CN117740634A - Sand grading field measurement equipment based on water pressure difference and application method thereof - Google Patents

Sand grading field measurement equipment based on water pressure difference and application method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117740634A
CN117740634A CN202311599745.XA CN202311599745A CN117740634A CN 117740634 A CN117740634 A CN 117740634A CN 202311599745 A CN202311599745 A CN 202311599745A CN 117740634 A CN117740634 A CN 117740634A
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fluid pressure
sand
pressure sensor
column
timer
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高琳
向珂良
苗雨
刘华北
王栋
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses sand grading field measurement equipment based on water pressure difference and a use method thereof, and relates to the field of civil engineering experiments. The device comprises a mobile trolley and a detection mechanism arranged on the mobile trolley, wherein the detection mechanism comprises a deposition column and an induction calculation mechanism which are vertically arranged on the mobile trolley; the induction calculation mechanism comprises a first fluid pressure sensor, a second fluid pressure sensor and a computer arranged at one side of the upper end of the mobile trolley; the first fluid pressure sensor and the second fluid pressure sensor are respectively connected with the first timer and the second timer and are in signal connection with a computer. The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, can rapidly and accurately measure the grading of sand on a construction site, and has the advantages of simple operation, high precision, low cost and the like.

Description

Sand grading field measurement equipment based on water pressure difference and application method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering experiments, in particular to sand grading field measurement equipment based on water pressure difference and a use method thereof.
Background
The grain composition of the sand refers to the collocation condition of grains with different grain diameters in the sand, and as concrete fine aggregate, the use of the sand with good grading can improve the workability, compactness and strength of the concrete, and the determination of the grading of the sand has great significance in the civil engineering field.
The traditional grading method for determining sand is mainly a screening method, which is to pass a sample through a series of standard sieves with different sieve holes, separate the sample into a plurality of particle sizes, and weigh the particle sizes respectively to obtain the particle size distribution expressed in mass percent. However, the vibration of the method during sieving can damage part of particles and generate more dust, and the noise generated in the vibration sieving process is large, the operation is complex, the time and the labor are wasted, and the measurement precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the invention aims to provide the sand grading field measurement equipment based on the water pressure difference and the application method thereof, which can solve the problems of high noise, complex operation, time and labor waste, lower precision and the like of the traditional sand sieving method, realize rapid and accurate measurement of the grading of sand on a construction field and have the advantages of simple and convenient operation, high precision, low cost and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the sand grading field measurement equipment based on the water pressure difference comprises a movable trolley and a detection mechanism arranged on the movable trolley, wherein the detection mechanism comprises a deposition column and an induction calculation mechanism which are vertically arranged on the movable trolley; the deposition column is of a hollow long column structure with an opening at the upper end; the induction calculation mechanism comprises a first fluid pressure sensor, a second fluid pressure sensor and a computer arranged at one side of the upper end of the mobile trolley; the first fluid pressure sensor is arranged on the side wall of the lower end of one side of the deposition column, the second fluid pressure sensor is arranged on the side wall of the deposition column right below the first fluid pressure sensor, the first fluid pressure sensor and the second fluid pressure sensor are respectively connected with the first timer and the second timer, and the first fluid pressure sensor, the second fluid pressure sensor, the first timer and the second timer are all in signal connection with a computer.
Preferably, a side wall of the deposition column at the upper end of the fluid pressure sensor and a side wall of the deposition column opposite to the side wall are both provided with perspective windows for conveniently observing the deposition state of sand.
Preferably, four fixed angle steels which are arranged in an array are fixedly arranged on the movable trolley, spaces formed between the four fixed angle steels are matched with the deposition column, and the lower end of the deposition column is inserted into the four fixed angle steels for movable installation.
Preferably, the fixed angle steel is reinforced between the support columns and the movable trolley which are obliquely arranged, and two adjacent support columns are connected by adopting transverse reinforcing ribs.
Preferably, the U-shaped frames are arranged at the upper ends of the two fixed angle steels at the front side of the upper end of the mobile trolley, the two ends of the U-shaped frames are respectively fixed with the tops of the fixed angle steels, and the U-shaped frames are symmetrically arranged at the two fixed angle steels at the rear side of the upper end of the mobile trolley.
Preferably, the movable trolley is provided with a placing support, the computer, the first timer and the second timer are arranged on the placing support, and the movable trolley is also provided with a power supply mechanism for supplying power to the computer.
The using method of the sand grading field measurement device based on the water pressure difference comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting a deposition column on a mobile trolley, injecting water into the deposition column from an upper end opening, introducing sand to be detected into the deposition column from the upper end after injecting water, and separating the size of sand particles through the deposition column according to the deposition principle, wherein the sedimentation speed of the particles in water is in direct proportion to the particle size;
s2, in the process of depositing sand in a depositing column, measuring real-time water pressure at the height of the two fluid pressure sensors by the first fluid pressure sensor, the second fluid pressure sensor, the first timer and the second timer, and transmitting measured data to a computer;
s3, drawing a curve relation diagram of water pressure and time at the height of the two fluid pressure sensors by using the measured real-time data, and calculating the volume Vs of the sand and the mass Ws of the sand, the volume Vs (t) of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals Deltaz at a certain moment and the mass Ws (t) of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals Deltaz at a certain moment by the specific gravity Gs of the sand which is measured in advance;
s4, calculating to obtain a curve relation diagram of the percentage content Fs of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor sections at a certain moment relative to the time t through the calculation result;
s5, calculating the water pressure difference generated at the second position of the fluid pressure sensor when the particles at the first position of the fluid pressure sensor reach the second position of the fluid pressure sensor, and obtaining the time Deltat required by the process according to the curve relationship diagram of the water pressure and time drawn in the step S3;
s6, a formula of the average particle size Ds of sand in the interval of the two fluid pressure sensors relative to Deltat is derived according to Stokes law;
s7, converting the abscissa time t of the graph of the percentage content Fs of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor sections at a certain moment relative to the time t, which is obtained in the step S4, into the average particle size Ds of the sand in the fluid pressure sensor sections, which is obtained in the step S6, wherein the obtained curve relation graph of Fs and Ds is the content proportion graph of the sand with different particle sizes, and converting the content proportion graph into the grading curve of the sand so as to obtain the grading of the sand.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the sand grading field measurement equipment based on the water pressure difference and the use method thereof, and the equipment has the following beneficial effects:
can make sand according to the size separation according to the sedimentation principle through setting up of sedimentation column to whole equipment is convenient for remove, can install and remove according to the site environment, promotes the convenience of survey, can effectively reduce the noise production when survey in traditional screening method, and can avoid producing the dust, promotes the simplicity and the security of operation in the survey process, detects real-time water pressure through sensor and time-recorder simultaneously, and the computer calculation drawing promotes the precision of whole survey, promotes the accuracy of in-service use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the installation joint of the deposition column and the travelling trolley;
FIG. 3 is a plot of water pressure versus depth in a deposition column at some point during the deposition process for sand particles of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of water pressure versus time at the height of two fluid pressure sensors and a graph of percent sand Fs in two fluid pressure sensor intervals at a certain time as a function of time t in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of water pressure versus depth in a deposition column corresponding to eight different times during the deposition process in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the sand passing through the two fluid pressure sensor sections at a certain moment in the embodiment 2 of the present invention, and a graph of the water pressure and depth in the deposition column at the moment, and a graph of the water pressure and time at the height of the two fluid pressure sensors;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the grain size distribution of sand obtained by the measurement of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the operation of the grading assay using the apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a deposition column; 101. a perspective window; 2. a first fluid pressure sensor; 3. a second fluid pressure sensor; 4. a moving trolley; 401. fixing angle steel; 402. a U-shaped frame; 403. a support column; 5. a first timer; 6. a second timer; 7. a computer; 8. and a power supply mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown with reference to figures 1-2,
the utility model provides a sand grading on-site measurement equipment based on water pressure difference, includes travelling car 4, four fixed angle steel 401 are welded to travelling car 4 upper end one side, and four fixed angle steel 401 constitute the spatial structure with the deposit post 1 adaptation, and the outside of every fixed angle steel 401 consolidates with travelling car 4 through the support column 403 that inclines to set up, and adopts the strengthening rib to carry out fixed connection between two adjacent support columns 403, just two respectively adjacent support column 403 upper ends in front end and rear end are connected through heightening U type frame 402, deposit post 1 lower extreme grafting is between four fixed angle steel 401, prevents through U type frame 402 that deposit post 1 from empting; a first fluid pressure sensor 2 and a second fluid pressure sensor 3 are arranged on the side wall of the lower end of one side of the deposition column 1 in a vertical up-down relation, and a perspective window 101 capable of observing the state of sand in the deposition column 1 when the sand is deposited in water is arranged on the side wall of the deposition column 1 above the first fluid pressure sensor 2 and the opposite side wall of the deposition column;
the other side of the upper end of the mobile trolley 4 is provided with a placing support, the placing support is provided with a computer 7, a first timer 5 and a second timer 6, the computer 7 is powered in real time by adopting a power supply mechanism 8 arranged on the mobile trolley 4, the first fluid pressure sensor 2 and the second fluid pressure sensor 3 are respectively connected with the first timer 5 and the second timer 6, and the first fluid pressure sensor 2, the second fluid pressure sensor 3, the first timer 5 and the second timer 6 are respectively connected with the computer 7 through signals.
Example 2:
the device designed in the above example 1 is used for on-site measurement of sand grading, the operation flow chart of the whole measurement process is shown in fig. 8, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
s1, introducing sand into the sedimentation column 1 after water injection, wherein the sedimentation speed of particles in water is in direct proportion to the particle size according to a sedimentation principle, so that layering phenomenon naturally occurs in the sand particle descending process, namely large particles are deposited at the bottom, small particles are deposited at the top, and the sand particles are separated according to the size through the sedimentation column 1. Figure 3 shows the relationship between water pressure in the sediment column 1 and depth at a point in the sediment process where the slope of the curve has a value equal to the weight of the mixture at that depth. The distances from the water surface during sand deposition of the first fluid pressure sensor 2 and the second fluid pressure sensor 3 are z=b and z=a respectively, as shown in fig. 4 (a), wherein the shading reflects the concentration of particles, and the whole test process can be divided into eight different moments as shown in fig. 4 (a). The water pressure versus depth plot in the deposition column corresponding to the eight different moments as shown in fig. 5 reflects the trend of the water pressure variation throughout the deposition process. The water pressure at the level of the two fluid pressure sensors can be divided into five different stages as shown in fig. 4 (b):
a: packing the column with water; b: introducing sand into the column; c: the particles are separated by size, but all particles are above the sensor height; d: sand particles pass through the height of the sensor; e: when all particles are below the sensor height, the hydrostatic pressure is restored.
The water pressure difference between stage C and stage E is:
wherein u is a C 、u a E Indicating readings of fluid pressure sensor two 3 in C stage and E stage, gamma w Representing the unit weight of water, vs representing the volume of sand, gs representing the specific gravity of the sand, A representing the cross-sectional area of the sediment column;
s2, deducing a calculation formula of the volume Vs of the sand and the mass Ws of the sand according to the equation (1) obtained in the step S1:
s3: the calculation formula of the volume Vs of sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals Δz and the mass Ws of sand in the fluid pressure sensor intervals Δz can be obtained from the plotted graph of water pressure versus time at the two fluid pressure sensors:
wherein u is a 、u b Readings representing fluid pressure sensor two 3 and fluid pressure sensor one 2, respectively, Δz representing the distance Δz=a-b between the two fluid pressure sensors, gs representing the specific gravity of the sand, γ w Represents the unit weight of water, A represents the cross-sectional area of the deposition column;
the relation of S4, fs (percentage of sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals at a certain moment) with respect to time t is derived from the formulas obtained in step S2 and step S3:
wherein Vs (t) represents the volume of sand in the region Deltaz at a certain moment, ws (t) represents the mass of sand in the region Deltaz at a certain moment, u a (t)、u b (t) the readings of the fluid pressure sensor two 3 and the fluid pressure sensor one 2 at a certain moment, u a C 、u a E Indicating readings of fluid pressure sensor two 3 in C stage and E stage, gamma w Representing the basis weight of water, Δz represents the distance Δz=a-b between the two fluid pressure sensors;
using the data transmitted by the computer 7 through the two fluid pressure sensors, fs (t) is calculated and plotted against t using the above formula, as shown in fig. 4 (c);
s5, a picture of the interval of the two fluid pressure sensors when sand passes at a certain moment is shown in FIG. 6 (a), a graph of the water pressure in the sedimentation column and the depth at the moment is shown in FIG. 6 (b), and a graph of the water pressure at the height of the two fluid pressure sensors and the time is shown in FIG. 6 (c); the volume and mass of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor zones have been derived from equations 3 and 4, and after Δt, the particles in the two fluid pressure sensor zones all leave the fluid pressure sensor zone at time t1, and the particles at z=b reach z=a, which is noted as t2, Δt=t2-t 1. After Δt, the pressure at fluid pressure sensor two 3 will decrease:
wherein Deltau a Representing the variation of the pressure at z=a in Δt, vs represents the volume of sand in the region Δz at a certain moment, γ w Representing the basis weight of water, gs representing the specific gravity of the sand, A representing the cross-sectional area of the sediment column;
s6, deriving a calculation formula of the average particle diameter Ds of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals in the period according to Stokes law:
wherein μ represents the fluid viscosity coefficient, γ w Represents the unit weight of water, Δz represents the distance between the two fluid pressure sensors, gs represents the specific gravity of the sand, Δt represents the difference between time t2 and time t 1;
ds in equation 8 is the average particle size of the sand in the interval of the two fluid pressure sensors related to time, and the percentage Fs (t) of the sand between the two fluid pressure sensors measured in step S4 is related to time t= (t1+t2)/2, repeating a in FIG. 6 (b) 2 Becomes a new one 1 Similarly, fs is plotted against time tThe abscissa time t of (2) is converted into the average particle diameter Ds of sand in the interval of the fluid pressure sensor, the complete Ds (t) record is related with the Fs (t) record to obtain a content proportion graph of sand with different particle diameters, and finally, the content proportion graph is converted into a sand grading curve to obtain the grading of the sand, and the specific result is shown in figure 7.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a sand grading on-site measurement equipment based on water pressure difference, includes detection mechanism that sets up on travelling car (4) and travelling car (4), its characterized in that: the detection mechanism comprises a deposition column (1) and an induction calculation mechanism which are vertically arranged on the mobile trolley (4);
the deposition column (1) is of a hollow long column structure with an opening at the upper end;
the induction calculation mechanism comprises a first fluid pressure sensor (2), a second fluid pressure sensor (3) and a computer (7) arranged at one side of the upper end of the mobile trolley (4); the first fluid pressure sensor (2) is arranged on the side wall of the lower end of one side of the deposition column (1), the second fluid pressure sensor (3) is arranged on the side wall of the deposition column (1) right below the first fluid pressure sensor (2), the first fluid pressure sensor (2) and the second fluid pressure sensor (3) are respectively connected with the first timer (5) and the second timer (6), and the first fluid pressure sensor (2), the second fluid pressure sensor (3), the first timer (5) and the second timer (6) are all in signal connection with the computer (7).
2. The sand grading field measurement device based on water pressure difference according to claim 1, wherein: the deposition column (1) is arranged on the side wall of the upper end of the first fluid pressure sensor (2) and the side wall of the deposition column (1) opposite to the side wall, and perspective windows (101) for conveniently observing the deposition state of sand are arranged on the side wall.
3. The sand grading field measurement device based on water pressure difference according to claim 1, wherein: four fixed angle steel (401) which are arranged in an array are fixedly arranged on the movable trolley (4), spaces formed between the four fixed angle steel (401) are matched with the deposition column (1), and the lower end of the deposition column (1) is inserted into the four fixed angle steel (401) for movable installation.
4. A sand grading field measurement device based on water pressure difference according to claim 3, wherein: the fixed angle steel (401) is reinforced between the support columns (403) and the movable trolley (4) which are obliquely arranged, and two adjacent support columns (403) are connected by adopting transverse reinforcing ribs.
5. A sand grading field measurement device based on water pressure difference according to claim 3, wherein: the movable trolley is characterized in that U-shaped frames (402) are arranged at the upper ends of two fixed angle steels (401) at the front side of the upper end of the movable trolley (4), two ends of each U-shaped frame (402) are respectively fixed with the tops of the fixed angle steels (401), and the U-shaped frames (402) are symmetrically arranged at the two fixed angle steels (401) at the rear side of the upper end of the movable trolley (4).
6. The sand grading field measurement device based on water pressure difference according to claim 1, wherein: the movable trolley (4) is provided with a placing support, the computer (7), the first timer (5) and the second timer (6) are arranged on the placing support, and the movable trolley (4) is also provided with a power supply mechanism (8) for supplying power to the computer (7).
7. A method of using a differential water pressure based soil grading on-site measurement apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method of use comprises the steps of:
s1, mounting a deposition column (1) on a mobile trolley (4), injecting water into the deposition column (1) from an upper end opening, and introducing sand to be detected into the deposition column (1) from the upper end after injecting water;
s2, in the process of depositing sand in the depositing column (1), measuring real-time water pressure at the heights of the two fluid pressure sensors by the first fluid pressure sensor (2), the second fluid pressure sensor (3), the first timer (5) and the second timer (6) and transmitting measurement data to a computer (7);
s3, drawing a curve relation diagram of water pressure and time at the height of the two fluid pressure sensors by using the measured real-time data, and calculating the volume Vs of the sand and the mass Ws of the sand, the volume Vs (t) of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals Deltaz at a certain moment and the mass Ws (t) of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor intervals Deltaz at a certain moment by the specific gravity Gs of the sand which is measured in advance;
s4, calculating to obtain a curve relation diagram of the percentage content Fs of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor sections at a certain moment relative to the time t through the calculation result;
s5, calculating the water pressure difference generated at the second fluid pressure sensor (3) when the particles at the first fluid pressure sensor (2) reach the second fluid pressure sensor (3), and obtaining the time delta t required by the process according to the curve relationship diagram of the water pressure and time drawn in the step S3;
s6, a formula of the average particle size Ds of sand in the interval of the two fluid pressure sensors relative to Deltat is derived according to Stokes law;
s7, converting the abscissa time t of the graph of the percentage content Fs of the sand in the two fluid pressure sensor sections at a certain moment relative to the time t, which is obtained in the step S4, into the average particle size Ds of the sand in the fluid pressure sensor sections, which is obtained in the step S6, wherein the obtained curve relation graph of Fs and Ds is the content proportion graph of the sand with different particle sizes, and converting the content proportion graph into the grading curve of the sand so as to obtain the grading of the sand.
CN202311599745.XA 2023-11-28 2023-11-28 Sand grading field measurement equipment based on water pressure difference and application method thereof Pending CN117740634A (en)

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