of the resin is consistent with the cutting profile of the prepreg strip. Meanwhile, the roller wheel rotation driving motor is started to drive the conveyor belt to move, meanwhile, the prepreg strips are driven to be laid on the turntable, and after the prepreg strips on the turntable reach the length required by laying, the roller wheel rotation driving motor is stopped. And 3, starting a third transverse movement driving motor, and cutting off the prepreg strip by a third laser cutting head. The machine head is moved to the starting point of the additive layer. The roller rotates to drive the motor to start, drives the conveyor belt to move, and drives the prepreg strip to be laid on the resin layer. Simultaneously, the machine head of the machine tool moves, so that the cut prepreg tape is laid on the resin layer according to a set track. And 4, taking the current additive layer as a base material, and repeating the steps 2 and 3 until the preset requirement is met.
A 3D printing device for advanced tape-laid thermoplastic resin-based composite materials provided according to embodiments of the present application includes a resin extrusion system and a prepreg tape-laying system. The resin extrusion system comprises a softening unit, an extrusion unit and a limiting unit, wherein the softening unit is used for containing resin and softening the resin, and the extrusion unit is used for extruding the softened resin. The restriction unit is used for restricting the extruded resin in the transverse direction. The prepreg tape laying system comprises a winding unit, a conveying unit and a cutting unit, wherein the winding unit is used for winding the prepreg tape, the conveying unit is used for conveying the prepreg tape to the resin, and the cutting unit is used for cutting the prepreg tape transversely and longitudinally. In the application, the resin extrusion system and the prepreg tape laying system are used for preparing and extruding thermoplastic resin and cutting and laying prepreg tapes according to tracks, are used for constructing an outline frame of a part and applying internal reinforcing materials, the 3D printing device is loaded on a numerical control machine tool/robot to perform multi-degree-of-freedom motion through program control, and resin-based composite material parts with complex configurations are constructed in a layer-by-layer stacking mode.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a resin extrusion system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a partial block diagram of a prepreg tape placement system in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a prepreg tape placement system in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is an installation schematic diagram of a 3D printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
Referring to fig. 1-5, embodiments of the present application provide a 3D printing apparatus for advanced tape-laid thermoplastic resin-based composites, including a resin extrusion system and a prepreg tape-laying system.
The resin extrusion system includes a softening unit, an extrusion unit, and a limiting unit. The softening unit is used for containing resin and softening the resin.
The softening unit includes an axle housing 112, an axle tube 125, a transmission gear 114, a spindle 1 rotation driving motor 119, and a transmission 113.
The axle housing 112 is a closed cavity space.
The axle 125 is mounted on the axle housing 112, and is specifically secured within the axle housing 112. The spindle 115, the extrusion block 124, the restriction ring 128, and the bearing 127 are mounted in the shaft tube 125.
The mandrel 115 is a hollow structure with a central line extending vertically (i.e. in the direction of the Z axis), the mandrel 115 can rotate around a vertical line, and the mandrel 115 is used for vertically placing the resin bar 2. The ratio of the diameter of the resin bar 2 to the diameter of the mandrel 115 is 1:1.1 to 1:10. Bar 2 is coaxial with spindle 115 and is movable in spindle 115.
The extrusion block 124 is disposed below the mandrel 115, and the extrusion block 124 has a plurality of through holes, the center line of each through hole extending vertically, and the extrusion block 124 is rubbed by the resin bar 2 placed in the mandrel 115. Specifically, the top surface of the extrusion block 124 is recessed and the mandrel 115 and the bottom of the bar 2 are rubbed against the recessed portion of the extrusion block 124.
The arrangement described above causes the resin bar 2 to soften and deposit on the substrate via the extrusion block 124.
The bearings 127 include upper and lower bearings, which are each sleeved on the outside of the spindle 115, and are each disposed in first and second mounting grooves of the shaft tube 125. The bearing 127 is a tapered roller bearing 127.
The confinement rings 128 include upper and lower confinement rings that each nest about the exterior of the spindle 115, the upper and lower confinement rings confining the upper and lower bearings in the first and second mounting slots.
The transmission gear 114 is sleeved outside the spindle 115 and fixedly connected to the spindle 115, specifically, fixed at the journal of the upper end of the spindle 115.
Spindle 1 rotation drive motor 119 is mounted on axle housing 112.
The transmission member 113 is drivingly connected to the transmission gear 114 and the output shaft of the spindle 1 rotation driving motor 119. Specifically, the output shaft of the spindle 1 rotation driving motor 119 is coupled and fixed with a gear by a shaft key, and the gear on the output shaft of the spindle 1 rotation driving motor 119 is connected by a transmission belt 132.
The extrusion unit is used for extruding the softened resin. The extrusion unit comprises a support frame 103, a vertical movement driving motor 101, a vertical screw 120, a vertical movement sliding table 121, a conversion seat 122, a top plate 102, a top block 117 and a fixing bolt 118.
Install adapter 146 on the support frame 103, carry on CNC lathe or robot with 3D printing device through adapter 146 and carry out the 3D printing of structure.
The vertical movement driving motor 101 is mounted on the support frame 103.
The vertical screw 120 is mounted on the support frame 103 and can rotate around a vertical line, and the end of the vertical screw 120 is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the vertical motion driving motor 101.
The vertical movement sliding table 121 is mounted on the vertical screw 120 and is vertically movable with the rotation of the vertical screw 120.
The conversion seat 122 is fixedly connected with the vertical movement sliding table 121 and is fixedly connected with the axle box 112.
The above arrangement allows the movement of the axle housing 112 to be controlled by the support frame 103, the vertical movement drive motor 101, the vertical screw, the vertical movement slide table 121, and the conversion base 122. In addition, a plurality of axle boxes 112 and softening units on the axle boxes 112 are additionally arranged on the support frame 103, so that extrusion of different types of thermoplastic resin materials is realized, and a numerical control machine tool/robot can simultaneously print a plurality of thermoplastic resin materials and components of different types of chopped fiber materials and continuous fiber materials in a 3D mode.
The top plate 102 is mounted on the support frame 103, and the top plate 102 is provided with a first threaded hole.
The top block 117 is screw-mounted in the first screw hole and is disposed above the spindle 115, and the top block 117 has a second screw hole whose center line extends vertically and communicates with the hollow chamber of the spindle 115. The resin bar 2 passes through the second threaded hole and then enters the interior of the mandrel 115.
The fixing bolt 118 is screw-mounted in the second screw hole, and the fixing bolt 118 presses the resin bar 2 in the spindle 115, that is, after the resin bar 2 enters the inside of the spindle 115, the bottom surface of the fixing bolt 118 contacts the top of the bar 2, whereby the movement of the resin bar 2 in the vertical upward direction is restricted. The length of the fixing bolt 118 screwed into the top block 117 is 2 to 30 mm, for example, 2mm. The diameter of the fixing bolt 118 is 1-30 mm, such as 1mm, smaller than the maximum diameter of the resin bar 2. The fixing bolt 118 changes the contact position of the bottom surface thereof with the resin bar 2 by rotation in the second screw hole of the top block 117 to match the resin bar 2 of different lengths.
The restriction unit is used for restricting the extruded resin in the transverse direction (i.e., the X-axis direction). The restriction unit includes a first bracket 106, a second bracket 110, a first lateral movement driving motor 116, a second lateral movement driving motor 138, a first lateral screw, a second lateral screw, a first lateral movement slide 129, a second lateral movement slide 140, a first lateral movement push rod 123, and a second lateral movement push rod 126.
The first bracket 106 is provided at one side of the shaft tube 125 in the lateral direction. The first bracket 106 is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 103.
The second bracket 110 is provided at the other side of the shaft tube 125 in the lateral direction. The second bracket 110 is fixedly connected with the first bracket 106.
A first lateral motion drive motor 116 is mounted on the first carriage 106.
A second lateral motion drive motor 138 is mounted on the second bracket 110.
The first lateral screw is mounted on the first bracket 106 and is rotatable about a lateral line, and an end of the first lateral screw is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the first lateral movement driving motor 116.
The second lateral screw is mounted on the second bracket 110 and is rotatable about a lateral line, and an end of the second lateral screw is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the second lateral movement driving motor 138.
The first lateral movement slipway 129 is mounted on the first lateral screw and is movable laterally with the rotation of the first lateral screw.
The second lateral movement slipway 140 is mounted on the second lateral screw and is movable laterally with the rotation of the second lateral screw.
One end of a first traverse push rod 123 is fixedly connected to the first traverse slide 129, and the first traverse push rod 123 pushes one side of the extruded resin in the traverse direction.
One end of the second traverse push rod 126 is fixedly connected to the second traverse slide 140, and the first traverse push rod 123 pushes the other side of the extruded resin in the traverse direction.
The arrangement is such that the first and second lateral movement push rods 123, 126 are located below the extrusion block 124, limiting the width of the resin extrusion of the extrusion block 124, and thus meeting the variations of the different layer profiles in the 3D printing process.
The prepreg tape laying system comprises a winding unit, a conveying unit and a cutting unit. The winding unit is used for winding the prepreg strip. The winding unit comprises a roller 104 and a drum 105.
The rollers 104 are disposed in a transverse direction, and both ends of the rollers 104 are mounted on the first bracket 106 and the second bracket 110, respectively.
The roller 105 is sleeved on the roller 104, and the roller 105 is used for winding the prepreg tape. By additionally arranging a plurality of rollers 105 on the roller 104, the placement of different types of reinforcing fibers is realized, such as additionally arranging 1 roller 105, and the placement of glass fibers and carbon fibers is realized, so that a 50% continuous glass fiber and 50% continuous carbon fiber reinforced polyether-ether-ketone resin based thermoplastic resin based composite material component is constructed, and a digital control machine tool/robot can simultaneously 3D print a plurality of thermoplastic resin materials and components of different types of chopped fiber materials and continuous fiber materials.
The transport unit is used for transporting the prepreg tape onto the resin. The transport unit includes rollers 145, a conveyor belt 107, a roller rotation driving motor 144, a turntable 111, a turntable rotation driving motor 143, an adjusting bolt 141, a trapezoidal block 142, and a paving block 108.
The rollers 145 include at least one group, such as two groups, each including two. Each roller 145 is mounted on the first bracket 106 and/or the second bracket 110, e.g., two rollers 145 of one set of rollers 145 are each mounted on a pulley block 109 of the first bracket 106, and two rollers 145 of the other set of rollers 145 are each mounted on a pulley block 109 of the second bracket 110. Each roller 145 is rotatable about a transverse line. Each set of rollers 145 is arranged in a lateral direction. In each set of rollers 145, the rollers 145 are arranged in a longitudinal direction (i.e., Y-axis direction).
Conveyor 107 includes at least one, such as two. Each conveyor belt 107 is wound around two rollers 145 of a set of rollers 145.
The roller rotation driving motor 144 includes at least one, such as one. Each roller rotation driving motor 144 is mounted on the first bracket 106 and/or the second bracket 110. For example, a roller rotation driving motor 144 is mounted on the first bracket 106. The output shaft of each roller rotation driving motor 144 is respectively in transmission connection with one roller 145 in a group of rollers 145.
A turntable 111 is disposed below the conveyor belt 107.
The arrangement is such that the prepreg tape is pressed between the turntable 111 and the conveyor belt 107, the turntable 111 being spaced from the conveyor belt 107 by the thickness of the prepreg tape. And, after the roller rotation driving motor 144 is started, the prepreg tape is driven to be laid on the turntable 111, and simultaneously is cut by the first laser cutting head 130 and the second laser cutting head 139 according to a programming.
The output shaft of the turntable rotation driving motor 143 is fixedly connected with the center of the turntable 111.
Through the arrangement, in order to realize the fiber reinforced materials with different angles, the prepreg strips can be brought into the turntable 111 through the conveyor belt 107, and then the turntable rotation driving motor 143 is started to drive the turntable 111 to rotate to the required fiber layering angle and cut the prepreg strips.
The adjustment bolt 141 includes at least two, such as four. Each adjusting bolt is perpendicular to the vertical line. Each of the adjustment bolts 141 is threadedly mounted on the first bracket 106 and/or the second bracket 110. For example, each of the adjustment bolts 141 is screw-mounted on the connection frame between the first bracket 106 and the second bracket 110. Each of the adjustment bolts 141 is disposed around a vertical line.
The trapezoidal block 142 includes at least two, such as four. Each of the trapezoid blocks 142 is mounted to an end of each of the adjustment bolts 141. The inclined surfaces of the trapezoidal blocks 142 support the turntable rotation driving motor 143.
Through the arrangement, in order to realize 3D printing of fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite materials with different thicknesses and contents, after the prepreg strips are brought into the turntable 111 through the conveyor belt 107, the adjusting bolts 141 and the trapezoid blocks 142 are moved, so that the clamping and transportation requirements of the prepreg strips with different thicknesses are realized.
The paving blocks 108 are mounted on the first bracket 106 and/or the second bracket 110, e.g., the paving blocks 108 are mounted on a connecting frame connecting the first bracket 106 and the second bracket 110 and disposed between the two conveyor belts 107. The paving block 108 has a through groove, the center line of which is a diagonal line, and an upper opening of which is provided below the conveyor belt 107 and above the turntable 111. The inclination angle of the through groove is 30 degrees, 45 degrees and the like, the inner surface of the through groove is smooth, the width of the outlet is equal to the width of the prepreg tape on the turntable 111, and the height of the outlet is larger than the thickness of the prepreg tape on the turntable 111, so that the prepreg tape can be conveniently sent out.
The cutting unit is used for cutting the prepreg tape transversely and longitudinally. The cutting unit includes a first laser cutting head 130, a second laser cutting head 139, a longitudinal slide bar 133, a longitudinal slide table 137, a longitudinal slide drive motor 131, a third lateral movement drive motor 136, a third lateral lead screw, a third lateral movement slide table 135, and a third laser cutting head 134.
The first laser cutting head 130 is mounted on the first traverse slide 129, and the first laser cutting head 130 cuts one side of the prepreg tape in the traverse direction.
The second laser cutting head 139 is mounted on a second traverse slide 140, and the second laser cutting head 139 cuts the other side of the prepreg tape in the traverse direction.
The above arrangement allows the width of the resin extrusion material to be consistent with the feed width of the prepreg tape.
The longitudinal slide bar 133 is mounted on the first bracket 106.
The longitudinal slide 137 is mounted on the slide bar 133 and is slidable along the longitudinal slide bar 133.
The longitudinal sliding driving motor 131 is mounted on the first bracket 106, and an output shaft of the longitudinal sliding driving motor 131 is in transmission connection with the sliding rod 133 through the transmission belt 132.
A third lateral movement drive motor 136 is mounted on the slipway.
The third transverse screw is transversely arranged, and the end part of the third transverse screw is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the third transverse movement driving motor 136.
The third lateral movement sliding table 135 is mounted on the third lateral screw and is laterally movable with the rotation of the third lateral screw.
The third laser cutting head 134 is mounted on a third traverse table 135, and the third laser cutting head 134 cuts the prepreg tape.
The above arrangement allows the third laser cutting head 134 to cut the prepreg tape after the prepreg tape is laid, and cut the prepreg tape when the 3D printing is performed on lightweight structures such as honeycomb, dot matrix, hollow, etc. The third transverse movement sliding table 135 is assembled on the first bracket 106, the third laser cutting head 134 is assembled on the third transverse movement sliding table 135, the longitudinal sliding driving motor 131 is started, the longitudinal sliding table 137 drives the third laser cutting head 134 to move longitudinally, the third transverse movement driving motor 136 is started, and the third transverse movement sliding table 135 drives the third laser cutting head 134 to move transversely.
The thermoplastic resin-based composite material may be a carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone composite material.
The 3D printing device is a self-adaptive and integrated 3D printing device capable of realizing a continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite material structure with a three-dimensional complex size. The 3D printing device is loaded on a numerical control machine tool/robot to perform multi-degree-of-freedom motion through program control, resin-based composite material parts with complex configurations are constructed in a layer-by-layer stacking mode, and the resin extrusion system and the prepreg tape laying system are used for preparing and extruding thermoplastic resin and cutting and laying prepreg tapes according to tracks and are used for the construction of outline frames of parts and the application of internal reinforcing materials. The resin extrusion system and the prepreg tape laying system are added with corresponding control modules by a machine tool PLC or a robot control program. In the process of material addition, a numerical control machine tool/robot automatically divides and carries out resin layering according to the designed size through slicing software, and meanwhile, the prepreg strip is cut by laser. Then, the cut prepreg tape is laid on the resin layer according to a required braiding angle to realize tight connection of the resin material and the prepreg tape.
The embodiment of the application also provides a 3D printing method of the thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on the advanced tape, which adopts the 3D printing device of the thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on the advanced tape, and comprises the following steps:
and step 1, assembling the 3D printing device on a CNC machine tool (or robot). Inputting a modeling model on a machine tool computer, and slicing the model by 3D printing software (such as Cura, craftWare and the like) on the machine tool computer to determine the geometric dimension of each base body layer. The prepreg tape is pulled from the drum 105 to be clamped between the conveyor belt 107 and the turntable 111. A release agent is applied to the inner wall of the mandrel 115. A resin bar 2 of a suitable size is selected and a suitable fixing bolt 118 is selected according to the length of the resin bar 2. The resin bar 2 is fitted into the spindle 115 through the second screw hole in the top block 117, and the fixing bolt 118 is screwed until the bottom surface thereof comes into contact with the top of the resin bar 2.
In the steps, the substrate is fixed on the workbench through the clamp, and the upper surface of the substrate is provided with the designed grain grooves or micropores through broaching/ultrafast laser processing. The surface processing of the substrate is beneficial to improving the roughness of the surface of the substrate, so that an additive tissue and the substrate form a mechanical interlocking result in the additive process and the metallurgical bonding capability is further enhanced. The resin with the same material as the bar stock 2 has increased fiber content to improve the hardness and strength of the substrate. If pure resin or fiber powder and short fiber reinforced resin matrix composite materials are required to be prepared, the components contained in the bar stock 2 are not contained or are contained in powdery, filiform fiber or blocky raw materials.
And 2, taking the substrate as a base material, descending a machine tool head, and controlling the distance between the lower surface of the extrusion block 124 and the surface of the base material to be the height of the base body layering. The mandrel 1 is started to rotate the driving motor 119, the mandrel 115 and the resin bar 2 are driven to rotate, and the resin bar 2 is contacted with the extrusion block 124 and generates heat by friction, and the end of the resin bar is softened by heating. While the machine head moves along a predetermined trajectory. Simultaneously, the vertical movement driving motor 101 is started, the axle box 112 is driven to move upwards through the vertical screw 120, the vertical movement sliding table 121 and the conversion seat 122, and softened resin is extruded through the extrusion block 124, metallurgically bonded with the substrate and left on the substrate. Simultaneously, the first transverse movement driving motor 116 and the second transverse movement driving motor 138 are started, the first transverse movement push rod 123 and the second transverse movement push rod 126 are driven to move along a preset track through the first transverse movement sliding table 129 and the second transverse movement sliding table 140, and the first transverse movement push rod 123 and the second transverse movement push rod 126 are driven to respectively cut two sides of the prepreg strip while controlling the extrusion track of the resin, so that the layering profile of the resin is consistent with the cutting profile of the prepreg strip. At the same time of resin extrusion and laser cutting of the prepreg tape, the roller rotation driving motor 144 is started to drive the conveyor belt 107 to move, and meanwhile, the prepreg tape is driven to be laid on the turntable 111. After the prepreg tape on the turntable 111 reaches the length required for laying, the roller rotation driving motor 144 is stopped.
In the step 2, the height of the matrix layer is 0.5-2 mm, such as 0.5-mm. The mandrel 115 and the resin bar 2 are driven to rotate at a rotational speed of 100-10000 r/min, such as 10000 r/min. The machine tool head moves along a preset track at a speed of 1-100 mm/min, such as a speed of 100 mm/min. The axle box 112 is driven to move upwards at a speed of 0.1-100 mm/min, such as at a speed of 100mm/min, by the vertical screw 120, the vertical movement sliding table 121 and the conversion seat 122. The first transverse movement push rod 123 and the second transverse movement push rod 126 are driven to move along a preset track at a speed of 1-1000 mm/min. The belt 107 is driven to move at a speed of 1 to 2000mm/min, for example, 2000 to mm/min. The prepreg tape is driven to be laid on the turntable 111 at a speed of 1-2000 mm/min. The prepreg tape cut ends with the end of the resin lay-up.
Step 3, a third transverse motion driving motor 136 is started, and a third laser cutting head 134 cuts off the prepreg tape. The machine head is moved to the starting point of the additive layer. The roller wheel rotation driving motor 144 is started to drive the conveyor belt 107 to move, and the prepreg tape is driven to be laid on the resin layer. Simultaneously, the machine head of the machine tool moves, so that the cut prepreg tape is laid on the resin layer according to a set track.
In step 3, if fiber layering with different angles is required, after the third laser cutting head 134 cuts off the prepreg tape, the turntable rotation driving motor 143 is started to drive the turntable 111 to rotate to the required fiber layering angle at a speed of 1-90 rad/s, and then the roller rotation driving motor 144 is started, for example, at a speed of 90 rad/s.
If different hollow structures such as honeycomb and hollow structures are required to be printed, after the prepreg tape is cut off by the third laser cutting head 134, the longitudinal sliding driving motor 131 and the third transverse movement driving motor 136 are started to drive the third laser cutter to cut the prepreg tape on the turntable 111 along the X/Y direction at a speed of 1-2000 mm/min. The trajectory is preset by software according to the slice. The roller rotation drive motor 144 is then activated.
In the step 3, the third laser cutter 134 cuts the prepreg tape in the transverse direction at a speed of 1 to 2000 mm/min. The prepreg tape is driven to be laid on the resin layer at a speed of 1-2000 mm/min, such as a speed of 2000 mm/min. The machine head moves in the opposite direction to the prepreg tape laying direction at the same speed as the prepreg tape laying speed.
And 4, taking the current additive layer as a base material, and repeating the steps 2 and 3 until the preset requirement is met.
The steps 2 and 3 are repeated to perform the next layer of additive operation by taking the previous layer of additive layer as a substrate.
The beneficial effects of this application are:
1. compared with the existing 3D printing technology, the method can add materials in a three-dimensional space, can ensure that the fiber orientation is suitable for a load path, and can obtain isotropic/anisotropic materials. 3D prints fibrous powder, short fiber, continuous fiber reinforcement thermoplastic composite's structure.
2. The conventional 3D printing mode of friction build-up welding requires a hard support to meet the upsetting requirement of the bar 2, however, the fixed support thereof will limit the preparation of large, complex and multidimensional components, in addition, the upsetting requirement thereof has higher requirements on the material-adding part, and the material-adding part or the hollow structure with insufficient structural rigidity cannot meet the upsetting requirement of the bar 2 and cannot meet the preparation of the structure. The present application, however, satisfies the preparation of such structures.
3. Compared with the common 3D printing technology with the maximum heating fuse diameter of about 3 mm, the 3D printing technology has high efficiency, and friction deposition of large-size bar 2 which is hardly subjected to size can be realized based on friction additive generation. The 3D printing efficiency of the application achieves a qualitative leap compared with the 3D printing technology for manufacturing the conventional wire/multilayer multichannel implementation component.
4. On the basis of extrusion of the self-adaptive resin layer, the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material is provided with a self-adaptive layer track/self-adaptive fiber/automatic cutting integrated prepreg layering mechanism. And 3D printing is performed on the single-layer resin additive according to a designed track under program control, synchronous self-adaptive cutting of the prepreg is realized through a synchronous push rod and a laser cutter, and fiber reinforced material preparation is performed efficiently/high-quality. In addition, fiber plies of different angles are satisfied by the rotation of the turntable 111; the prepreg with different thicknesses is laid through the trapezoidal sliding blocks, the fiber layering with the self-adaptive angle and thickness adjustable of the 3D printing structural member is realized, and the high-efficiency and high-quality fiber layering, fiber impregnation and fiber reinforcement effects of the 3D printing structural member are improved.
5. The method for preparing the additive materials and the feeding mode is efficient and concise. Common fused deposition modeling 3D printing techniques require the preparation of uniform and high length fiber filaments. Whereas the feedstock in this application is simple cubes or bar stock 2. In addition, compare based on friction 3D printing technique adopts the mode of adding material of top ejector pin below bar 2, this kind of technique needs extra change device or from the mode of inserting bar 2 from the shoulder below, and this application is succinct high-efficient through the mode that ejector block 117 put into bar 2 and bolt-up, and the material adding sustainability is strong.
6. Compare and lead to the problem of end cap based on friction 3D printing technique adopts the material adding mode of top ejector pin promotion below bar 2, this application adopts the bolt to seal the top, and the mode that mandrel 115 moved up has perfectly solved this problem.
7. In the aspect of longitudinal precision of an additive tissue, the longitudinal precision of a 3D printing structural member of 3D printing technologies such as layering manufacturing and the like is greatly influenced by printing materials.
8. Compared with a common fused deposition modeling 3D printing mode, the method can rapidly heat based on bar 2 friction heat generation, has high material adding efficiency, and compared with a common fused deposition modeling 3D printing mode which is difficult to print high-melting-point thermoplastic materials, the type of the material adding method is not limited (polyether ether ketone, nylon, polyethylene and the like); the heating and driving of the material to be added are realized in the solid-phase friction heat production mode, and the phenomena of plugs and wiredrawing caused by uneven melting and heating in the common melting, deposition and molding 3D printing thermoplastic resin matrix composite material can be avoided.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if there is an azimuth or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, this is for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely used for illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting, but is intended to cover any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. A 3D printing device based on advanced tape laying thermoplastic resin matrix composite, characterized by comprising:
the resin extrusion system comprises a softening unit, an extrusion unit and a limiting unit, wherein the softening unit is used for containing resin and softening the resin, and the extrusion unit is used for extruding the softened resin; the limiting unit is used for limiting the extruded resin in the transverse direction;
the prepreg tape laying system comprises a winding unit, a conveying unit and a cutting unit, wherein the winding unit is used for winding a prepreg tape, the conveying unit is used for conveying the prepreg tape onto the resin, and the cutting unit is used for cutting the prepreg tape transversely and longitudinally;
the softening unit includes:
an axle box;
the shaft barrel is arranged on the axle box, a mandrel and an extrusion block are arranged in the shaft barrel, the mandrel is of a hollow structure with a central line extending vertically, the mandrel can rotate around a vertical line, and the mandrel is used for vertically placing resin bars; the extrusion block is arranged below the mandrel, a plurality of through holes are formed in the extrusion block, the central line of each through hole extends vertically, and the extrusion block is used for friction of the resin bar stock placed in the mandrel;
The transmission gear is sleeved outside the mandrel and fixedly connected to the mandrel;
the spindle rotation driving motor is arranged on the axle box;
the transmission piece is in transmission connection with the transmission gear and an output shaft of the spindle rotation driving motor;
the shaft cylinder is internally provided with a bearing and a limiting ring, the bearing comprises an upper bearing and a lower bearing, the upper bearing and the lower bearing are sleeved outside the mandrel, and the upper bearing and the lower bearing are arranged in a first mounting groove and a second mounting groove of the shaft cylinder; the limiting ring comprises an upper limiting ring and a lower limiting ring, the upper limiting ring and the lower limiting ring are sleeved outside the mandrel, and the upper bearing and the lower bearing are limited in the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove by the upper limiting ring and the lower limiting ring;
the extrusion unit includes:
a support frame;
the vertical movement driving motor is arranged on the supporting frame;
the vertical lead screw is arranged on the support frame and can rotate around a vertical line, and the end part of the vertical lead screw is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the vertical motion driving motor;
the vertical movement sliding table is arranged on the vertical screw rod and can vertically move along with the rotation of the vertical screw rod;
The conversion seat is fixedly connected with the vertical movement sliding table and the axle box;
the top plate is arranged on the support frame and provided with a first threaded hole;
the jacking block is arranged in the first threaded hole in a threaded manner and is arranged above the mandrel, the jacking block is provided with a second threaded hole, and the center line of the second threaded hole extends vertically and is communicated with the hollow cavity of the mandrel;
a fixing bolt threadedly mounted in the second threaded hole, the fixing bolt pressing the resin bar in the spindle;
the limiting unit includes:
the first bracket is arranged at one side of the shaft cylinder in the transverse direction;
the second bracket is arranged on the other side of the shaft cylinder in the transverse direction;
a first lateral movement driving motor mounted on the first bracket;
the second transverse movement driving motor is arranged on the second bracket;
the first transverse screw rod is arranged on the first bracket and can rotate around a transverse line, and the end part of the first transverse screw rod is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first transverse motion driving motor;
the second transverse screw rod is arranged on the second bracket and can rotate around a transverse line, and the end part of the second transverse screw rod is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the second transverse motion driving motor;
The first transverse movement sliding table is arranged on the first transverse screw rod and can move transversely along with the rotation of the first transverse screw rod;
the second transverse movement sliding table is arranged on the second transverse screw rod and can move transversely along with the rotation of the second transverse screw rod;
one end of the first transverse movement push rod is fixedly connected to the first transverse movement sliding table, and the first transverse movement push rod pushes one side of the extruded resin in the transverse direction;
one end of the second transverse movement push rod is fixedly connected to the second transverse movement sliding table, and the second transverse movement push rod pushes the other side of the extruded resin in the transverse direction;
the winding unit comprises:
the roller is transversely arranged, and two ends of the roller are respectively arranged on the first bracket and the second bracket;
the roller is sleeved on the roller and is used for winding the prepreg strips;
the transport unit includes:
the rollers comprise at least one group, each group comprises two rollers, each roller is mounted on the first bracket and/or the second bracket and can rotate around a transverse line, each group of rollers is arranged along the transverse direction, and each roller in each group of rollers is arranged along the longitudinal direction;
The conveyor belt comprises at least one conveyor belt, and each conveyor belt is wound on two rollers in a group of rollers respectively;
the roller rotation driving motors comprise at least one, each roller rotation driving motor is arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket, and the output shafts of each roller rotation driving motor are respectively connected with one roller in a group of rollers in a transmission way;
the turntable is arranged below the conveyor belt;
the rotary table rotates to drive the motor, and an output shaft is fixedly connected with the center of the rotary table;
the adjusting bolts comprise at least two adjusting bolts, each adjusting bolt is perpendicular to the vertical line, and each adjusting bolt is arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket in a threaded manner and surrounds the vertical line;
the trapezoid blocks comprise at least two trapezoid blocks, each trapezoid block is respectively arranged at the end part of each adjusting bolt, and inclined planes of each trapezoid block support the turntable rotation driving motor;
the paving blocks are arranged on the first bracket and/or the second bracket, the paving blocks are provided with through grooves, the central lines of the through grooves are oblique lines, and the upper openings of the through grooves are arranged below the conveyor belt and above the turntable;
The cutting unit includes:
a first laser cutting head mounted on the first transverse movement slipway, the first laser cutting head cutting one side of the prepreg tape in the transverse direction;
the second laser cutting head is arranged on the second transverse movement sliding table and is used for cutting the other side of the prepreg strip in the transverse direction;
the longitudinal sliding rod is arranged on the first bracket;
the longitudinal sliding table is arranged on the longitudinal sliding rod and can slide along the longitudinal sliding rod;
the longitudinal sliding driving motor is arranged on the first bracket, and an output shaft of the longitudinal sliding driving motor is in transmission connection with the longitudinal sliding rod;
the third transverse movement driving motor is arranged on the sliding table;
the end part of the third transverse screw rod is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the third transverse motion driving motor;
the third transverse movement sliding table is arranged on the third transverse screw rod and can move transversely along with the rotation of the third transverse screw rod;
and the third laser cutting head is arranged on the third transverse movement sliding table and is used for cutting the prepreg strip.
2. A 3D printing method of an advanced tape lay-up based thermoplastic resin matrix composite material using the 3D printing apparatus of an advanced tape lay-up based thermoplastic resin matrix composite material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling a 3D printing device on a machine tool; inputting a modeled model on a machine tool computer, slicing the model by 3D printing software on the machine tool computer, and determining the geometric dimension of each base body layer; drawing the prepreg tape from the roller to be clamped between the conveyor belt and the turntable; smearing a release agent on the inner wall of the mandrel; selecting a resin bar, and selecting a fixing bolt according to the length of the resin bar; loading the resin bar into the mandrel through a second threaded hole in the top block, and screwing in the fixing bolt until the bottom surface of the fixing bolt contacts with the top of the resin bar;
step 2, descending a machine tool head, and controlling the distance between the lower surface of the extrusion block and the surface of the base material to be the height of the base body layering; starting a mandrel rotation driving motor to drive the mandrel and the resin bar to rotate, wherein the resin bar is contacted with the extrusion block and generates heat by friction, and the end part of the resin bar is heated and softened; simultaneously, the machine tool head moves along a preset track; meanwhile, a vertical movement driving motor is started, the axle box is driven to move upwards through the vertical screw rod, the vertical movement sliding table and the conversion seat, and softened resin is extruded through the extrusion block; simultaneously starting a first transverse movement driving motor and a second transverse movement driving motor, driving a first transverse movement push rod and a second transverse movement push rod to move along a preset track through a first transverse movement sliding table and a second transverse movement sliding table, and simultaneously driving a first laser cutting head and a second laser cutting head to respectively cut two sides of a prepreg strip, so that the layering profile of resin is consistent with the cutting profile of the prepreg strip; meanwhile, the roller wheel rotation driving motor is started to drive the conveyor belt to move, meanwhile, the prepreg strips are driven to be laid on the turntable, and after the prepreg strips on the turntable reach the length required by laying, the roller wheel rotation driving motor is stopped;
Step 3, starting a third transverse movement driving motor, and cutting off the prepreg strip by a third laser cutting head; the machine tool head moves to the starting point of the additive layer; the roller rotates to drive the motor to start, so as to drive the conveyor belt to move and drive the prepreg strip to be laid on the resin layer; simultaneously, the machine head of the machine tool moves, so that the cut prepreg tape is laid on the resin layer according to a set track;
and 4, taking the current additive layer as a base material, and repeating the steps 2 and 3 until the preset requirement is met.
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| CN202310969489.2A CN117021609B (en) | 2023-08-02 | 2023-08-02 | 3D printing device and method for thermoplastic resin matrix composite based on advanced tape laying |
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