CN117758013B - Method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy - Google Patents
Method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN117758013B CN117758013B CN202410196114.1A CN202410196114A CN117758013B CN 117758013 B CN117758013 B CN 117758013B CN 202410196114 A CN202410196114 A CN 202410196114A CN 117758013 B CN117758013 B CN 117758013B
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007133 aluminothermic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum induction melting of high-temperature alloy, and discloses a method for adding aluminum into vacuum melting high-temperature alloy, which comprises the following steps: taking an aluminum ingot according to the aluminum feeding quantity, drilling a hole at one end of the aluminum ingot in the length direction, using an aluminum wire to pass through the hole to be set as a hanging strip, and using the aluminum wire to bundle the aluminum ingots together at intervals in the length direction; hanging the bundled aluminum ingot on a hook of a feeding bin of a vacuum smelting furnace; after molten steel in the vacuum melting furnace is cooled to form a film, a hook is put down, firstly, the bundled aluminum ingot is downwards moved to the liquid level of the molten steel, then the aluminum ingot is slowly downwards moved to 5-20mm below the liquid level of the molten steel, and the aluminum ingot is melted; pulling up the hook to slowly move the bundled aluminum ingot up to above the liquid level of the molten steel, and cooling the molten steel stably; repeating the operation until the bundled aluminum ingot is completely melted. The invention can realize the temperature control melting of the aluminum ingot, accurately control the element proportion and avoid the oxygenation and nitrogen increase of molten steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy vacuum induction smelting, in particular to a method for adding aluminum into high-temperature alloy by vacuum smelting.
Background
The existing method for adding aluminum in vacuum smelting of high-temperature alloy mainly uses aluminum beans, aluminum particles or aluminum blocks, after refining of the high-temperature alloy, the high-temperature alloy is stood and cooled to form film on the surface of molten steel, and then the film is added once or for many times through a feeding barrel of an upper feeding bin. When the aluminum content exceeds 1%, violent reaction is easy to occur after aluminum is added once, so that the surface molten steel is heated up rapidly, volatilization of alloy elements and erosion of a crucible caused by high temperature are easy to occur, and meanwhile, crucible materials enter the molten steel, so that the purity of the molten steel and the service life of the crucible are also reduced. The aluminum is added for many times, then the upper charging bin is required to be broken and vacuumized after aluminum is added for many times, the efficiency is low, incomplete vacuum in the upper charging chamber can be caused, and the problems of oxygen increasing and nitrogen increasing of molten steel caused by air exist. In addition, in the conventional operation, after the materials are placed in the feeding barrel, the lotus leaves at the bottom of the feeding barrel are fastened through cotton wires, the motor is utilized to reduce the charging barrel to the surface of molten steel, the cotton wires are baked to be broken at the high temperature of the molten steel, and therefore the materials are added into the crucible. Thus, the material is easy to fall into the molten steel instantly during feeding, and splashing is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy. The invention can realize the temperature control melting of the aluminum ingot, accurately control the element proportion and avoid the oxygenation and nitrogen increase of molten steel.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy, which comprises the following steps:
S1, taking an aluminum ingot according to aluminum feeding, drilling a hole at one end of the aluminum ingot in the length direction, using an aluminum wire to pass through the hole to be arranged as a hanging strip, and using the aluminum wire to bundle the aluminum ingots together at intervals in the length direction; hanging the bundled aluminum ingot on a hook of a feeding bin of a vacuum smelting furnace;
S2, after molten steel in the vacuum melting furnace is cooled to form a film, a hook is put down, firstly, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved down to the liquid level of the molten steel, then the aluminum ingot is slowly moved down to 5-20mm below the liquid level of the molten steel, and the aluminum ingot is melted; after 5-20s, the hook is pulled up, the bundled aluminum ingot is slowly moved upwards to be above the liquid level of the molten steel, and the molten steel is cooled stably;
And S3, repeating the step S2 until the bundled aluminum ingots are completely melted.
Further, in S1, the interval between the interval bundles is 130-160mm.
Preferably, in S1, the specification of the aluminum ingot is YS/T665 refined aluminum ingot for remelting, and the weight is 20 Kg/piece.
Preferably, in S1, the diameter of the aluminum wire is specifically 1.0-2.0mm pure aluminum wire.
Further, in the step S1, the number of the aluminum ingots is two, two aluminum ingots are bundled into one group, and then each group of aluminum ingots are bundled together;
In S1, the number of aluminum ingots is singular, two aluminum ingots are bundled into a group, and then each group of aluminum ingots and a single aluminum ingot are bundled together.
Further, in S2, after the bundled aluminum ingot is hung on a hook of a feeding bin of the vacuum melting furnace, the feeding bin is closed, and the vacuum pumping treatment is carried out in the feeding bin for standby.
Further, in S2, the downward moving speed is 2-5mm/S; the upward moving speed is 5-20mm/s.
Preferably, in S2, the aluminum ingot slowly moves upwards to 20-30mm above the liquid level of the molten steel.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following specific beneficial effects:
1. The volatilization of alloy elements in the molten steel caused by the rapid temperature rise of the molten steel by adding aluminum into the molten steel once is reduced, the yield of the alloy elements is improved, the components of the product are precisely controlled, and the yield of the aluminum is over 99.5 percent.
2. The corrosion of the crucible caused by the heating of the aluminum added into the molten steel is reduced, the entry of crucible slag or impurities into the molten steel is reduced, the purity of the molten steel is improved, and the service life of the crucible is prolonged.
3. The oxygen and nitrogen increasing of molten steel caused by the fact that the charging bin on the equipment is broken and vacuumized for multiple times is avoided by adding the molten steel once, and the oxygen and nitrogen content of the molten steel is lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of two aluminum ingot bundling according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of three aluminum ingot bundling according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a nine-ingot bundling according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of six aluminum ingot bundling according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
The embodiment provides a method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy, which comprises the following steps:
Taking a 1T vacuum induction melting furnace for melting K465 alloy and adding aluminum as an example:
① The aluminum content in the K465 alloy is 5.1-6.0%, the aluminum is fed into a 1T vacuum induction melting furnace for melting, the weight of the aluminum required for the batching calculation is 55.5Kg, and the weight of a single aluminum ingot is 20Kg, so that 3 aluminum ingots are required to be used;
② Punching two holes on one end of each aluminum ingot in the length direction by using a puncher, weighing, adjusting and cutting the aluminum ingot and matching aluminum wires to enable the weight of the aluminum ingot to meet the requirement of the matching;
③ Selecting a phi 1.5mm pure aluminum wire, bundling two aluminum ingots as a group by using the aluminum wire, and bundling all the aluminum ingots together at intervals of 150mm along the length direction of the aluminum ingots, as shown in figure 1; binding the excessive aluminum ingots with the other two aluminum ingots through aluminum wires, as shown in fig. 2; then, aluminum wires penetrate through holes punched on all aluminum ingots, and the bundled aluminum ingots are hung on hooks of a feeding bin through the aluminum wires;
④ Closing a bin gate of the feeding bin, vacuumizing the inside of the feeding bin, and opening a gate valve between the feeding bin and the smelting chamber after the vacuum is satisfied;
⑤ The hook is put down, firstly, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved down to the liquid level of molten steel, then is moved down to 5-20mm below the liquid level of molten steel at the speed of 4mm/s, and the aluminum ingot is melted; after 15s, the hook is pulled up, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved up to 20-30mm above the liquid level of the molten steel at the speed of 15mm/s, and the molten steel is cooled stably;
⑥ Step ⑤ is repeated until the bundled aluminum ingot is completely melted.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment provides a method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy, which comprises the following steps:
taking a 3T vacuum induction melting furnace for melting K418 alloy and adding aluminum as an example:
① The aluminum content in the K418 alloy is 5.5-6.4%, the aluminum is smelted in a 3T vacuum induction smelting furnace, 3000Kg of aluminum is charged, the aluminum charging weight is 178.5Kg for batching calculation, the weight of a single aluminum ingot is 20Kg, and 9 aluminum ingots are used;
② Punching two holes on one end of each aluminum ingot in the length direction by using a puncher, weighing, adjusting and cutting the aluminum ingot and matching aluminum wires to enable the weight of the aluminum ingot to meet the requirement of the matching;
③ Selecting a phi 1.5mm pure aluminum wire, bundling two aluminum ingots as a group by using the aluminum wire, and bundling all the aluminum ingots together at intervals of 150mm along the length direction of the aluminum ingots, as shown in figure 1; binding two groups of aluminum ingots which are bound together by using aluminum wires; finally, independently bundling the extra aluminum ingot with the bundled aluminum ingot again, as shown in fig. 3; then, aluminum wires penetrate through holes punched on all aluminum ingots, and all the bundled aluminum ingots are hung on hooks of a feeding bin through the aluminum wires;
④ Closing a bin gate of the feeding bin, vacuumizing the inside of the feeding bin, and opening a gate valve between the feeding bin and the smelting chamber after the vacuum is satisfied;
⑤ The hook is put down, the bundled aluminum ingot is firstly moved down to the liquid level of the molten steel, and then the aluminum ingot is melted at the speed of 4mm/s to 5-20mm below the liquid level of the molten steel; after 15s, the hook is pulled up, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved up to 20-30mm above the liquid level of the molten steel at the speed of 15mm/s, and the molten steel is cooled stably;
⑥ Step ⑤ is repeated until the bundled aluminum ingot is completely melted.
Embodiment 3:
The embodiment provides a method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy, which comprises the following steps:
Taking a 3T vacuum induction melting furnace for melting K438 alloy and adding aluminum as an example:
① The aluminum content in the K438 alloy is 3.2% -3.7%, the aluminum is charged 3100Kg in a 3T vacuum induction smelting furnace, the aluminum charging weight required by the batching calculation is 107Kg, and the weight of a single aluminum ingot is 20Kg, so that 6 aluminum ingots are required to be used;
② Punching two holes on one end of each aluminum ingot in the length direction by using a puncher, weighing, adjusting and cutting the aluminum ingot and matching aluminum wires to enable the weight of the aluminum ingot to meet the requirement of the matching;
③ Selecting a phi 1.5mm pure aluminum wire, bundling two aluminum ingots as a group by using the aluminum wire, and bundling all the aluminum ingots together at intervals of 150mm along the length direction of the aluminum ingots, as shown in figure 1; binding the two groups of aluminum ingots which are bound together by aluminum wires, as shown in fig. 4; then, aluminum wires penetrate through holes punched on all aluminum ingots, and the bundled aluminum ingots are hung on hooks of a feeding bin through the aluminum wires;
④ Closing a bin gate of the feeding bin, vacuumizing the inside of the feeding bin, and opening a gate valve between the feeding bin and the smelting chamber after the vacuum is satisfied;
⑤ The hook is put down, firstly, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved down to the liquid level of molten steel, then is moved down to 5-20mm below the liquid level of molten steel at the speed of 4mm/s, and the aluminum ingot is melted; after 15s, the hook is pulled up, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved up to 20-30mm above the liquid level of the molten steel at the speed of 15mm/s, and the molten steel is cooled stably;
⑥ Step ⑤ is repeated until the bundled aluminum ingot is completely melted.
Comparative example 1:
taking a 1T vacuum induction melting furnace for melting K418 as an example
① The aluminum content in the K418 alloy is 5.5-6.4%, the weight of the material is 1000Kg, and the weight of the material to be added is 59.5Kg;
② Weighing 59.5Kg by using aluminum beans or aluminum blocks, and adding aluminum by using a feeding barrel of an upper feeding bin;
③ Binding fan blade hooks at the bottom of a feeding barrel by using cotton ropes, filling a layer of paper at the bottom, adding aluminum beans or aluminum blocks into the feeding barrel, and hanging the feeding barrel on a hook of an upper feeding bin;
④ Closing the door of the upper feeding bin, vacuumizing the upper feeding bin, and opening a gate valve between the feeding bin and the smelting chamber after the vacuum is satisfied;
⑤ And the lower lifting hook descends the feeding barrel to the upper part of the molten steel, and aluminum beans or aluminum blocks are lifted into the molten steel to finish aluminum feeding after the molten steel is used for baking the cotton rope at high temperature.
Comparative example 2:
Taking a 3T vacuum induction melting furnace for melting K465 as an example
① The aluminum content in the K465 alloy is 5.1-6.0%, the 3T vacuum induction melting furnace is used for melting, the feeding weight is 3000Kg, and the weight of the aluminum required to be added in the calculation of the ingredients is 166.5Kg;
② Weighing 166.5Kg by using aluminum beans or aluminum blocks, and adding aluminum for multiple times by using a feeding barrel of an upper feeding bin;
③ Binding fan blade hooks at the bottom of a feeding barrel by using cotton ropes, filling a layer of paper at the bottom, adding about 55.5Kg of aluminum beans or aluminum blocks into the feeding barrel, and hanging the feeding barrel on a hook of an upper feeding bin;
④ Closing the door of the upper feeding bin, vacuumizing the upper feeding bin, and opening a gate valve between the feeding bin and the smelting chamber after the vacuum is satisfied;
⑤ And the lower lifting hook descends the feeding barrel to the upper part of the molten steel, and aluminum beans or aluminum blocks are lifted into the molten steel to finish aluminum feeding after the molten steel is used for baking the cotton rope at high temperature.
⑥ And after the temperature of the molten steel in the crucible is stable, repeating the operation ③-⑤ until all aluminum is added into the molten steel.
The above comparative example was compared with the embodiment of the present invention, and in the comparative example, the crucible of the conventional aluminum feeding method showed large-area splashing in the molten steel by adding the aluminum beans and the aluminum blocks, and showed large-area severe erosion of slag at the liquid surface layer. The crucible erosion width of the conventional aluminum adding mode in the comparative example is 5-15mm wider than that of the aluminum adding mode in the invention, and the erosion depth is 1-3mm deeper than that of the aluminum adding mode in the invention. In the comparative example, crucible materials corroded by the conventional aluminum adding mode enter molten steel, the purity grade of the molten steel is more than or equal to 2, and the purity grade of the molten steel in the aluminum adding mode is less than or equal to 2.
In the comparative example, aluminum is added for a plurality of times in a conventional aluminum adding mode, and the upper charging bin is broken and vacuumized for a plurality of times. The vacuum degree after vacuumizing is 20-50Pa which is also obviously higher than the vacuum degree of the smelting chamber by 0.1-1Pa, and oxygen and nitrogen which are not completely pumped out of the upper feeding chamber and the smelting chamber enter molten steel in the smelting chamber when gate valves of the upper feeding chamber and the smelting chamber are opened, so that oxygenation and nitrogen increase are caused. The conventional aluminum adding mode in the comparative example is respectively increased by 0.2-1ppm and 0.5-3ppm compared with the oxygen and nitrogen contents in the molten steel of the aluminum adding mode in the invention.
In the conventional aluminum addition method in the comparative example, aluminum was sprayed to the crucible wall due to the sputtering during the aluminum addition. And because of the severe aluminothermic reaction in the process of adding aluminum, the molten steel is quickly heated to volatilize aluminum, and the yield of aluminum is reduced by 1.5-6% compared with the aluminum adding mode.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the same, not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for adding aluminum into a vacuum melting superalloy, comprising the steps of:
S1, taking an aluminum ingot according to aluminum feeding, drilling a hole at one end of the aluminum ingot in the length direction, using an aluminum wire to pass through the hole to be arranged as a hanging strip, and using the aluminum wire to bundle the aluminum ingots together at intervals in the length direction; hanging the bundled aluminum ingot on a hook of a feeding bin of a vacuum smelting furnace;
S2, after molten steel in the vacuum melting furnace is cooled to form a film, a hook is put down, firstly, the bundled aluminum ingot is moved down to the liquid level of the molten steel, then the aluminum ingot is slowly moved down to 5-20mm below the liquid level of the molten steel, and the aluminum ingot is melted; after 5-20s, the hook is pulled up, the bundled aluminum ingot is slowly moved upwards to be above the liquid level of the molten steel, and the molten steel is cooled stably;
And S3, repeating the step S2 until the bundled aluminum ingots are completely melted.
2. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, the interval of the interval binding is 130-160mm.
3. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, the specification of the aluminum ingot is YS/T665 refined aluminum ingot for remelting, and the weight of the aluminum ingot is 20 Kg/piece.
4. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: in S1, the diameter of the aluminum wire is specifically 1.0-2.0mm pure aluminum wire.
5. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: in the S1, the number of the aluminum ingots is two, two aluminum ingots are bundled into one group, and then each group of aluminum ingots are bundled together;
In S1, the number of aluminum ingots is singular, two aluminum ingots are bundled into a group, and then each group of aluminum ingots and a single aluminum ingot are bundled together.
6. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: and S2, hanging the bundled aluminum ingot on a hook of a feeding bin of the vacuum melting furnace, closing the feeding bin, and vacuumizing the feeding bin for later use.
7. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: s2, the downward moving speed is 2-5mm/S; the upward moving speed is 5-20mm/s.
8. The method for adding aluminum to vacuum melting superalloy according to claim 1, wherein: and S2, slowly moving the aluminum ingot upwards to 20-30mm above the liquid level of the molten steel.
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GB882319A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1961-11-15 | Cleveland Electro Metals Co | Improvements in or relating to a method of treating molten steel |
CN103114172A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Calcium treatment method of vacuum induction furnace in smelting experimental steel |
CN109099706A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-28 | 成都航宇超合金技术有限公司 | Vacuum melting furnace feeder |
CN211665156U (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-10-13 | 郑州郑飞锻铸有限责任公司 | Suspension type refining agent feeding device |
CN116200619A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-02 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Lithium adding system and lithium adding method for smelting aluminum lithium alloy in medium-frequency smelting furnace |
CN116479251A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-07-25 | 北京中辰至刚科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-entropy alloy cast ingot |
-
2024
- 2024-02-22 CN CN202410196114.1A patent/CN117758013B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB882319A (en) * | 1956-11-13 | 1961-11-15 | Cleveland Electro Metals Co | Improvements in or relating to a method of treating molten steel |
CN103114172A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-05-22 | 内蒙古包钢钢联股份有限公司 | Calcium treatment method of vacuum induction furnace in smelting experimental steel |
CN109099706A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-28 | 成都航宇超合金技术有限公司 | Vacuum melting furnace feeder |
CN211665156U (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-10-13 | 郑州郑飞锻铸有限责任公司 | Suspension type refining agent feeding device |
CN116200619A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-06-02 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Lithium adding system and lithium adding method for smelting aluminum lithium alloy in medium-frequency smelting furnace |
CN116479251A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-07-25 | 北京中辰至刚科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-entropy alloy cast ingot |
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