CN115891140A - Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for wire forming - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for wire forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN115891140A CN115891140A CN202211561084.7A CN202211561084A CN115891140A CN 115891140 A CN115891140 A CN 115891140A CN 202211561084 A CN202211561084 A CN 202211561084A CN 115891140 A CN115891140 A CN 115891140A
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention provides an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method for wire forming. The fuse wire pressing mechanism is at least provided with a fuse wire pressing head capable of heating and raising temperature, so that the real-time heating and pressing functions of the wire materials are realized; the wire feeding mechanism is arranged on the fuse wire pressing mechanism through a connecting piece and used for conveying the wire materials to the lower surface of the fuse wire pressing head in an inclined and downward mode so as to guarantee the continuous feeding of the wire materials to a region to be formed; the moving mechanism is used for driving the fuse pressing mechanism to move, and the control device is used for completing the cooperative control of functions such as a forming path, the temperature of the fuse pressing head, wire feeding and the like. The wire additive manufacturing device has the advantages that the fuse wire and the compression are simultaneously carried out, the additive manufacturing and forming of the wire are realized, the structure of the device is compact, the operation is convenient and fast, and the requirement of additive manufacturing of large parts with complex shapes under the microgravity limit condition can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, relates to a forming technology using wires as raw materials, and particularly relates to an additive manufacturing device and an additive manufacturing method for wire forming.
Background
An Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is a technology for completing the molding of a three-dimensional solid object by using CAD design path data and by a way of continuously accumulating materials layer by layer. Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, the AM technology can realize the rapid and precise manufacturing of parts with complex shapes on one device, and has the characteristics of simple processing procedure, short processing period and high automation degree. The thermoplastic material and the fiber reinforced composite material are widely applied to the field of additive manufacturing due to good plasticity, low requirement on molding conditions and good performance of molded products.
The materials used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology are mainly filaments of thermoplastic materials and fiber reinforced composites. The traditional FDM additive manufacturing technology is to heat and melt a wire material inside a processing head and extrude and print the wire material through a spray head. In the printing method of the FDM technology, the temperature of the molten thermoplastic material in the nozzle channel is reduced during the molding process, so that lumps are easily formed at the bottom end of the fine nozzle and block the nozzle, and the molding precision is reduced or even the molding is not possible. Patent CN113787712A discloses a split type FDM type 3D printer nozzle system, through the residual material that the crowded material hole was blockked up in the clearance of helicitic texture, but its structure is complicated, and manufacturing cost is high, and accurate processing is difficult to, and when the silk material was composite material or the material of inhomogeneous performance, still can cause and block up the shower nozzle because the melting is insufficient, leads to the unstability of machine-shaping spare performance. Meanwhile, due to the lack of hot pressing process of materials, the FDM technology still faces the outstanding problems of low interface bonding strength, high porosity and the like of the formed part, so that the interlaminar mechanical properties of the formed part are poorer than those of the traditional process preparation, which will seriously limit the effective application of the wire made of thermoplastic materials or fiber reinforced composite materials in the additive manufacturing field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an additive manufacturing device and method for wire forming, which can realize simultaneous melting and compaction of thermoplastic wires or fiber reinforced composite wires in the additive manufacturing process, have compact and simple structure, and improve the strength, surface quality and interface bonding force of formed thermoplastic materials or fiber reinforced composite products. The wire feeding accuracy is improved by adopting a paraxial wire feeding mode, and a forming path is simplified when complex parts are manufactured by material increase.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an additive manufacturing device for wire forming, wherein the wire is a thermoplastic wire or a fiber reinforced composite wire, and the additive manufacturing device is characterized by comprising a fuse wire pressing mechanism, a wire feeding mechanism, a moving mechanism and a control device;
the fuse pressing mechanism is arranged on the moving mechanism through a connecting piece and at least provided with a fuse pressing head capable of heating;
the wire feeding mechanism is arranged on the fuse wire pressing mechanism through a connecting piece and used for conveying the wire materials to the position below the fuse wire pressing head in an inclined and downward mode;
the moving mechanism is used for driving the fuse pressing mechanism to move in a three-dimensional space, so that a moving processing process in the space is realized;
the control device is used for controlling the movement of the moving mechanism, the temperature rise of the fuse wire pressing head and the wire feeding of the wire feeding mechanism;
the control device controls the moving mechanism to drive the fuse wire pressing head to move according to a set path, and the wire material fed to the lower part of the fuse wire pressing head through the wire feeding mechanism is pressed on the surface of the template or the core mold and is heated and melted at the same time, when the fuse wire pressing head moves to the next pressing point, the melted wire material at the previous pressing point is cooled and solidified, and thus additive manufacturing is carried out on the template or the core mold.
Further, the moving mechanism is a three-dimensional moving mechanism or a multi-axis mechanical arm.
Furthermore, the fuse pressing head comprises a heat-conducting metal head and a heating device for heating the heat-conducting metal head, the lower part of the heat-conducting metal head is of a conical structure for increasing pressure intensity, and the tail end of the conical structure is a smooth pressing head.
Furthermore, the heating device is an electric heating device sleeved on the heat conducting metal head.
Furthermore, a guide groove for supporting and guiding the wires is arranged between the wire outlet of the wire feeding mechanism and the lower end of the fuse pressing head.
Further, the wire feeding mechanism is connected with the connecting piece through a rotating pair capable of locking the angle, so that the wire feeding angle can be adjusted.
Further, the fiber reinforced composite wire is prepared by coating fiber with a high polymer material.
Further, the fibers are chopped fibers or continuous fibers, and are one or a mixture of carbon fibers and glass fibers.
Further, the wire feeding mechanism comprises a shell base and a pair of wire feeding rollers arranged in the shell base, the shell base is installed on the connecting piece, and the guide groove is installed at a wire outlet end of the shell base.
The invention also provides an additive manufacturing method for wire forming, which adopts any one additive manufacturing device, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, assembling a material increase manufacturing device, wherein a fuse wire pressing mechanism of the material increase manufacturing device is arranged on a moving mechanism; adjusting the inclination angle and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism according to the additive manufacturing object and the type of the wire;
step 2, driving the fuse wire pressing head to move to the position above the surface of the template or the core mold through the moving mechanism by using the control device, starting the wire feeding mechanism, and feeding the front end of the wire material to the position below the fuse wire pressing head;
step 3, driving the fuse pressing head and the wires below the fuse pressing head to move to the surface of the template or the core mold through the moving mechanism and pressing the fuse pressing head and the wires;
step 4, simultaneously starting the heating and temperature rising functions of the moving mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the fuse pressing head; the wire feeding mechanism continuously feeds the wire to the lower part of the fuse pressing head; the moving mechanism drives the fuse wire pressing head to continuously move according to a set path and keep pressing force on the wire below the fuse wire pressing head, the wire and the fuse wire pressing head are in external contact and heated and melted, and meanwhile, the wire is compacted in the pressing process, so that a melting layer and a deposited layer are tightly combined. And after the fuse pressing head moves to the next point position, the wire at the previous point position is cooled and solidified to form the required workpiece material, and the wire forming and material increasing manufacturing is completed.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the melting and compacting processes of the thermoplastic wire or the fiber reinforced composite wire are integrated, the mechanical structure is simplified, the electrothermal processing head can apply pressure to the wire to compact the wire while melting the high polymer material, and the strength, the surface quality and the interface bonding force of a formed product are improved.
2. In a traditional nozzle extrusion type wire outlet mode, wires are melted in a heating cavity, and a composite material is easy to block a nozzle during extrusion to cause manufacturing discontinuity. In the invention, wires outside the processing head are heated mainly in a heat conduction mode, and are not required to be extruded out of a nozzle, so that the phenomenon of nozzle blockage is avoided, and the additive manufacturing process is more continuous and reliable.
3. The invention improves the wire feeding accuracy by using the form of paraxial wire feeding, simplifies the path when printing complex parts, can be matched with a multi-axis machine tool, multi-axis robot processing equipment and the like, and has wide application range. In addition, compared with other non-contact heating paraxial wire feeding equipment taking laser as a heat source, the wire feeding device does not need a laser, is lower in cost, more controllable in wire material compaction, and can realize accurate manufacturing of large-curvature geometric characteristics.
4. The wire feeding mechanism and the fuse wire pressing mechanism are kept relatively fixed, the angle and the moving path of the wire feeding mechanism do not need to be independently adjusted in the wire feeding process, only the moving path of the fuse wire pressing mechanism and the contact pressure of the fuse wire pressing mechanism and the wire material need to be controlled, the control is simple, and the processing quality is high. The deposited layer has better spreadability by mainly depending on contact pressure instead of the gravity of wire materials during forming, and can meet the requirements of additive manufacturing in the extreme environments of microgravity, space and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an additive manufacturing apparatus for wire forming according to an embodiment of the present invention in use.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an additive manufacturing apparatus for wire forming in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a surface structure of a workpiece manufactured by an additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 100-a fuse pressing mechanism, 110-a fuse pressing head, 111-a heat-conducting metal head, 112-an electric heating device, 113-a conical structure, 114-a pressing head and 120-a flange plate; 200-wire feeder, 210-guide groove, 300-three-dimensional moving mechanism, 301-base, 302-door type frame, 303-X direction sliding table, 304-Y direction sliding table, 305-Z direction sliding table, 400-base plate, 500-connecting piece, 501-cross bar, 502-hoop, 503-fastening bolt, 600-control device and 700-wire.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those described herein. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the following description.
Example 1, as shown in fig. 1, an additive manufacturing apparatus for forming a wire, which is a thermoplastic wire or a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite wire, includes a fuse pressing mechanism 100, a wire feeding mechanism 200, a moving mechanism, and a control device
The fuse pressing mechanism 100 is mounted on the moving mechanism through a connecting piece, and the fuse pressing mechanism 100 is at least provided with a fuse pressing head 110 capable of heating;
the wire feeder 200 is mounted on the fuse pressing mechanism 100 through a connector 500 and is used for conveying the wire 700 obliquely downwards below the fuse pressing head 110;
the moving mechanism is used for driving the fuse pressing mechanism 100 to move in a three-dimensional space, so that a moving processing process in the space is realized;
the control device is used for controlling the movement of the moving mechanism, the temperature rise of the fuse pressing head 110 and the wire feeding of the wire feeding mechanism 200;
the control device controls the moving mechanism to drive the fuse pressing head 110 to move according to a set path, the wire material below the fuse pressing head 110 is pressed on the surface of the template or the core mold and is heated and melted at the same time, and when the fuse pressing head moves to the next pressing point, the melted wire material at the previous pressing point is cooled and solidified, so that additive manufacturing is carried out on the template or the core mold.
The moving mechanism is a three-dimensional moving mechanism 300 or a multi-axis mechanical arm, and the specific form is not limited, namely a six-axis mechanical arm.
The invention also provides a three-dimensional moving mechanism 300 which has the moving capability in the three directions of X, Y and Z, and specifically comprises a base 301, a gate-shaped frame 302 installed on the base 301, a Y-direction sliding table 304 installed between two vertical beams of the gate-shaped frame 302, and a Z-direction sliding table 305 installed on the Y-direction sliding table 304, wherein the fuse pressing mechanism 100 is fixed on the Z-direction sliding table 305 through a flange, in this embodiment, the template is a base plate 400, and the base plate 400 is installed on the base 301 through the X-direction sliding table 303, thereby forming the three-dimensional moving mechanism 300, so that the fuse pressing mechanism 100 can be arbitrarily moved in a certain range of three-dimensional space relative to the base plate 400.
As a preferred embodiment, the fuse pressing head 110 includes a heat conducting metal head 111 and a heating device for heating the heat conducting metal head, the lower part of the heat conducting metal head 111 is a conical structure 113 for increasing pressure, the end of the conical structure 113 is a smooth pressing head 114, and the top of the heat conducting metal head 111 is provided with a flange for connection.
As a preferred embodiment, the heating device is an electric heating device 112 sleeved on the heat-conducting metal head 111, and specifically may be a resistance wire heating sleeve sleeved on the upper end of the heat-conducting metal head 111, after heating, the heat-conducting metal head 111 heats the pressing head 114 through heat conduction, thereby heating the wire material.
As a preferred embodiment, the fiber reinforced composite wire is a wire prepared by coating a thermoplastic polymer material with fibers; the fiber is chopped fiber or continuous fiber, and is one or a mixture of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
As a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the heat conductive metal head 111 is set to be 5 to 100 ℃ above the melting point of the resin contained in the fiber reinforced composite material; the contact pressure of the heat-conducting metal head 111 to the fiber reinforced composite material is 0.5-10MPa.
As a preferred embodiment, a force sensor may be provided between the fuse pressing head 110 and the moving mechanism to control the pressure at which the fuse pressing head 110 presses the filament material.
It should be noted that the specific form and structure of the wire feeding mechanism 200 are not limited, and the wire feeding mechanism 200 may be implemented by using the prior art, for example, the present embodiment provides a structure, the wire feeding mechanism 200 includes a housing base 301 and a pair of wire feeding rollers (not shown) disposed in the housing base 301, the housing base 301 is mounted on the connecting piece 500, and the guiding groove 210 is mounted at the wire outlet end of the housing base 301.
As a preferred embodiment, a guide groove 210 for guiding the filament material is provided between the filament outlet of the filament feeding mechanism 200 and the lower end of the fuse pressing head 110, so that the filament feeding mechanism 200 has a sufficient space for adjusting the angle, and the filament material 700 can smoothly reach the lower surface of the fuse pressing head 110.
In a further preferable modification, the guide groove 210 is a telescopic guide groove 210 capable of extending and contracting, and after the inclination angle of the wire feeder 200 is adjusted, the guide groove 210 can be ensured to be in seamless butt joint with the lower surface of the fuse pressing head 110.
In a preferred embodiment, the wire feeder 200 is connected to the connector 500 via a rotation pair capable of locking the angle, so that the wire feeding angle can be adjusted. Specifically, the connecting member 500 is a cross bar 501, one section of the cross bar 501 is fixed at the upper end of the fuse pressing head 110 through an anchor ear 502, the other end of the cross bar 501 is provided with a screw hole, and the wire feeding mechanism 200 is fixed in the screw hole through a fastening bolt 503.
An additive manufacturing method based on the additive manufacturing device is described below by taking carbon fibers as an example, and includes the following steps:
step 1: assembling the additive manufacturing device, wherein a fuse wire pressing mechanism 100 of the additive manufacturing device is arranged on a moving mechanism; installing the fiber reinforced composite material on the wire feeder 200, and sending the front end of the fiber reinforced composite material to the lower part of the fuse pressing head 110 through the wire feeder 200; adjusting the inclination angle and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism 200 according to the additive manufacturing object and the type of the fiber reinforced composite material; the used wire 700 is a continuous fiber reinforced composite material of ABS coated carbon fiber, the diameter of the wire 700 is 1.75mm, and the material increase speed is 10mm/s.
Step 2: the fiber reinforced composite material below the fuse pressing head 110 is driven by a moving mechanism to move onto the surface of the template or the core mold and be pressed;
and step 3: starting the heating and temperature rising functions of the moving mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism 200 and the fuse pressing head 110 at the same time; the wire feeder 200 continuously feeds the fiber reinforced composite material below the fuse holding head 110; the moving mechanism drives the fuse pressing head 110 to continuously move according to a set path and keep pressing force on the fiber reinforced composite material below the fuse pressing head, and the fuse pressing head 110 is heated in the pressing process to melt and compact the fiber reinforced composite material. After the fuse pressing head 110 moves to the next point location, the fiber reinforced composite material at the previous point location is cooled and solidified to form the required workpiece material, and the additive manufacturing of the fiber reinforced composite material is completed. In this embodiment, the temperature is controlled at 400 ℃, and a plurality of channels and layers of additive deposition are performed to obtain a plate-shaped workpiece.
In a preferred embodiment, the control device is an industrial personal computer or a PLC controller, and is used for cooperatively controlling the movement of the moving mechanism, the heating of the electric heating device 112 and the wire feeding of the wire feeding mechanism 200.
The overall working principle is that in the process of additive manufacturing by using the continuous fiber reinforced composite material, the fuse wire pressing mechanism 100 and the wire feeding mechanism 200 need to be connected well and fixed on a machine tool through a flange plate by bolts. The wire material 700 is pressed under the pressing head 114 on the fuse wire pressing mechanism 100 through the head end of the wire feeding mechanism 200, after the carbon fiber wire is pressed, the fuse wire pressing mechanism 100 is electrified through the control device, after the wire material is preheated for a certain time and the temperature is stabilized, the switch of the driving motor of the wire feeding mechanism 200 is turned on, and the functions of processing path, processing temperature, wire feeding and the like are completed under the action of the control device. The carbon fiber reinforced composite material is subjected to processes of melting, compacting, moving and the like, so that the product is formed. In this example, the filament 700 used was a continuous fiber reinforced composite material of ABS-coated carbon fibers, the diameter of the filament 700 was 1.75mm, and the material increase speed was 10mm/s. As shown in fig. 3, multiple layers of additive deposition results for this wire 700 were obtained using the method with temperature control at 400 ℃.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A material increase manufacturing device for forming wires is a thermoplastic wire or a fiber reinforced composite wire and is characterized by comprising a fuse wire pressing mechanism, a wire feeding mechanism, a moving mechanism and a control device;
the fuse wire pressing mechanism is arranged on the moving mechanism through a connecting piece and at least provided with a fuse wire pressing head capable of heating;
the wire feeding mechanism is arranged on the fuse wire pressing mechanism through a connecting piece and is used for conveying wire materials to the position below the fuse wire pressing head in an inclined and downward mode;
the moving mechanism is used for driving the fuse wire pressing mechanism to move in a three-dimensional space, so that a moving machining process in the space is realized;
the control device is used for controlling the movement of the moving mechanism, the temperature rise of the fuse wire pressing head and the wire feeding of the wire feeding mechanism;
the control device controls the moving mechanism to drive the fuse pressing head to move according to a set path, the wire fed below the fuse pressing head through the wire feeding mechanism is pressed on the surface of the template or the core mold and is heated and melted at the same time, and when the fuse pressing head moves to the next pressing point, the melted wire at the previous pressing point is cooled and solidified, so that additive manufacturing is performed on the template or the core mold.
2. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the moving mechanism is a three-dimensional moving mechanism or a multi-axis mechanical arm.
3. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fuse pressing head comprises a heat-conducting metal head and a heating device for heating the heat-conducting metal head.
4. An additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the heating device is an electric heating device sleeved on the heat conducting metal head.
5. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and a guide groove for supporting and guiding the wires is arranged between the wire outlet of the wire feeding mechanism and the lower end of the fuse pressing head.
6. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the wire feeding mechanism is connected with the connecting piece through a rotating pair capable of locking the angle, so that the wire feeding angle can be adjusted.
7. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fiber reinforced composite wire is prepared by coating fiber with a high polymer material.
8. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the fiber is chopped fiber or continuous fiber, and is one or a mixture of carbon fiber and glass fiber.
9. The additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the wire feeding mechanism comprises a shell base and a pair of wire feeding rollers arranged in the shell base, the shell base is arranged on the connecting piece, and the guide groove is arranged at a wire outlet end of the shell base.
10. An additive manufacturing method for wire forming using the additive manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
step 1, assembling a material increase manufacturing device, wherein a fuse wire pressing mechanism of the material increase manufacturing device is arranged on a moving mechanism; adjusting the inclination angle and the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding mechanism according to the additive manufacturing object and the wire type;
step 2, the control device is used for controlling, the moving mechanism drives the fuse wire pressing head to move to the position above the surface of the template or the core mold, and the wire feeding mechanism is started to feed the front end of the wire material to the position below the fuse wire pressing head;
step 3, driving the fuse wire pressing head and the wire material below the fuse wire pressing head to move to the surface of the template or the core mold through the moving mechanism and pressing the fuse wire pressing head and the wire material;
step 4, starting the heating and temperature rising functions of the moving mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the fuse pressing head at the same time; the wire feeding mechanism continuously feeds the wire material to the position below the fuse wire pressing head; the moving mechanism drives the fuse wire pressing head to continuously move according to a set path and keep pressing force on the wire below the fuse wire pressing head, the wire and the fuse wire pressing head are in external contact and heated and melted, and meanwhile, the wire is compacted in the pressing process, so that a melting layer and a deposited layer are tightly combined. And when the fuse pressing head moves to the next point position, the wire material at the previous point position is cooled and solidified to form the required workpiece material, and the wire material forming and material increasing manufacturing is completed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211561084.7A CN115891140A (en) | 2022-12-07 | 2022-12-07 | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for wire forming |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211561084.7A CN115891140A (en) | 2022-12-07 | 2022-12-07 | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for wire forming |
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| CN115891140A true CN115891140A (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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| CN202211561084.7A Pending CN115891140A (en) | 2022-12-07 | 2022-12-07 | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method for wire forming |
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- 2022-12-07 CN CN202211561084.7A patent/CN115891140A/en active Pending
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