CN117740816A - Method, sensor and system for improving detection precision of dust deposition pollution ratio of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Method, sensor and system for improving detection precision of dust deposition pollution ratio of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a sensor and a system for improving the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of a photovoltaic module, which comprise the following steps: s1: transmitting light waves of a plurality of wave bands to a glass panel of the photovoltaic module through a multiband light source; s2: the light intensity signals of the light waves of each wave band after the light waves pass through the glass panel are received through the photosensitive element, and background light interference is removed through demodulation, so that usable light signals are formed. According to the invention, the multi-band light wave is adopted to realize detection of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module by the dust accumulation sensor, so that the change of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to different wave bands of the solar spectrum can be detected, the real application scene is more met, the single-band technology is required to assume that the influence of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to the different wave bands of the whole solar spectrum is the same, and compared with the real application scene, a larger detection error is generated, so that the multi-band technology improves the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement equipment, in particular to a method, a sensor and a system for improving the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of a photovoltaic module.
Background
According to related researches, the power loss of more than 1% of the photovoltaic module is easy to cause daily power loss, and the estimation result of the power loss of the photovoltaic module dust accumulation in the country with the top 22 bits of photovoltaic power generation capacity shows that the loss caused by the photovoltaic module dust accumulation in 2018 is equivalent to 3% -4% of the global energy yield, and the total loss is at least 30-50 hundred million Euro. The energy loss caused by the ash deposition of the photovoltaic module in 2023 is expected to rise to 4% -7% of the global energy yield, and the total loss is up to 70 hundred million Euro per year.
Therefore, various types of monitoring schemes of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, such as a reference photovoltaic module, an optical dust accumulation sensor, an image dust accumulation monitoring system and the like, appear on the market so as to monitor the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic power station, thereby utilizing pollution ratio data to estimate the dust accumulation power loss, optimizing a power station cleaning strategy, reducing operation and maintenance cost and improving power generation income. The optical dust sensor and the monitoring system have the characteristics of high cost performance, simple maintenance and the like, and have wide application value. The soot contamination ratio represents the degree of cleanliness of the photovoltaic module, according to IEC61724-1:2021 (photovoltaic System Performance part 1: monitoring) definition of International standards, the soot pollution Ratio (SR) of a photovoltaic module represents the maximum power P of the soot photovoltaic module max1 Theoretical maximum power P under the condition of no dust shielding of photovoltaic module max2 Ratio (see formula 1) or short-circuit current I of the gray-scale photovoltaic module SC1 Theoretical short-circuit current I under the condition of no dust shielding of photovoltaic module SC2 The ratio (see formula 2), the SR ranges from 0 to 1, and when sr=1, it means that the photovoltaic module is in a clean state; when SR is less than 1, the photovoltaic module has dust deposit, and the smaller SR is, the more dust deposit is, and the larger electric power loss is;
equation 1: sr=p max1 /P max2
Equation 2: sr=i SC1 /I SC2
Wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; p (P) max2 : the theoretical maximum power of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding is represented; p (P) max1 : representing the live maximum power of the gray photovoltaic cell; i SC1 : representing live short-circuit current of the gray photovoltaic cell; i SC2 : and (5) indicating the theoretical short-circuit current of the photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding.
Currently, all optical dust deposition sensors and monitoring systems on the market adopt a single-wavelength light wave measurement principle to estimate the dust deposition pollution ratio of a photovoltaic module, namely, the dust deposition of the photovoltaic module is assumed to have the same transmittance distribution on the whole solar spectrum projected onto the photovoltaic module. However, in the real situation, the transmittance of the solar spectrum of the dust deposit of the photovoltaic module increases along with the increase of the wavelength of the light wave, namely, the dust deposit pollution ratio can generate larger observation errors when the single-wavelength light wave is adopted to detect the dust deposit pollution ratio. Meanwhile, in practical research or application, corresponding protection strategies or cleaning schemes need to be adopted for different dust deposit types, and the dust deposit sensors on the market do not have the recognition function of the dust deposit types. In addition, related equipment on the market lacks a calibration system capable of adapting to the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module in a real scene of uniform dust deposition and non-uniform dust deposition.
The patent document with the prior patent publication number of CN208060337U discloses a double-light source air suction type fire disaster detection device capable of identifying dust, which comprises a tube base, a detection cavity and a signal analysis circuit board; the double-light source structure, the corresponding detection cavity structure and the signal analysis circuit board specific circuit are adopted, the problem of interference of fine particles such as dust is solved from the angles of optics and electronics through the difference of scattering effects of particles with different diameters on light rays with different wavelengths, the mechanical filtering device is not relied on, and misjudgment and misinformation are avoided to the greatest extent.
However, this solution requires that air be drawn into the detection module for detection, and also does not detect dust.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of improving the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means: the method for improving the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: transmitting light waves of a plurality of wave bands to a glass panel of the photovoltaic module through a multiband light source;
s2: receiving light intensity signals of light waves of each wave band after the light waves pass through the glass panel, and eliminating background light interference through demodulation to form available light signals;
S3: and detecting and collecting the temperature and the humidity in the cavity through a temperature and humidity sensor, and compensating the light intensity signals received by the photosensitive element through temperature and humidity data.
The multi-band light wave is adopted by the dust accumulation sensor to realize detection of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, so that the change of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to different wave bands of the solar spectrum can be detected, the real application scene is more met, the single-band technology is required to assume that the influence of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to the different wave bands of the whole spectrum of the sun is the same, and compared with the real application scene, a larger detection error is generated, so that the multi-band technology improves the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio.
As a preferable technical scheme, the compensation of the temperature and humidity data on the optical signal received by the photosensitive element includes the following steps:
s1: collecting temperature and humidity data RH in the cavity;
s2: RH and humidity threshold RH 0 Comparing; ,
s3: when RH < RH 0 The light signal data received by the photosensor is valid when RH>RH 0 At this time, the data is invalid.
As a preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element comprises an incident light photosensitive element and a scattered light photosensitive element, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are respectively used for detecting the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity with the wavelength lambda, and the dust pollution ratio SR is calculated through a formula 3 or a formula 4;
Equation 3:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 : is a constant;
equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: indicating the sensor temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme, calculating the dust type through the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity;
calculating light wave transmission light intensity by using light wave scattering light intensity and light wave reflection light intensity through a formula 9, and substituting the light wave transmission light intensity into formulas 5-8 to calculate an absorption index AAE and a distinguishing index EAE;
equation 5:
equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
equation 8:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; c (C) eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
equation 9: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 Are all constants;
comparing the calculated absorption index AAE and the distinguishing index EAE with preset values so as to distinguish dust types;
when AAE is more than 1.5 and EAE is less than 1, the dust is sand;
when AAE=1 to 1.7 and EAE >1.8, the smoke is fume;
urban and industrial dust is found when AAE < 1.5, eae=1.5 to 1.8.
As a preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element further comprises a reflected light photosensitive element, the reflected light photosensitive element is used for detecting the reflected light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda, the dust type is obtained through calculation of the reflected light intensity and the scattered light intensity, and the parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4-7 and formulas 10-12;
equation 10:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rr: representing the intensity of reflected light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is a constant;
equation 11:
wherein C is eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Are all calibration constants;
equation 12: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1 ×Rr λ +D 2
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : a scattered light intensity representing a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 、D 2 : is constant.
As a preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element further comprises a transmission light photosensitive element, and the dust type is obtained through calculation of the transmission light intensity; parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4 to 8 and formula 13;
equation 13:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rt: representing transmitted light intensity; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is constant.
The utility model provides a multiband photovoltaic module deposition sensor based on method of improvement photovoltaic module deposition pollution ratio detection precision, includes shell frame, glass panel, multiband light source, light emission and feedback circuit board, photosensitive element, main control circuit, electrical heating subassembly, glass panel encloses fixedly and forms a inclosed cavity structure with shell frame, multiband light source, light emission and feedback circuit board, main control circuit, electrical heating subassembly are all fixed in the cavity, just main control circuit and multiband light source, photosensitive element, light emission and feedback circuit board, electrical heating subassembly electric connection, main control circuit control multiband light source emits the light wave of a plurality of wave bands and incident to glass panel, photosensitive element is used for receiving the light intensity signal after each wave band light wave passes through the glass panel effect to through demodulation rejection background light interference, still be equipped with temperature and humidity sensor on the main control circuit, the light intensity signal that temperature and humidity data sensitive element received is used for detecting the cavity temperature and humidity and compensates.
As a preferred technical scheme, the photosensitive element comprises an incident light photosensitive element and a scattered light photosensitive element, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are respectively used for detecting the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity with the wavelength lambda, and are fixedly arranged in the cavity and electrically connected with the light emitting and feedback circuit board, the multiband light source is fixedly connected with the incident light photosensitive element through the light emitting and feedback circuit board, and the light emitting and feedback circuit board is connected with the scattered light photosensitive element through the light receiving circuit board.
As a preferable technical scheme, the incident path of the incident light is provided with a light reflection and restraint member, and the light reflection and restraint member is used for adjusting the light intensity of the multiband light source incident on the incident light photosensitive element.
As a preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element further comprises a reflected light photosensitive element fixedly arranged in the cavity, the reflected light photosensitive element is used for detecting the reflected light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda, and the reflected light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are used for distinguishing dust types;
calculating the reflected light intensity and the scattered light intensity to obtain the dust type, wherein parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4-7 and formulas 10-12;
Equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: representing the sensor temperature;
equation 5:
equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
equation 10:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rr: representing the intensity of reflected light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is a constant;
equation 11:
wherein C is eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Are all calibration constants;
equation 12: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1 ×Rr λ +D 2
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : a scattered light intensity representing a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 、D 2 : is constant.
As a preferable technical scheme, the photosensitive element further comprises a transmission light photosensitive element positioned outside the cavity, the transmission light photosensitive element is electrically connected with the light emission and feedback circuit board, and the transmission light photosensitive element is used for detecting the transmission light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda;
calculating the light intensity of the transmitted light to obtain the dust type; parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4 to 8 and formula 13;
equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: representing the sensor temperature;
equation 5:
equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : representation ofWavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
equation 8:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; c (C) eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
equation 13:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rt: representing transmitted light intensity; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is constant.
As the preferred technical scheme, fixedly connected with first link in the cavity, multiband light source, incident light photosensitive element, scattered light photosensitive element all with first link fixed connection, still seted up the receipts unthreaded hole with incident light photosensitive element, scattered light photosensitive element looks adaptation on the first link, first link is still connected fastening with shell frame inner wall through the second link, be connected with the avionics plug on the shell frame, main control circuit is fixed to be located cavity bottom inner wall, shell frame is cylinder or cube.
The utility model provides an ash accumulation monitoring system including multi-band photovoltaic module ash accumulation sensor, includes ash accumulation sensor, monitoring system shell frame, photovoltaic cell piece unit, backplate temperature sensor, monitoring system master control circuit, monitoring system glass panel, monitoring system master control circuit and ash accumulation sensor, photovoltaic cell piece, backplate temperature sensor electric connection, monitoring system glass panel fixes the terminal surface at monitoring system shell frame sampling area to enclose with monitoring system shell frame and close and form a inclosed cavity structure, monitoring system glass panel bottom is fixed with ash accumulation sensor and photovoltaic cell piece unit, photovoltaic cell piece bottom is fixed with backplate temperature sensor, ash accumulation sensor is fixed to be located on the monitoring system shell frame, and is used for measuring the ash accumulation pollution ratio SR 0 The photovoltaic cell is used for measuring the ash deposition pollution ratio SR of the photovoltaic cell RC By measuring the dust pollution ratio SR 0 And the dust deposition pollution ratio SR of the photovoltaic cell RC And calculating a calibration coefficient and feeding back to the soot detection system for calibration.
As an preferable technical scheme, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises two groups of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power measuring circuit for measuring the maximum power of the solar cells is arranged on a monitoring system main control circuit, and the calibration comprises the following steps:
The first step: the monitoring system main control circuit records the pollution ratio data of the current dust deposition sensor and sends an instruction to the maximum power measuring circuit, the maximum power measuring circuit measures the maximum power point and the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell and records the maximum power point and the short-circuit current, and the monitoring system main control circuit obtains the temperature of each current photovoltaic cell through the back plate temperature sensor and records the temperature;
and a second step of: after cleaning a group of photovoltaic cells corresponding to the dust accumulation sensor, the monitoring system main control circuit records the pollution ratio data of the dust accumulation sensor, the maximum power point of each photovoltaic cell, the short circuit current data and the photovoltaic cell temperature data again;
and a third step of: solving the live dust accumulation pollution ratio by a short-circuit current method or a maximum power method, and calculating a calibration coefficient by using a formula 14;
equation 14: k=sr RC /SR 0
Fourth step: and writing the calibration coefficient into the system by the monitoring system main control circuit to finish the calibration of the dust accumulation sensor.
As the preferable technical scheme, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises four groups of photovoltaic cells, the four groups of photovoltaic cells are respectively positioned at two sides of the dust collecting sensor and are respectively used for measuring dust collecting pollution ratios at two sides of the dust collecting sensor, and the dust collecting pollution ratios at two sides of the dust collecting sensor are used for representing the dust collecting uniformity of the panel of the monitoring system.
As an preferable technical scheme, the ash deposition sensors are provided in plurality, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises a plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells, the ash deposition sensors are respectively arranged in different areas of the monitoring system panel, two groups of photovoltaic cells are correspondingly arranged in each area, the ash deposition pollution ratio data obtained by the ash deposition sensors are calculated to obtain the ash deposition pollution ratio of the ash deposition monitoring system, and the ash deposition pollution ratio data obtained by the ash deposition sensors are weighted and averaged and output through a formula 20:
equation 20:
wherein, SR: the ash deposition pollution ratio after weighted average; SRi: the soot pollution ratio observed by the soot sensor 1001 at different positions on the soot monitoring system panel is shown; a, a 0 ，a 1 ...a i (i=0, 1 … n): the weight coefficient is an average contribution rate of the accumulated ash pollution ratio of each part of the panel of the accumulated ash monitoring system to the whole panel, and can be set according to the power generation characteristic of the photovoltaic panel; when a is 0 ＝0，a i When=1 (i= … n), a conventional averaging algorithm is used to represent a uniform gray scene.
As an optimized technical scheme, the dust deposit detection system further comprises a system expansion interface, the system expansion interface is connected with external equipment, the external equipment comprises a rain sensor or a rainfall sensor or a snow depth instrument, and the dust deposit detection system further comprises a Bluetooth connection module which is used for being in communication connection with the mobile terminal.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, the multi-band light wave is adopted to realize detection of the dust accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module by the dust accumulation sensor, so that the change of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to different wave bands of the solar spectrum can be detected, the real application scene is more met, the single-wave band technology is required to assume that the influence of the dust accumulation of the photovoltaic module to the different wave bands of the whole solar spectrum is the same, and compared with the real application scene, a larger detection error is generated, so that the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio is improved.
(2) In the invention, the recognition and classification of the dust deposit type can be realized through the combination of the data measured by the transmission light photosensitive element or the scattered light photosensitive element and the reflection light photosensitive element.
(3) According to the invention, the dust collection monitoring system is provided with one dust collection sensor or a plurality of dust collection sensors, and data of each dust collection sensor are independently collected so as to reflect dust collection conditions of different parts of the photovoltaic module, thereby realizing high-precision measurement and cost control of dust collection pollution ratio under various dust collection scenes such as uniformity, non-uniformity and the like.
(4) According to the invention, the dust collection monitoring system is provided with a plurality of groups of independently collected photovoltaic battery pieces, so that the independent calibration of specific photovoltaic battery pieces on corresponding dust collection sensors is supported, the dust collection monitoring system can adapt to the calibration of dust collection pollution ratio of photovoltaic modules in real scenes of uniform dust collection and non-uniform dust collection, and meanwhile, the dust collection monitoring system is different from like products on the market, and the dust collection monitoring system does not need to clean dust collection sensor windows and can not interfere normal service observation in the calibration process.
(5) According to the invention, the dust accumulation monitoring system has a wireless connection function such as Bluetooth, can directly establish wireless connection with terminals such as mobile phones and computers with corresponding connection functions, performs visual calibration operation on equipment through APP software or small programs on site, and checks the calibration effect in real time.
(6) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the electric heating components such as the heating plate and the like, the areas such as the glass panel and the like can be heated, dew condensation, frost and ice in the window area of the dust accumulation sensor can be prevented, snow accumulated above the dust accumulation sensor can be melted, evaporation of water body can be accelerated, the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor can be kept dry, the detection precision of the dust accumulation pollution ratio is improved, the main control circuit is electrically connected with the electric heating components such as the heating plate and the like, the heating function can be started and closed by the electric heating plate, and the heating function can be started and closed according to the change of the environmental temperature and humidity or according to the data detected by the sensor for detecting the influence of non-dust accumulation factors such as rain, snow, ice and frost on the change of the dust accumulation ratio, a threshold value is set, and the heating function is automatically started and closed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the dust sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 2 of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of the ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 3 of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 3 of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic top view of the dust sensor according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 4 of the invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 4 of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 5 of the invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 5 of the invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 5 of the invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of an ash deposition sensor according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a schematic top view of the ash deposition sensor according to example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation sensor according to embodiment 6 of the invention;
FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition sensor according to example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the invention;
FIG. 27 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the invention;
FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition monitoring system according to embodiment 7 of the invention;
FIG. 29 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the present invention;
FIG. 30 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the invention;
FIG. 31 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the invention;
FIG. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition monitoring system according to embodiment 8 of the invention;
FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 34 is a schematic top view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the invention;
FIG. 35 is a schematic bottom view of the ash accumulation monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the invention;
FIG. 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ash deposition monitoring system according to embodiment 9 of the invention;
FIG. 37 is a schematic view of the influence on light waves when the glass panel provided by the embodiment of the invention is dust-free and dust-free;
FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of an ash deposition sensor of the ash deposition monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of an ash accumulation monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. a glass panel; 2. a housing frame; 201. a housing frame encapsulation hole; 3. a main control circuit; 4. performing aerial insertion; 5. a sampling chamber; 6. a light emitting and feedback circuit board; 7. an emission aperture; 8. a multi-band light source; 9. light reflection and confinement; 10. an incident light photosensitive element; 11. a light receiving circuit board; 12. a light receiving aperture; 13. a scattered light photosensitive element; 14. a reflective light-sensitive element; 15. a light-transmitting photosensitive element; 16. a first connection frame; 17. a second connecting frame; 18. a third connecting frame; 19. a fourth connecting frame; 20. a heating sheet; 1001. an ash deposition sensor; 1002. monitoring a photovoltaic cell of the system; 1003. a back plate temperature sensor; 1004. monitoring a system main control circuit; 1005. monitoring a system glass panel; 1006. monitoring system aviation plug; 1007. monitoring a system housing frame; 10071. a fixing hole; 10072. a packaging hole; 1008. sampling area.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the function of the dust deposition sensor is dust deposition pollution ratio measurement; the multi-band optical detection technology is adopted to improve the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, namely, three or more light wave bands (multi-band light source 8) are used to detect the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module, and the measurement precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio is improved.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, a multi-band photovoltaic module ash deposition sensor comprises a glass panel 1, a housing frame 2, a main control circuit 3, an aviation plug 4, a light emission and feedback circuit board 6, an emission light hole 7, a multi-band light source 8, a light reflection and restraint member 9, an incident light photosensitive element 10, a light receiving circuit board 11, a light receiving hole 12, a scattered light photosensitive element 13, a first connecting frame 16 and a second connecting frame 17, wherein the main control circuit 3 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor for calibrating the temperature and humidity of detection data;
In this embodiment, the housing frame 2 is cylindrical, the center of the top of the housing frame 2 is provided with an open cavity structure with a closed circumference and a closed bottom, the open top area of the housing frame 2 is a through hole, that is, a sampling area, the glass panel 1 is fixedly connected to the surface of the sampling area of the housing frame 2 (or the glass panel 1 using a photovoltaic module or other medium as an ash deposition sensor), the surface of the sampling area can be tightly attached to the glass panel 1 by adhesion fixation or other fixation methods or other production processes, the main control circuit 3 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the housing frame 2 through bolts or screws, the inner wall of the bottom of the housing frame 2 is provided with a threaded column adapted to the bolts or screws, and referring to fig. 3, the bottom of the housing frame 2 is further provided with a housing frame packaging hole 201.
Referring to fig. 4, one end of the first connecting frame 16 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the housing frame 2 through bolts or screws, one end of the second connecting frame 17 is fixed to the side wall of the housing frame 2, the other end of the second connecting frame is fixed to the other end of the first connecting frame 16, the first connecting frame 16 and the second connecting frame 17 can also be in an integrated structure, the first connecting frame 16 and the second connecting frame 17 divide the whole cavity structure into an upper half cavity and a lower half cavity, wherein the upper half cavity forms the sampling chamber 5, and the main control circuit 3 is in the lower half cavity; the housing frame 2 is fixedly connected with the aviation plug 4, the fixing mode can be threaded connection or integrally formed and fixed with the housing frame 2 or pre-embedded in the production process of the housing frame 2, the aviation plug 4 is a commercial part, in the embodiment, the aviation plug 4 is fixed on the front end surface of the housing frame 2 and can be positioned at other positions in the circumferential direction of the housing frame 2, and the method is not limited to the above;
In this embodiment, the first connection frame 16 and the second connection frame 17 are all obliquely arranged, and the connection positions thereof form a v-shaped structure, the bottom of the first connection frame 16 is fixed with the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 and the light receiving circuit board 11, one end of the first connection frame 16, which faces the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6, is provided with the light emitting hole 7, the multiband light source 8, the light reflecting and restraining member 9 and the incident light photosensitive element 10, the multiband light source 8, the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 and the main control circuit 3 are electrically connected, the light of the multiband light source 8 is emitted by the light source and scattered on the light reflecting and restraining member 9, and is irradiated on the incident light photosensitive element 10 through the light reflecting and restraining member 9, the incident light intensity of the multiband light source 8 can be detected through the incident light photosensitive element 10, and the scattered light on the scattered light photosensitive element 13 are compared, the stability and the attenuation degree of the scattered light source 8 are judged, the detection result of the scattered light photosensitive element 13 is compensated, and the acquired light intensity and the scattered light can be restrained on the incident light reflecting and restraining member 9 by the incident light reflecting and the light reflecting member 9 on the incident light reflecting and the multiband light source 8 on the incident light reflecting and the incident light reflecting member 9.
The multiband light source 8 in this embodiment takes white light (350 nm to 1100nm or 400nm to 700nm or other whole wave bands covering absorption of the photovoltaic module), blue light (about 460 nm), green light (about 520 nm) and red light (about 620 nm) as examples, but is not limited thereto, the multiband light source 8 irradiates the glass panel 1 through the emission light hole 7, the transmission light formed outside the glass panel 1 and the reflection light and the scattered light inside the glass panel 1, the first connecting frame 16 is further provided with the receiving light hole 12 and the scattered light photosensor 13, the receiving light hole 12 is located at the left side of the emission light hole 7, the scattered light photosensor 13 is placed on the scattering path of the multiband light source 8 and is used for receiving the scattered light of the multiband light source, and the scattered light irradiates the scattered light photosensor 13 through the receiving light hole 12.
Referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, the sampling window area is located below the glass panel 1 and is located in the middle of the top of the housing frame 2, an electric heating component such as a heating plate 20 or a heating resistor is disposed below the glass panel 1, and is used for heating the glass panel, so as to prevent condensation, frost and ice in the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor, and simultaneously, snow above the dust accumulation sensor can be melted and evaporation of water can be accelerated, so as to keep the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor dry, and improve the detection accuracy of the dust accumulation pollution ratio, or the electric heating component can be disposed at any position of the housing frame 2, and the heating function can be started and closed by sending an instruction to the main control circuit 3, or the heating function can be started and closed according to the change of the environmental temperature and humidity (detected by the temperature and humidity sensor), or according to the detected data of the sensor having the influence on the dust accumulation ratio due to non-dust accumulation factors such as rain, snow, ice and frost.
The using method comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 37, refraction, absorption, transmission, reflection and scattering processes occur when incident light irradiates the glass panel 1, when soot is deposited on the glass panel 1, scattering and absorption are enhanced, transmission is reduced, scattering intensity and transmission intensity are in a certain proportional relationship, and reflected intensity change is related to the properties of soot deposited particles, and the influence of the soot deposited panel (glass panel 1) on the whole solar spectrum is inverted by the incident intensity and scattering intensity of the multiband light source 8 (white light, blue light, green light and red light), and the soot deposition pollution rate can be calculated by using formulas 3 to 4.
Referring to fig. 38, after the dust deposition sensor is powered, the main control circuit 3 controls the multiband light source 1 to sequentially emit white light, blue light, green light and red light, irradiates onto the glass panel 1, and cooperates with the scattered light photosensitive element 13 to receive intensity signals of each band of light waves after passing through the glass panel 1, the signals remove interference of background light Rb through demodulation to form available incident light Ri signals, the main control circuit 3 sends observation instructions to the light emission and feedback circuit board 6, the light emission and feedback circuit board 6 provides modulation signals for the multiband light source 8, the multiband light source 8 sequentially emits each band of light waves, meanwhile, the light emission and feedback circuit board 6 receives intensity signals of the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light receiving circuit board 11 receives signals of the scattered light photosensitive element 13, the signals remove interference of background light (which is completed through demodulation) to form available incident light and scattered light signals, and the temperature and humidity inside the current sensor are collected by the main control circuit 3 through the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity data are utilized to compensate the incident light and scattered light signals.
The using method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting background light intensity Rb, incident light intensity Ri, scattered light intensity Rd and temperature data, and then calculating the gray scale pollution ratio of four wave bands of white light, blue light, green light and red light through a formula 3, wherein the gray scale pollution ratio data obtained through white light calculation is a wide-wave band gray scale pollution ratio, and the gray scale pollution ratio obtained through blue light, green light and red light calculation can be calculated through a formula 4 to obtain a full-spectrum gray scale pollution ratio;
humidity threshold RH can be set by taking humidity data as a criterion of data quality 0 (e.g. RH 0 =60%) when RH < RH in the sensor 0 When the data is valid; when the sensor is inside RH>RH 0 When the data is invalid, the internal desiccant and the sealing ring need to be replaced;
equation 3:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; t: representing the sensor temperature;A 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 : is a constant;
equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: representing the sensor temperature;
the gray deposition pollution ratio of white light (including blue light, green light, red light and the like) namely the wide-band gray deposition pollution ratio can be calculated through the formula 3, fitting parameters such as beta, alpha, gamma and the like can be calculated through the combination of the formula 3 and the formula 4, and the gray deposition pollution ratio of light waves with different wavelengths lambda can be calculated through substituting the corresponding light wave wavelengths such as blue light, green light, red light and the like into the formula 4; further, the average value is calculated through the dust pollution ratio of the light waves with different wavelengths lambda (the dust pollution ratio SR (lambda) is more accurate than the dust pollution ratio calculated by the formula 3);
Dust types were classified by calculating the Angstrom absorption index (Absorption Angstrom Exponent, AAE) and Angstrom extinction index (Extinction Angstrom Exponent, EAE) from the observed data. The AAE and EAE calculations are according to formulas 5-9.
When AAE is more than 1.5 and EAE is less than 1, the dust is sand;
when AAE=1 to 1.7 and EAE >1.8, the smoke is fume;
when AAE is less than 1.5 and EAE=1.5-1.8, the dust is city and industrial dust;
the thresholds of the specific AAE and EAE may be adjusted according to the actual situation.
Equation 5:
equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) eλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
equation 8:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; c (C) eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by the light wave at wavelength λ (calculated by equation 9 in this example); rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
Equation 9: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 Are all constant.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the housing frame 2 of the dust collecting sensor is different in structure, in this embodiment, the housing frame 2 is rectangular, and has a compact structure, so that it is convenient to integrate onto a panel such as a photovoltaic module, the second connecting frame 17 is horizontally arranged, and the rest of the structures and functions in the sensor are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Example 3
The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the dust deposition sensor in the present embodiment adds the reflected light intensity measurement, so that the detection accuracy of the dust deposition pollution rate and the recognition capability of the dust deposition type (calculated by the formula 12) can be partially improved.
Referring to fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12, in the present embodiment, the second connecting frame 17 is provided with another light receiving hole 12, the light receiving hole 12 is embedded with a reflective light photosensitive element 14 for measuring the dust accumulation type, and the reflective light photosensitive element 14 is disposed on the reflective path of the multiband light source 8.
The using method comprises the following steps: when incident light irradiates the glass panel 1, refraction, absorption, transmission, reflection and scattering processes can occur, when the glass panel 1 is provided with dust deposit, the scattering and absorption are enhanced, the transmission is reduced, the scattering intensity and the transmission intensity are in a certain proportion relation, the reflected intensity change is related to the property of dust deposit particles, the influence of the dust deposit panel (the glass panel 1) on the whole solar spectrum is inverted through the incident intensity, the scattering intensity and the reflection intensity of the multiband light source 8 (white light, blue light, green light and red light), the dust deposit pollution rate is calculated by using the formula 4 and the formulas 10-12, and the recognition of the dust deposit type is realized by using the formulas 5-7.
After the dust accumulation sensor supplies power, the main control circuit 3 sends an observation instruction to the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 provides modulation signals for the multiband light source 8, the multiband light source 8 sequentially emits light waves of each waveband, meanwhile, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 receives intensity signals of the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light receiving circuit board 11 receives intensity signals of the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the reflected light photosensitive element 14, background light interference is eliminated through demodulation of the signals to form available incident light, scattered light and reflected light signals, the main control circuit 3 collects temperature and humidity inside the current sensor through the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity data are utilized to compensate the incident light, the scattered light and the reflected light signals.
Embodiment 3 is based on embodiment 1, and adds the measurement of reflected light intensity (Rr), so as to realize the measurement of the dust pollution ratio and the recognition function of the dust type, and the calculation process is the same as that of embodiments 1 and 2, but the calculation of each parameter adopts formulas 4-7 and formulas 10-12;
equation 10:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rr: representing the intensity of reflected light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is a constant;
equation 11:
wherein C is eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Are all calibration constants;
equation 12: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1 ×Rr λ +D 2
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : a scattered light intensity representing a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 、D 2 : is constant.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 16, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the housing frame 2 of the dust accumulation sensor has a rectangular housing frame 2, which is compact, so as to be integrated on a panel such as a photovoltaic module, the reflective light photosensitive element 14 in the present embodiment is fixed on the third connecting frame 18, the third connecting frame 18 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cavity, the bottom of the third connecting frame is propped against the top of the second connecting frame 17, the third connecting frame 18 is provided with a light receiving hole 12, the reflective light is transmitted to the reflective light photosensitive element 14 through the light receiving hole 12, and the second connecting frame 17 is horizontally arranged.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 20, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the ash deposition sensor in the present embodiment adds the transmitted light intensity measurement, so as to partially improve the detection accuracy of the ash deposition pollution rate and the recognition capability of the ash deposition type. The top of the glass panel 1 is also provided with a fourth connecting frame 19, the fourth connecting frame 19 is provided with a light receiving hole 12, a light transmission photosensitive element 15 is embedded in the light receiving hole 12, the light transmission photosensitive element 15 is positioned on an incident (transmission) path of the multiband light source and is positioned on the outer side of the glass panel 1, and the light transmission photosensitive element 15 is used for receiving the transmitted light of the multiband light source.
The using method comprises the following steps: when incident light irradiates the glass panel 1, refraction, absorption, transmission, reflection and scattering processes can occur, when the glass panel 1 is provided with dust deposit, the scattering and absorption are enhanced, the transmission is reduced, the scattering intensity and the transmission intensity are in a certain proportion relation, the transmitted intensity change is related to the property of dust deposit particles, the influence of the dust deposit panel (the glass panel 1) on the whole solar spectrum is inverted through the incident intensity, the scattering intensity and the transmission intensity of the multiband light source 8 (white light, blue light, green light and red light), the dust deposit pollution rate is calculated by using the formula 4 and the formula 13, and the recognition of the dust deposit type is realized by using the formulas 5-8.
After the dust accumulation sensor supplies power, the main control circuit 3 sends an observation instruction to the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 provides modulation signals for the multiband light source 8, the multiband light source 8 sequentially emits light waves of each waveband, meanwhile, the light emitting and feedback circuit board 6 receives intensity signals of the incident light photosensitive element 10, the light receiving circuit board 11 receives intensity signals of the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the transmitted light photosensitive element 15, background light interference is eliminated through demodulation of the signals to form available incident light, scattered light and transmitted light signals, the main control circuit 3 collects temperature and humidity inside the current sensor through the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity data are utilized to compensate the incident light, the scattered light and the transmitted light signals.
Example 5 on the basis of example 1, the measurement of transmitted light intensity (Rt) is added, so that the measurement of the dust accumulation pollution ratio can be realized, the recognition function of the dust accumulation type is realized, the calculation process is the same as that of examples 1 and 2, but the calculation of each parameter adopts formulas 4 to 8 and 13;
equation 13:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rt: representing transmitted light intensity; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is constant.
Example 6
Referring to fig. 24, the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the housing frame 2 of the dust sensor has a rectangular shape, and the housing frame 2 has a compact structure, so that it is convenient to integrate onto a panel such as a photovoltaic module.
Example 7
Referring to fig. 25 and 28, an ash deposition monitoring system includes an ash deposition sensor 1001, two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002, two groups of back plate temperature sensors 1003, a monitoring system main control circuit 1004, a monitoring system glass panel 1005, a monitoring system aviation plug 1006, and a monitoring system housing frame 1007, where the main control circuit includes a gyroscope for measuring an inclination angle and an attitude of the ash deposition monitoring system, and the main control circuit has one or more wireless communication functions, such as bluetooth, WIFI, loRa, NB-IOT, zigBee, 4G, or other wireless communication modes, so as to implement wireless communication, data transmission, and calibration operation of the device.
Referring to fig. 28, a monitoring system housing frame 1007 is embedded with an ash deposition sensor 1001, where the ash deposition sensor 1001 may be a sensor in embodiment 1, or may be any one of the ash deposition sensors 1001 in embodiments 2 to 6, a monitoring system glass panel 1005 is fixed on the top of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, a photovoltaic cell 1002 is packaged at the bottom of the monitoring system glass panel 1005, a back plate temperature sensor 1003 is fixed on the back surface of the photovoltaic cell 1002, or may be adhered or otherwise fixed on the back surface of the monitoring system glass panel 1005, one ash deposition sensor 1001 corresponds to two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002, the two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 may be located at the left side and the right side of the ash deposition sensor 1001 for calibrating an ash deposition pollution ratio, and the number and positions of the back plate temperature sensors 1003 are changed according to actual requirements, in embodiment 1 of the monitoring system, two back plate temperature sensors 1003 are used; the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, and is electrically connected to the dust deposition sensor 1001, the photovoltaic cell 1002 and the back plate temperature sensor 1003, and referring to fig. 25 and 27, a plurality of fixing holes 10071 are formed in the monitoring system housing frame 1007, and a packaging hole 10072 is formed in the bottom;
It should be noted that, the monitoring system glass panel 1005 is fixed on the surface of the housing frame sampling area (or the monitoring system glass panel 1005 using the medium such as the photovoltaic module as the dust accumulation sensor, fix the dust accumulation sensor on the photovoltaic module or the medium to be measured, measure the dust accumulation degree of the photovoltaic module), it is used as the dust accumulation panel and provide a measurement window for the dust accumulation sensor 1001, the monitoring system housing frame 1007 is fixedly connected with the monitoring system aviation plug 1006, the fixing mode may be screw connection or integrated with the monitoring system housing frame 1007 or pre-buried in the production process of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, the aviation plug 4 is a commercial part, in this embodiment, the aviation plug 4 is fixed on the front end surface of the housing frame 2, or may be located at other positions in the circumferential direction of the housing frame 2, not limited thereto;
in this embodiment, the sampling window area is located below the glass panel 1005 of the monitoring system and is located in the middle of the top of the housing frame 2 of the sensor, or may be set in the housing frame 1007 of the monitoring system or at any position outside the housing frame 1007 of the monitoring system, in this embodiment, the heating plate 20 or an electric heating component such as a heating resistor is disposed below the glass panel 1005 of the monitoring system, and is used for heating the glass panel, so as to prevent condensation, frost and ice in the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor, and meanwhile, the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor can be melted and evaporated in an accelerated manner, so as to keep the sampling window area of the dust accumulation sensor dry, improve the detection accuracy of the dust accumulation pollution ratio, and can start and close the heating function by sending an instruction to the monitoring system main control circuit 1004, or set a threshold according to the change of the environmental temperature and humidity (detected by the temperature and humidity sensor), or according to the detected data of the sensor having the influence on the dust accumulation ratio by non-dust accumulation factors such as rain, snow, ice and frost.
Working principle: after the dust accumulation monitoring system is powered on, a monitoring system main control circuit 1004 acquires dust accumulation pollution ratio data of the dust accumulation sensor 1001 by sending an observation instruction to the dust accumulation sensor 1001, acquires the inclination angle and the posture of the dust accumulation monitoring system by a gyroscope, sends the data to a user host or a cloud through a communication interface, and can be connected with a rain sensor, a rainfall sensor, a snow depth meter, an ice frost sensor and other equipment with the function of detecting the change of the dust accumulation ratio due to non-dust accumulation factors or equipment with the function of detecting the quality of the dust accumulation ratio data to realize the quality control of the pollution ratio data;
when calibration of the soot contamination ratio data is required, the actual soot contamination ratio (SR) is measured by the photovoltaic cell 1002 RC ) Soot pollution ratio data (SR) obtained from the soot sensor 1001 0 ) Obtaining a calibration coefficient k through the operation of a formula 14, and completing the calibration of the dust accumulation monitoring system by input equipment;
equation 14: k=sr RC /SR 0
Wherein, k: representing the calibration coefficient of the dust deposition pollution ratio;
wherein each soot sensor 1001 in the soot monitoring system corresponds to at least two sets of photovoltaic cells 1002 (RC 1 And RC 2 ) At calibration, according to IEC61724-1:2021 standard can be used for measuring the actual dust pollution ratio SR by adopting a short-circuit current method or a maximum power method RC 。
The soot monitoring system in this embodiment supports these two measurement methods, and the specific calibration and calculation processes are as follows:
(a) Short circuit current method: first step, for RC 1 Cleaning and maintaining RC 2 An ash deposition state; second step, measure RC 1 Short-circuit current I of (2) SC1 And back plate temperature T 1 Simultaneously measuring RC 2 Short-circuit current of (2)I SC2 And back plate temperature T 2 Reading the soot pollution ratio SR of the soot sensor 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thirdly, calculating effective radiation (Effective Irradiance, abbreviated EI) using equation 15; fourth, calculating theoretical short-circuit current I of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding by using a formula 16 SC21 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fifthly, calculating the dust deposition pollution ratio SR of the photovoltaic cell by using a formula 17 RC The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step six, calculating a soot pollution ratio calibration coefficient k by using a formula 14;
equation 15:
equation 16: i sC21 ＝I SC20 (1+α×(T 2 -T 0 ))×(EI/EI 0 )
Equation 17: SR (SR) RC ＝I SC2 /I SC21
Wherein, EI: representing the effective radiation intensity under live conditions;
EI 0 : represents the radiation intensity under standard conditions, and is a constant of 1000W/m 2 ；
Alpha: the temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic cell is expressed and is a factory constant;
T 0 : represents the temperature under standard conditions, and is constant (typically 25 ℃);
T 1 : representing the live temperature of the clean photovoltaic cell slice;
T 2 : representing the live temperature of the ash deposition photovoltaic cell;
I SC10 : short-circuit current of the clean photovoltaic cell under standard conditions is expressed as a factory constant;
I SC1 : indicating the short-circuit current of the clean photovoltaic cell;
I SC21 : the theoretical short-circuit current of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding is shown;
I SC20 : short-circuit current of the gray photovoltaic cell under standard conditions is shown as a factory constant;
I SC2 : photovoltaic cell sheet for indicating dust accumulationLive short circuit current;
SR RC : and the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic cell.
(b) Maximum power method: first step, for RC 1 Cleaning and maintaining RC 2 An ash deposition state; second step, measure RC 1 Short-circuit current I of (2) sC1 And back plate temperature T 1 Simultaneously measuring RC 2 Maximum power P of (2) max2 And back plate temperature T 2 Reading the soot pollution ratio SR of the soot sensor 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Thirdly, calculating effective radiation EI by using a formula 15; fourth, calculating theoretical maximum power P of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding by using a formula 18 max21 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Fifth step, calculating the dust deposition pollution ratio SR of the photovoltaic cell by using a formula 19 RC The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sixth, the soot pollution ratio calibration coefficient k is generated (formula 14).
Equation 18: p (P) max21 ＝P max20 ×(1+γ×(T 2 -T 0 ))×(EI/EI 0 )
Equation 19: SR (SR) RC ＝P max2 /P max21
P max21 : the theoretical maximum power of the dust-collecting photovoltaic cell under the condition of no dust shielding is represented;
P max20 : the maximum power of the gray photovoltaic cell under the standard condition is represented as a factory constant;
P max2 : representing the live maximum power of the gray photovoltaic cell;
Gamma: the temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic cell is expressed and is a factory constant;
T 0 : represents the temperature under standard conditions, and is constant (typically 25 ℃);
T 2 : representing the live temperature of the ash deposition photovoltaic cell;
EI: representing the effective radiation intensity under live conditions;
EI 0 : represents the radiation intensity under standard conditions, and is a constant of 1000W/m 2 ；
SR RC : and the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic cell.
The application method of the dust accumulation monitoring system comprises the following steps:
the first step, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 records the pollution ratio data of the current dust deposition sensor 1001 and sends an instruction to the maximum power measuring circuit (monitoring system main control circuit 1004), the maximum power measuring circuit measures the maximum power point and short circuit current of each photovoltaic cell 1002 and records the maximum power point and short circuit current, and the main control circuit 1004 obtains the current temperature of each photovoltaic cell 1002 through the back plate temperature sensor 1003 and records the current temperature;
secondly, after cleaning a group of photovoltaic cells 1002 corresponding to each dust accumulation sensor 1001, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 records the pollution ratio data of each dust accumulation sensor 1001, the maximum power point of each photovoltaic cell 1002, the short-circuit current data and the temperature data of the photovoltaic cell 1002 again;
third, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 calculates the calibration coefficient by using equation 14 in combination with the above measured numbers, and solving the live soot pollution ratio by using the short-circuit current method or the maximum power method described above;
Fourth, the monitoring system main control circuit 1004 writes the calibration coefficient into the system after automatic or manual confirmation to complete the calibration of the dust sensor.
Example 8
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 7 is that two groups of photovoltaic cells are added in the monitoring system in the embodiment, so that the uniformity degree of deposited ash on the glass panel can be represented;
referring to fig. 32, four photovoltaic cells 1002 in this embodiment are disposed and distributed on two sides of the soot sensor, so as to characterize the uniformity of soot on the glass panel. Two groups of photovoltaic cells are used for measuring the real dust deposition pollution ratio of one side of the dust deposition sensor, and the other two groups of photovoltaic cells are used for measuring the real dust deposition pollution ratio of the other side of the dust deposition sensor. When the dust deposition pollution ratios at the two sides are the same, the dust deposition on the panel is indicated to be uniform; when the difference of the dust deposition pollution ratios at the two sides is larger, the dust deposition on the panel is indicated to be non-uniform; the difference between the using method and the embodiment 7 is that in the third step, when the four photovoltaic cells are used for calibrating the dust accumulation sensorTwo calibration coefficients k are obtained using equation 14 1 And k 2 When the system is input, an average value of both can be used.
Example 9
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 7 is that three dust collecting sensors 1001 are disposed in this embodiment, and the three dust collecting sensors 1001 in this embodiment are linearly and equidistantly distributed along the length direction of the monitoring system housing frame 1007, where the sampling windows are all located on the center line of the monitoring system housing frame 1007; of course, the distribution can be linear non-equidistant distribution, or the distribution can be correspondingly arranged in the area needing to be sampled;
because three deposition sensors 1001 are arranged, six groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 are correspondingly arranged, each deposition sensor 1001 corresponds to two groups of cells 1002, and the two groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 are arranged on two sides of the deposition sensor, so that the uniformity degree of deposition on a glass panel can be represented, and the single deposition sensor 1001 is calibrated; the independent calibration of the specific photovoltaic cell 1002 on the ash deposition sensor of the corresponding sampling window is supported through the plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells 1002 which are independently collected, the calibration of the ash deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module under the real scene of uniform ash deposition and non-uniform ash deposition can be adapted, and the expansion interface of the ash deposition monitoring system can be connected with a rain sensor, a rainfall sensor, a snow depth instrument and the like, so that equipment for detecting the change of the ash deposition ratio due to non-ash deposition factors or equipment for detecting the quality of the ash deposition ratio data are provided, and the quality control of the pollution ratio data is realized;
The data of the soot pollution ratio observed by each soot sensor 1001 may be output independently, or may be output by weighted average according to formula 20, so as to realize high-precision measurement and cost control of the soot pollution ratio in various soot scenes such as uniform and non-uniform;
equation 20:
wherein,
SR: the ash deposition pollution ratio after weighted average;
SR i : indicating ash accumulation monitoringThe soot pollution ratio observed by the soot sensor 1001 at different positions on the system panel;
a 0 ，a 1 ...a i (i=0, 1 … n): the weight coefficient represents the average contribution rate of the accumulated ash pollution ratio of each part of the panel of the accumulated ash monitoring system to the whole panel, and can be set according to the power generation characteristic of the photovoltaic panel. When a is 0 ＝0，a i When=1 (i= … n), a conventional averaging algorithm is used to represent a uniform gray scene.
The dust collection monitoring system can be provided with one dust collection sensor 1001 and three dust collection sensors 1001, and can be flexibly provided with two dust collection sensors 1001 or more dust collection sensors 1001 so as to reflect dust collection conditions of different parts of the photovoltaic module, thereby realizing high-precision measurement of dust collection pollution ratio under uniform and non-uniform real dust collection scenes.
The dust accumulation monitoring system also has a Bluetooth connection function, can directly establish wireless connection with terminals such as a mobile phone and a computer with the Bluetooth connection function, receives and checks dust accumulation monitoring data through APP software or a small program, performs setting and calibration operations on equipment and the like, can use other wireless communication functions such as WIFI, loRa, NB-IOT, zigBee, 4G or other wireless communication modes besides the Bluetooth connection mode, and can directly establish wireless connection with terminals such as a mobile phone and a computer with corresponding connection functions, and receive and check the dust accumulation monitoring data through APP software or the small program, perform setting and calibration operations on the equipment and the like;
The main control circuit 3 controls the multiband light source 1 to sequentially emit white light, blue light, green light and red light, and irradiates the multiband light source 1 onto the glass panel 1, and the scattered light photosensitive element 13 of the gray scale sensor 1001 in embodiment 1 or 2 and the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the reflected light photosensitive element 14 of the gray scale sensor 1001 in embodiment 3 or 4 or the scattered light photosensitive element 13 and the transmitted light photosensitive element 15 of the gray scale sensor 1001 in embodiment 5 or 6 synchronously receive intensity signals of each band of light wave after the light wave passes through the glass panel 1, and these signals are interfered by the background light (Rb) by demodulation and rejection to form available incident light (Ri), scattered light (Rd), reflected light (Rr) or transmitted light (Rt) signals. The main control circuit 3 collects the temperature and humidity inside the current sensor through the temperature and humidity sensor, and compensates the incident light, scattered light, reflected light or transmitted light signals by utilizing the temperature and humidity data so as to improve the detection precision.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. The method for improving the detection precision of the dust deposition pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: transmitting light waves of a plurality of wave bands to a glass panel of the photovoltaic module through a multiband light source;
s2: receiving light intensity signals of light waves of each wave band after the light waves pass through the glass panel, and eliminating background light interference through demodulation to form available light signals;
s3: and detecting the temperature and the humidity in the cavity of the photovoltaic module through a temperature and humidity sensor, and compensating the light intensity signals received by the photosensitive element through temperature and humidity data.
2. The method for improving the detection precision of the dust accumulation and pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the compensating the optical signal received by the photosensitive element comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting temperature and humidity data RH in the cavity;
s2: RH and humidity threshold RH 0 Comparing;
s3: when RH is<RH 0 The light signal data received by the photosensor is valid when RH>RH 0 At this time, the data is invalid.
3. The method for improving the detection precision of the soot contamination ratio of the photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the photosensitive element comprises an incident light photosensitive element and a scattered light photosensitive element, which are respectively used for detecting the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity with the wavelength lambda, and the soot contamination ratio SR is calculated by the formula 3 or the formula 4;
Equation 3:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 : is a constant;
equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: indicating the sensor temperature.
4. A method for improving the detection precision of the dust accumulation and pollution ratio of a photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein the dust type is obtained by calculating the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity;
calculating light wave transmission light intensity by using light wave scattering light intensity and light wave reflection light intensity through a formula 9, and substituting the light wave transmission light intensity into formulas 5-8 to calculate an absorption index AAE and a distinguishing index EAE;
equation 5:
equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) eλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
equation 8:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; c (C) eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
equation 9: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 Are all constants;
comparing the calculated absorption index AAE and the distinguishing index EAE with preset values so as to distinguish dust types;
when AAE >1.5, EAE <1, sand;
when AAE=1 to 1.7 and EAE >1.8, the smoke is fume;
urban and industrial dust is found when AAE <1.5, eae=1.5 to 1.8.
5. The method for improving the detection precision of the dust accumulation and pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein the photosensitive element further comprises a reflected light photosensitive element, the reflected light photosensitive element is used for detecting the reflected light intensity of light waves with the wavelength lambda, the dust type is obtained through calculation of the reflected light intensity and the scattered light intensity, and the parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4-7 and formulas 10-12;
equation 10:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rr: representing the intensity of reflected light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is a constant;
equation 11:
wherein C is eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Are all calibration constants;
equation 12: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1 ×Rr λ +D 2
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : a scattered light intensity representing a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 、D 2 : is constant.
6. The method for improving the detection precision of the dust accumulation and pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module according to claim 4, wherein the photosensitive element further comprises a transmission light photosensitive element, and the dust type is obtained through calculation of the light intensity of the transmission light; parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4 to 8 and formula 13;
equation 13:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rt: representing transmitted light intensity; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is constant.
7. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash accumulation sensor based on the method for improving the detection precision of the ash accumulation pollution ratio of the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-4 is characterized by comprising a shell frame, a glass panel, a multi-band light source, a light emission and feedback circuit board, a photosensitive element, a main control circuit and an electric heating component, wherein the glass panel and the shell frame are fixed in a surrounding manner to form a closed cavity structure, the multi-band light source, the light emission and feedback circuit board, the main control circuit and the electric heating component are all fixed in the cavity, the main control circuit is electrically connected with the multi-band light source, the photosensitive element, the light emission and feedback circuit board and the electric heating component, the main control circuit controls the multi-band light source to emit light waves with a plurality of wave bands to be incident on the glass panel, the photosensitive element is used for receiving light intensity signals of the light waves with the wave bands after the light waves pass through the glass panel, and removing background light interference through demodulation, the main control circuit is also provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, and the outside of the photosensitive element is provided with a receiving light hole, and the temperature and humidity sensor is used for detecting the temperature and humidity in the cavity and humidity and the temperature sensor and the temperature and humidity signals and the temperature signals are compensated by the light and the temperature sensor.
8. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor of claim 7, wherein the photosensitive element comprises an incident light photosensitive element and a scattered light photosensitive element, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are respectively used for detecting the incident light intensity and the scattered light intensity with the wavelength lambda, and are fixedly arranged in the cavity and electrically connected with a light emitting and feedback circuit board, the multi-band light source is fixedly connected with the incident light photosensitive element through the light emitting and feedback circuit board, and the light emitting and feedback circuit board is connected with the scattered light photosensitive element through a light receiving circuit board.
9. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor of claim 7, wherein a light reflection and confinement member is mounted on the incident path of the incident light, and the light reflection and confinement member is used for adjusting the light intensity of the multi-band light source incident on the incident light photosensitive element.
10. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor of claim 8, wherein the photosensitive element further comprises a reflected light photosensitive element fixedly arranged in the cavity, the reflected light photosensitive element is used for detecting the reflected light intensity of the light wave with the wavelength lambda, and the reflected light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are used for distinguishing dust types;
Calculating the reflected light intensity and the scattered light intensity to obtain the dust type, wherein parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4-7 and formulas 10-12;
equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: representing the sensor temperature;
equation 5:
equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) eλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
equation 10:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rr: representing the intensity of reflected light; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is a constant;
equation 11:
wherein C is eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 、C 3 Are all calibration constants;
equation 12: rt (Rt) λ ＝D 0 ×Rd λ +D 1 ×Rr λ +D 2
Wherein Rt is λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : a scattered light intensity representing a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rr (Rr) λ : representing the intensity of reflected light of the light wave with the wavelength lambda; d (D) 0 、D 1 、D 2 : is constant.
11. The multi-band photovoltaic module ash sensor of claim 8, wherein the photosensitive element further comprises a light-transmitting photosensitive element located outside the cavity, the light-transmitting photosensitive element being electrically connected to the light-emitting and feedback circuit board, the light-transmitting photosensitive element being configured to detect the transmitted light intensity of the light wave having a wavelength λ;
calculating the light intensity of the transmitted light to obtain the dust type; parameters are calculated by adopting formulas 4 to 8 and formula 13;
equation 4: SR (λ) =exp (- β·λ) -α )+γ+F×T
Wherein, SR (λ): the dust deposition pollution ratio with the wavelength lambda of the light wave is shown; lambda: representing the wavelength of the light wave; beta, alpha, gamma: fitting parameters; f: representing a constant; t: representing the sensor temperature;
equation 5:
Equation 6:
wherein C is aλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) aλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave absorption coefficient of (a); c (C) eλ1 : indicating a wavelength lambda 1 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); c (C) eλ2 : indicating a wavelength lambda 2 Is a light wave extinction coefficient of (2); lambda (lambda) 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 : representing wavelength;
equation 7:
equation 8:
wherein C is aλ : representing the absorption coefficient of dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; c (C) eλ : an extinction coefficient representing dust for light waves having a wavelength lambda; rt (Rt) λ : representing the intensity of light transmitted by a light wave having a wavelength lambda; rd (Rd) λ : representing the intensity of scattered light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; ri (Ri) λ : representing the intensity of incident light of a light wave having a wavelength lambda; c (C) 0 、C 1 、C 2 : is a constant;
equation 13:
wherein, SR: representing the dust pollution ratio; rd: representing the intensity of scattered light; rb: representing the intensity of background light; ri: representing the intensity of incident light; rt: representing transmitted light intensity; t: representing the sensor temperature; a is that 0 、A 1 、A 2 、A 3 、A 4 : is constant.
12. The multi-band photovoltaic module dust sensor of claim 8, wherein a first connecting frame is fixedly connected in the cavity, the multi-band light source, the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element are fixedly connected with the first connecting frame, a light receiving hole matched with the incident light photosensitive element and the scattered light photosensitive element is further formed in the first connecting frame, the first connecting frame is further fixedly connected and fastened with the inner wall of the shell frame through a second connecting frame, an aerial plug is connected on the shell frame, the main control circuit is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the cavity, and the shell frame is a cylinder or a cube.
13. An ash monitoring system comprising an ash sensor of a multiband photovoltaic module according to any of claims 7-12, characterized by comprising an ash sensor, a monitoring systemThe monitoring system comprises a system shell frame, a photovoltaic cell piece unit, a back plate temperature sensor, a monitoring system main control circuit and a monitoring system glass panel, wherein the monitoring system main control circuit is electrically connected with the dust deposition sensor, the photovoltaic cell piece and the back plate temperature sensor, the monitoring system glass panel is fixed on the end face of a sampling area of the monitoring system shell frame and forms a closed cavity structure with the monitoring system shell frame in a surrounding mode, the dust deposition sensor and the photovoltaic cell piece unit are fixed at the bottom of the monitoring system glass panel, the back plate temperature sensor is fixed at the bottom of the photovoltaic cell piece, and the dust deposition sensor is fixedly arranged on the monitoring system shell frame and used for measuring the dust deposition pollution ratio SR 0 The photovoltaic cell is used for measuring the ash deposition pollution ratio SR of the photovoltaic cell RC By measuring the dust pollution ratio SR 0 And the dust deposition pollution ratio SR of the photovoltaic cell RC And calculating a calibration coefficient and feeding back to the soot detection system for calibration.
14. The ash deposition monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the photovoltaic cell unit comprises two groups of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power measurement circuit for measuring the maximum power of the solar cells is arranged on a monitoring system main control circuit, and the calibration comprises the following steps:
The first step: the monitoring system main control circuit records the pollution ratio data of the current dust deposition sensor and sends an instruction to the maximum power measuring circuit, the maximum power measuring circuit measures the maximum power point and the short-circuit current of each photovoltaic cell and records the maximum power point and the short-circuit current, and the monitoring system main control circuit obtains the temperature of each current photovoltaic cell through the back plate temperature sensor and records the temperature;
and a second step of: after cleaning a group of photovoltaic cells corresponding to the dust accumulation sensor, the monitoring system main control circuit records the pollution ratio data of the dust accumulation sensor, the maximum power point of each photovoltaic cell, the short circuit current data and the photovoltaic cell temperature data again;
and a third step of: solving the live dust accumulation pollution ratio by a short-circuit current method or a maximum power method, and calculating a calibration coefficient by using a formula 14;
equation 14: k=sr RC /SR 0
Fourth step: and writing the calibration coefficient into the system by the monitoring system main control circuit to finish the calibration of the dust accumulation sensor.
15. The soot monitoring system of claim 13, wherein said photovoltaic cell unit comprises four groups of photovoltaic cells, said four groups of photovoltaic cells being positioned on each side of a soot sensor and being used to measure soot contamination ratios on each side of the soot sensor, said soot contamination ratios on each side of the soot sensor being used to characterize soot uniformity of a panel of the monitoring system.
16. The soot monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the soot sensor is provided in plurality, the photovoltaic cell unit comprises a plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells, the plurality of the soot sensors are respectively arranged in different areas of the monitoring system panel, two groups of photovoltaic cells are correspondingly arranged in each area, soot pollution ratio data obtained by the plurality of the soot sensors are calculated to obtain a soot pollution ratio of the soot monitoring system, and the soot pollution ratio data obtained by the plurality of the soot sensors are weighted and averaged to be output by a formula 20:
equation 20:
wherein, SR: the ash deposition pollution ratio after weighted average; SR (SR) i : the soot pollution ratio observed by the soot sensor 1001 at different positions on the soot monitoring system panel is shown; a, a 0 ，a 1 …a i (i=0, 1 … n): the weight coefficient is an average contribution rate of the accumulated ash pollution ratio of each part of the panel of the accumulated ash monitoring system to the whole panel, and can be set according to the power generation characteristic of the photovoltaic panel; when a is 0 ＝0，a i When=1 (i= … n), a conventional averaging algorithm is used to represent a uniform gray scene.
17. The soot monitoring system of claim 13, further comprising a system expansion interface connected to an external device comprising a rain sensor or a snow depth meter, and further comprising a bluetooth connection module for communication connection with a mobile terminal.
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