CN117740635A - Sedimentation velocity testing method for environment fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of particle sedimentation velocity test, in particular to a sedimentation velocity test method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing, which comprises the following steps of S1, preparing all detection devices and building a closed detection environment; s2, performing active inhalation fluorescence analog sampling and passive sedimentation fluorescence analog sampling; s3, acquiring an active inhalation image and a passive sedimentation image to analyze the number of active inhalation fluorescent marked particles and the number of passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles; s4, calculating the sedimentation velocity of the fluorescent marked particles according to the detected quantity of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles and the detected quantity of the active suction fluorescent marked particles; s5, calculating the actual consumption of the fluorescent marked particles; and S6, determining the accuracy of a fluorescence detection result, and adjusting an analysis process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of particle sedimentation velocity test, in particular to a sedimentation velocity test method for environment fine particle exposure fluorescence simulation tracing.
Background
The fine particles suspended in the indoor air have a large part of sedimentation on the surfaces of indoor furniture or human bodies, so that the sedimentation exposure risk of the human bodies is increased, and the human body health is further endangered. PM2.5 settles on the surface of mucous membrane tissues such as eyes of human body or skin to cause ophthalmic diseases or allergic dermatitis; PM2.5 enters the skin through hair follicles and epidermis, and causes skin inflammation and oxidative stress; some allergens, such as pollen, dust mite debris, etc., settle on the surface of human skin and also constitute an important risk to human health. In addition, it is difficult for bacteria and viruses to be directly transmitted indoors, and it is common that bacteria and viruses are attached to the surface of fine particles and transmitted by contact, droplets or aerosols. The human being is exposed to the air for a long time, and fine particles and related pollutants can be settled on clothes after accumulating in the air for a period of time, transported and spread by taking the clothes as a carrier, and re-enter the air in a re-suspension mode, thereby threatening the health of people in other spaces. Therefore, there is a need for intensive research into the process of settling fine particulate matter in a room, reducing the risk of settlement exposure for personnel in the room. The sedimentation exposure of fine particulate matter is mainly affected by the concentration of particulate matter and sedimentation velocity. The concentration of the particulate matter can be reduced by controlling the pollutant sources inside and outside the room, but the influence factors of the sedimentation velocity of the particulate matter on the surface of the human body are relatively complex, and direct measurement is difficult.
Chinese patent publication No.: CN204666469U discloses a granule sedimentation velocity tester, including the water tank that has the water storage inner chamber, install in the granule that the water tank top holds the case and install the multiunit infrared ray detection component on the water tank from top to bottom interval, the water tank is equipped with the overflow port, granule holds the bottom of the case and is equipped with the granule export that is arranged in discharging the granule to the water storage inner chamber, granule export's below is equipped with the granule release mechanism that is used for releasing the granule to the water storage inner chamber at overflow port place level with zero velocity, the bottom of water tank is equipped with the discharge gate and is used for opening and closing the discharge mechanism of discharge gate, it is thus clear that granule sedimentation velocity tester has following problem: too fine particles cannot be distinguished in detection, and the particles can influence the measurement result of the number of the settled particles due to the fact that the particles are subjected to water surface tension, so that the calculation result of the settling speed of the particles is inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a sedimentation velocity testing method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing, which is used for solving the problems that excessively fine particles cannot be distinguished during detection in the prior art, and the number measurement result of the sedimented particles is influenced by the reason that the particles are subjected to water surface tension, so that the calculation result of the sedimentation velocity of the particles is inaccurate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sedimentation velocity test method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing, comprising:
step S1, preparing a simulated breathing device, a passive sedimentation detection device and a dust generator, arranging the simulated breathing device, the passive sedimentation detection device and the dust generator in a test environment, presetting fluorescent marker particles in the dust generator, and building a closed detection environment according to the environment to be tested;
step S2, setting a sampling period, and simulating the respiratory rate and single inhalation amount of a respiratory device, introducing fluorescent marked particles into the closed detection environment by using the dust generator and adopting a set dust adding flow, adopting a simulated respiratory device to simulate active respiration through active inhalation environment particles to perform active inhalation fluorescent simulated sampling, and adopting a passive sedimentation detection device to simulate free sedimentation of the fluorescent marked particles to perform passive sedimentation fluorescent simulated sampling;
step S3, setting a sampling period, periodically acquiring a marked particulate matter image of the simulated breathing device by using a fluorescence microscope, marking the marked particulate matter image as an active inhalation image, acquiring a fluorescent marked particulate matter image on the passive sedimentation detection device, marking the fluorescent marked particulate matter image as a passive sedimentation image, and respectively analyzing the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image to obtain the number of the active inhaled fluorescent marked particulate matter of the simulated breathing device and the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particulate matter on the passive sedimentation detection surface;
S4, calculating according to the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles and the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marked particles obtained by analysis to obtain sedimentation velocity of fluorescent marked particles;
s5, after the recording of the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image is completed, closing a gas inlet of a simulated breathing device and a detection part of the passive sedimentation detection device, which is in contact with a closed detection environment, discharging air containing fluorescent marking particles in the simulated detection environment, detecting the residual fluorescent marking particles, and calculating the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles according to the fluorescent marking particles prepared in the step S1 and the residual fluorescent marking particles;
step S6, comparing the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marking particles obtained by analysis in the step S2 with the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marking particles obtained by analysis in the step S3 with the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles, and checking the accuracy of a fluorescent detection result;
wherein the fluorescent-labeled particles are dust particles with fluorescent labels.
Further, in the step S1, the closed detection environment includes:
a settling chamber which is a closable limited space for use as an analog detection space;
The first gas interaction channel is connected with the upper part of the sedimentation chamber and is used for introducing air mixed with quantitative fluorescent marking particles, and a first gas unidirectional switch is arranged at the joint of the first gas interaction channel and the sedimentation chamber;
the second gas interaction channel is connected with the lower part of the settling chamber, a second gas one-way switch is arranged at the joint of the second gas interaction channel and the settling chamber, and a particle filtering membrane for collecting the residual fluorescent marked particles after the test is arranged in the second gas interaction channel.
Further, the simulated breathing apparatus comprises:
the simulated airway is used for providing an air channel and comprises an air suction port and an air exhaust port, the air suction port is arranged at the air inflow end and used for enabling air containing fluorescent marking particles in the sedimentation chamber to flow into the air suction unit, the air suction port is provided with a switching valve, and the switching valve is used for blocking the sucked air in the simulated breathing device from the air in the sedimentation chamber after the air suction unit finishes the air suction process;
the air suction unit is arranged between the air suction port and the air discharge port of the simulated air passage and is used for simulating the air suction process of respiration so as to enable the simulated air passage to actively suck the air containing fluorescent marking particles;
The sampling film is arranged in the simulated air passage in front of the air suction unit, is connected with each inner side wall of the simulated air passage and is used for filtering gas introduced into the simulated air passage and collecting particles in the sucked gas;
an active image acquisition unit connected with the sampling film and used for acquiring the marked particulate matter image on the sampling film and recording the marked particulate matter image as an active inhalation image;
and the active analysis unit is connected with the active image acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marking particles on the active inhalation image.
Further, the passive sedimentation detection device includes:
the sedimentation surfaces are divided into horizontal sedimentation surfaces and vertical sedimentation surfaces, the horizontal sedimentation surfaces are arranged on the top of the passive sedimentation device, which is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the vertical sedimentation surfaces are arranged on the outer surface of the passive sedimentation device, which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
an isolation unit disposed outside each of the sedimentation surfaces to isolate the sedimentation surfaces from an external environment in a closed state and to completely expose the sedimentation surfaces in an open state;
the moving unit is arranged at the bottom of the passive sedimentation detection device and used for moving the passive sedimentation detection device in the closed detection environment;
A passive image acquisition unit connected to each of the horizontal sedimentation surfaces and the vertical sedimentation surfaces, respectively, for acquiring a sampling image of each sedimentation surface;
and the passive analysis unit is connected with the passive image acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the number of fluorescent marked particles on each sedimentation surface according to each sampling image to obtain the number of passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles.
Further, the simulated breathing device is arranged in a closed area surrounded by a plurality of sedimentation surfaces of the passive sedimentation detection device, and is connected with the sedimentation surfaces through an air suction port of the air suction unit.
Further, in the step S1, a specific process of building a closed detection environment is as follows:
step S11, a passive sedimentation detection device and a passive sedimentation detection device are arranged in a sedimentation chamber, wherein an air suction port of the simulated breathing device is closed, and the sedimentation surfaces are not contacted with the air in the sedimentation chamber;
step S12, introducing a first gas into the sedimentation chamber, and discharging all air in the sedimentation chamber;
and S13, opening the first gas one-way switch, fully mixing the prepared quantitative fluorescent marking particles with air after filtering interference particles, then introducing the mixture into the settling chamber, discharging all the first gas, completing the establishment of a closed detection environment, and judging that the simulated breathing device and the passive settlement detection device have opening conditions.
Further, in the step S4, the number of actively inhaled fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the number of fluorescent-labeled particles in the collected actively inhaled image and the sampling period, the number of passively sedimented fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the number of fluorescent-labeled particles in the collected passively sedimented image and the sampling period, the time-average concentration of the fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the increment of the fluorescent-labeled particles in the single sampling period, the respiratory rate and the single inhalation rate of the inhalation unit and the sampling period of the sampling film per unit sampling area, and the sedimentation speed of the fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the number of actively inhaled fluorescent-labeled particles, the number of passively sedimented fluorescent-labeled particles and the time-average concentration.
Further, in the step S5, the specific process of detecting the remaining amount of the fluorescent-labeled particles and the actual consumption amount of the fluorescent-labeled particles is as follows:
step S51, closing an air suction port of the simulated breathing device, and closing the isolation unit to isolate each sedimentation surface of the passive sedimentation detection device from the environment;
step S52, the first gas unidirectional switch and the second gas unidirectional switch are opened in the closed detection environment, the second gas is introduced into the gas inlet, the gas containing fluorescent marking particles is discharged, and the second gas is continuously introduced to discharge all the fluorescent marking particles;
And step S53, measuring the quantity of fluorescent marking particles on the filtering membrane of the second gas interaction channel, and calculating to obtain the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles according to the dust adding flow of the dust generator and the dust generating working time of the dust generator.
Further, in the step S6, the fluorescence accuracy of the analysis by the active analysis unit and the passive analysis unit is determined according to the calculated actual consumption amount of the fluorescence-labeled particles, the active inhalation amount of the particles, and the passive sedimentation amount of the particles.
Further, in the step S3, the passive sedimentation detection device may control the moving unit to be turned on to detect the amount of the passive sedimentation fluorescent-labeled particles in the moving state, and obtain the sedimentation velocity of the fluorescent-labeled particles in the corresponding moving state.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the beneficial effects that the sedimentation rate difference of the fine particles is measured when no moving object exists in a room, and the sedimentation rate of the fine particles on the surface of the moving object is indirectly analyzed; the method can be established to obtain the simulated active inhalation particle exposure, the passive sedimentation particle exposure and the sedimentation velocity of the particles on the simulated human body surface, is favorable for researching the influence of multiple factors on the sedimentation velocity of the particles in the environment on the simulated human body surface, has very important significance for researching the health threat of the particles, and provides data for developing a novel human body exposure model.
Furthermore, in the test method, two gas interaction channels are arranged in the closed detection environment, and the air is discharged by introducing the first gas, so that the fluorescent marking particles are prevented from being taken away when the gas containing the fluorescent marking particles is introduced, or other particles in the air influence the fluorescent analysis result, the external factor interference is reduced, and the accuracy of the analysis result is improved.
Furthermore, in the test method, the simulated respiration device can simulate and calculate the sedimentation velocity of fine particles on the surface of the human body more directly by measuring the quantity of the particles actively inhaled by the simulated human body, and data support is provided for the development of the passive exposure sensor of the human body.
In the test method, the passive sedimentation detection device measures the quantity of fluorescent marked particles on the surfaces of different positions by arranging different sedimentation surfaces, so that the sedimentation adhesion degree of the particles on the surfaces of different positions can be determined, the sedimentation rate of the particles on the different surfaces can be measured, and the sedimentation rate of the particles on the different surfaces of a human body can be simulated and measured more truly.
Furthermore, in the test method, the simulated respiration device is arranged in the passive sedimentation detection device, so that the fluorescent marking particles are prevented from adhering to the surface of the simulated respiration device, other interference adhesion of the fluorescent marking particles is reduced, and the calculation accuracy of the fluorescent consumption is ensured.
In the testing method, after the measurement is finished, the parts of the simulated respiration device and the passive sedimentation detection device for measuring the quantity of the fluorescent marking particles are separated from the air containing the fluorescent marking particles, so that the fluorescent marking particles or more fluorescent marking particles on the surface of the device are prevented from being attached to the detection device by the air flow during the exhaust, the consumption detection result of the fluorescent marking particles is influenced, and the judgment on the accuracy of the analysis result is influenced.
Further, in the test method, the consumption of the fluorescent marked particles, the active inhalation amount of the particles and the passive sedimentation amount of the particles are used for judging the fluorescence accuracy of the analysis unit, and the analysis parameters are adjusted, so that the accuracy of the analysis result of the fluorescent module is improved, and the accuracy of sedimentation rate calculation is improved.
Furthermore, in the test method, the movement condition of the passive sedimentation detection device is changed through the movement unit, so that the sedimentation velocity of the fluorescent marked particles under different movement conditions can be calculated, and the application range of the test method is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sedimentation velocity test method of the present invention for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracking;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the sedimentation velocity test method of the invention for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracking;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first portion of a sampler for a method of testing sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation trace in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second portion of a sampler for a method of testing sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation trace in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an active sampling system of a method for testing sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation trace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1, a dust generator; 2, a first gas interaction channel; 21, a first gas unidirectional switch; 3, a sedimentation chamber; 4, a second gas interaction channel; 41, a second gas unidirectional switch; 42, a particulate matter filtration membrane; 5, simulating an air passage; 6, an air suction unit; 7, sampling a film; 8, an active image acquisition unit; 9, a passive sedimentation detection device; 91, a horizontal sedimentation surface; 92, vertical sedimentation surface; 93, a mobile unit.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be further described with reference to the following examples; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely for explaining the technical principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a sedimentation velocity test method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the sedimentation velocity test method of the invention for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracking;
the embodiment of the invention provides a sedimentation velocity test method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, preparing a simulated breathing device, a passive sedimentation detection device and a dust generator 1, arranging the simulated breathing device, the passive sedimentation detection device and the dust generator in a test environment, presetting fluorescent marker particles in the dust generator, and building a closed detection environment according to the environment to be tested;
step S2, setting a sampling period, and simulating the respiratory rate and single inhalation amount of a respiratory device, introducing fluorescent marked particles into the closed detection environment by using the dust generator and adopting a set dust adding flow, adopting a simulated respiratory device to simulate active respiration through active inhalation environment particles to perform active inhalation fluorescent simulated sampling, and adopting a passive sedimentation detection device to simulate free sedimentation of the fluorescent marked particles to perform passive sedimentation fluorescent simulated sampling;
step S3, setting a sampling period, periodically acquiring a marked particulate matter image of the simulated breathing device by using a fluorescence microscope, marking the marked particulate matter image as an active inhalation image, acquiring a fluorescent marked particulate matter image on the passive sedimentation detection device, marking the fluorescent marked particulate matter image as a passive sedimentation image, and respectively analyzing the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image to obtain the number of the active inhaled fluorescent marked particulate matter of the simulated breathing device and the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particulate matter on the passive sedimentation detection surface;
S4, calculating according to the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles and the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marked particles obtained by analysis to obtain sedimentation velocity of fluorescent marked particles;
s5, after the recording of the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image is completed, closing a gas inlet of a simulated breathing device and a detection part of the passive sedimentation detection device, which is in contact with a closed detection environment, discharging air containing fluorescent marking particles in the simulated detection environment, detecting the residual fluorescent marking particles, and calculating the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles according to the fluorescent marking particles prepared in the step S1 and the residual fluorescent marking particles;
step S6, comparing the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marking particles obtained by analysis in the step S2 with the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marking particles obtained by analysis in the step S3 with the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles, and checking the accuracy of a fluorescent detection result;
wherein the fluorescent-labeled particles are dust particles with fluorescent labels.
According to the method, compared with the sedimentation velocity of the fine particles on the surface of the moving object, which is indirectly analyzed by measuring the sedimentation rate difference value of the fine particles when no moving object exists in a room, the sedimentation velocity of the fine particles on the surface of the moving object can be more directly calculated by measuring the concentration of the particles simulating active inhalation and passive sedimentation of the moving object, so that data support is provided for the development of the next passive exposure sensor of human body; the method can be established to simultaneously obtain the simulated active inhalation particle exposure, the passive sedimentation particle exposure and the sedimentation velocity of particles on the surface of the object, is favorable for researching the influence of multiple factors on the sedimentation velocity of particles in the environment on the simulated human surface, has very important significance for researching the health threat of the particles, and provides data and a method for developing a novel human exposure model.
Specifically, in the step S1, the closed detection environment includes:
a settling chamber 3 which is a closable limited space for use as an analog detection space;
a first gas interaction channel 2 connected with the upper part of the sedimentation chamber and used for introducing air mixed with quantitative fluorescent marking particles, and a first gas unidirectional switch 21 is arranged at the joint of the first gas interaction channel and the sedimentation chamber;
and a second gas interaction channel 4 connected with the lower part of the settling chamber, and provided with a second gas unidirectional switch 41 at the connection part with the settling chamber, and a particle filtering membrane 42 for collecting the residual fluorescent marked particles after the test is arranged in the second gas interaction channel.
In the test method, two gas interaction channels are arranged in the closed detection environment, and the air is discharged by introducing the first gas, so that the fluorescent marking particles are prevented from being taken away when the gas containing the fluorescent marking particles is introduced, or other particles in the air influence the fluorescent analysis result, the exogenous interference is reduced, and the accuracy of the analysis result is improved.
Specifically, the simulated breathing apparatus includes:
the simulated air passage 5 is used for providing an air passage and comprises an air suction port and an air exhaust port, the air suction port is arranged at the air inflow end and used for enabling air containing fluorescent marking particles in the sedimentation chamber to flow into the air suction unit, the air suction port is provided with a switching valve, and the switching valve is used for blocking the sucked air in the simulated breathing device from the air in the sedimentation chamber after the air suction unit finishes the air suction process;
An inhalation unit 6, which is arranged between the air suction port and the air discharge port of the simulated airway, and is used for simulating the inhalation process of respiration so as to enable the simulated airway to actively inhale the gas containing fluorescent marking particles;
the sampling film 7 is arranged in the simulated air passage in front of the air suction unit and is connected with each inner side wall of the simulated air passage, and is used for filtering the gas introduced into the simulated air passage and collecting particles in the sucked gas;
an active image acquisition unit 8 connected to the sampling film for acquiring a marked particulate matter image on the sampling film and recording as an active inhalation image;
and the active analysis unit is connected with the active image acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marking particles on the active inhalation image.
In practice, the inhalation unit simulates the inhalation process of breathing by the inhalation pump and controls the inhalation amount and the inhalation frequency of a single time by the inhalation pump; the sampling membrane is configured to filter and collect the fluorescent-labeled particles, for example by selecting a PTFE sampling membrane as the sampling membrane,
the active image acquisition unit shoots an image on the fluorescent-marked particle sampling film through a fluorescent microscope CCD camera and marks the image as an active inhalation image, and the active analysis unit counts the number of the fluorescent-marked particles by using an automatic counting method of a particle image sampling sample;
The exposure fluorescence simulation tracing method is realized by using a fluorescence labeling particle and a high-resolution fluorescence microscope, the special fluorescence labeling particle is utilized to simulate the exposure particle of a human body, after the exposure particle is captured by the particle settlement sampling method in the technical scheme, the exposure fluorescence simulation tracing method emits fluorescence under the irradiation of laser with a specific wavelength of the high-resolution fluorescence microscope, further a CCD camera of the fluorescence microscope is utilized to shoot a picture of the high-resolution particle,
programming by MATLAB software, setting the gray level to be in the range of 0-255, and setting the threshold to be 5, namely considering that the place with the gray level value larger than 5 is particulate matter;
carrying out fluorescent marking particle identification and quantity statistics, and automatically counting particle sampling sample images shot by a CCD camera of a fluorescent microscope, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
step 1, converting a gray photo shot by a CCD camera into a pure black-and-white binary image through a threshold conversion method; the particles are white dots, and the places without the particles are pure black backgrounds;
and step 2, finding out the connected areas in the binary image, and counting the number of the connected areas, namely the number of the particulate matters, so that the passive exposure conditions at different positions under different conditions can be obtained.
According to the test method, the simulated respiration device can be used for more directly simulating and calculating the sedimentation speed of fine particles on the surface of the simulated human body by measuring the quantity of the particles actively inhaled by the simulated human body, so that data support is provided for the next development of the human body passive exposure sensor.
Specifically, the passive sedimentation detection device 9 includes:
a plurality of sedimentation surfaces, which are divided into a horizontal sedimentation surface 91 and a vertical sedimentation surface 92, the horizontal sedimentation surface being disposed on top of the passive sedimentation device parallel to the horizontal plane, the vertical sedimentation surface being disposed on an outer surface of the passive sedimentation device perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
an isolation unit disposed outside each of the sedimentation surfaces to isolate the sedimentation surfaces from an external environment in a closed state and to completely expose the sedimentation surfaces in an open state;
a moving unit 93 disposed at the bottom of the passive sedimentation detection device for moving the passive sedimentation detection device in the closed detection environment;
a passive image acquisition unit connected to each of the horizontal sedimentation surfaces and the vertical sedimentation surfaces, respectively, for acquiring a sampling image of each sedimentation surface;
and the passive analysis unit is connected with the passive image acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the number of fluorescent marked particles on each sedimentation surface according to each sampling image to obtain the number of passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles.
In the implementation, the horizontal sedimentation surface simulates the parts with small included angles between shoulders, legs and the like of a person when sitting down, the vertical sedimentation surface simulates the parts with large included angles between backs or legs of the person when standing up, and the roughness of each sedimentation surface can be changed as well so as to simulate individuals with different fabrics or skins and measure the sedimentation speed;
When the isolation unit is used for isolating the sedimentation surface, the sedimentation surface can be isolated from the air of the sedimentation chamber, namely, the particle quantity of the sedimentation surface is not increased, the surface of the isolation unit, which is contacted with the fluorescent marking particles, is a smooth surface or a sinking-refusing surface, and when the residual fluorescent marking particles in the sedimentation chamber are collected subsequently, the consumption of the fluorescent marking particles in error statistics can be reduced.
The mobile unit changes the moving state of the sedimentation unit, can measure the sedimentation speed in a static state and simulate the sedimentation speed of a person at different moving speeds, and can be realized by any one of the prior art;
the passive image acquisition unit also uses a fluorescence microscope CCD camera to shoot images of all sedimentation surfaces and records the images as passive sedimentation images, and the passive analysis unit and the active analysis unit count the number of fluorescent marked particles by using the same automatic counting method of particle image sampling samples.
It will be appreciated that to improve the accuracy of the calculations of the present invention, other leak surfaces than the respective sedimentation surfaces should be provided as smooth or anti-sedimentation surfaces to minimize trial-and-error.
In the test method, the passive sedimentation detection device measures the quantity of fluorescent marked particles on the surfaces of different positions by arranging different sedimentation surfaces, can determine the sedimentation adhesion degree of the particles on the surfaces of different positions, measures the sedimentation rate of the particles on different surfaces, and more truly simulates and measures the sedimentation rate of the particles on different surfaces of a human body.
Specifically, the simulated breathing device is arranged in a closed area surrounded by a plurality of sedimentation surfaces of the passive sedimentation detection device, and is connected with the sedimentation surfaces through an air suction port of the air suction unit.
In practice, the air suction port of the simulated breathing apparatus may be disposed on an outer side surface of the passive sedimentation detection apparatus provided with a horizontal sedimentation surface, or disposed on an outer side surface of the passive sedimentation detection apparatus provided with a vertical sedimentation surface, preferably disposed on an outer side surface of the passive sedimentation detection apparatus provided with a vertical sedimentation surface, so as to reduce detection of the number of fluorescent-labeled particles actively sucked by fluorescent-labeled particles in free sedimentation.
In the test method, the simulated respiration device is arranged in the passive sedimentation detection device, so that fluorescent marking particles are prevented from adhering to the surface of the simulated respiration device, other interference adhesion of the fluorescent marking particles is reduced, and the calculation accuracy of the fluorescent consumption is ensured.
Specifically, in the step S1, the specific process of building the closed detection environment is as follows:
step S11, a passive sedimentation detection device and a passive sedimentation detection device are arranged in a sedimentation chamber, wherein an air suction port of the simulated breathing device is closed, and the sedimentation surfaces are not contacted with the air in the sedimentation chamber;
Step S12, introducing a first gas into the sedimentation chamber, and discharging all air in the sedimentation chamber;
and S13, opening the first gas one-way switch, fully mixing the prepared quantitative fluorescent marking particles with air after filtering interference particles, then introducing the mixture into the settling chamber, discharging all the first gas, completing the establishment of a closed detection environment, and judging that the simulated breathing device and the passive settlement detection device have opening conditions.
In practice, the first gas is a single component gas having a large difference in density from air; judging whether the air in the sedimentation chamber is completely discharged or not according to the condition that whether the concentration of the first gas in the sedimentation chamber is close to the concentration of the first gas introduced or not, and judging that the air in the sedimentation chamber is completely discharged when the concentration of the first gas in the sedimentation chamber is more than or equal to 98 percent of the concentration of the first gas introduced or not;
after the first gas is completely discharged, a particle filtering membrane is arranged in the second gas interaction channel, and the same PTFE sampling film is used as the sampling film for the particle filtering membrane and the sampling film.
Specifically, in the step S4, the number of actively sucked fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the number of fluorescent-labeled particles and the sampling period of the collected actively sucked image, the number of passively settled fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the number of fluorescent-labeled particles and the sampling period of the collected passively settled image, the time-average concentration of the fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the increment of the fluorescent-labeled particles in a single sampling period, the respiratory rate and the single inhalation amount of the inhalation unit and the sampling period of the sampling film per unit sampling area, and the settling speed of the fluorescent-labeled particles is calculated according to the number of actively sucked fluorescent-labeled particles, the number of passively settled fluorescent-labeled particles and the time-average concentration.
In the implementation, the sampling period is the number of times of breathing of the simulated breathing device, the active inhalation fluorescence simulation sampling and the passive sedimentation fluorescence simulation sampling are started simultaneously, and the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image are acquired simultaneously, namely, a group of active inhalation image and passive sedimentation image are acquired at the end of each sampling period;
the number of actively inhaled fluorescent marked particles in a single period is n1, the number of passively settled fluorescent marked particles in a horizontal settlement surface in a single period is n21, the number of passively settled fluorescent marked particles in a vertical settlement surface in a single period is n22, and the time average concentration is C ∞ Horizontal sedimentation velocity V for single cycle =n1/(t×v) d1 ＝J1/C ∞ Vertical sedimentation velocity V for a single cycle d2 ＝J2/C ∞ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein, j1=n21/(s21×t), j2=n22/(s22×t), T is a sampling period, S21 is a horizontal sedimentation surface area, S22 is a horizontal sedimentation surface area, v is an air intake speed of the intake unit, and the air intake speed is determined according to a breathing frequency and a single inhalation amount of the intake unit;
the number of the fluorescent marking particles actively inhaled in a single period is the difference value between the number of the fluorescent marking particles of the sampling film at the end of the current sampling period and the number of the fluorescent marking particles of the sampling film at the end of the previous sampling period, and the number of the fluorescent marking particles passively settled in a single period is the difference value between the number of the fluorescent marking particles of the settling surface at the end of the current sampling period and the number of the fluorescent marking particles of the settling surface at the end of the previous sampling period;
Specifically, in the step S5, the specific process of detecting the remaining amount of the fluorescent-labeled particles and the actual consumption amount of the fluorescent-labeled particles is as follows:
step S51, closing an air suction port of the simulated breathing device, and closing the isolation unit to isolate each sedimentation surface of the passive sedimentation detection device from the environment;
step S52, the first gas unidirectional switch and the second gas unidirectional switch are opened in the closed detection environment, the second gas is introduced into the gas inlet, the gas containing fluorescent marking particles is discharged, and the second gas is continuously introduced to discharge all the fluorescent marking particles;
and step S53, measuring the quantity of fluorescent marking particles on the filtering membrane of the second gas interaction channel, and calculating to obtain the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles according to the dust adding flow of the dust generator and the dust generating working time of the dust generator.
In the implementation, the second gas does not contain fluorescent marking particles, and the basis for judging whether the fluorescent marking particles in the sedimentation chamber are completely discharged is that a fluorescent sampling image of the sedimentation chamber is obtained, and judgment is carried out according to whether the density of the fluorescent marking particles on the fluorescent sampling image is lower than a preset marking particle density standard, and when the density of the fluorescent marking particles is lower than the preset marking particle density, whether the fluorescent marking particles in the sedimentation chamber are completely discharged is judged; the preset marking particle density standard is based on the quantity of fluorescent marking particles added in a dust adding flow rate in unit time when the quantity of the residual fluorescent markers is lower than 1%;
The counting method of the number of the fluorescent marking particles on the filtering membrane of the second gas interaction channel is the same as that of the active analysis unit; the mass of the fluorescent marking particles on the filtering membrane of the second gas interaction channel is the residual mass of the fluorescent marking particles;
the total used mass of the fluorescent marked particles is M0, the effective working time of the dust generator is t0, the dust adding flow is J, and M0=J×t0;
the number of the fluorescent-labeled particles on the filter membrane is N1, the mass of the fluorescent-labeled particles per unit mass is M0, and the number of the fluorescent-labeled particles per unit mass is N0, so that the residual mass of the fluorescent-labeled particles M1=N1× (M0/N0);
the actual consumption mass of the fluorescent-labeled particles is Δm, Δm=m0-M1;
wherein the mass of the fluorescent-labeled particles per unit mass and the number of the fluorescent-labeled particles per unit mass are determined according to the kind of particles and the kind of fluorescent labels used.
In the testing method, after the measurement is finished, the parts of the simulated respiration device and the passive sedimentation detection device for measuring the quantity of the fluorescent marking particles are separated from the air containing the fluorescent marking particles, so that the fluorescent marking particles or more fluorescent marking particles on the surface of the device are prevented from being attached to the detection device by the gas flow during the exhaust, the consumption detection result of the fluorescent marking particles is influenced, and the judgment on the accuracy of the analysis result is influenced.
Specifically, in the step S6, the fluorescence accuracy of the analysis by the active analysis unit and the passive analysis unit is determined based on the calculated actual consumption amount of the fluorescence-labeled particles, the active inhalation amount of the particles, and the passive sedimentation amount of the particles.
The calculation formula of fluorescence accuracy is as follows:
wherein the number of actively sucking fluorescent labeling particles is n1=n1×k, the number of passively settling fluorescent labeling particles is n2= (n21+n22) ×k, N1 is the number of actively sucking fluorescent labeling particles in a single period, N2 is the number of passively settling fluorescent labeling particles in a single period, k is the total number of sampling periods, the actual consumption mass of fluorescent labeling particles is Δm, the mass of fluorescent labeling particles per unit mass is M0, and the number of fluorescent labeling particles per unit mass is N0.
In practice, the analysis parameters of the active and passive analysis units are adjusted according to the accuracy of the fluorescence analysis,
if the fluorescence accuracy is greater than the preset accuracy, keeping the current analysis parameters for subsequent calculation;
if the fluorescence accuracy is less than the preset accuracy, the current analysis parameters are adjusted for detection, for example, the resolution is improved, or the size of the fluorescent marker is increased, so that the fluorescent marker particles are convenient to identify.
Wherein the preset accuracy is 95%, and the particle number is increased or decreased according to the simulation environment.
In the test method, the consumption of the fluorescent marked particles, the active suction amount of the particles and the passive sedimentation amount of the particles are used for judging the fluorescence accuracy of the analysis unit, and the analysis parameters are adjusted, so that the accuracy of the analysis result of the fluorescent module is improved, and the accuracy of sedimentation rate calculation is improved.
Specifically, in the step S3, the passive sedimentation detection device can control the moving unit to be turned on to detect the amount of the passive sedimentation fluorescent-labeled particles in the moving state, and obtain the sedimentation velocity of the fluorescent-labeled particles in the corresponding moving state.
In the test method, the movement condition of the passive sedimentation detection device is changed through the movement unit, so that the sedimentation velocity of fluorescent marked particles under different movement conditions can be calculated, and the application range of the test method is increased.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first part of a sampler for a sedimentation velocity testing method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracking according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second portion of a sampler for a method of testing sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation trace in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a diagram of an active sampling system of a method for testing sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fluorescent-labeled particles are uniformly released into the room by using a dust generator. 1ml of the fluorescent particle stock solution was diluted and added to a BGI Collison dust generator. The phosphor particle stock solution in the dust generator contains 8.7X10 of phosphor marked particles per milliliter 7 On the other hand, assuming a uniform distribution over the cabin ground plane, an average of 27 fluorescent-labeled particles can be seen per photograph under a fluorescence microscope. The stirring fan was turned on to start dust generation, which took about 1 hour. A passive sampling glass sheet is placed on the dummy as a sedimentation surface.
Active inhalation sampling of particulate matters: and placing an active exposure sampler in a breathing zone of the dummy by using a particle active inhalation sampling method, performing active inhalation sampling on particles under specific time, and obtaining a particle image sample on a high-resolution sample by using a Nikon 80i fluorescence microscope. After 2 hours of standing, the glass sheet as a sedimentation surface was removed.
Active inhalation particulate matter concentration sampling was performed using a variable flow sampler as shown in fig. 3. The sampler in fig. 3 is divided into two parts, with a PTFE sampling membrane fixed in between. The sampler is connected to sample according to an active sampling system as shown in fig. 4. The active sampling system mainly comprises a sampler, a flow regulating valve, a sampling pump, a timer and a power supply. The flow regulating valve controls the sampling flow to be constant. The sampling pump is powered by a power supply, and the sampling time is controlled by a timer.
The simulated respiratory apparatus in person was sampled at a rate of 1L/min using a sampling pump. After passing through the sampler inlet, the fluorescent-labeled particles will settle completely on the PTFE film in the middle of the sampling head. After sampling for 2 hours, the PTFE film was removed.
Particulate matter image sampling sample automatic counting: and counting the number of the particles on the sample by using a particle image sampling sample automatic counting method, so as to obtain the passive exposure concentration and the active inhalation concentration of the particles. A program for automatically counting the number of particles on a photograph was developed using MATLAB software (MathWorks inc., nature, MA, USA). Firstly, converting a gray-scale photo shot by a CCD camera into a pure black-white binary image through a threshold conversion method. The particles are white dots in color, and the places without the particles are pure black backgrounds. In the range of 0-255, the threshold is set to 5, i.e., where the gray value is greater than 5 is considered to be particulate matter. And finding out connected areas in the binary image, and counting the number of the connected areas to obtain the number of the particles. Thus, the active inhalation and passive exposure conditions of the surface particulate matters of the human body simulated by the simulated breathing device and the passive sedimentation detection device can be obtained under different conditions.
Wherein, for testing the density of fluorescent marked particles on the obtained PTFE film; is the true fluorescence labeling particle density.
And respectively measuring the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marked particles and the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles, and obtaining the sedimentation speed of the particles on the surface of the human body according to a calculation formula.
Thus far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent modifications and substitutions for related technical features may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions will be within the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention; various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sedimentation velocity test method for environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracing, characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step S1, preparing a simulated breathing device, a passive sedimentation detection device and a dust generator, arranging the simulated breathing device, the passive sedimentation detection device and the dust generator in a test environment, presetting fluorescent marker particles in the dust generator, and building a closed detection environment according to the environment to be tested;
step S2, setting a sampling period, and simulating the respiratory rate and single inhalation amount of a respiratory device, introducing fluorescent marked particles into the closed detection environment by using the dust generator and adopting a set dust adding flow, adopting a simulated respiratory device to simulate active respiration through active inhalation environment particles to perform active inhalation fluorescent simulated sampling, and adopting a passive sedimentation detection device to simulate free sedimentation of the fluorescent marked particles to perform passive sedimentation fluorescent simulated sampling;
step S3, setting a sampling period, periodically acquiring a marked particulate matter image of the simulated breathing device by using a fluorescence microscope, marking the marked particulate matter image as an active inhalation image, acquiring a fluorescent marked particulate matter image on the passive sedimentation detection device, marking the fluorescent marked particulate matter image as a passive sedimentation image, and respectively analyzing the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image to obtain the number of the active inhaled fluorescent marked particulate matter of the simulated breathing device and the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particulate matter on the passive sedimentation detection surface;
S4, calculating according to the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles and the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marked particles obtained by analysis to obtain sedimentation velocity of fluorescent marked particles;
s5, after the recording of the active inhalation image and the passive sedimentation image is completed, closing a gas inlet of a simulated breathing device and a detection part of the passive sedimentation detection device, which is in contact with a closed detection environment, discharging air containing fluorescent marking particles in the simulated detection environment, detecting the residual fluorescent marking particles, and calculating the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles according to the fluorescent marking particles prepared in the step S1 and the residual fluorescent marking particles;
step S6, comparing the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marking particles obtained by analysis in the step S2 with the number of the passive sedimentation fluorescent marking particles obtained by analysis in the step S3 with the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles, and checking the accuracy of a fluorescent detection result;
wherein the fluorescent-labeled particles are dust particles with fluorescent labels.
2. The method for measuring sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation trace according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the closed detection environment includes:
A settling chamber which is a closable limited space for use as an analog detection space;
the first gas interaction channel is connected with the upper part of the sedimentation chamber and is used for introducing air mixed with quantitative fluorescent marking particles, and a first gas unidirectional switch is arranged at the joint of the first gas interaction channel and the sedimentation chamber;
the second gas interaction channel is connected with the lower part of the settling chamber, a second gas one-way switch is arranged at the joint of the second gas interaction channel and the settling chamber, and a particle filtering membrane for collecting the residual fluorescent marked particles after the test is arranged in the second gas interaction channel.
3. The method for measuring sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracer of claim 2, wherein the simulated respiration apparatus comprises:
the simulated airway is used for providing an air channel and comprises an air suction port and an air exhaust port, the air suction port is arranged at the air inflow end and used for enabling air containing fluorescent marking particles in the sedimentation chamber to flow into the air suction unit, the air suction port is provided with a switching valve, and the switching valve is used for blocking the sucked air in the simulated breathing device from the air in the sedimentation chamber after the air suction unit finishes the air suction process;
The air suction unit is arranged between the air suction port and the air discharge port of the simulated air passage and is used for simulating the air suction process of respiration so as to enable the simulated air passage to actively suck the air containing fluorescent marking particles;
the sampling film is arranged in the simulated air passage in front of the air suction unit, is connected with each inner side wall of the simulated air passage and is used for filtering gas introduced into the simulated air passage and collecting particles in the sucked gas;
an active image acquisition unit connected with the sampling film and used for acquiring the marked particulate matter image on the sampling film and recording the marked particulate matter image as an active inhalation image;
and the active analysis unit is connected with the active image acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the number of the active inhalation fluorescent marking particles on the active inhalation image.
4. A method of testing sedimentation velocity of an environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracer of claim 3 wherein said passive sedimentation detection device comprises:
the sedimentation surfaces are divided into horizontal sedimentation surfaces and vertical sedimentation surfaces, the horizontal sedimentation surfaces are arranged on the top of the passive sedimentation device, which is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the vertical sedimentation surfaces are arranged on the outer surface of the passive sedimentation device, which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
An isolation unit disposed outside each of the sedimentation surfaces to isolate the sedimentation surfaces from an external environment in a closed state and to completely expose the sedimentation surfaces in an open state;
the moving unit is arranged at the bottom of the passive sedimentation detection device and used for moving the passive sedimentation detection device in the closed detection environment;
a passive image acquisition unit connected to each of the horizontal sedimentation surfaces and the vertical sedimentation surfaces, respectively, for acquiring a sampling image of each sedimentation surface;
and the passive analysis unit is connected with the passive image acquisition unit and is used for analyzing the number of fluorescent marked particles on each sedimentation surface according to each sampling image to obtain the number of passive sedimentation fluorescent marked particles.
5. The method for measuring the sedimentation velocity of the environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracer according to claim 4, wherein the simulated respiration device is arranged inside a closed area surrounded by a plurality of sedimentation surfaces of the passive sedimentation detection device and is connected with the sedimentation surfaces through an air suction port of an air suction unit.
6. The method for testing the sedimentation velocity of the environment fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracer according to claim 5, wherein in the step S1, the specific process of constructing the closed detection environment is as follows:
Step S11, a passive sedimentation detection device and a passive sedimentation detection device are arranged in a sedimentation chamber, wherein an air suction port of the simulated breathing device is closed, and the sedimentation surfaces are not contacted with the air in the sedimentation chamber;
step S12, introducing a first gas into the sedimentation chamber, and discharging all air in the sedimentation chamber;
and S13, opening the first gas one-way switch, fully mixing the prepared quantitative fluorescent marking particles with air after filtering interference particles, then introducing the mixture into the settling chamber, discharging all the first gas, completing the establishment of a closed detection environment, and judging that the simulated breathing device and the passive settlement detection device have opening conditions.
7. The method for measuring sedimentation velocity of environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation tracers according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, the number of actively sucked fluorescent marker particles is calculated according to the number of the collected fluorescent marker particles of the actively sucked image and the sampling period, the number of the passively sucked fluorescent marker particles is calculated according to the number of the collected fluorescent marker particles of the passively sucked image and the sampling period, the time-average concentration of the fluorescent marker particles is calculated according to the increment of the fluorescent marker particles in a single sampling period, the breathing frequency and the single inhalation amount of the inhalation unit and the sampling period of the sampling film per unit sampling area, and the sedimentation velocity of the fluorescent marker particles is calculated according to the number of the actively sucked fluorescent marker particles, the number of the passively sucked fluorescent marker particles and the time-average concentration.
8. The method for measuring sedimentation velocity of environmental fine particulate matter exposure fluorescence simulation trace according to claim 4, wherein in the step S5, the specific process of detecting the remaining amount of fluorescent-labeled particles and the actual consumption amount of fluorescent-labeled particles is as follows:
step S51, closing an air suction port of the simulated breathing device, and closing the isolation unit to isolate each sedimentation surface of the passive sedimentation detection device from the environment;
step S52, the first gas unidirectional switch and the second gas unidirectional switch are opened in the closed detection environment, the second gas is introduced into the gas inlet, the gas containing fluorescent marking particles is discharged, and the second gas is continuously introduced to discharge all the fluorescent marking particles;
and step S53, measuring the quantity of fluorescent marking particles on the filtering membrane of the second gas interaction channel, and calculating to obtain the actual consumption of the fluorescent marking particles according to the dust adding flow of the dust generator and the dust generating working time of the dust generator.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein in step S6, the fluorescence accuracy of the analysis by the active analysis unit and the passive analysis unit is determined based on the calculated actual consumption amount of the fluorescent-labeled particles, the active inhalation amount of the particles, and the passive sedimentation amount of the particles.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the step S3, the passive sedimentation detection device is capable of controlling the mobile unit to be turned on to detect the amount of the passive sedimentation fluorescent-labeled particles in the mobile state, and obtaining the sedimentation velocity of the fluorescent-labeled particles in the corresponding mobile state.
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