CN103114172A - Calcium treatment method of vacuum induction furnace in smelting experimental steel - Google Patents
Calcium treatment method of vacuum induction furnace in smelting experimental steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103114172A CN103114172A CN2013100669073A CN201310066907A CN103114172A CN 103114172 A CN103114172 A CN 103114172A CN 2013100669073 A CN2013100669073 A CN 2013100669073A CN 201310066907 A CN201310066907 A CN 201310066907A CN 103114172 A CN103114172 A CN 103114172A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a calcium treatment method of a vacuum induction furnace in smelting experimental steel, and belongs to the technical field of steel metallurgy. The calcium treatment method comprises the following steps of: designing a calcium treatment device with a core-spun wire harness inserted by utilizing the sampler of the vacuum induction furnace; inserting the core-spun wire harness into a crucible on a position positioned below a molten steel liquid surface by one half to two thirds under the condition of refining (high vacuum or/and bottom argon blowing) of molten steel inside the crucible of the vacuum induction furnace, and adjusting a sampling device for resetting after 30-90 seconds; after the core-spun wire harness is inserted into the molten steel inside the crucible, continuously blowing argon for 1-5 minutes; stopping the bottom argon blowing; and pouring the molten steel into an ingot mould.The calcium treatment method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of easiness, convenience and practicability for calcium treatment operation, novel, high-efficiency and unique calcium treatment method and high recovery rate and few impurity of calcium elements.
Description
One, affiliated technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ferrous metallurgy, be specifically related to a kind of calcium treating method of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel.
Two, background technology
China is the big steel country of World Steel output first, but rolling shapes, quality and Foreign Advanced Lerel also have sizable gap, still has a considerable amount of steel to need import.
Modern steel product R﹠D process, the research staff expects to use the hundreds of kilogram, tens kilograms, even tens kilogram weights sample replaces tens of tons of steel billet, roll experimental installation with small-scale smelting and replace huge smelting to roll production unit, roll the truth that the pilot experiment innovation platform reflects large-scale steel production scene with this small-scale smelting.
Need to build and rely on so small-scale smelting to roll the pilot experiment innovation platform and carry out new-product development, with small sample, under the experiment condition of strict control, simulate the smelting of industrial condition and roll pilot experiment.
Roll the test simulation that the pilot experiment innovation platform is carried out smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling and deep processing operation by smelting, not only can effectively avoid risk, accomplish that research and development of products is low-cost, high-level efficiency, also help and carry out forward position, great, general character, basic technology research in a deep going way, the ability that promotes original innovation, integrated innovation and assimilate advanced foreign technologies and further refine them is made a collection of core technology and key product conscientiously.
The pilot experiment innovation platform is rolled in smelting, mainly partly consisted of by steel-making, steel rolling, aftertreatment etc., it is multi-functional, combined pilot experiment research equipment, simulation and reproduction modernization are smelted, rolling and deep-processing process, the pilot scale research platform that surmounts the existing operation of rolling, be " plate pipe path " steel new product development analog rolling plate tensile sample, guarantee controllability and the reliability of rolling technique, equipment and research and development of products experimental result.
Important bridge that to be scientific and technological achievement transform to production field that the pilot experiment innovation platform is rolled in smelting is the key link of research and production combination, is bottleneck and the interface of realizing industrialization, is the Important Action of promoting enterprise upgrading transition of depending on science and technology.
Smelting is rolled the pilot experiment innovation platform and iron and steel enterprise's Production Flow Chart optimization, product up-gradation and the market competitiveness are improved is played important basic supporting role, and therefore, the construction of pilot experiment innovation platform is rolled promoting energetically smelting by domestic and international many iron and steel enterprises at present.This be in iron and steel enterprise's scientific and technical innovation one have universality, basic work, also be the general character research topic concerning iron and steel enterprise's efficient, quality, cost, significant to the competitive power that improves enterprise.
Calcium is processed
Calcium is processed and refer to add calcium alloy carries out morphology Control to the inclusion in the molten steel technology in molten steel.It is to important method extremely low-level, that control oxide compound, sulfide inclusion sex change with steel liquid deoxidation, desulfurization that calcium is processed.Control the oxide compound of steel product, shape, size and the distribution of sulfide inclusion with calcium, even the calcic inclusion that obtains is through keeping its sphere after the follow-up hot work operation, thereby prevented the formation of chain oxide compound, strip sulfide, the anisotropy of steel product performance is significantly reduced, and especially can improve product Z-direction, horizontal ductility.The advantage that calcium is processed is that the handiness of technique is strong, degree of cleaning, the occurrence frequency that reduces nozzle clogging that can improve molten steel, workability, ductility and the impact property that improves steel product.Only have the calcium of allowing to add to greatest extent in the molten steel, can improve the calcium processing efficiency, reduce the calcium processing cost.Therefore, the calcium treatment process stability that ladle is fed cored-wire is an important research topic, still needs to carry out a large amount of experimental studies, Continuous optimization line feeding technique, and accurately control is to improve the recovery rate of calcium.
LADLE REFINING PROCESS AND has been used very general in STEELMAKING PRODUCTION, and the secondary oxidation behind the ladle refining and temperature reduce can generate deoxidation products, is suspended in the molten steel thereby form inclusion, and this almost is inevitable in STEELMAKING PRODUCTION.The kind of inclusion on the impact of product performance after deliberation comparatively clear, in order to prevent that the infectious inclusion of product is remained in the steel, perhaps in order to change the inclusion harmless to product performance (inclusion innoxious) into haveing no alternative but remain in inclusion in the steel, the morphology Control of inclusion is already arisen at the historic moment.
Calcium is processed Al
2O
3The sex change of inclusion
The most fusing points of the aluminate that exists in the steel of aluminium deoxidation are very high, are solid-state under casting temperature, are easy to build up at the middle water containing opening place cause obstruction.And remain in Al in the steel
2O
3Inclusion is hard fragility with the matrix phase ratio of steel, is easy to be broken and prolongs the rolling direction continuous distribution in the operation of rolling, thereby cause serious defective.Al
2O
3The density ratio molten steel density that is inclusion is little, if can control the form of aluminium deoxidation product it is in a liquid state under the steel-making continuous casting temperature, just can make this a large amount of class deoxidation productss come-up removal from molten steel before entering tundish, not only can alleviate the clogging of tundish nozzle were problem and guarantee that continuous casting carries out smoothly, and can increase steel degree of cleaning, improve the quality of steel.
Calcium process be in molten steel, add calcium make its with steel in aluminum oxide formation CaO-Al
2O
3Based compound, thus reached Al
2O
3The modification of inclusion.
Calcium is processed the denaturing treatment that MnS is mingled with
MnS is different from physical properties such as the coefficient of expansion of steel matrix, and the two differs larger.In the inclusions area scope, owing to the difference of the coefficient of expansion has formed a kind of so-called pre-destruction region, this generation and development to fracture has decisive role.In the tube rolling process, bulk in the pipe or block MnS are along the longitudinal extension distortion of tube rolling, form the strip inclusion, MnS and the steel matrix of distortion have increased the interface, because the swell increment of the two is different, shrinkage is also different when then cooling off, just produced internal stress between MnS and steel matrix interface like this, weakened the bonding force of the two, so small strain just can form the cavity between the interface, the transverse pitch between the cavity is very little, when overstepping the extreme limit range of strain, the polymerization in cavity just occurs, and causes plastic cracking.In addition, MnS is mingled with the easy housing hydrogen in the gap that causes owing to the coefficient of expansion is different from steel matrix, becomes the trap of hydrogen, increases the susceptibility of hydrogen induced cracking; MnS is mingled with the gap that causes owing to the coefficient of expansion is different from matrix easily becomes the cracking source of stress corrosion, cause the formation of corrosion hole etc.So form and the composition of control MnS are very important.
Ca processes can not only control Al
2O
3Form and composition, also can control form and the composition of MnS.Regardless of Al amount in the steel, as long as add Ca, generally generate sphere or bulk CaS or (Ca, Mn) S, avoided the formation of dendritic crystal state MnS.
The calcium treatment process
The control requirement of the front S content of line feeding (silk)
In the ladle furnace refining process, feed the Ca line to molten steel and process and specifically to control by following requirement: w[S]＜press the 550g/t steel 0.005% the time and add CaSi line, w[S]＞700g/t steel adding CaSi line pressed 0.005% the time.
In general carry out should taking off sulphur to below 0.01% before the calcium processing, otherwise larger to the consumption of calcium, also can generate more dystectic sulfurated lime simultaneously.
The front Argon of line feeding (silk) and Argon amount
Argon in the LF, main purpose are deoxidation, desulfurization, even molten steel composition and the temperature that promotes molten steel, impel the steel inclusion come-up.If but designed unreasonablely, misoperation would not only reach effect, can bring negative impact on the contrary.As the tolerance of jetting is less or the nozzle location design is unreasonable, and the mixing effect of steel is poor, and reacting dynamics condition is bad, can not reach desirable refining effect; Winding-up tolerance is excessive, easily causes the molten steel face exposed, also very easily forms slag, also increases consumption and the cost of argon gas simultaneously.The reasonable intensity control of Argon when position, the degree of depth, speed and the line feeding (silk) of line feeding (silk).
Line feeding process " simultaneously Argon " has become the common recognition of most people, but the front Argon of line feeding is conducive to the mixing of molten steel more, and calcium takes full advantage of when being conducive to line feeding.
The reasonable intensity control of Argon when the degree of depth speed of line feeding (silk) and line feeding (silk)
In order in ladle, evenly distributing, to require the line feeding position in ladle, to stir on the position of kinetic energy maximum after the calcium line fusing that guarantees to feed.And argon gas post position top just in time is to stir the position of kinetic energy maximum in the whole ladle, thus should calcium line be inserted on this position, namely the silk thread on position should with gas permeable brick on the same level position.
Argon after the line feeding (silk) purifies
Should carry out Argon behind the ladle feeding line, the reaction product that is retained in the molten steel be floated in the slag blanket on by stirring polymerization, but must prevent being involved in of slag.Therefore to guarantee certain argon blowing time, also will control argon flow amount simultaneously, be advisable with little the turning over of molten steel.After the ladle feeding line, do not allow to heat again temperature adjustment or add other alloy, slowly stir then continuous casting of 2～3min.
It not is a kind of new technology that calcium is processed, but it has but shone new vitality in the new historical stage.Be accompanied by the development of near net shape continuous casting, calcium is processed in steel mill produces and is being played the part of more and more important role.The calcium treatment facility is simple, and is easy to operate, and running cost is low, so nearly all continuous casting plant all has been equipped with the calcium treatment facility.
Although yet the calcium treatment technology drops into practicality very early, how accurately must control it to be a problem that is worth probing in better being applied to produce always, wherein relate to many theories of seeking knowledge, also require to do a large amount of experiments.Along with near net shape continuous casting is more and more higher to the requirement of steel quality, the recent studies on of calcium treatment technology is inevitable also can put on the agenda, so research and development prospect a slice that calcium is processed is bright.
The calcium of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel is processed
Modern steel product innovation, new technology R﹠D process can not be done the smelting experiments experiment with nearly hundred tons of molten steel to the hundreds of ton of a stove at production line, can not do the hot rolling experiment with a steel billet of tens tons of weighing; Needing will huge Metallurgical Factory, the smelting of complexity, rolling and aftertreatment technology research process are concentrated to a small-scale smelting and roll on the pilot experiment development platform, rolls the test simulation that the pilot experiment innovation platform is carried out smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling and deep processing operation by smelting.
Vacuum induction furnace rolls the part of pilot experiment development platform as smelting, with the low capacity molten steel, under the experiment condition of strict control, simulating smelting experiment and the calcium of experiment molten steel under the industrial condition processes, it is an important research topic, still need to carry out a large amount of experimental studies, Continuous optimization line feeding technique, accurately control is to improve the recovery rate of calcium.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to cause calcium to be processed in vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel molten steel for high vacuum, air tight condition because of vacuum induction furnace can not widespread use, be the calcium treatment process that overcomes existing vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel and defective and the deficiency of material forms thereof, a kind of calcium treating method of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel is provided, and market application foreground is wide.
A kind of calcium treating method of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel, it comprises following step:
(1) the good silico-calcium of computation and measurement or iron-calcium core-spun yarn number, form the cored wire harness with the thin wire binding, then the end with the cored wire harness is bundled on the end that inserts steel pipe or insertion rod iron with thin wire, the other end that will insert again steel pipe or insertion rod iron is fixed on the vacuum induction furnace bell sampler, and ingot mold is placed in the high vacuum induction furnace;
(2) pure iron (or home scrap), iron alloy are packed in the vacuum induction furnace crucible, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, (metallic copper), iron alloy etc. are put into repeatedly loading hopper;
(3) close bell after, the cored wire harness namely places in the high vacuum induction furnace, vacuumizes 12 minutes to 15 minutes, send the electrically heated furnace charge;
(4) furnace charge fusing in the crucible;
(5) pack in the crucible and repeatedly the solid material in the loading hopper all be fused into molten steel;
(6) after refining finishes, stop to vacuumize, and in the vacuum oven cavity, be filled with argon gas;
(7) add Al ball or Si-Ca-Ba deoxidation;
(8) according to liquid steel level state in the crucible, adjust BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING pressure, BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 3～8 minutes;
(9) under argon shield atmosphere, adjust sampling unit and descend, with about 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level in the cored wire harness insertion crucible, after 30～90 seconds, adjust sampling unit and reset;
(10) after molten steel inserts the cored wire harness in the crucible, continued BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 1～5 minute, stop BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING, molten steel is poured in the ingot mould.
The calcium treating method of this vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel, the calcium constituent rate of recovery is high, be mingled with less, be evenly distributed.
The kind of cored wire harness can be a kind of of pure calcium line, high calcium line, silicon-calcium wire, iron calcium line.
Because the present invention has adopted technique scheme, the present invention compares following advantage and effect with conventional art: during the form of molten steel insertion cored wire harness is applied to produce as a trial in the vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel in this vacuum induction furnace crucible, simple, convenient, practical, calcium treatment process time shorten, calcium treating method is novel, efficient, unique; The process for machining and manufacturing of calcium treatment unit is easier, does not increase specific equipment and specialized operations personnel; The cored wire harness inserts under the interior liquid steel level of crucible, and the scaling loss decrease of calcium metal, recovery rate increase substantially, and calcium is processed the comprehensive cost decrease, and calcium metal distributing homogeneity in steel increases substantially; The effect that becomes more meticulous that outstanding calcium is processed; The operating environment that calcium is processed is effectively improved, and is mingled with decrease, the raising of experimental steel quality, comprehensive cost reduction in the steel; The calcium treating method of molten steel insertion cored wire harness is stronger to the adaptability of experimental steel kind in this vacuum induction furnace crucible, has widely experimental steel calcium processing application prospect.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the calcium treatment unit structural representation of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel.
1-inserts steel pipe, 2-liquid steel level, 3-sampling unit, 4-sampling unit and inserts steel pipe binding junction, 5-vacuum induction furnace crucible, 6-cored wire harness among the figure.
Five, embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
According to experimental steel molten steel planning capacity, the design of cored-wire add-on, calculate the cored-wire weight that adds, with load weighted cored-wire binding bunchy.The kind of cored wire harness can be a kind of of pure rare-earth metals Ce, pure rare-earth metals La, norium, and the silico-calcium piece.
The design of calcium treatment unit
Design simple and easy calcium treatment unit, simple and easy calcium treatment unit is divided into three parts.
First part is the cored wire harness:
According to experimental steel molten steel planning capacity, the design of cored-wire add-on, calculate the cored-wire weight that adds, with load weighted cored-wire binding bunchy.
Second section is for inserting steel pipe or inserting rod iron:
Insert the about Φ 10～30mm of diameter of steel tube, 300～600mm long low-carbon (LC) welded tube or rod iron, an end that inserts steel pipe is coupling end, namely is connected with the sampling unit binding; The other end is connected for tying in to tie up with cored-wire, inserts steel pipe and belongs to disposable use.
Third part is the vacuum induction furnace sampling unit:
Sampling unit is the part of vacuum induction furnace apparatus body, is positioned on the vacuum induction furnace bell, is used under the vacuum condition in the crucible molten steel and gets the chemical ingredients sample.Utilize sampling unit, with an end of sampling unit with insert the binding of steel pipe one end and be connected, descend by adjusting sampling unit, the cored wire harness is inserted in the crucible about 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level, after 30～90 seconds, the adjustment sampling unit resets.
Calcium is processed the add-on design
The specific requirement that the experimental steel product kind of cored-wire add-on that calcium is processed, calcium are processed is determined.
The calcium treatment condition
Molten steel must through refining (high vacuum or and BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING), reach the condition of molten steel deep deoxidation and dark desulfurization in the crucible.
The calcium process operations
A, be ready to insert 3 of steel pipes in advance, a usefulness two is standby;
B, in advance be ready to insert steel pipe and cored wire harness after, with the cored wire harness with iron wire with insert the binding of steel pipe one end and be connected, with iron wire one end of sampling unit is bundled with the insertion steel pipe the other end and is connected;
C, molten steel are through refining (high vacuum or and BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING);
D, afterwards, utilize immediately simple and easy calcium treatment unit at molten steel through refining (high vacuum or and BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING), descend by adjusting sampling unit, the cored wire harness is inserted 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level, after 30～90 seconds, adjust sampling unit and reset.Continued BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 1～2 minute, molten steel is poured in the ingot mould.
Embodiment 1:
The calcium treating method of a kind of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel of the present invention, at first according to technical requirements and accompanying drawing 1 processing and manufacturing calcium treatment unit and quantity, according to technical requirements and experimental plan prepared silicon calcium core-spun yarn bundle and quantity, insert the binding of steel pipe one end and cored wire harness one end and be connected and fixed, be connected and fixed with the binding of the insertion steel pipe the other end with the end of iron wire with sampling unit.The experimental steel molten steel is through refining (high vacuum or and BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING), reach after the condition of molten steel deep deoxidation and dark desulfurization, utilize immediately simple and easy calcium treatment unit, descend by adjusting sampling unit, silico-calcium cored wire harness is inserted 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level, after 30～90 seconds, adjust sampling unit and reset.Continued BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 1～2 minute, molten steel is poured in the ingot mould.
Embodiment 2:
The calcium treating method of a kind of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel of the present invention, at first according to technical requirements and accompanying drawing 1 processing and manufacturing calcium treatment unit and quantity, prepare iron-calcium core-spun yarn bundle and quantity according to technical requirements and experimental plan, insert steel pipe one end and iron-calcium core-spun yarn Shu Yiduan binding and be connected and fixed, be connected and fixed with the binding of the insertion steel pipe the other end with the end of iron wire with sampling unit.The experimental steel molten steel is through refining (high vacuum or and BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING), reach after the condition of molten steel deep deoxidation and dark desulfurization, utilize immediately simple and easy calcium treatment unit, descend by adjusting sampling unit, the iron-calcium core-spun yarn bundle is inserted 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level, after 30～90 seconds, adjust sampling unit and reset.Continued BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 1～2 minute, molten steel is poured in the ingot mould.
Embodiment 3:
The calcium treating method of a kind of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel of the present invention, at first according to technical requirements and accompanying drawing 1 processing and manufacturing calcium treatment unit and quantity, prepare pure calcium core-spun yarn bundle and quantity according to technical requirements and experimental plan, insert steel pipe one end and pure calcium core-spun yarn Shu Yiduan binding and be connected and fixed, be connected and fixed with the binding of the insertion steel pipe the other end with the end of iron wire with sampling unit.The experimental steel molten steel is through refining (high vacuum or and BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING), reach after the condition of molten steel deep deoxidation and dark desulfurization, utilize immediately simple and easy calcium treatment unit, descend by adjusting sampling unit, pure calcium core-spun yarn bundle is inserted 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level, after 30～90 seconds, adjust sampling unit and reset.Continued BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 1～2 minute, molten steel is poured in the ingot mould.
Claims (2)
1. the calcium treating method of a vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel, it is characterized in that utilizing a kind of calcium treatment unit that inserts the cored wire harness of sampler design, combine by inserting steel pipe or inserting rod iron, cored wire harness, coupling device, the kind of cored wire harness can be a kind of of pure calcium line, high calcium line, silicon-calcium wire, iron calcium line.
2. the calcium treating method of a kind of vacuum induction furnace smelting experimental steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that operation steps is as described below:
(1) the good silico-calcium of computation and measurement or iron-calcium core-spun yarn number, form the cored wire harness with the thin wire binding, then the end with the cored wire harness is bundled on the end that inserts steel pipe or insertion rod iron with thin wire, the other end that will insert again steel pipe or insertion rod iron is fixed on the vacuum induction furnace bell sampler, and ingot mold is placed in the high vacuum induction furnace;
(2) pure iron, iron alloy are packed in the vacuum induction furnace crucible, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, copper, iron alloy etc. are put into repeatedly loading hopper;
(3) close bell after, the cored wire harness namely places in the high vacuum induction furnace, vacuumizes 12 minutes to 15 minutes, send the electrically heated furnace charge;
(4) will pack in the crucible and repeatedly the furnace charge in the loading hopper all melt;
(6) after molten steel finishes through refining in crucible, stop to vacuumize, and in the vacuum oven cavity, be filled with argon gas;
(7) add Al ball or Si-Ca-Ba deoxidation;
(8) according to liquid steel level state in the crucible, adjust BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING pressure, BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING 3～8 minutes;
(9) under argon shield atmosphere, adjust sampling unit and descend, with 1/2～2/3 place under the liquid steel level in the cored wire harness insertion crucible, after 30～90 seconds, adjust sampling unit and reset;
(10) after molten steel inserts the cored wire harness in the crucible, continued Argon 1～5 minute, stop BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING, molten steel is poured in the ingot mould.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104894413A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-09-09 | 新疆大学 | Copper and copper alloy temperature control-pressure regulation smelting method |
| CN107119170A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-01 | 东北大学 | A kind of method being modified to aluminate in high-aluminum steel |
| CN114990282A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-09-02 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Inclusion control method for high-quality bearing steel pressurization calcium treatment |
| CN117758013A (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-26 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy |
| CN117758013B (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-05-17 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104894413A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-09-09 | 新疆大学 | Copper and copper alloy temperature control-pressure regulation smelting method |
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| CN114990282B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2024-03-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Inclusion control method for pressurized calcium treatment of high-quality bearing steel |
| CN117758013A (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-03-26 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy |
| CN117758013B (en) * | 2024-02-22 | 2024-05-17 | 江苏奇纳新材料科技有限公司 | Method for adding aluminum into vacuum smelting superalloy |
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Application publication date: 20130522 |