CN117728905A - Multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system and method - Google Patents
Multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117728905A CN117728905A CN202311766921.4A CN202311766921A CN117728905A CN 117728905 A CN117728905 A CN 117728905A CN 202311766921 A CN202311766921 A CN 202311766921A CN 117728905 A CN117728905 A CN 117728905A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- channel
- phased array
- calibration
- array antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000556 factor analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system, which comprises a digital beam receiving and forming unit, a digital beam receiving and forming unit and a digital beam antenna calibration unit, wherein the digital beam receiving and forming unit is used for performing one-stage or multi-stage down-conversion, sampling and software processing on radio frequency signals to form a digital beam directional diagram; the digital beam antenna test control unit is used for controlling the working state of the multi-channel phased array antenna and generating synchronous signals and control signals required by test; the invention also discloses a calibrating method of the multichannel digital wave beam phased array antenna, which comprises the following steps of S1: erecting and preheating an antenna; s2: calibrating a matrix switch; s3: antenna far field calibration; s4: testing an antenna far-field pattern; s5: beamforming and outputting. According to the calibration system, the calibration of the amplitude phase of the antenna before and after the antenna is covered is completed, the calibration method of the multichannel digital wave beam phased array antenna is based on the calibration system, the correction and compensation of each channel and the corresponding subarray or antenna unit are completed, and the amplitude phase error of the channel is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phased array antenna calibration, in particular to a system and a method for calibrating a multichannel digital wave beam phased array antenna.
Background
The digital beam phased array antenna system generally comprises antenna units, digital T/R components, DDS, a frequency source, a power distribution/synthesis network and the like which are distributed according to a certain rule. In the phased array antenna engineering development process, especially in the phased array antenna development process based on the digital beam forming technology, the inconsistency of design, processing and assembly can bring certain channel amplitude and phase errors to each unit of each channel of the array antenna, and new channel amplitude and phase errors can be formed after the antenna for the guide head is covered, so that the correction and compensation of each channel and the subarray or antenna unit corresponding to each channel are necessary to realize the beam forming with certain index requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The system and the method for calibrating the multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna, which are beneficial to reducing channel amplitude and phase errors, can at least solve one of the technical problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system, comprising:
a multi-channel phased array antenna comprising a plurality of subarrays each for producing a multi-digital beam transmit-receive active phased array;
the digital beam receiving and forming unit is used for carrying out one-stage or multi-stage down conversion, sampling and software processing on the radio frequency signals to form a digital beam pattern, and comprises the following steps: the calibration module is used for realizing the calibration compensation of amplitude phase difference of each path at the rear end of the multi-channel phased array antenna;
the digital beam antenna test control unit is used for controlling the working state of the multi-channel phased array antenna and generating synchronous signals and control signals required by test, and comprises the following steps: the system comprises a main control computer, an interface and control device between the tested antenna and each test device, a test controller for realizing the control of the working mode of the tested antenna, parameter setting, triggering acquisition and data storage, and an antenna housing detachably erected on the multi-channel phased array antenna.
Further, the digital beam receiving and forming unit further comprises a liquid cooling module, the liquid cooling module is connected to the multichannel phased array antenna and at least comprises a water pump, a water tank, cooling liquid, an active refrigerating system or a radiator and a control system, and the liquid cooling module is used for conveying the cooling liquid to circulate in a pipeline and exchanging heat with the outside through the active refrigerating system or the radiator.
Further, the switch matrix selects 24 paths of radio frequency switch matrixes, 24 paths of input and one path of output are adopted, channel gating signals are controlled by a signal processing board, and channel gating is realized by adopting a signal format which is the same as the channel control of the multi-channel phased array antenna;
the switch matrix at least comprises a control circuit, a power conversion module and a switch module;
the control circuit is connected to the test controller and is used for receiving a control instruction sent by the test controller and outputting a parallel TTL control signal to the switch matrix after the calculation is completed so as to realize gating/switching off of a signal path;
the power conversion module is connected to the switch matrix and the control circuit and is used for supplying the external power to the switch matrix and the control circuit after converting the external power so as to realize normal power supply;
the switch module is connected to the main control computer and is used for realizing the radio frequency signal path gating function.
Further, the calibration module is configured as one set of 24 ports X, ku and Ka wave bands respectively, each set of traveling wave calibration network is a microstrip structure, the upper layer is a 24-path transmission line, two ends of each transmission line are respectively connected to the switch matrix and each subarray through a radio frequency cable, the lower layer is a coupling strip line, one end of each coupling strip line is connected to a matched load, the other end of each coupling strip line is connected to a vector network analyzer through the switch matrix, and a coupling passage is formed between the upper layer transmission line and the lower layer strip line through a rectangular small hole of the middle floor.
Further, the digital beam receiving and forming unit further comprises a vector network analyzer, the vector network analyzer is connected to the switch matrix and the test controller and is used for generating test signals and processing echo signals, a signal output end of the vector network analyzer is used for carrying out signal throwing through a source antenna on the transmitting support, and a signal input end is used for carrying out data acquisition through an antenna to be tested to obtain far-field electric performance parameters of the antenna.
Further, the digital beam antenna test control unit also comprises a wave control module, a power supply module, a turntable, a zero finder and an industrial personal computer;
the test controller utilizes TTL trigger level to regulate and control the wave control module, the power supply module, the turntable, the zero finder, the switch matrix and the vector network analyzer, so as to complete cooperative work among the meters and keep sampling synchronization among the meters.
The method for calibrating the multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna is realized by adopting the multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system and further comprises the following steps:
s1: erecting and preheating an antenna;
s2: calibrating a matrix switch;
s3: antenna far field calibration;
s4: testing an antenna far-field pattern;
s5: beamforming and outputting.
Further, step S2 further includes:
s21, presetting a channel and frequency parameters;
s22, switching the single-pole double-throw switch to a switch calibration side;
s23, the main control computer opens a certain port of the matrix switch through the test controller and closes other channels;
s24, the radio frequency signals sent by the vector network analyzer sequentially enter the coupling end of the calibration module through an SPDT switch, and then are conveyed back to the vector network analyzer through the switch matrix, and the whole radio frequency link forms a complete loop;
s25, the test controller controls the matrix switch to be opened one by one, controls the vector network analyzer to collect data one by one, and stores data after the data of all switch channels are collected, so as to be used for post-processing call;
s26, erecting the radome on the multi-channel phased array antenna, repeating the steps S21-S25, and calibrating the matrix switch.
Further, step S3 further includes:
s31, controlling the turntable to enable the antenna to be detected to face the source antenna, wherein the distance between the antenna to be detected and the source antenna meets far-field conditions, so that the source antenna radiates to the port surface of the antenna to be detected to be approximately plane electromagnetic waves;
s32, switching a single-pole double-throw switch to a pattern test side, and controlling the switch matrix to acquire amplitude and phase data of each channel through software;
step S32 further includes:
s321, setting parameters of instruments, wave control, weight and convergence conditions by using calibration software;
s322, the calibration software switches the channel by switching the radio frequency switch and switches the antenna unit in the channel by sending an instruction to the wave control module;
s323, the calibration software performs data acquisition, processing, display and storage;
s324, after the radome is erected on the multi-channel phased array antenna, the calibration software controls the turntable to rotate to a certain angle corresponding to a certain wave position, and the corresponding source antenna polarization rotates, so that the wave position is directed to be in a normal direction and the polarizations are matched, and the steps S322-S323 are repeated until all wave positions are calibrated, and the acquired data are removed from errors of the switch matrix, so that calibration data are obtained.
Further, step S4 further includes:
s41, controlling the turntable to continuously move;
s42, the wave control module sets wave control reverse beating according to rotation information of the azimuth axis and the pitching axis of the turntable, and synchronously outputs a trigger signal to the test controller during sampling;
s43, the test controller collects radio frequency signals according to the matrix switch and the vector network analyzer to obtain far-field amplitude and phase data of each sampling point, each channel and each frequency point.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention discloses a multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system, which is a comprehensive automatic test platform integrating various control processing technologies and is used for phased array antenna testing by adopting a digital wave beam forming technology, realizing the calibration, wave beam forming, multi-wave beam forming and the like of a multi-channel phased array digital wave beam antenna, comprising multi-channel measurement, amplitude measurement, phase measurement, multi-wave beam measurement and the like, carrying out T/R unit insertion amplitude and phase test before and after a multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna radome, and completing the amplitude-phase calibration before and after the antenna radome.
According to the calibration method for the multichannel digital beam phased array antenna, based on the calibration system, matrix switch calibration, antenna far-field calibration and antenna far-field pattern test are sequentially carried out on the multichannel digital beam phased array antenna, correction and compensation of each channel and corresponding subarrays or antenna units are completed, and channel amplitude and phase errors are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of a calibration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the overall flow of a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of matrix switch calibration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of antenna far field calibration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the antenna far field pattern test in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The components in the drawings are marked as follows: 1. a multi-channel phased array antenna; 101. subarray; 2. a digital beam receiving and forming unit; 3. a liquid cooling module; 4. a calibration module; 5. a switch matrix; 6. a vector network analyzer; 7. a digital beam antenna test control unit; 8. a wave control module; 9. a power module; 10. a turntable; 11. a zero finder; 12. an industrial personal computer; 13. and testing the controller.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. Embodiments and features of embodiments in this application may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, each electrical intelligent device related to the present invention is a standard component available through a purchase route or a modified component obtained through a conventional technical means in the prior art.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system, including:
a multi-channel phased array antenna 1 comprising a plurality of subarrays 101 each for producing a multi-digital beam transceiving active phased array;
the digital beam receiving and forming unit 2 is configured to perform one or more steps of down-conversion, sampling and software processing on the radio frequency signal to form a digital beam pattern, and includes: the calibration module 4 is used for realizing calibration compensation of amplitude phase differences of each path at the rear end of the multi-channel phased array antenna 1;
a digital beam antenna test control unit 7, configured to control the working state of the multi-channel phased array antenna 1, and generate a synchronization signal and a control signal required for testing, including: the test controller 13 is used for controlling interfaces and controls among the main control computer, the tested antenna and all the test equipment, realizing the control of the working mode of the tested antenna, parameter setting, triggering acquisition and data storage, and the antenna housing which is detachably arranged on the multi-channel phased array antenna 1.
The invention discloses a multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system, which is a comprehensive automatic test platform integrating various control processing technologies and is used for phased array antenna testing by adopting a digital wave beam forming technology, realizing the calibration, wave beam forming, multi-wave beam forming and the like of a multi-channel phased array digital wave beam antenna, comprising multi-channel measurement, amplitude measurement, phase measurement, multi-wave beam measurement and the like, carrying out T/R unit insertion amplitude and phase test before and after a multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna radome, and completing the amplitude-phase calibration before and after the antenna radome.
In this embodiment, the digital beam receiving and forming unit 2 further includes a liquid cooling module 3, where the liquid cooling module 3 is connected to the multi-channel phased array antenna 1 and includes at least a water pump, a water tank, a cooling liquid, an active cooling system or a radiator, and a control system, and the liquid cooling module 3 is configured to convey the cooling liquid to circulate in a pipeline and exchange heat with the outside through the active cooling system or the radiator. In this way, in the working state of the liquid cooling module 3, the cooling liquid in the water tank is conveyed to the corresponding equipment by the water pump, circulates in the water channel of the equipment, absorbs the heat generated by the heat source in the equipment, and flows back to the water tank after being cooled by the active refrigeration or the radiator, and repeats the above processes, so that the cooling liquid can circulate, and the purpose of rapidly cooling the equipment is achieved through the heat exchange between the active refrigeration system or the radiator and the outside, the safety of the equipment in the testing process is ensured, and the testing efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the switch matrix 5 selects 24 paths of radio frequency switch matrices, 24 paths of input and one path of output, the channel gating signals are controlled by the signal processing board, and the channel gating is implemented by adopting the same signal format as the channel control of the multi-channel phased array antenna 1;
the switch matrix 5 at least comprises a control circuit, a power conversion module and a switch module;
the control circuit is connected to the test controller 13, and is configured to receive a control instruction sent by the test controller 13, and output a parallel TTL control signal to the switch matrix 5 after the calculation is completed, so as to implement gating/switching off of a signal path;
the power conversion module is connected to the switch matrix 5 and the control circuit and is used for supplying the external power to the switch matrix 5 and the control circuit after converting the external power so as to realize normal power supply;
the switch module is connected to the main control computer and is used for realizing the radio frequency signal path gating function.
Designed in this way, the radio frequency circuit hardware is designed as follows: the radio frequency part comprises 24 radio frequency input ports and 1 radio frequency output port, the radio frequency part consists of an input stage six-selection switch, an output stage four-selection switch and cables, and the radio frequency part can select 1 SP4T/87104D type single-pole four-throw radio frequency switch module and 4 SP6T/87106D type single-pole six-throw radio frequency switch module, the frequency band of the switch is wider, the loss is small, the isolation degree is large, the bearing power is large, meanwhile, the two switches are all absorption switches, when one port is conducted, the other turn-off ports are in a matching state, and the two stages of switches are mainly interconnected through four cables to form a 24-way 1-out millimeter wave matrix switch;
the control circuit hardware is designed as follows: the control mode is 422 differential control, the upper computer control circuit is required to provide direct current power for the millimeter wave switch matrix, 4 422 serial port control signals (A, B, Y, Z) are required to be provided, and the baud rate of 422 serial port communication is 115200;
the calibration and detection steps of the switch matrix 5 are as follows: firstly, closing a certain channel loop through a switch matrix controller to calibrate the channel, secondly, reinforcing a fixed phase shifter or attenuator by the calibrated channel loop, and then calibrating again, and finally, taking the two calibration values as a difference value, and comparing the difference value with the used phase shifter or attenuator to obtain the calibration precision.
In this embodiment, the calibration module 4 is configured as one set of 24 ports X, ku and one set of Ka-band traveling wave calibration networks respectively, each set of traveling wave calibration network is a microstrip structure, the upper layer is 24 transmission lines, two ends of each transmission line are respectively connected to the switch matrix 5 and each subarray 101 via a radio frequency cable, the lower layer is a coupling strip line, one end of the lower layer is connected to a matching load, the other end of the lower layer is connected to the vector network analyzer 6 through the switch matrix 5, and a coupling path is formed between the upper layer transmission line and the lower layer strip line through a rectangular small hole of the middle floor.
Designed in this way, the calibration module 4 operates as follows: when the system is in a switch calibration mode, a main control computer enables a certain port of each switch matrix 5 to be opened through the test controller 13, other channels to be closed, radio frequency signals sent by the ports 1 enter the calibration module 4 through the switch matrix 5 and are sent to the ports 2 through the SPDT switch, the whole radio frequency link forms a complete loop, the test controller 13 controls the vector network analyzer 6 to perform data acquisition and data storage, then the other channels are sequentially opened, the steps are repeated, and data acquisition and storage of all the switch channels are completed and are called as post-processing;
in order to meet the bandwidth requirement, a set of 24 ports X, ku and a set of calibration modules 4 of Ka wave bands are configured, corresponding radio frequency connectors are fixed on two sides of each calibration module 4, and are respectively connected to the matrix switch 5 through a stable-amplitude and stable-phase radio frequency cable, and the coupling ends are connected to the SPDT switches for switch and antenna calibration;
in order to ensure the stability of the calibration module 4 during use, the calibration module needs to be measured and checked regularly, the standing wave loss is measured at least once a year, and the standing wave change is controlled within 0.2dB (loss: less than 1 dB).
In this embodiment, the digital beam receiving and forming unit 2 further includes a box and a bracket, and in order to improve the convenience of installing or erecting the switch matrix 5 and the calibration module 4 near the AUT, the box and the bracket are respectively configured, and the switch matrix 5 and the calibration module 4 are installed on an antenna bracket pole.
In this embodiment, the digital beam receiving and forming unit 2 further includes a vector network analyzer 6, where the vector network analyzer 6 is connected to the switch matrix 5 and the test controller 13, and is used to implement generation of test signals and processing of echo signals, where a signal output end of the vector network analyzer 6 performs signal input through a source antenna on a transmitting bracket, and a signal input end performs data acquisition through an antenna to be tested, so as to obtain an antenna far-field electrical performance parameter. In the test process, the main control computer firstly issues the array control instruction, the test controller realizes synchronous control with the radar array system, the special vector network analyzer 6 realizes the generation of test signals and the processing of echo signals, and finally the main control computer completes the analysis of test data and the output of results.
In this embodiment, the digital beam antenna test control unit 7 further includes a wave control module 8, a power module 9, a turntable 10, a zero finder 11, and an industrial personal computer 12;
the test controller 13 utilizes TTL trigger level to regulate the wave control module 8, the power supply module 9, the rotary table 10, the zero finder 11, the switch matrix 5 and the vector network analyzer 6, so as to complete cooperative work among meters and keep sampling synchronization among meters.
The system is designed in such a way that the multi-frequency point and multi-channel test is met, and the multi-wavelength test is also met, so that the test task and the data volume are huge, and therefore, in order to improve the system test speed and efficiency, the system scheme is matched with a PCI-based test controller 13 aiming at the phased array antenna, and the turntable 10 test speed and the high-speed switching of the frequency point, the channel and the wavelength are automatically optimized according to the response time of an instrument;
the test controller 13 at least comprises a power supply control module, a wave control module, a vector network analyzer control module and a turntable control module, and has the following functions: 1. receiving a command of a main control computer, switching different working modes, 2 receiving the command of the main control computer, and completing the functions of powering on, self-checking and powering off (aiming at the testing functions of specific products such as an active phased array antenna) of the phased array antenna, 3, automatically optimizing the testing speed of a turntable and setting an instrument and a wave control state according to frequency, channel and wave position setting;
the testing process comprises the following steps: (1) the control tester 13 receives a network instruction sent by the main control computer, wherein the instruction content comprises a working mode, a frequency list, a channel list, a wave position list and the like; (2) configuring a test mode and test parameters according to the requirements; (3) acquiring state switching time and data acquisition time by initializing each equipment step, automatically optimizing each state combination according to the test time, and automatically generating a state combination list; (4) entering an actual test stage, completing the test of all the test states through state switching and data acquisition cycle, and informing a main control computer to store all the test data;
the test controller 13 can operate by using a PCI-6602 type card of an NI company, can receive pulse signals and then output pulses to the matrix switch 5, the wave control module 8 of the part to be tested, the vector network analyzer 6 and other devices to trigger and control time sequence, and meets the time sequence control functions of different devices;
the test controller 13 and the tested device adopt two communication modes of handshake and non-handshake, and provide differential, LAN, and other interfaces, and can also reserve an interface conversion function according to the technical development requirements of the tested device in the future.
In this embodiment, the system further includes other radio frequency accessories, such as a power amplifier, a directional coupler, an SPDT switch combination, etc., and the model and parameters are configured as required.
Referring to fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention further provides a calibration method for a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna, which is implemented by adopting the multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system, and further comprises the following steps:
s1: erecting and preheating an antenna;
s2: calibrating a matrix switch;
s3: antenna far field calibration;
s4: testing an antenna far-field pattern;
s5: beamforming and outputting.
According to the calibration method for the multichannel digital beam phased array antenna, based on the calibration system, matrix switch calibration, antenna far-field calibration and antenna far-field pattern test are sequentially carried out on the multichannel digital beam phased array antenna, correction and compensation of each channel and corresponding subarrays or antenna units are completed, and channel amplitude and phase errors are reduced.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, step S2 further includes:
s21, presetting a channel and frequency parameters;
s22, switching the single-pole double-throw switch to a switch calibration side;
s23, the main control computer opens a certain port of the matrix switch 5 through the test controller 13, and closes other channels;
s24, radio frequency signals sent by the vector network analyzer 6 sequentially enter a coupling end of the calibration module 4 through an SPDT switch, and then are conveyed back to the vector network analyzer 6 through the switch matrix 5, and the whole radio frequency link forms a complete loop;
s25, the test controller 13 controls the matrix switch 5 to be opened one by one, controls the vector network analyzer 6 to collect data one by one, and stores data after the data of all switch channels are collected, so as to carry out post-processing call;
s26, erecting the radome on the multi-channel phased array antenna 1, repeating the steps S21-S25, and calibrating the matrix switch 5.
The aim of the matrix switch calibration is to eliminate the amplitude and phase errors caused by the matrix switch 5, and the accuracy amplitude can meet less than or equal to +/-0.1 dB and the phase less than or equal to +/-2 degrees after the step of the matrix switch calibration.
Referring to fig. 4, in the present embodiment, step S3 further includes:
s31, controlling the turntable 10 to enable the antenna to be detected to face the source antenna, wherein the source antenna radiates to the port surface of the antenna to be detected to be approximate to plane electromagnetic waves because the distance between the antenna to be detected and the source antenna meets far-field conditions;
s32, switching a single-pole double-throw switch to a pattern test side, and controlling the switch matrix 5 to acquire amplitude and phase data of each channel through software;
step S32 further includes:
s321, setting parameters of instruments, wave control, weight and convergence conditions by using calibration software;
s322, the calibration software switches the channel by switching the radio frequency switch and switches the antenna unit in the channel by sending an instruction to the wave control module 8;
s323, the calibration software performs data acquisition, processing, display and storage;
s324, after the radome is erected on the multi-channel phased array antenna 1, the calibration software controls the turntable 10 to rotate to a certain angle corresponding to a certain wave position, and the corresponding source antenna polarization rotates, so that the wave position is directed to be in a normal direction and the polarizations are matched, and the steps S322-S323 are repeated until all wave positions are calibrated, and the acquired data are removed from errors of the switch matrix 5, so that calibration data are obtained.
It should be noted that, for a phased array antenna adopting a digital system, the radio frequency signal is directly a/D to obtain the I/Q, the system uses the vector network analyzer 6 as a receiving device instead of a digital receiver, and the S parameter acquired by the vector network analyzer 6 is equivalent to the I/Q data of the digital receiver.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, step S4 further includes:
s41, controlling the turntable 10 to continuously move;
s42, the wave control module 8 sets wave control reverse beating according to rotation information of the azimuth axis and the pitching axis of the turntable 10, and synchronously outputs a trigger signal to the test controller 13 during sampling;
s43, the test controller 13 collects radio frequency signals according to the matrix switch 5 and the vector network analyzer 6 to obtain far-field amplitude and phase data of each sampling point, each channel and each frequency point.
It should be noted that the above steps obtain raw data, the system software calculates far-field pattern data according to the switch calibration data, the far-field calibration data, and the amplitude and phase weight values, so that a user can conduct data import and export and pattern drawing according to requirements, and can directly calculate far-field parameters to obtain antenna electrical performance parameters such as side lobes, gains and the like of the front and rear pattern of the phased array antenna strip cover.
In this embodiment, the present invention further includes antenna selection for a measurement system, radio frequency cable and connector selection, influence factor analysis for accuracy of a test system, and the like, which are generally set conventionally, and will not be described herein.
In summary, in one aspect, the system for calibrating a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna is a comprehensive automatic test platform integrating multiple control processing technologies, and is used for implementing phased array antenna testing by adopting a digital beam forming technology, and implementing calibration, beam forming, multi-beam forming and the like of the multi-channel phased array digital beam antenna, including multi-channel measurement, amplitude measurement, phase measurement, multi-beam measurement and the like, performing T/R unit insertion amplitude and phase test before and after a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna radome, and completing amplitude-phase calibration before and after the antenna radome; on the other hand, the calibration method of the multichannel digital wave beam phased array antenna is based on the calibration system, and the matrix switch calibration, the antenna far field calibration and the antenna far field pattern test are sequentially carried out on the multichannel digital wave beam phased array antenna, so that the correction and compensation of each channel and the corresponding subarray or antenna unit are completed, and the channel amplitude and phase errors are reduced.
It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system, comprising:
a multi-channel phased array antenna (1) comprising a plurality of subarrays (101) each for producing a multi-digital beam transceiving active phased array;
a digital beam receiving and forming unit (2) for performing one or more steps of down-conversion, sampling and software processing on a radio frequency signal to form a digital beam pattern, comprising: the calibration module (4) is used for realizing calibration compensation of amplitude and phase differences of each path at the rear end of the multi-channel phased array antenna (1);
a digital beam antenna test control unit (7) for controlling the working state of the multi-channel phased array antenna (1) and generating synchronous signals and control signals required by the test, comprising: the test controller (13) is used for controlling interfaces and controls among the main control computer, the tested antenna and all the test equipment, realizing the control of the working mode of the tested antenna, parameter setting, triggering acquisition and data storage, and the antenna housing which is detachably erected on the multi-channel phased array antenna (1).
2. The multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the digital beam receiving and forming unit (2) further comprises a liquid cooling module (3), the liquid cooling module (3) is connected to the multichannel phased array antenna (1) and at least comprises a water pump, a water tank, cooling liquid, an active refrigerating system or a radiator and a control system, and the liquid cooling module (3) is used for conveying the cooling liquid to circulate in a pipeline and exchange heat with the outside through the active refrigerating system or the radiator.
3. The multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the switch matrix (5) is a 24-path radio frequency switch matrix, 24 paths of input and output are adopted, channel gating signals are controlled by the signal processing board, and channel gating is realized by adopting a signal format which is the same as the self channel control of the multi-channel phased array antenna (1);
the switch matrix (5) at least comprises a control circuit, a power conversion module and a switch module;
the control circuit is connected to the test controller (13) and is used for receiving a control instruction sent by the test controller (13) and outputting a parallel TTL control signal to the switch matrix (5) after the calculation is finished so as to realize the gating/switching-off of a signal path;
the power conversion module is connected to the switch matrix (5) and the control circuit and is used for supplying external power to the switch matrix (5) and the control circuit after converting the external power so as to realize normal power supply;
the switch module is connected to the main control computer and is used for realizing the radio frequency signal path gating function.
4. The multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the calibration module (4) is configured into a set of 24-port X, ku and Ka-band traveling wave correction networks, each traveling wave correction network is of a microstrip structure, the upper layer is a 24-path transmission line, two ends of each transmission line are respectively connected to the switch matrix (5) and each subarray (101) through radio frequency cables, the lower layer is a coupling strip line, one end of each transmission line is connected to a matched load, the other end of each transmission line is connected to the vector network analyzer (6) through the switch matrix (5), and a coupling passage is formed between the upper layer transmission line and the lower layer strip line through rectangular small holes of the middle floor.
5. The multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the digital beam receiving and forming unit (2) further comprises a vector network analyzer (6), the vector network analyzer (6) is connected to the switch matrix (5) and the test controller (13) and is used for realizing generation of test signals and echo signal processing, a signal output end of the vector network analyzer (6) carries out signal throwing through a source antenna on a transmitting bracket, and a signal input end carries out data acquisition through an antenna to be tested to obtain antenna far-field electrical performance parameters.
6. The multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system of claim 1, wherein: the digital beam antenna test control unit (7) further comprises a wave control module (8), a power supply module (9), a turntable (10), a zero finder (11) and an industrial personal computer (12);
the test controller (13) utilizes TTL trigger level to regulate and control the wave control module (8), the power supply module (9), the rotary table (10), the zero finder (11), the switch matrix (5) and the vector network analyzer (6), so as to complete cooperative work among the meters and keep sampling synchronization among the meters.
7. A method for calibrating a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna, implemented by using the multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna calibration system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1: erecting and preheating an antenna;
s2: calibrating a matrix switch;
s3: antenna far field calibration;
s4: testing an antenna far-field pattern;
s5: beamforming and outputting.
8. The method of calibrating a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna of claim 7, wherein: step S2 further comprises:
s21, presetting a channel and frequency parameters;
s22, switching the single-pole double-throw switch to a switch calibration side;
s23, the main control computer opens a certain port of the matrix switch (5) through the test controller (13) and closes other channels;
s24, radio frequency signals sent by the vector network analyzer (6) sequentially enter a coupling end of the calibration module (4) through an SPDT switch, and then are conveyed back to the vector network analyzer (6) through the switch matrix (5), and the whole radio frequency link forms a complete loop;
s25, the test controller (13) controls the matrix switch (5) to be opened one by one, controls the vector network analyzer (6) to collect data one by one, and stores data after the data of all switch channels are collected, so as to carry out post-processing call;
s26, erecting the radome on the multi-channel phased array antenna (1), repeating the steps S21-S25, and calibrating the matrix switch (5).
9. The method of calibrating a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna of claim 7, wherein: step S3 further comprises:
s31, controlling the turntable (10) to enable the antenna to be detected to face the source antenna, wherein the distance between the antenna to be detected and the source antenna meets far-field conditions, so that the source antenna radiates to the port surface of the antenna to be detected to be approximate to plane electromagnetic waves;
s32, switching a single-pole double-throw switch to a pattern test side, and controlling the switch matrix (5) to acquire amplitude and phase data of each channel through software;
step S32 further includes:
s321, setting parameters of instruments, wave control, weight and convergence conditions by using calibration software;
s322, the calibration software switches the channel by switching the radio frequency switch and switches the antenna unit in the channel by sending an instruction to the wave control module (8);
s323, the calibration software performs data acquisition, processing, display and storage;
s324, after the radome is erected on the multi-channel phased array antenna (1), the calibration software controls the turntable (10) to rotate to a certain angle corresponding to a certain wave position, and the corresponding source antenna polarization rotates, so that the wave position points to be in a normal direction and the polarizations are matched, and the steps S322-S323 are repeated until all wave positions are calibrated, and the acquired data are obtained after the error of the switch matrix (5) is removed.
10. The method of calibrating a multi-channel digital beam phased array antenna of claim 7, wherein: step S4 further comprises:
s41, controlling the turntable (10) to continuously move;
s42, the wave control module (8) sets wave control reverse beating according to rotation information of an azimuth axis and a pitching axis of the turntable (10), and synchronously outputs a trigger signal to the test controller (13) during sampling;
s43, the test controller (13) collects radio frequency signals according to the matrix switch (5) and the vector network analyzer (6) to obtain far-field amplitude and phase data of each sampling point, each channel and each frequency point.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311766921.4A CN117728905A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | Multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311766921.4A CN117728905A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | Multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117728905A true CN117728905A (en) | 2024-03-19 |
Family
ID=90203234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311766921.4A Pending CN117728905A (en) | 2023-12-20 | 2023-12-20 | Multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117728905A (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160043465A1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-11 | Raytheon Company | Portable apparatus and associated method for phased array field calibration |
| CN107329125A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-11-07 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Eliminate short-term burst interference signal from closed loop calibration method |
| CN111726173A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Internal calibration system and method for transmitting-receiving duplex phased array antenna |
| CN111987462A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Phased array antenna phase calibration measurement system and method |
| CN112202509A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-08 | 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 | Phased array seeker front end frequency conversion calibration compensation system |
| CN112816961A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-05-18 | 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 | Ku wave band phased array water surface target detection system with self-adaptive wave beam stabilization |
| CN114039207A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | High-integration-level series-fed circular polarization correction network and working method thereof |
| CN115561531A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 成都华芯天微科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna multi-beam channel calibration system |
| CN115792411A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-03-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Phased array antenna testing device and method based on correction channel |
| CN116436537A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-07-14 | 北京理工大学前沿技术研究院 | Digital TR (transmitter and receiver) component amplitude and phase calibration method |
| CN117155486A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-12-01 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Phased array plane calibration method combining desktop and external field |
-
2023
- 2023-12-20 CN CN202311766921.4A patent/CN117728905A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160043465A1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-11 | Raytheon Company | Portable apparatus and associated method for phased array field calibration |
| CN107329125A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-11-07 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Eliminate short-term burst interference signal from closed loop calibration method |
| CN111726173A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Internal calibration system and method for transmitting-receiving duplex phased array antenna |
| CN111987462A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Phased array antenna phase calibration measurement system and method |
| CN112202509A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2021-01-08 | 湖北航天技术研究院总体设计所 | Phased array seeker front end frequency conversion calibration compensation system |
| CN112816961A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-05-18 | 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 | Ku wave band phased array water surface target detection system with self-adaptive wave beam stabilization |
| CN114039207A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | High-integration-level series-fed circular polarization correction network and working method thereof |
| CN115792411A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-03-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Phased array antenna testing device and method based on correction channel |
| CN115561531A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-01-03 | 成都华芯天微科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna multi-beam channel calibration system |
| CN116436537A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-07-14 | 北京理工大学前沿技术研究院 | Digital TR (transmitter and receiver) component amplitude and phase calibration method |
| CN117155486A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-12-01 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Phased array plane calibration method combining desktop and external field |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 葛建军, 杜夔, 邹永庆, 陈信平: "基于阵列行波馈源的有源相控阵天线校正技术", 现代雷达, no. 03, 30 June 2001 (2001-06-30), pages 52 - 55 * |
| 蔡昌雷: "基于数字多波束的ADS-B IN综合集成设计与实现", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库，工程科技II辑》, no. 2019, 15 April 2019 (2019-04-15), pages 1 - 67 * |
| 邹永庆, 张玉梅, 曹军: "用串馈矩阵开关BIT测试系统对相控阵天线的检测、校正及补偿", 雷达科学与技术, no. 01, 28 February 2003 (2003-02-28), pages 60 - 64 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105548978B (en) | A kind of phased array antenna active refelction coefficient test system and method | |
| US9439086B2 (en) | Near-field MIMO wireless test systems, structures, and processes | |
| CN105259544B (en) | Connectors for Active Phased Array Radar T/R component width phase test systems | |
| CN111726173B (en) | Internal calibration system and method for transmitting-receiving duplex phased array antenna | |
| CN108768553B (en) | Universal full-automatic array transceiver module amplitude-phase test system and test method thereof | |
| CN105467371A (en) | Amplitude phase calibrating device for semi-closed loop coupled phased array channels | |
| CN111766455B (en) | Phased array antenna directional pattern prediction method and system based on aperture current method | |
| CN113138371B (en) | Broadband near field measurement system and method for amplitude phase rapid calibration of radio frequency link | |
| CN112804016A (en) | Self-calibration method for broadband phased array antenna of analog-digital hybrid transmit-receive shared system | |
| CN115575727A (en) | Phased array antenna directional pattern intelligent test system and method | |
| CN211856883U (en) | Radar receiver channel calibration device | |
| CN115913407A (en) | One-dimensional phased array self-transmitting and self-receiving calibration method based on FPGA | |
| CN112698113B (en) | Amplitude calibration method and device for receiving channel and network equipment | |
| CN107276643B (en) | Mobile communication satellite multi-beam carrier-to-interference ratio ground test system and method | |
| CN117728905A (en) | Multi-channel digital wave beam phased array antenna calibration system and method | |
| CN116559755A (en) | Array antenna active standing wave test calibration system and method | |
| CN114280382B (en) | Automatic spherical near field antenna correction test system and test method thereof | |
| CN109921865A (en) | A kind of the calibration bar approximate simulation calibration system and method for full airspace phased array antenna | |
| CN112615681B (en) | Amplitude calibration method and device of transmitting channel and network equipment | |
| CN114414904A (en) | 5G NR basic station OTA amplitude and phase conformance test calibrating device | |
| CN109449600B (en) | Electric control switching multi-polarization horn antenna | |
| CN219302650U (en) | Radio frequency test adapting device | |
| CN219123486U (en) | Waveguide crack phased array antenna and electrical equipment | |
| CN112615680B (en) | Phase calibration method and device of transmitting channel and network equipment | |
| CN106896276A (en) | A kind of near field test system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |