CN112440466B - Rapid forming device for ultrahigh molecular weight polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rapid molding device for an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer, which comprises a storage bin and a spray head arranged at the bottom of the storage bin; the heating module is used for forming a heating area with gradually increasing temperature from the top of the storage bin to one side of the bottom spray head; a feeding chamber which is formed in the storage bin corresponding to the heating area and has a feeding cross section which is changed from the storage bin to one side of the spray head; the feeding cavity comprises a first feeding cavity, a second feeding cavity and a third feeding cavity; the first feeding cavity, the second feeding cavity and the third feeding cavity are gradually reduced along the cross-sectional area of feeding of the storage bin. The invention provides a rapid forming device for an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer, which has the advantages of large adaptive temperature interval span, strong environmental adaptability and flexible and changeable printing and forming structure.

Description

Rapid forming device for ultrahigh molecular weight polymer

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer material forming, and particularly relates to a rapid forming device for an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer.

Background

3D printing is a popular concept, one of the rapid prototyping technologies, generated in the late 80 s of the 20 th century. The technology integrates multiple technologies such as mechanical engineering, material engineering, numerical control technology, laser technology and the like, and a part prototype is manufactured by adopting a material addition method. The principle is that firstly, modeling is carried out through Computer Aided Design (CAD) or computer animation modeling software to form a digital model, then the three-dimensional model is decomposed into two-dimensional sections layer by layer, and printing materials are piled up and solidified layer by layer through software and a numerical control system to manufacture a solid product. Methods that have been used to compare mainstream include Stereolithography (SLA), layered Object Manufacturing (LOM), selective Laser Sintering (LS), fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and the like. Compared with the traditional manufacturing method, the 3D printing technology can ignore the appearance complexity of the product part; the manufacturing is quick, the product design and the die production can be synchronously carried out, the research and development efficiency is improved, and the design period is shortened; the utilization rate of raw materials is extremely high and is close to 100 percent. Based on the advantages, the technology is increasingly widely applied to the industries of automobiles, household appliances, communication, aviation, industrial modeling, medical treatment, archaeology and the like.

The materials used for 3D printing are from plastic materials such as photosensitive resin, ABS-like, wax pattern, glass fiber and the like to metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, iron-nickel alloy, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy and the like, the types of the materials are abundant in the past, but the materials are still different from the materials used in the traditional manufacturing process, and as a new generation of engineering plastics, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer has a plurality of excellent performances such as high specific strength, good toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, stress cracking resistance, impact resistance, adhesion resistance, self-lubrication and the like, so the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer plays an increasingly important role in the aspects of industrial and agricultural production, medicine, national defense construction and the like. However, such materials have extremely high molecular weights, and very long, entangled molecular chains, a melt in a highly elastic state with a melt index of approximately zero; the molding temperature range is narrow, and the oxidation and degradation are easy; the critical shearing rate is low, the friction coefficient is small, and therefore, the forming processing is not easy.

In recent years, the laser technology has the advantages of high precision, high speed, short period, no need of a die and the like, so the application of the laser technology in the field of material processing, particularly in the rapid molding of high polymer materials, is rapidly developed, but in practical application and research, the following problems exist in the laser rapid molding of ultrahigh molecular weight polymers:

first, the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is in a discretely stacked powder state prior to molding, with a large number of voids between the powder particles. Since air is a poor conductor of heat, it affects the conduction of heat during the molding process. In addition, the fluidity of the polymer in a molten state is extremely poor, the change of relative positions among particles is small, a large number of air holes exist in the formed part, the density is low, and the forming quality is seriously influenced.

Secondly, the processing temperature range of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is narrow, and the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is more sensitive to laser energy density and sintering position temperature. When the laser energy density is high, the temperature of the sintering position is too high, so that the polymer is oxidized and decomposed, and a chain scission reaction is generated to form double bonds, free radicals and the like. The cleavage of the molecular bonds leads to a reduction in the properties of the shaped parts. Meanwhile, the molecular chain is also closely related to the crystallinity, which affects the rigidity, tensile strength, hardness, heat resistance, solvent resistance, air tightness, chemical corrosion resistance and the like of the product, and sometimes even directly results in the waste of the formed part.

Chinese patent with application number CN201410181568.8 discloses a high polymer material ultraviolet laser 3D printing method and device for precise temperature control. The device comprises: the device comprises a thermostat, a laser head, a non-contact temperature monitoring device, a scanning galvanometer, a processing platform, a powder laying device, a processing material and a computer control system. The laser head adopts a double-tube-core structure, the inner tube and the outer tube are coaxially fixed, one or more gradually-changed neutral filters are fixed between the two tubes, and the laser transmittance of the filters is reduced from the inner tube to the appearance in the radial direction.

Chinese patent with application number cn201510428966.X discloses a device and a method for realizing laser rapid prototyping of an ultra-high molecular weight polymer, and the device comprises: a laser emitting end for emitting a laser beam for irradiating and melting the ultra-high molecular weight polymer powder; the compression roller is used for compacting the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer at the laser beam sintering position; the infrared thermometer is used for monitoring the temperature change of the sintering position; the signal processing device is used for feeding back a process parameter adjusting signal to the main control system according to the temperature signal; and the main control system controls the laser emitting end and the press roller according to the technological parameter adjusting signal.

Although the prior art provides a method for rapidly forming an ultrahigh molecular weight polymer, many problems still exist in practical application, for example, the prior art adopts a laser sintering powder bed mode to achieve rapid forming of the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer, the laser of the method can only provide a temperature difference of 20-30 degrees, a material with a large span temperature difference cannot be printed, excessive materials are wasted in a powder paving mode, and in most cases, new and old powder are mixed for use, so that the quality of a formed workpiece is affected.

Therefore, the defects and defects of the prior art need to be improved, and a high-temperature melting mode is adopted to heat the ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymer to a melting state and extrude the ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymer for molding, so that the device has the characteristics of large adaptive temperature interval span, strong environmental adaptability, material saving, flexible and changeable printing and molding structure and the like, and the bin is provided with three feeding cavities, so that the preheating, shrinkage heating, small-hole shrinkage accelerated extrusion and the like of the solid or powdery ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymer in the bin are realized; in addition, by arranging the heating area which is in gradient change, the problems that the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in a molten state expands and deforms and cannot be extruded are solved.

The present invention has been made in view of this point.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem underlying the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a device for rapid forming of ultra high molecular weight polymers which overcomes or at least partially solves the above mentioned problems.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a rapid prototyping device of ultra-high molecular weight polymer comprises

The spray head is arranged at the bottom of the stock bin;

the heating module is used for forming a heating area with gradually increasing temperature from the top of the storage bin to one side of the spray head at the bottom;

and a feeding chamber which is formed in the storage bin corresponding to the heating area and has a feeding cross section which is changed from the storage bin to one side of the spray head.

The feeding cavity comprises a first feeding cavity, a second feeding cavity and a third feeding cavity;

the first feeding cavity, the second feeding cavity and the third feeding cavity are gradually reduced along the feeding cross-sectional area of the storage bin;

in one embodiment, at least one of the second feeding chambers is in communication with the first feeding chamber;

at least one third feeding cavity is communicated with the second feeding cavity.

Meanwhile, the first feeding cavity, the second feeding cavity and the third feeding cavity are cylindrical structures;

in one embodiment, the first feeding chamber has a diameter of between 20 and 30mm and a length of between 100 and 200 mm;

the diameter of the second feeding cavity is between 4 and 10mm, and the length of the second feeding cavity is between 15 and 45 mm;

the diameter of the third feeding cavity is between 2.5 and 6mm, and the length of the third feeding cavity is between 50 and 90 mm.

In addition, the device also comprises a feeding rod which is matched with the bin and reciprocates in the bin along the axial direction of the feeding rod;

in one embodiment, the silo is a hollow structure, and the first feeding cavity, the second feeding cavity and the third feeding cavity are arranged in the hollow structure of the silo;

the feeding rod is of a rod-shaped structure and is matched with the first feeding cavity of the storage bin in shape;

the spray head is arranged at the bottom of the hollow structure;

the heating module is annularly arranged outside the storage bin.

Furthermore, a limiting device is arranged on the feeding rod;

the stroke of the material pushing rod limited by the limiting device is not more than the length of the first material feeding cavity;

in one embodiment, the limiting device is detachably connected with the feeding rod, and the installation position of the limiting device can be adjusted along the length direction of the feeding rod;

in one embodiment, the limiting device is connected with the feeding rod in a threaded manner;

in one embodiment, the feeder rod is a plunger rod-like structure or a threaded rod-like structure.

The feeding rod is matched with the storage bin and reciprocates in the storage bin along the axial direction of the feeding rod;

in one embodiment, the cartridge includes a first annular portion and a second annular portion nested outside the first annular portion;

the first feeding cavity, the second feeding cavity and the third feeding cavity are arranged in a gap between the first annular part and the second annular part;

in one embodiment, the feeding rod is a rod-shaped structure and is matched with the shape of the first feeding cavity;

the spray head is connected with the second annular part;

the heating module is arranged inside the first annular part of the storage bin.

Furthermore, a limiting device is arranged on the feeding rod;

the stroke of the material pushing rod limited by the limiting device is not more than the length of the first feeding cavity;

in one embodiment, the limiting device is detachably connected with the feeding rod, and the installation position of the limiting device can be adjusted along the length direction of the feeding rod;

in one embodiment, the limiting device is connected with the feeding rod in a threaded manner;

in one embodiment, the feeder rod is a plunger rod-like structure or a threaded rod-like structure.

In addition, a discharge cavity communicated with the third feeding cavity is arranged in the spray head;

the front end of the discharging cavity is provided with a discharging hole for extruding the molten ultrahigh molecular weight polymer;

in one embodiment, the diameter of the discharge chamber is 1.5 to 2.5mm;

the diameter of the discharge hole is 0.3-1.2 mm;

in one embodiment, the spray head is detachably connected with the storage bin;

in one embodiment, the exterior of the spray head is provided with threads that mate with the cartridge.

The heating zone is at least divided into a first heating zone, a second heating zone and a third heating zone from the top to the bottom of the storage bin;

the heating temperatures of the first heating zone, the second heating zone and the third heating zone are sequentially increased;

in one embodiment, the first heating zone corresponds to the first feed chamber;

the second heating area corresponds to the second feeding cavity;

the third heating area corresponds to the third feeding cavity;

in one embodiment, the heating of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in any of the first heating zone, the second heating zone, and the third heating zone is uniform heating;

in one embodiment, within the third heating zone, the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is in a molten state;

in one embodiment, the heating temperature of the heating module is between 100 ℃ and 450 ℃;

in one embodiment, the heating module is a heating wire.

The heating module is arranged in the first heating area and used for heating the workpiece, and the heating module is used for heating the workpiece;

in one embodiment, the spray head is heated by heat transfer from the heating module or a heating device provided in the spray head.

After adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is heated to a molten state by adopting a high-temperature melting mode and is extruded and molded, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer injection molding device has the characteristics of large adaptive temperature interval span, strong environmental adaptability, material saving, flexible and changeable printing and molding structure and the like, and the preheating, shrinkage heating, small-hole shrinkage accelerated extrusion and the like of the solid or powdery ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the stock bin are realized by arranging the stock bin into three feeding cavities; in addition, by arranging the heating region which is in gradient change, the problems that the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in a molten state expands and deforms and cannot be extruded are solved.

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention to the proper form disclosed herein. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a first schematic assembly view of an apparatus for rapid prototyping ultra-high molecular weight polymer materials in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a second schematic assembly view of the rapid prototyping apparatus for ultra-high molecular weight polymers of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a third schematic assembly view of the rapid prototyping apparatus for ultra-high molecular weight polymers of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a first schematic view of a magazine of the rapid prototyping apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a second schematic view of a hopper of the rapid prototyping apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a first schematic view of the rapid prototyping apparatus of the present invention in combination;

fig. 7 is a second schematic view of the rapid prototyping apparatus assembly of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a rapid prototyping device; 2. a storage bin; 201. a first feeding cavity; 202. a second feeding chamber; 203. a third feeding cavity; 204. a first annular portion; 205. a second annular portion; 3. a spray head; 301. a discharge cavity; 302. a discharge port; 4. a feed bar; 401. a limiting device; 5. a heating module; 501. a first heating zone; 502. a second heating zone; 503. a third heating zone; 6. a laser transmitter; 7. a rolling assembly; 701. a compression roller; 702. a first fixed seat; 703. a second fixed seat; 8. a temperature detection device; 9. a work table; 10. a transmission system; 11. and (4) controlling the system.

It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 to 3 are first, second and third schematic views of a rapid prototyping device 1 for ultra-high molecular weight polymer, wherein a control system 11, a transmission system 10, a workbench 9 and the rapid prototyping device 1 form a device for forming ultra-high molecular weight polymer, the control system 11 includes a computer, and electrical components and related devices required for connecting with devices through data lines or wireless network devices, and since related control of 3D printing and the like is well established in the art, the present invention is not described in detail, and it can be understood by those skilled in the art that layered cutting of formed workpieces, data transmission to the transmission system 10 and corresponding control are realized through the control system 11, and in the transmission system 10, power components such as servo motors or stepping motors, and transmission components such as belts, pulleys and gears are also common on 3D printers, so the present invention is not described in detail, and the transmission system 10 described in the present invention mainly functions in realizing the movement of the rapid prototyping device 1 and the workbench 9 in three-dimensional space, and further realizing the application of the rapid prototyping device 1 in three-dimensional space, that the present invention can be applied to a device for forming three-dimensional forming workpieces.

Further, as can be seen from the figure, the present invention is further provided with a laser emitter 6 and a temperature detection device 8, wherein the laser emitter 6 performs secondary heating on the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded from the nozzle 3, so that the ultra-high molecular weight polymer can be kept at an easily moldable temperature during the printing molding process, the holding time is long enough, the problems of unstable molding structure, unstable bonding between the ultra-high molecular weight polymers and the like caused by excessive heat exchange are avoided, and meanwhile, the temperature detection device 8 is arranged outside the rapid molding device 1, and the temperature extruded from the nozzle 3 can be accurately measured, and in the present invention, the temperature detection device 8 is also arranged inside the bin 2 and close to the heating module 5.

Still further, because of the physical properties of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer, the degree of adhesion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer between different printing layers is poor, so that an external force is applied to the ultra-high molecular weight polymer while performing secondary heating, so that the adhesion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer between different printing layers is firmer, as shown in fig. 3, a rolling assembly 7 is arranged near the nozzle 3, the rolling assembly 7 comprises a pressing roller 701, a first fixing seat 702 and a second fixing seat 703, the pressing roller 701 can roll on the printing layers, and then the pressing adhesion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded by the nozzle 3 and the ultra-high molecular weight polymer of the previous layer is realized, so that the printed structure is firmer.

Fig. 4 and 5 are first and second schematic diagrams of a bin 2 of a rapid prototyping apparatus 1 of the present invention, mainly illustrating an internal structure of the bin 2, and as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the bin 2 of the present invention is divided into two structures, which are mainly distinguished by an installation position of a heating module 5, in fig. 4, the heating module 5 is installed outside the bin 2, in fig. 5, the heating module 5 is installed inside the bin 2, and in the figure, it can also be seen that a first feeding cavity 201, a second feeding cavity 202 and a third feeding cavity 203 are arranged inside the bin 2 corresponding to the heating area;

the first feeding cavity 201, the second feeding cavity 202 and the third feeding cavity 203 are gradually reduced in cross-sectional area along the radial direction of the silo 2; in addition, the first feeding cavity 201 is arranged inside the silo 2; at least two second feeding cavities 202 are arranged inside the storage bin 2 and are communicated with the first feeding cavity 201; at least two third feeding cavities 203 are arranged inside the silo 2 and are communicated with the second feeding cavity 202; meanwhile, the first feeding cavity 201, the second feeding cavity 202 and the third feeding cavity 203 are cylindrical structures, and the bin 2 is provided with three feeding cavities, so that preheating, shrinkage and temperature rise of solid or powdery ultrahigh molecular weight polymers in the bin 2 and small-hole shrinkage and accelerated extrusion are realized; the heating module 5 is provided with three heating zones in the height direction of the storage bin 2, wherein the three heating zones are a first heating zone 501, a second heating zone 502 and a third heating zone 503 respectively, and the first heating zone 501 corresponds to the first feeding cavity 201; the second heating zone 502 corresponds to the second feeding cavity 202; the third heating area 503 corresponds to the third feeding cavity 203; the temperature of each heating zone is different, and after the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is heated to a molten state, the polymer is easy to expand and has larger extrusion strength, and the conventional extruder cannot extrude the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the molten state, but the invention sets the three heating zones of the stock bin 2, so that the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is added into the stock bin 2 to obtain a preheating process, the ultra-high molecular weight polymer can still obtain a good heating environment in the stock bin 2 while the expansion and the increase of extrusion pressure of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer caused by sudden temperature rise are avoided, the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the molten state of the third heating zone 503 is heated to the molten state in the third heating zone 503, the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the molten state is extruded from the spray nozzle 3 by the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the second heating zone 502 and the first heating zone 501, the proportion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the molten state in the stock bin 2 is small, and enough preheating space is provided, and the problem of the expansion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the molten state is avoided while the extrusion is ensured.

Fig. 6 and 7 are first and second schematic diagrams of the combined assembly of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 according to the present invention, which mainly show the combined situation during the switching process of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1, and when the consumption of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in one of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 is completed, the control system 11 starts other rapid prototyping apparatus 1 still containing the ultra-high molecular weight polymer, as can be seen from the figures, each rapid prototyping apparatus 1 has at least two modes, namely a height displacement mode and a horizontal displacement mode, the height displacement transmission system 10 is implemented, and the horizontal displacement is implemented by the internal combination mode of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1, the horizontal displacement of fig. 6 is implemented mainly by a translation mode, the horizontal displacement of fig. 7 is implemented mainly by rotation, and the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 after the consumption of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer performs the height displacement first and then performs the horizontal displacement, so as to realize the departure from the working position, the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 containing the ultra-high molecular weight polymer performs the horizontal displacement first, and performs the height displacement after reaching the working position, in fig. 6 and fig. 7, only the setting position of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 is shown, and the transmission apparatus and how to implement the transmission, therefore, the present invention does not belong to many common fields.

The ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is heated to a molten state and extruded and molded by adopting a high-temperature melting mode, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer printing and molding device has the characteristics of large adaptive temperature interval span, strong environmental adaptability, material saving, flexible and changeable printing and molding structure and the like, and the preheating, shrinkage and heating, small-hole shrinkage and accelerated extrusion of the solid or powdery ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the bin 2 are realized by arranging the bin 2 into three feeding cavities; in addition, the heating zone with gradient change is arranged, so that the problems that the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in a molten state expands and deforms and cannot be extruded are solved, and the problems that the extruded ultrahigh molecular weight polymer has large heat loss, poor adhesion and poor molding quality are solved by additionally arranging laser auxiliary heating; and through addding rolling press subassembly 7, roll the compaction with ultra high molecular weight polymer, avoided ultra high molecular weight polymer viscidity relatively poor, the not strong problem of bonding nature between the layer.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 for high molecular weight polymer in this embodiment includes a storage bin 2, and a nozzle 3 disposed at the bottom of the storage bin 2; the heating module 5 is used for forming a heating area with gradually increasing temperature from the top of the storage bin 2 to one side of the bottom spray head 3; the feeding rod 4 is matched with the storage bin 2 and reciprocates in the storage bin 2 along the axial direction of the feeding rod 4; a first feeding cavity 201, a second feeding cavity 202 and a third feeding cavity 203 are arranged in the storage bin 2 corresponding to the heating area; the first feeding cavity 201, the second feeding cavity 202 and the third feeding cavity 203 are gradually reduced in cross-sectional area along the radial direction of the silo 2.

The ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is heated to a molten state and extruded and molded by adopting a high-temperature melting mode, and the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer has the characteristics of large adaptive temperature interval span, strong environmental adaptability, material saving, flexible and variable printing and molding structure and the like, the bin 2 is provided with three feeding cavities, so that the preheating, shrinkage heating and small-hole shrinkage accelerated extrusion of the solid or powdery ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the bin 2 are realized, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer can expand and become sticky in a high-temperature state and is difficult to extrude, and the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the high-temperature state can obtain higher extrusion pressure by arranging a plurality of small-hole structures in the second feeding cavity 202 and the third feeding cavity 203, and the phenomenon that the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer cannot be extruded due to thermal expansion of the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer caused by overlarge unit volume is avoided.

Example two

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, based on the first embodiment, the first feeding cavity 201 of the present embodiment is disposed inside the storage bin 2; at least two second feeding cavities 202 are arranged inside the storage bin 2 and are communicated with the first feeding cavity 201; at least two of the third feeding cavities 203 are arranged inside the silo 2 and are communicated with the second feeding cavity 202.

EXAMPLE III

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, based on the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the first material feeding cavity 201, the second material feeding cavity 202, and the third material feeding cavity 203 of this embodiment are cylindrical structures; the diameter of the first feeding cavity 201 is between 20 and 30mm, and the length of the first feeding cavity is between 100 and 200 mm; the diameter of the second feeding cavity 202 is between 4 and 10mm, and the length of the second feeding cavity is between 15 and 45 mm; the diameter of the third feeding cavity 203 is between 2.5 and 6mm, and the length is between 50 and 90 mm.

Example four

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, based on any one of the first to third embodiments, the storage bin 2 of the present embodiment is a hollow structure, and the first feeding cavity 201, the second feeding cavity 202, and the third feeding cavity 203 are disposed in the hollow structure of the storage bin 2; the feeding rod 4 is of a rod-shaped structure and is matched with the first feeding cavity 201 of the storage bin 2 in shape; the spray head 3 is arranged at the bottom of the hollow structure; the heating module 5 is annularly arranged outside the silo 2.

Alternatively, the cartridge 2 comprises a first annular portion 204 and a second annular portion 205 that is sleeved outside the first annular portion 204; the first feeding cavity 201, the second feeding cavity 202 and the third feeding cavity 203 are arranged in a gap between the first annular part 204 and the second annular part 205; the feeding rod 4 is of a rod-shaped structure and is matched with the first feeding cavity 201 of the storage bin 2 in shape; the showerhead 3 is connected to the second annular portion 205; the heating module 5 is disposed inside the first annular portion 204 of the magazine 2.

Further, a limiting device 401 is arranged on the feeding rod 4; the stroke of the material pushing rod limited by the limiting device 401 is not more than the length of the first feeding cavity 201; the limiting device 401 is detachably connected with the feeding rod 4, and the installation position of the limiting device can be adjusted along the length direction of the feeding rod 4; the limiting device 401 is connected with the feeding rod 4 in a threaded manner.

EXAMPLE five

In this embodiment, based on the fourth embodiment, the feeding rod 4 in this embodiment is a plunger rod structure or a screw rod structure.

EXAMPLE six

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, based on any one of the first to fifth embodiments, a discharge chamber 301 communicated with the third feeding chamber 203 is disposed inside the nozzle 3; a discharge hole 302 for extruding the molten ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is arranged at the front end of the discharge cavity 301; the diameter of the discharging cavity 301 is 1.5-2.5 mm; the diameter of the discharge hole 302 is 0.3-1.2 mm; the spray head 3 is detachably connected with the stock bin 2; the outside of shower nozzle 3 be provided with feed bin 2 complex screw thread.

Particularly, the discharge gate 302 of shower nozzle 3 punches through numerical control electric spark, and the outside of shower nozzle 3 can with go out material chamber 301 and weld through argon arc and realize the welding, also accessible integrated into one piece, and in use, if shower nozzle 3 blocks up or some reasons cause the ejection of compact not unblocked, the accessible is changed the mode of shower nozzle 3 and is guaranteed to last the ejection of compact, also can cut discharge gate 302 part through line cutting, and the mode that rethread argon arc welded welds into new shower nozzle 3. This arrangement is due to the fact that the millimeter-sized discharge port 302 is less difficult to machine than the entire showerhead 3 can be replaced directly.

EXAMPLE seven

As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 5, based on any one of the first to sixth embodiments, the heating zone of this embodiment is at least divided into a first heating zone 501, a second heating zone 502 and a third heating zone 503 in sequence from the top to the bottom of the storage bin 2; the heating temperatures of the first heating zone 501, the second heating zone 502 and the third heating zone 503 are sequentially increased; the first heating area 501 corresponds to the first feeding cavity 201; the second heating zone 502 corresponds to the second feeding cavity 202; the third heating area 503 corresponds to the third feeding cavity 203; in any heating zone of the first heating zone 501, the second heating zone 502 and the third heating zone 503, the heating of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is uniform heating; in the third heating zone 503, the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is in a molten state; the heating temperature of the heating module 5 is between 100 ℃ and 450 ℃; the heating module 5 is a heating wire.

The heating zone is divided into a first heating zone 501, a second heating zone 502 and a third heating zone 503 from the top to the bottom of the silo 2 in sequence; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the first heating zone 501 is in an original state when being put into the storage bin 2; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the second heating zone 502 is in a transition state from an original state to a molten state; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the third heating zone 503 is in a molten state.

Fig. 4 and 5 are first and second schematic diagrams of a bin 2 of a rapid prototyping apparatus 1 according to the present invention, which mainly show an internal structure of the bin 2, and as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the bin 2 according to the present invention is divided into two structures, which are mainly distinguished by an installation position of a heating module 5, the heating module 5 is installed outside the bin 2 in fig. 4, the heating module 5 is installed inside the bin 2 in fig. 5, and it can also be seen that the heating module 5 is formed with three heating zones in a height direction of the bin 2, which are a first heating zone 501, a second heating zone 502 and a third heating zone 503 respectively, and temperatures of the heating zones are different, since an ultra-high-molecular-weight polymer is easily expanded after being heated to a molten state, and has a large extrusion force, a conventional extruder cannot achieve extrusion of the ultra-high-molecular-weight polymer in the molten state, according to the invention, the three heating zones of the bin 2 are arranged, so that the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is added into the bin 2 to obtain a preheating process, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is prevented from expanding due to sudden temperature rise, the extrusion pressure is increased, and meanwhile, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer can still obtain a good heating environment in the bin 2, in the third heating zone 503, the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is heated to a molten state, the molten ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the third heating zone 503 is extruded out of the spray head 3 by the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the second heating zone 502 and the first heating zone 501, the proportion of the molten ultrahigh molecular weight polymer in the bin 2 is small, and the molten ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is prevented from expanding while extrusion is ensured.

Example eight

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, based on any one of the first to seventh embodiments, the present embodiment further includes a temperature detecting device 8, disposed in the third heating region 503 of the heating module 5, for detecting the temperature of the heating module 5; the shower head 3 heats the shower head 3 by heat transfer of the heating module 5 or a heating device provided in the shower head 3. The temperature detection device 8 is arranged outside the rapid prototyping device 1, so that the temperature extruded by the spray head 3 can be accurately measured, and in the invention, the temperature detection device 8 is also arranged in the storage bin 2 close to the heating module 5.

Example nine

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, based on any one of the first to eighth embodiments, the present embodiment of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1 for ultra-high molecular weight polymer further includes a rolling assembly 7, configured to compact the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded by the nozzle 3; the rolling assembly 7 comprises a first fixed seat 702 connected with the storage bin 2 and/or the spray head 3; a second fixing base 703 connected to the first fixing base 702; the compression roller 701 is arranged inside the second fixed seat 703;

preferably, the compression roller 701 compacts the ultra-high molecular weight polymer by rolling on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded from the spray head 3.

Further, the first fixing seat 702 is a fixing structure that is connected to the storage bin 2 and/or the spray head 3 and is arranged in a planar manner, and the fixing structure arranged in the planar manner in this embodiment may be understood as a planar structure that is arranged in a planar manner and is circular or square, and the like, and the purpose of the arrangement of the fixing structure in the planar manner is to provide more installation space for the second fixing seat 703, and reserve enough space to cope with replacement of the compression roller 701 with different sizes; the second fixing seat 703 is at least one cylindrical hollow structure disposed on the first fixing seat 702; the compression roller 701 is a ball capable of rolling in the second fixing seat 703;

preferably, the number of the second fixing seats 703 on the first fixing seat 702 is 8 to 20;

more preferably, the second fixing seat 703 is detachably connected to the first fixing seat 702.

Specifically, a person skilled in the art can adjust the compression rollers 701 with different numbers by detaching the first fixing seat 702 and the second fixing seat 703, and can also adjust the compression rollers 701 with different diameters to meet the compression requirements of different rapidly-formed workpieces, and the detachment between the first fixing seat 702 and the second fixing seat 703 can be achieved by interference or clearance fit, or by technical means such as clamping and threaded connection.

Fig. 1 to 3 are a first schematic view, a second schematic view and a third schematic view of a rapid prototyping apparatus 1 for an ultra-high molecular weight polymer of the present invention, and it can be seen from the drawings that, due to the physical properties of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer, the degree of adhesion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer between different printing layers is poor, and therefore, an external force is applied to the ultra-high molecular weight polymer while performing secondary heating, so as to bond the ultra-high molecular weight polymer between the different printing layers more firmly, as shown in fig. 3, a rolling assembly 7 is disposed near a nozzle 3, the rolling assembly 7 includes a pressing roller 701, a first fixed seat 702 and a second fixed seat 703, the pressing roller 701 is capable of rolling on the printing layers, thereby achieving the compression and adhesion of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded by the nozzle 3 and the ultra-high molecular weight polymer of the previous layer, and making the printed structure more stable.

Example ten

Based on any one of the first to ninth embodiments, the present embodiment provides a method for rapid prototyping an ultra-high molecular weight polymer, including,

the workbench 9 is used for containing the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer extruded by the rapid prototyping device 1;

the transmission system 10 drives the rapid prototyping device 1 and the workbench 9 to move in a three-dimensional space;

the control system 11 is respectively connected with the rapid prototyping device 1, the workbench 9 and the transmission system 10 and stores the three-dimensional shape information of the prototyping workpiece;

also comprises

Step 101, filling an ultra-high molecular weight polymer into a bin 2 of a rapid prototyping device 1, placing the rapid prototyping device 1 at a working position, and connecting the rapid prototyping device with a transmission system 10;

102, selecting a required forming workpiece in the control system 11, and setting printing parameters;

103, slicing the three-dimensional body of the workpiece to be formed through the control system 11, converting the three-dimensional body into two-dimensional layered cross section information, and obtaining a motion track scanned layer by layer along the height direction;

104, starting a heating module 5 of the rapid prototyping device 1, detecting the temperature of the heating module 5 in real time by a temperature detection device 8, and transmitting data to the control system 11;

105, when the temperature of the heating module 5 reaches a preset temperature, the control system 11 transmits the motion track of the two-dimensional layered cross section of the formed workpiece to the transmission system 10, and the transmission system 10 moves the rapid forming device 1 to an initial position;

106, moving the feeding rod 4 from the top to the bottom of the storage bin 2 to push the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the storage bin 2, and extruding the molten ultra-high molecular weight polymer from the spray head 3;

step 1061, starting the laser emitter 6 by the control system 11, and secondarily heating the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded by the nozzle 3 by the laser emitter 6;

step 107, the transmission system 10 finishes printing the layer according to the motion track of the two-dimensional layered cross section of the formed workpiece;

step 1071, the rolling assembly 7 compacts the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded by the nozzle 3 along with the movement of the rapid prototyping device 1;

step 108, after printing the current layer, the transmission system 10 moves the rapid prototyping device 1 to the initial position, and moves the rapid prototyping device 1 or the workbench 9 in the height direction to the next layer;

step 109, repeating the steps 106 to 108 until the integral printing of the formed workpiece is finished;

step 110: and taking out the workpiece to obtain a final formed workpiece.

EXAMPLE eleven

In this embodiment, based on the tenth embodiment, in the step 104 of this embodiment, the heating module 5 is corresponding to the storage bin 2 of the rapid prototyping device 1 and is formed with a heating area; the heating zone is at least divided into a first heating zone 501, a second heating zone 502 and a third heating zone 503 from the top to the bottom of the silo 2; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the first heating zone 501 is in an original state when being put into the storage bin 2; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the second heating zone 502 is in a transition state from an original state to a molten state; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in the third heating zone 503 is in a molten state.

Example twelve

In this embodiment, based on the tenth embodiment or the eleventh embodiment, the step 104 in this embodiment further includes a step 1041 of heating the working table 9 until a set temperature is reached; the set temperature of the table 9 is 20 ℃ to 100 ℃.

EXAMPLE thirteen

Based on any one of the tenth to twelfth embodiments, the preset temperature range in the step 105 in this embodiment is between 100 ℃ and 450 ℃; the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is one or a combination of more of wire, powder and granules.

Example fourteen

Based on any one of the tenth embodiment to the thirteenth embodiment, in step 1061 of this embodiment, the laser emitted by the laser emitter 6 is an annular hollow beam; the annular hollow light beam emitted by the laser emitter 6 can be emitted to the position of the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer extruded by the spray head 3; the hollow part of the annular hollow light beam is not smaller than the diameter of the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer extruded by the corresponding spray head 3.

Example fifteen

Based on any one of the tenth embodiment to the fourteenth embodiment, in the step 1071 of the present embodiment, the rolling assembly 7 includes a first fixing seat 702 connected to the storage bin 2 and/or the spray head 3; a second fixing base 703 connected to the first fixing base 702; the compression roller 701 is arranged inside the second fixed seat 703;

preferably, the compression roller 701 compacts the ultra-high molecular weight polymer by rolling on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer extruded from the spray head 3.

Further, the first fixing seat 702 is a fixing structure that is connected to the storage bin 2 and/or the spray head 3 and is arranged in a planar manner, and the fixing structure arranged in the planar manner in this embodiment may be understood as a planar structure that is arranged in a planar manner, such as a circular structure or a square structure, and the purpose of the arrangement as a planar surface is to provide more installation space for the second fixing seat 703;

enough space is reserved for replacing the compression roller 701 with different sizes; the second fixing seat 703 is at least one cylindrical hollow structure disposed on the first fixing seat 702; the compression roller 701 is a ball capable of rolling in the second fixing seat 703;

preferably, the number of the second fixing seats 703 on the first fixing seat 702 is 8 to 20;

more preferably, the second fixing seat 703 is detachably connected to the first fixing seat 702.

Specifically, a person skilled in the art can adjust the compression rollers 701 with different numbers by detaching the first fixing seat 702 and the second fixing seat 703, and can also adjust the compression rollers 701 with different diameters to meet the compression requirements of different rapidly-formed workpieces, and the detachment between the first fixing seat 702 and the second fixing seat 703 can be achieved by interference or clearance fit, or by technical means such as clamping and threaded connection.

Example sixteen

Based on any one of the tenth embodiment to the fifteenth embodiment, the step 108 of this embodiment further includes a step 1081, where at least two rapid prototyping apparatuses 1 are used for containing the ultra-high molecular weight polymer; when the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in one of the rapid prototyping devices 1 is completely consumed, the control system 11 starts other rapid prototyping devices 1 still containing ultra-high molecular weight polymer, and jumps back to step 104 to start execution.

Example seventeen

Based on the sixteenth embodiment, in the present embodiment, during the switching process of the rapid prototyping apparatuses 1 in step 1081, each rapid prototyping apparatus 1 has at least two modes, namely height displacement and horizontal displacement; after the ultrahigh molecular weight polymer is completely consumed, the rapid prototyping device 1 firstly executes height displacement and then horizontal displacement, so as to realize the separation from the working position; the rapid prototyping device 1 containing the ultra-high molecular weight polymer performs horizontal displacement first, and performs height displacement after reaching the working position.

Fig. 6 and 7 are first and second schematic diagrams of the combined assembly of the rapid prototyping apparatuses 1 of the present invention, which mainly show the combination situation during the switching process of the rapid prototyping apparatuses 1, when the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in one of the rapid prototyping apparatuses 1 is completely consumed, the control system 11 starts other rapid prototyping apparatuses 1 which also contain the ultra-high molecular weight polymer, as can be seen from the drawings, each rapid prototyping apparatus 1 has at least two modes of height displacement and horizontal displacement, the height displacement transmission system 10 is implemented, and the horizontal displacement is implemented by the internal combination mode of the rapid prototyping apparatus 1;

the horizontal displacement of fig. 6 is mainly realized by a translation manner, the horizontal displacement of fig. 7 is mainly realized by rotation, the rapid prototyping device 1 after the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is completely consumed performs the height displacement first and then performs the horizontal displacement, so as to realize the departure from the working position, the rapid prototyping device 1 containing the ultra-high molecular weight polymer performs the horizontal displacement first, and performs the height displacement after reaching the working position;

in fig. 6 and 7, only the setting position of the rapid prototyping device 1 is shown, and since the driving device and how to realize the transmission are common in the transmission field and are not the invention point of the present invention, no redundant description is made.

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than others, combinations of features of different embodiments are also meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can use the combination according to the known technical solutions and technical problems to be solved by the present application.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (23)

1. The utility model provides a rapid prototyping device of ultra high molecular weight polymer which characterized in that: comprises that

The device comprises a storage bin (2) and a spray head (3) arranged at the bottom of the storage bin (2);

the heating module (5) is used for forming a heating area with gradually increasing temperature from the top of the storage bin (2) to the bottom of the storage bin and on one side of the spray head (3);

a feeding chamber which is formed in the storage bin (2) corresponding to the heating area and has a feeding cross section which is changed from the storage bin (2) to one side of the spray head (3);

the feeding cavity comprises a first feeding cavity (201), a second feeding cavity (202) and a third feeding cavity (203);

the first feeding cavity (201), the second feeding cavity (202) and the third feeding cavity (203) are gradually reduced along the feeding cross-sectional area of the storage bin (2);

the feeding rod (4) is matched with the storage bin (2) and reciprocates in the storage bin (2) along the axial direction of the feeding rod (4);

a limiting device (401) is arranged on the feeding rod (4), and the stroke of the feeding rod (4) limited by the limiting device (401) is not more than the length of the first feeding cavity (201);

the limiting device (401) is detachably connected with the feeding rod (4), and the installation position of the limiting device can be adjusted along the length direction of the feeding rod (4).

2. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 1 wherein:

at least one second feeding cavity (202) is communicated with the first feeding cavity (201);

at least one of the third feeding chambers (203) is communicated with the second feeding chamber (202).

3. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the first feeding cavity (201), the second feeding cavity (202) and the third feeding cavity (203) are cylindrical structures.

4. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 3 wherein:

the diameter of the first feeding cavity (201) is between 20 and 30mm, and the length of the first feeding cavity is between 100 and 200 mm;

the diameter of the second feeding cavity (202) is between 4 and 10m, and the length of the second feeding cavity is between 15 and 45 mm;

the diameter of the third feeding cavity (203) is between 2.5 and 6mm, and the length of the third feeding cavity is between 50 and 90 mm.

5. The rapid prototyping apparatus of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, wherein:

the storage bin (2) is of a hollow structure, and the first feeding cavity (201), the second feeding cavity (202) and the third feeding cavity (203) are arranged in the hollow structure of the storage bin (2);

the feeding rod (4) is of a rod-shaped structure and is matched with the first feeding cavity (201) of the storage bin (2) in shape;

the spray head (3) is arranged at the bottom of the hollow structure;

the heating module (5) is annularly arranged outside the storage bin (2).

6. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 5 wherein: the limiting device (401) is in threaded connection with the feeding rod (4).

7. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 6 wherein: the feeding rod (4) is of a plunger rod-shaped structure or a threaded rod-shaped structure.

8. The rapid prototyping apparatus of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, wherein:

the silo (2) comprises a first annular part (204) and a second annular part (205) sleeved outside the first annular part (204);

the first feeding cavity (201), the second feeding cavity (202) and the third feeding cavity (203) are arranged in a gap between the first annular part (204) and the second annular part (205).

9. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 8 wherein: the feeding rod (4) is of a rod-shaped structure and is matched with the first feeding cavity (201) in shape;

the spray head (3) is connected to the second annular portion (205);

the heating module (5) is arranged inside the first annular part (204) of the storage bin (2).

10. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 9 wherein: the limiting device (401) is in threaded connection with the feeding rod (4).

11. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 10, wherein: the feeding rod (4) is of a plunger rod-shaped structure or a threaded rod-shaped structure.

12. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 1 wherein:

a discharging cavity (301) communicated with the third feeding cavity (203) is formed in the spray head (3);

the front end of the discharging cavity (301) is provided with a discharging hole (302) for extruding the ultra-high molecular weight polymer in a molten state.

13. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as defined in claim 12, wherein: the diameter of the discharging cavity (301) is 1.5-2.5 mm;

the diameter of the discharge hole (302) is 0.3-1.2 mm.

14. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 13, wherein: the spray head (3) is detachably connected with the storage bin (2).

15. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 14, wherein: the outside of shower nozzle (3) be provided with feed bin (2) complex screw thread.

16. The rapid prototyping apparatus of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as set forth in claim 1 wherein:

the heating zone is at least divided into a first heating zone (501), a second heating zone (502) and a third heating zone (503) from the top to the bottom of the storage bin (2);

the heating temperatures of the first heating area (501), the second heating area (502) and the third heating area (503) are increased in sequence.

17. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymer as recited in claim 16, wherein: the first heating area (501) corresponds to the first feeding cavity (201);

the second heating area (502) corresponds to the second feeding cavity (202);

the third heating area (503) corresponds to the third feeding cavity (203).

18. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 17, wherein: in any heating zone among the first heating zone (501), the second heating zone (502) and the third heating zone (503), the heating of the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is uniform heating.

19. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 18, wherein: in the third heating zone (503), the ultra-high molecular weight polymer is in a molten state.

20. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 19, wherein: the heating temperature of the heating module (5) is between 100 ℃ and 450 ℃.

21. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 20, wherein: the heating module (5) is a heating wire.

22. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 16, wherein: the heating device also comprises a temperature detection device (8) which is arranged in the third heating area (503) of the heating module (5) and is used for detecting the temperature of the heating module (5).

23. The apparatus for rapid prototyping of ultra-high molecular weight polymers as set forth in claim 22, wherein: the spray head (3) heats the spray head (3) through the heat transfer of the heating module (5) or a heating device arranged on the spray head (3).

Images