CN117755384B - Electric forklift and driving mechanism thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric forklifts, in particular to an electric forklift and a driving mechanism thereof, which comprise a forklift body, a forklift head, a forklift chassis, a steering assembly, a retarding assembly and auxiliary driving wheels, wherein the lower end of the steering wheel is connected with the steering assembly; the steering assembly drives a sliding compression bar in the retarding assembly to extrude the extrusion piece on the transmission inner gear ring through the rotation of the steering wheel, and the clutch rack connected with the steering bar slides and drives the clutch compression bar to slide left and right. According to the invention, the retarder assembly is arranged on the driving shaft, the steering assembly rotates to drive the transmission inner gear ring inside the retarder assembly to be attached, and the planetary gear transmission mechanism is used for carrying out speed reduction transmission, so that the problem that the electric forklift is out of control in speed and turns over when turning under heavy load operation is solved.

Description

Electric forklift and driving mechanism thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electric forklifts, in particular to an electric forklifts and a driving mechanism thereof.

Background

The electric forklift adopts the battery or the storage battery pack as a power source, and has the advantages of environmental protection, low energy efficiency and low operation cost compared with the traditional internal combustion engine forklift. In the indoor working environment, the advantages of low noise and no exhaust emission of the electric forklift make the electric forklift an ideal choice for carrying goods. The advantage of flexible handling of electric forklifts makes them efficient in carrying tasks in confined spaces, and therefore electric forklifts are an indispensable tool in modern logistics.

When the existing electric forklift is used for carrying large cargoes close to full load, the electric forklift usually relies on the output of a high-power battery pack of the electric forklift to drive a high-power motor to carry out power support, the electric forklift utilizes front wheels to carry out traction and driving of heavy objects and rear wheels to carry out steering, and a driver is required to reasonably control the speed of the vehicle and properly adjust a steering wheel while the rear wheels carry out steering.

However, because the area of the unloading area of a part of the factory is smaller, the parking position and the unloading passage position of the cargo truck are generally perpendicular to each other, the electric forklift needs to be frequently steered by a driver after loading cargoes with larger loads, at the moment, the front wheels with larger loads of the electric forklift have larger power potential energy due to inertia of the cargoes, the scene of a forklift operation place is single, the driving road surface is flat, the speed of the front wheels of the forklift is out of control due to excessive torsion of the steering wheel when the driver turns greatly, and the forklift with heavy loads is easy to turn on one's side.

In view of the above, in order to overcome the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electric forklift and a driving mechanism thereof, which solve the above technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical purpose to be achieved by the invention is as follows: according to the electric forklift and the driving mechanism thereof, the steering assembly rotates to lock the transmission inner gear ring in the retarding assembly, and the retarding assembly decelerates the driving front wheel through the planetary gear mechanism meshed with the transmission inner gear ring.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

The electric forklift comprises a forklift body, a forklift head and a forklift chassis, wherein the forklift head is mounted at the front end of the forklift body, the forklift chassis is mounted at the bottom end of the forklift body, a steering wheel is arranged in the forklift body, a driving motor unit is mounted on the forklift chassis, a driving shaft is mounted on the driving motor unit, tires in front of the forklift chassis are connected through the driving shaft, and tires behind the forklift chassis are connected through a steering axle; the steering assembly is connected with the steering wheel through the turntable connecting rod, and the turntable connecting rod is connected with the steering axle through a vertical bevel gear set while driving the internal gear to swing in a reciprocating manner through the turntable connecting rod.

The steering wheel lower extreme is connected with the carousel connecting rod, be connected with the increase runner group on the carousel connecting rod, increase the runner group and install on the carousel support frame, the carousel support frame passes through the bracing piece and installs on fork truck chassis, the carousel connecting rod passes through the universal joint and links to each other with the drive connecting rod, the drive connecting rod lower extreme is connected with the steering column through a pair of bevel gear vertical transmission, install swing gear and swing sleeve on the drive connecting rod, swing stopper is installed to swing sleeve upper end, swing stopper is not more than 180 circular arc boss shape, swing sleeve lower extreme is installed on fork truck chassis, the steering column rear end is connected with transition gear through a pair of bevel gear vertical upward, steering slide rail is installed at the steering axle top, install steering rocker in the steering slide rail, steering rocker installs auxiliary shaft through the steering rack and transition gear meshing on the fork truck chassis of its one side of steering axle, the length of auxiliary shaft is less than the length of steering axle.

The steering assembly is used for transmitting the steering wheel torsion to the steering rear wheel to realize left and right rotation. Because the torsion amount and the torsion force of the steering wheel are limited, and the vibration of the steering rear wheel can influence the steering wheel, the steering wheel is additionally arranged on the turntable connecting rod, and the steering wheel is not influenced by the interference of the steering rear wheel by utilizing the rotating speed control principle of the planet wheel and the unidirectional power transmission principle of the worm gear. The rotation increasing worm wheel drives an output shaft connected with the planet wheel support to rotate, the sun wheel is an input end, and the planet wheel is an output end.

The inside worm wheel that increases that is provided with of increase runner group, increase and change worm wheel and the last worm that increases of carousel support frame and mesh mutually, increase and change worm upper end and increase the output shaft of commentaries on classics motor and link to each other, increase the control panel that changes on the carousel support frame and carry out rotational speed control, the control panel passes through the torque sensor on the carousel connecting rod and controls the rotational speed of speed increasing motor, increase the runner group and be planetary gear set, the carousel connecting rod is established ties in proper order through the sun gear and the planet wheel support of increasing the runner group.

The rotating wheel group monitors the state of a rotating disc connecting rod connected with the steering wheel by means of a torque sensor, signals are converted into electric signal data, and the control board determines the torsion auxiliary quantity required by the rotating motor according to the torque signals, so that the angle deflection of the rear wheel is realized, and the running direction of the vehicle is accurately controlled. The design improves the steering performance and the running stability of the vehicle, simultaneously saves energy, protects the environment and prolongs the service life of the steering wheel.

The swing gear is a sector gear, the sector angle is an obtuse angle, and the bottom end of the swing gear is arranged on the lower end plane of the arc boss of the swing sleeve. The transmission connecting rod rotates in the swing sleeve, and the swing sleeve is supported on the forklift chassis. The swing gear rotates on the upper end surface of the swing sleeve and is a sector gear, and the swing gear is meshed with the swing sleeve efficiently. In order to prevent the sector gear from rotating beyond the effective engagement range and causing transmission interruption or damage, a circular boss-shaped swing limiting block is arranged. The end faces at two sides of the swing gear are limited by the swing limiting block, so that the swing limiting block is ensured to be positioned at the correct position, and dislocation is prevented. In addition, the swing limiting block has good wear resistance, so that smooth transmission of the mechanism is ensured, and the service life of transmission parts in the forklift is prolonged.

The driving mechanism of the electric forklift comprises a retarding component and an auxiliary driving wheel, wherein the lower end of the steering component is connected with the retarding component, the retarding component is arranged on a driving shaft for driving a front wheel, a driving shaft is connected to a driving motor group, the driving shaft is connected with the auxiliary shaft, and two ends of the auxiliary shaft are connected with the auxiliary driving wheel; the steering assembly drives the sliding compression bar in the retarding assembly to slide and squeeze the squeezing piece on the transmission inner gear ring through the rotation of the steering wheel, so that the steering bar at the lower end of the steering assembly slides along with the rotation of the steering wheel, and the clutch rack connected with the steering bar drives the clutch compression bar to slide left and right.

The retarder assembly comprises a sliding pressure rod, a sliding plate, a sliding guide plate and retarder discs, wherein the sliding pressure rod is arranged on a turntable support, a sliding rack on the sliding pressure rod is meshed with a swing gear, the sliding plate connected with the lower end of the sliding pressure rod is arranged on the sliding guide plate, the sliding guide plate is arranged on a forklift chassis, the side surfaces of the sliding plate are connected with the retarder discs, and the retarder discs are two groups and are arranged on two sides of a driving shaft in a mirror symmetry mode.

The outer side of the retarder disc is a limiting shell, the limiting shell is arranged on a forklift chassis, a sliding pressure disc is arranged in the limiting shell, an extrusion sheet is connected to the inner end of the sliding pressure disc, a rotating sheet is arranged at the inner end of the extrusion sheet, the coaxial center of the rotating sheet is arranged on a transmission inner gear ring, a transmission planet wheel is meshed with the inner side of the transmission inner gear ring and is connected with a driving output shaft through a planet wheel support, a transmission sun wheel is meshed with the inner side of the transmission planet wheel, the transmission sun wheel is connected with the coaxial center of a driving input shaft, a positioning end cover is arranged on the outer end face of the transmission inner gear ring, and a boss-shaped limiting ring is arranged at the outer end of the positioning end cover.

The driving shaft is provided with two retarding discs which respectively conduct retarding operation on the left driving front wheel and the right driving front wheel. The speed reduction principle is realized by using whether the outer layer toothed ring of the planetary gear mechanism is fixed or not. The mode of controlling the fixing and moving of the outer gear ring is that the inner side of the limit shell is provided with a squeezing sheet and a rotating sheet. The extrusion piece is used for carrying out sliding extrusion and rotating piece under the drive of sliding pressure disk, and the rotating piece can rotate along with the external tooth ring of planet wheel when the activity, and the inboard of rotating piece is through the interlock of recess and external tooth ring outside and then with external tooth ring rotation fixed. When the extrusion piece is attached to the extrusion rotating piece, the friction force is utilized to fix the rotating piece, and then the outer gear ring is fixed, and the sun wheel of the planetary wheel mechanism drives the planetary wheel to rotate in a decelerating way.

The auxiliary shaft is connected with the transmission shaft through a pair of bevel gears, a double clutch cylinder is mounted on the auxiliary shaft, a driving shaft is mounted on the inner side of the double clutch cylinder, the driving shaft is connected with the transmission shaft through the bevel gears, a driving plate is mounted on the driving shaft through a concave-convex clamping groove on the surface of the driving shaft, a first-stage clutch plate is mounted in a concave-convex clamping groove on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder, a driven shaft is mounted on one side of the auxiliary shaft, a driven plate is mounted on the driven shaft, a second-stage clutch plate corresponding to the driven plate is mounted on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder, the end faces of the second-stage clutch plate and the first-stage clutch plate are respectively connected with two ends of a clutch slide bar through pressure pull rings, a clutch rack is mounted at the bottom end of the clutch slide bar, the clutch rack is meshed with a clutch gear, and the clutch gear is mounted on a steering rod.

The double clutch cylinder transmits power of the transmission shaft through the clutch, and when the two clutches of the double clutch cylinder are connected, the power of the transmission shaft drives the auxiliary shaft to rotate. The double clutch cylinder is an intermediate transmission part for connecting the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the driving shaft is tightly pressed with the driving plate through the first-stage clutch plate to carry out power transmission, and the double clutch cylinder is tightly pressed with the driven shaft through the second-stage clutch plate and the driven plate to realize power re-transmission, so that the driven shaft and the auxiliary shaft coaxially rotate in a common frequency mode. The auxiliary shaft is coaxially and concentrically installed in the driving shaft and the driven shaft in a penetrating mode, and only the driven shaft and the auxiliary shaft realize coaxial common-frequency rotation through the key groove.

The two ends of the clutch slide bar extend upwards to form a circular ring shape vertically and are contacted with a boss at the outer side of the pressure pull ring, and the concave-convex clamping grooves on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder and the concave-convex clamping grooves on the outer surface of the driving shaft are arranged in a staggered manner. The steering rod rotates to drive the clutch gear and the clutch rack, so as to control the clutch slide bar. The clutch slide bar controls the states of the first-stage clutch plate and the second-stage clutch plate, and the auxiliary shaft is in transmission connection with the transmission shaft in an initial state. In order to disconnect the transmission of the auxiliary shaft, a clutch slide bar is introduced to control the sliding of the pressure pull ring. The outer end of the pressure pull ring is contacted with the outer end of the clutch slide bar, and the inner end can freely slide. The left-right sliding of the clutch slide bar can only drive the pressure pull ring to slide outwards, so that the primary clutch plate or the secondary clutch plate can disconnect transmission connection, and the turning of the steering rear wheel is stopped.

The clutch sliding rod is characterized in that a pressure ring is arranged between the inner side of the pressure pull ring and the driving shaft, a limiting press ring is arranged on the outer surface of the driving shaft, the limiting press ring is connected with the pressure ring through a pressure spring, the outer end of the clutch sliding rod is attached to the pressure pull ring, and the inner end of the clutch sliding rod is provided with a sliding interval with the clutch cylinder.

The primary clutch plate and the secondary clutch plate are pressed in an initial state, a pressing effect is achieved through a pressure ring and a pressure spring, the pressure ring is arranged on the pressure pull ring, the limiting pressing ring is arranged on the driving shaft, the pressure spring is in an incomplete shrinkage state, the front clutch plate presses the driving plate, and one side of the driven shaft is the same. In order to prevent the pressure spring from twisting when the driving shaft or the driven shaft rotates, the connection part of the pressure spring and the limiting compression ring on the driving shaft or the driven shaft is connected through an end face bearing.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. According to the invention, the retarder assembly is arranged on the driving shaft for driving the front wheels, and the retarder assembly drives the transmission inner gear ring inside the retarder assembly to be attached through the rotation of the steering assembly, so that the planetary gear transmission mechanism meshed with the transmission inner gear ring carries out speed reduction transmission, and the speed reduction is realized when the electric forklift turns, so that the rollover of the forklift is prevented.

2. According to the invention, the auxiliary wheels are arranged on the forklift chassis, the auxiliary wheels are connected and arranged through the auxiliary shaft, and the driving motor group drives the transmission shaft to rotate so as to drive the auxiliary shaft to rotate, so that the auxiliary wheels and the driving front wheels jointly drive the forklift when the forklift is started, and the electric forklift can be started stably when coping with a heavy load.

3. According to the invention, the steering rod of the steering assembly is connected with the double clutch cylinder, and the double clutch cylinder drives the primary clutch plate or the secondary clutch plate to slide through the rotation of the steering rod, so that the functions of power transmission and disconnection of the auxiliary shaft are realized, and the steering rear wheel outside the auxiliary wheel stably steers the forklift when the forklift turns.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

The above and other aspects of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a forklift of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of the truck chassis of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the truck chassis of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the internal structure of the forklift of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a rear schematic view of the internal structure of the forklift of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the truck chassis of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the front driving wheel of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 7 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a retarder assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the mounting relationship of the retarder and steering assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the mounting relationship of the dual clutch cartridge of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view at B-B of FIG. 11 in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view at C-C of fig. 11 in accordance with the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a forklift body; 11. a steering wheel; 2. a fork head; 3. a forklift chassis; 31. driving the motor unit; 311. a transmission shaft; 33. a drive shaft; 34. a steering axle; 341. a steering slide rail; 4. a steering assembly; 41. a turntable connecting rod; 42. a rotating wheel group is increased; 421. increasing rotation of the worm wheel; 422. increasing a rotation worm; 423. a rotation increasing motor; 424. a control board; 425. a torque sensor; 43. a turntable support frame; 44. a transmission link; 45. a swing gear; 46. a swinging sleeve; 461. a swing limiting block; 47. a steering lever; 48. a transition gear; 49. a steering rocker; 491. a steering rack; 5. a retarding assembly; 51. a sliding compression bar; 511. sliding racks; 52. a sliding plate; 53. a sliding guide plate; 54. a retarder disc; 541. a limit shell; 542. sliding pressure plate; 543. extruding the sheet; 544. a rotating piece; 545. a transmission inner gear ring; 546. a transmission planet wheel; 5461. driving an output shaft; 547. a transmission sun gear; 5471. driving an input shaft; 548. positioning an end cover; 5481. a limiting ring; 6. an auxiliary driving wheel; 61. an auxiliary shaft; 62. a double clutch cylinder; 621. a driving shaft; 6211. a driving plate; 622. a first clutch plate; 623. a driven shaft; 6231. a driven plate; 624. a second clutch plate; 625. a pressure pull ring; 6251. a pressure ring; 6252. limiting compression rings; 6253. a pressure spring; 626. a clutch slide bar; 627. a clutch rack; 628. a clutch gear; 63. concave-convex clamping groove.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 13, an electric forklift comprises a forklift body 1, a forklift head 2 and a forklift chassis 3, wherein the forklift head 2 is installed at the front end of the forklift body 1, the forklift chassis 3 is installed at the bottom end of the forklift body 1, a steering wheel 11 is arranged in the forklift body 1, a driving motor group 31 is installed on the forklift chassis 3, a driving shaft 33 is installed on the driving motor group 31, tires in front of the forklift chassis 3 are connected through the driving shaft 33, and tires behind the forklift chassis 3 are connected through a steering axle 34; the steering mechanism further comprises a steering assembly 4, a turntable connecting rod 41 is arranged above the steering assembly 4, the steering assembly 4 is connected with the steering wheel 11 through the turntable connecting rod 41, and the turntable connecting rod 41 rotates to drive an internal gear to swing reciprocally through the turntable connecting rod 41 and simultaneously rotates an outer gear ring of the planetary gear mechanism through the additional torsion amount of a worm gear of a rotating wheel set 42 on the turntable connecting rod 41.

The steering wheel 11 rotates to drive the steering assembly 4 on the forklift chassis 3 to rotate, the steering assembly 4 drives the retarder assembly 5 on the driving front wheel to axially slide through the gear rack, the retarder assembly 5 mainly utilizes the fixing and activity of the transmission inner gear ring 545 of the planetary gear to control the transmission ratio of the output shaft and the input shaft, and the steering assembly 4 is sequentially connected with the retarder assembly 5, the double clutch cylinder 62 and the steering rear wheel through the power transmission of the internal transmission connecting rod 44.

As shown in fig. 2 to 10, the lower end of the steering wheel 11 is connected with a turntable connecting rod 41, the turntable connecting rod 41 is connected with a rotation increasing wheel group 42, the rotation increasing wheel group 42 is installed on a turntable supporting frame 43, the turntable supporting frame 43 is installed on a forklift chassis 3, the turntable connecting rod 41 is connected with a transmission connecting rod 44 through a universal joint, the lower end of the transmission connecting rod 44 is connected with a steering rod 47 through a pair of bevel gears in a vertical transmission manner, a swinging gear 45 and a swinging sleeve 46 are installed on the transmission connecting rod 44, the upper end of the swinging sleeve 46 is provided with a swinging limiting block 461, the swinging limiting block 461 is in a circular arc boss shape of not more than 180 degrees, the lower end of the swinging sleeve 46 is installed on the forklift chassis 3, the rear end of the steering rod 47 is vertically upwards connected with a transition gear 48 through a pair of bevel gears, a steering slide rail 341 is installed at the top of the steering bridge 34, a steering rocker 49 is installed in the steering slide rail 341, the steering rocker 49 is meshed with the transition gear 48 through a steering rack 491 on the steering slide rail 49, an auxiliary shaft 61 is installed on the chassis 3 on one side of the steering bridge 34, and the auxiliary shaft 61 is smaller than the length of the forklift 34.

The steering assembly 4 is used for transmitting the torsion amount from the steering wheel 11, when a driver turns the steering wheel 11 in a forklift, the torsion amount on the steering wheel 11 needs to be transmitted to a corresponding steering rear wheel, so that the left and right rotation of the steering rear wheel is realized, the torsion amount and the torsion force of the steering wheel 11 are limited, if the rotation amount of the steering rear wheel is directly transmitted to the steering wheel 11, the steering wheel 11 vibrates or deflects along with the vibration of the steering rear wheel, then a rotating wheel group 42 is mounted on a turntable connecting rod 41 connected with the steering wheel 11, the rotating wheel group 42 also utilizes the rotating speed control principle of a planet wheel, the interference of the steering rear wheel can not influence the rotation of the steering wheel 11 through the principle of unidirectional power transmission of a worm wheel and a planet wheel on the rotating wheel group 42 drives an output shaft connected with a planet wheel support 421 of an inner layer through a toothed ring of a rotating planet wheel outer layer to rotate, and the planet wheel is an input end;

The auxiliary shaft 61 drives the auxiliary driving wheel 6 to rotate when driving the front wheel to rotate, and when the electric forklift needs to steer, the auxiliary driving wheel 6 obviously cannot reliably steer, so the rear steering wheel is also arranged behind the auxiliary driving wheel 6, in order to enable the rear steering wheel to have a more stable supporting function, the steering axle 34 connected with the rear steering wheel has a length larger than that of the auxiliary shaft 61 in the middle of the auxiliary driving wheel 6, and further the larger axial span of the rear steering wheel can reliably support the driving mechanism in front of the rear steering wheel, but the length of the steering axle 34 is not suitable to be too long, and the overlong steering axle 34 can lead to weakening of the bending resistance of the middle part of the steering axle 34.

The transmission link 44 is rotatably mounted in the swing sleeve 46, the swing sleeve 46 supports the transmission link 44 by being mounted on the forklift chassis 3, the swing gear 45 rotates on the upper end surface of the swing sleeve 46, and since the swing gear 45 is a sector gear, when the sector gear rotates to an angle out of the effective meshing range, the swing gear 45 is separated from the sliding rack 511, and therefore, the upper end surface of the swing sleeve 46 which rotates the swing gear 45 is provided with the annular boss-shaped swing limiting block 461, and both side end surfaces of the swing gear 45 are limited by the boss-shaped both side planes of the swing limiting block 461, thereby preventing dislocation of the swing gear 45.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a rotation increasing worm wheel 421 is disposed in the rotation increasing wheel set 42, the rotation increasing worm wheel 421 is meshed with a rotation increasing worm 422 on the turntable support frame 43, the upper end of the rotation increasing worm 422 is connected with an output shaft of a rotation increasing motor 423, the rotation increasing motor 423 performs rotation speed control through a control board 424 on the turntable support frame 43, the control board 424 controls rotation speed of the rotation increasing motor through a torque sensor 425 on the turntable connecting rod 41, the rotation increasing wheel set 42 is a planetary gear set, and the turntable connecting rod 41 is sequentially connected in series through a sun wheel and a planetary gear support of the rotation increasing wheel set 42.

The booster wheel group 42 monitors the turntable connecting rod 41 connected with the steering wheel 11 by relying on the torque sensor 425, performs unified electric signal data conversion on torsion signals of the torque sensor 425 according to the control board 424, and controls the booster motor 423 in the booster wheel group 42 to perform specified amount of torsion assistance according to different torques, so that the angle deflection of the steering rear wheels is realized.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the swing gear 45 is a sector gear and the angle of the sector is an obtuse angle, and the bottom end of the swing gear 45 is mounted on the lower end plane of the arc boss shape of the swing sleeve 46. Since the rotation increasing motor 423 amplifies the rotation amount of the turntable connecting rod 41, the transmission connecting rod 44 at the lower end of the turntable connecting rod 41 has rated limit on the torsion amount, and the transmission connecting rod 44 drives the sliding compression rod 51 in the retarder assembly 5 to slide through the swing gear 45 thereon, and the sliding stroke of the sliding compression rod 51 has certain limit, the swing gear 45 is designed as a sector gear, and a certain amount of sliding control is performed on the sliding rack 511 on the sliding compression rod 51 through the effective meshing angle of the sector gear.

As shown in fig. 2 to 13, a driving mechanism of an electric forklift comprises a retarding component 5 and an auxiliary driving wheel 6, wherein the lower end of a steering component 4 is connected with the retarding component 5, the retarding component 5 is arranged on a driving shaft 33 for driving a front wheel, a driving motor group 31 is connected with a transmission shaft 311, the transmission shaft 311 is connected with the auxiliary shaft 61, and two ends of the auxiliary shaft 61 are connected with the auxiliary driving wheel 6; the steering assembly 4 rotates through the steering wheel 11 to drive the sliding compression rod 51 in the retarding assembly 5 to slide and squeeze the squeezing piece 543 on the transmission inner gear ring 545, so that the steering rod 47 at the lower end of the steering assembly 4 slides and drives the clutch rack 627 connected with the steering rod 47 to slide left and right while rotating along with the steering wheel 11.

The retarder assembly 5 is arranged on a driving shaft 33 for driving the front wheels, the driving motor group 31 is connected with an auxiliary shaft 61 through a transmission shaft 311, and two ends of the auxiliary shaft 61 are connected with auxiliary driving wheels 6; the steering assembly 4 rotates through the steering wheel 11 to drive the sliding compression rod 51 in the retarding assembly 5 to slide and squeeze the squeezing piece 543 on the transmission inner gear ring 545, so that the steering rod 47 at the lower end of the steering assembly 4 slides and drives the clutch rack 627 connected with the steering rod 47 to slide left and right while rotating along with the steering wheel 11.

As shown in fig. 3 to 10, the retarder assembly 5 includes a sliding compression bar 51, a sliding plate 52, a sliding guide plate 53 and a retarder plate 54, the sliding compression bar 51 is mounted on the turntable support, a sliding rack 511 on the sliding compression bar 51 is meshed with the swing gear 45, the sliding plate 52 connected to the lower end of the sliding compression bar 51 is mounted on the sliding guide plate 53, the sliding guide plate 53 is mounted on the forklift chassis 3, the side surface of the sliding plate 52 is connected with the retarder plate 54, and the retarder plates 54 are two in one group and are both coaxially and mirror-symmetrically mounted on both sides of the driving shaft 33.

The retarder 54 is a final execution part in the retarder assembly 5, and the retarder 54 swings through the swing gear 45 to drive the sliding rack 511 on the sliding compression bar 51 to slide linearly left and right, so that the sliding compression bar 51 can clamp an outer gear ring in a planetary gear mechanism in the retarder 54, the rotating speed of a planetary gear support in the planetary gear mechanism is reduced, and finally the rotating speed of the driving shaft 33 is slowed down, so that the running speed of a forklift is slowed down. The two retarder discs 54 are arranged on two sides of the driving shaft 33 in a group and are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode, so that the speed change of the forklift during running can be more stable. The speed retarding assembly 5 synchronously slows down the rotating speed of the front driving wheel at the tail end of the driving shaft 33 through the two speed retarding discs 54 so as to slow down the running speed of the forklift, thereby enabling the forklift to be more stable and safer.

As shown in fig. 6 to 10, the outer side of the retarder 54 is a limiting shell 541, the limiting shell 541 is mounted on the forklift chassis 3, a sliding pressure plate 542 is mounted in the limiting shell 541, an extrusion piece 543 is connected to the inner end of the sliding pressure plate 542, a rotating piece 544 is mounted at the inner end of the extrusion piece 543, the rotating piece 544 is coaxially mounted on the inner gear ring 545, a transmission planetary gear 546 is meshed with the inner side of the inner gear ring 545, the transmission planetary gear 546 is connected with a driving output shaft 5461 through a planetary gear support, a transmission sun gear 547 is meshed with the inner side of the transmission planetary gear 546, the transmission sun gear 547 is coaxially connected with a driving input shaft 5471, a positioning end cover 548 is mounted on the outer end face of the transmission inner gear ring 545, and a boss-shaped limiting ring 5481 is arranged at the outer end of the positioning end cover 548.

The two retardation plates 54 are mounted on the driving shaft 33 for driving the front wheels, the two retardation plates 54 respectively perform a retardation operation on the left and right two driving front wheels, the principle of retardation of the retardation plates 54 is mainly realized by using whether the outer toothed ring of the planetary gear mechanism is fixed or not, the outer toothed ring is controlled to be fixed and movable in a manner that a squeezing piece 543 and a rotating piece 544 are mounted on the inner side of the limiting shell 541, namely the outer side of the outer toothed ring of the planetary gear mechanism, the squeezing piece 543 is used for sliding and squeezing the rotating piece 544 under the drive of the sliding pressure plate 542, the rotating piece 544 rotates along with the outer toothed ring of the planetary gear when moving, the inner side of the rotating piece 544 is meshed with the outer side of the outer toothed ring through a groove so as to be rotationally fixed with the outer toothed ring, when the squeezing piece 543 is jointed with the squeezing rotating piece 544, the squeezing piece 543 is fixed by friction force, and then the outer toothed ring is fixed, and the sun wheel of the planetary gear mechanism drives the planetary gear to perform a retardation rotation.

As shown in fig. 11 to 13, the auxiliary shaft 61 is connected to the transmission shaft 311 by a pair of bevel gears, a double clutch cylinder 62 is mounted on the auxiliary shaft 61, a driving shaft 621 is mounted inside the double clutch cylinder 62, the driving shaft 621 is connected to the transmission shaft 311 by a bevel gear, a driving plate 6211 is mounted on the driving shaft 621 by a concave-convex slot 63 on the surface of the driving shaft 621, a first-stage clutch plate 622 is mounted in the concave-convex slot 63 on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder 62, a driven shaft 623 is mounted on the auxiliary shaft 61 and on one side of the driving shaft 621, a driven plate 6231 is mounted on the driven shaft 623, a second-stage clutch plate 624 corresponding to the driven plate 6231 is mounted on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder 62, end surfaces of the second-stage clutch plate 624 and the first-stage clutch plate 622 are respectively connected to both ends of a clutch slide bar 626 by a pressure pull ring 625, a clutch rack 627 is mounted at the bottom end of the clutch slide bar 626, the clutch rack 627 is meshed with the clutch gear 628, and the clutch gear 628 is mounted on the steering rod 47.

The double clutch cylinder 62 transmits power of the driving shaft 311 through two clutch transmission, when the power clutch of the two clutch transmission positions of the double clutch cylinder 62 is connected, the power on the driving shaft 311 drives the auxiliary shaft 61 to rotate, the outer double clutch cylinder 62 is an intermediate transmission part for connecting the driving shaft 621 and the driven shaft 623 at two ends, the driving shaft 621 firstly compresses the driving plate 6211 through the first-stage clutch plate 622 to transmit power, at this time, the double clutch cylinder 62 obtains power from the driving shaft 311, further, the double clutch cylinder 62 compresses the driven shaft 623 through the second-stage clutch plate 624 to compress the driven plate 6231 to transmit power again, so that the driven shaft 623 and the auxiliary shaft 61 coaxially rotate in a common frequency mode, and the auxiliary shaft 61 coaxially penetrates through the driving shaft 621 and the driven shaft 623 in a penetrating mode, but only the driven shaft 621 and the auxiliary shaft 61 coaxially rotate in a common frequency mode through a key groove, and the driving shaft 621 and the auxiliary shaft 61 are rotationally connected.

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the two ends of the clutch slide bar 626 extend vertically upward to form a circular ring shape and contact with the boss on the outer side of the pressure pull ring 625, and the concave-convex clamping grooves 63 on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder 62 and the concave-convex clamping grooves 63 on the outer surface of the driving shaft 621 are staggered.

The rotation of the steering rod 47 drives the clutch gear 628 to rotate, and then drives the clutch slide bar 626 through the clutch rack 627, wherein the upper end of the clutch slide bar 626 is annular and coaxially and slidably mounted on the outer side of the pressure pull ring 625, and since the clutch slide bar 626 needs to control the states of the primary clutch plate 622 and the secondary clutch plate 624, the primary clutch plate 622 and the secondary clutch plate 624 are in the state of pressing the driving plate 6211 and the driven plate 6231 in the initial state, so that the transmission shaft 311 drives the auxiliary shaft 61 to rotate at this moment, in order to disconnect the transmission shaft 311 from the auxiliary shaft 61 during rotation, the clutch slide bar 626 is introduced, and the outer end of the clutch slide bar 626 is controlled to contact with the boss of the outer end of the pressure pull ring 625, and the inner end of the clutch slide bar 626 can freely slide inwards for a certain stroke, so that the left and right sliding of the clutch slide bar 626 only drives the pressure pull ring 625 to slide outwards, and once the corresponding primary clutch plate 622 or the secondary clutch plate 624 slides outwards, so that the corresponding primary clutch plate 622 or the corresponding secondary clutch plate 624 can be disconnected during rotation of the auxiliary wheel is stopped after the steering wheel is realized.

As shown in fig. 13, a pressure ring 6251 is installed between the inner side of the pressure pull ring 625 and the driving shaft 621, a limit pressing ring 6252 is installed on the outer surface of the driving shaft 621, the limit pressing ring 6252 is connected with the pressure ring 6251 through a pressure spring 6253, the outer end of the clutch slide bar 626 is attached to the pressure pull ring 625, and the inner end of the clutch slide bar 626 has a sliding interval with the clutch cylinder.

As mentioned above, the primary clutch plate 622 and the secondary clutch plate 624 are in a state of pressing the driving plate 6211 and the driven plate 6231 in the initial state, in order to achieve this pressing effect, a gap is provided between the inner side of the pressure pull ring 625 and the outer side of the driving shaft 621, in which gap a pressure ring 6251 is installed, the pressure ring 6251 is installed on the pressure pull ring 625, and a limit pressing ring 6252 is installed on the corresponding driving shaft 621, a pressure spring 6253 is installed between the limit pressing ring 6252 and the pressure ring 6251, the pressure spring 6253 is in an incompletely contracted state, and the pressure spring 6253 continues to press the pressure spring 6253 when the pressure pull ring 625 slides outwards, and in the initial state, the pressure spring 6253 causes the primary clutch plate 622 at the front end of the pressure pull ring 625 to press the driving plate 6211; one side of the driven shaft 623 is the same as the above;

It should be noted that, in order to prevent the pressure spring 6253 from twisting when the driving shaft 621 or the driven shaft 623 rotates, the connection between the pressure spring 6253 and the limiting pressing ring 6252 on the driving shaft 621 or the driven shaft 623 is connected through an end bearing, so that the relative rotation between the pressure spring 6253 and the limiting pressing ring 6252 is realized without twisting the pressure spring 6253.

In the working process, the driving motor group 31 is started to drive the driving shaft 33 to rotate so as to drive the front wheels to rotate, meanwhile, the driving motor group 31 drives the auxiliary driving wheels 6 at the two ends of the auxiliary shaft 61 to rotate through the transmission shaft 311, and the front wheels and the auxiliary driving wheels 6 are driven to jointly drive the electric forklift to start, so that the electric forklift starts more stably and rapidly under heavy load;

When the driver needs to turn the electric forklift, the driver rotates the steering wheel 11, the steering wheel 11 rotates to drive the turntable connecting rod 41 to rotate, the torque sensor 425 in the turntable connecting rod 41 receives the rotation torque of the turntable connecting rod 41 and then starts the turntable increasing motor 423, the turntable increasing motor 423 drives the turntable increasing worm 422 to rotate and then drives the turntable increasing worm wheel 421 to rotate, at the moment, the outer toothed ring of the planetary gear mechanism in the turntable increasing group 42 rotates to accelerate the rotation of the planet carrier of the inner layer, so that the torsion of the steering wheel 11 is amplified;

Further, the torsion amplified by the rotating-disc connecting rod 41 through the rotating-disc increasing group 42 is transferred to the transmission connecting rod 44, the transmission connecting rod 44 rotates to drive the swing gear 45 thereon to rotate on the swing sleeve 46, the sliding compression rod 51 is meshed with the swing gear 45 through the sliding rack 511 to slide left and right, the sliding plate 52 at the lower end of the sliding compression rod 51 slides in the sliding groove in the sliding guide plate 53, the sliding compression rod 51 drives the sliding pressure disc 542 in the retarder 54 to slide, the sliding pressure disc 542 slides in the limiting shell 541 to drive the extruding sheet 543 to slide and extrude the rotating sheet 544, the rotating sheet is still to enable the transmission inner gear ring 545 to be still, the transmission planetary gears 546 rotate along the static transmission inner gear ring 545, the driving input shaft 5471 rotates under the driving of the driving shaft 33 and simultaneously drives the transmission sun gear 547 to rotate, and the transmission sun gear 547 drives the driving output shaft 5461 on the bracket through the meshed transmission planetary gears 546 to perform speed reduction;

Further, the transmission link 44 drives the vertical steering rod 47 to rotate through a pair of spur gears, the steering rod 47 rotates to drive the clutch gear 628 thereon to rotate, the clutch gear 628 drives the clutch slide bar 626 to slide left and right through engagement with the clutch rack 627, and the clutch slide bar 626 drives the limit compression ring 6252 to compress the pressure spring 6253 outwards, so that the primary clutch plate 622 or the secondary clutch plate 624 slides, when the primary clutch plate 622 slides to be separated from the driving plate 6211, the driving shaft 621 and the double clutch cylinder 62 are in power interruption, and the auxiliary driving wheel 6 stops rotating; when the secondary clutch plate 624 is disconnected with the driven plate 6231, the driven shaft 623 is disconnected with the power of the double clutch cylinder 62, and the auxiliary driving wheel 6 also stops rotating, so that the auxiliary driving wheel 6 stops rotating when the electric forklift turns, and the auxiliary driving wheel 6 is prevented from providing additional rotation offset to interfere steering;

Finally, the torsion of the steering wheel 11 is transmitted to a steering rack 491 on a steering rocker 49 through a transition gear 48, the steering rack 491 slides left and right to drive the steering rocker 49 to slide left and right, and meanwhile, steering rear wheels at two ends of the steering axle 34 are pulled to deflect left and right, so that stable steering of the electric forklift is realized.

Although one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides an electric forklift, includes fork truck organism (1), fork truck head (2) and fork truck chassis (3), fork truck head (2) are installed to fork truck organism (1) front end, and fork truck chassis (3) are installed to fork truck organism (1) bottom, are provided with steering wheel (11) in fork truck organism (1), install drive motor group (31) on fork truck chassis (3), install drive shaft (33) on drive motor group (31), the tire in fork truck chassis (3) the place ahead passes through drive shaft (33) and links to each other, and the tire at fork truck chassis (3) rear passes through steering axle (34) and links to each other; the method is characterized in that: the steering mechanism comprises a steering mechanism body, and is characterized by further comprising a steering assembly (4), wherein a turntable connecting rod (41) is arranged above the steering assembly (4), the steering assembly (4) is connected with a steering wheel (11) through the turntable connecting rod (41), the steering assembly (4) drives an internal gear to swing back and forth through the rotation of the turntable connecting rod (41), and the turntable connecting rod (41) rotates an outer gear ring of a planetary gear mechanism through the additional torsion of a worm gear of a rotating wheel group (42) on the turntable connecting rod;

The electric forklift is driven by a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism comprises a retarding component (5) and an auxiliary driving wheel (6), the lower end of the steering component (4) is connected with the retarding component (5), the retarding component (5) is arranged on a driving shaft (33) for driving a front wheel, a driving motor group (31) is connected with a driving shaft (311), the driving shaft (311) is connected with the auxiliary shaft (61), and two ends of the auxiliary shaft (61) are connected with the auxiliary driving wheel (6); the steering assembly (4) drives a sliding compression bar (51) in the retarding assembly (5) to slide and squeeze a squeezing piece (543) on the transmission inner gear ring (545) through the rotation of the steering wheel (11), so that a steering rod (47) at the lower end of the steering assembly (4) slides along with a clutch rack (627) connected with the steering rod (47) and drives the clutch compression bar to slide left and right while following the rotation of the steering wheel (11);

The retarder assembly (5) comprises a sliding compression bar (51), a sliding plate (52), a sliding guide plate (53) and a retarder (54), wherein the sliding compression bar (51) is arranged on a turntable bracket, a sliding rack (511) on the sliding compression bar (51) is meshed with a swing gear (45), the sliding plate (52) connected with the lower end of the sliding compression bar (51) is arranged on the sliding guide plate (53), the sliding guide plate (53) is arranged on a forklift chassis (3), the side surface of the sliding plate (52) is connected with the retarder (54), and the retarder (54) is two groups and is arranged on two sides of a driving shaft (33) in a mirror symmetry mode in a coaxial center;

The utility model discloses a fork truck chassis (3) is characterized in that a spacing shell (541) is arranged outside retarder disc (54), spacing shell (541) is installed on fork truck chassis (3), and spacing shell (541) internally mounted has a slip pressure disk (542), slip pressure disk (542) inner is connected with extrusion piece (543), rotation piece (544) are installed to extrusion piece (543) inner, rotation piece (544) coaxial center is installed on transmission ring gear (545), transmission ring gear (545) inboard meshing has transmission planet wheel (546), transmission planet wheel (546) are connected with drive output shaft (5461) through the planet wheel support, transmission planet wheel (546) inboard meshing has transmission sun gear (547), transmission sun gear (547) links to each other with drive input shaft (5471) coaxial center, location end cover (548) are installed to the outer terminal surface of transmission ring gear (545), the outer end of location end cover (548) is provided with boss-shaped spacing ring gear (5481).

2. An electric forklift as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steering wheel (11) lower extreme is connected with carousel connecting rod (41), be connected with on carousel connecting rod (41) and increase wheelset (42), increase wheelset (42) and install on carousel support frame (43), carousel support frame (43) are installed on fork truck chassis (3), carousel connecting rod (41) link to each other with transmission connecting rod (44) through the universal joint, transmission connecting rod (44) lower extreme is connected with steering rod (47) through a pair of bevel gears vertical transmission, installs swing gear (45) and swing sleeve (46) on transmission connecting rod (44), swing stopper (461) are installed to swing sleeve (46) upper end, swing stopper (461) are not more than 180 circular arc boss shape, and swing sleeve (46) lower extreme is installed on fork truck chassis (3), steering rod (47) rear end is connected with transition gear (48) through a pair of bevel gears perpendicularly upwards, steering slide rail (341) are installed at steering slide rail (341) are interior, steering rocker (49) are installed through its upper end and are installed auxiliary axle (491) on steering wheel (61) of steering axle (34), the length of the auxiliary shaft (61) is smaller than the length of the steering axle (34).

3. An electric fork-lift truck as recited by claim 2, wherein: the novel rotary speed increasing device is characterized in that a rotary worm wheel (421) is arranged inside a rotary wheel group (42), the rotary worm wheel (421) is meshed with a rotary worm (422) on a rotary table support frame (43), the upper end of the rotary worm (422) is connected with an output shaft of a rotary motor (423), the rotary motor (423) is subjected to rotary speed control through a control board (424) on the rotary table support frame (43), the control board (424) is used for controlling the rotary speed of the rotary motor through a torque sensor (425) on a rotary table connecting rod (41), the rotary wheel group (42) is a planetary gear group, and the rotary table connecting rod (41) is sequentially connected in series through a sun wheel and a planetary wheel support of the rotary wheel group (42).

4. An electric fork-lift truck as recited by claim 2, wherein: the swing gear (45) is a sector gear, the angle of the sector is an obtuse angle, and the bottom end of the swing gear (45) is arranged on the lower end plane of the arc boss of the swing sleeve (46).

5. An electric forklift as claimed in claim 1, comprising a drive mechanism, characterized in that: the auxiliary shaft (61) is connected with the transmission shaft (311) through a pair of bevel gears, install two separation and reunion section of thick bamboo (62) on the auxiliary shaft (61), driving shaft (621) are installed to two separation and reunion section of thick bamboo (62) inboard, driving shaft (621) are connected with transmission shaft (311) through bevel gears, driving plate (6211) are installed through unsmooth draw-in groove (63) of its surface to driving shaft (621), install one-level clutch plate (622) in unsmooth draw-in groove (63) of two separation and reunion section of thick bamboo (62) internal surface, driven shaft (623) are installed on auxiliary shaft (61) and one side of driving shaft (621), install driven plate (6231) on driven shaft (623), two separation and reunion section of thick bamboo (624) internal surface installation with driven plate (6231) corresponding second separation and reunion piece (624), the terminal surface of second separation and one-level clutch plate (622) are connected at the both ends of separation and reunion slide bar (626) through pressure pull ring (625) respectively, separation and reunion slide bar (627) bottom, rack (627) are installed with rack (628) and pinion (628) and are rotated on slide bar (627).

6. An electric forklift as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the two ends of the clutch sliding rod (626) vertically extend upwards to form a circular ring shape and are contacted with a boss on the outer side of the pressure pull ring (625), and concave-convex clamping grooves (63) on the inner surface of the double clutch cylinder (62) and concave-convex clamping grooves (63) on the outer surface of the driving shaft (621) are mutually staggered.

7. An electric forklift as claimed in claim 6, wherein: install pressure ring (6251) between the inboard of pressure pull ring (625) and driving shaft (621), driving shaft (621) surface mounting has spacing clamping ring (6252), link to each other through pressure spring (6253) between spacing clamping ring (6252) and pressure ring (6251), clutch slide bar (626) outer end and laminating of pressure pull ring (625), clutch slide bar (626) inner and clutch cylinder have the slip interval.