CN116559755A - Array antenna active standing wave test calibration system and method - Google Patents
Array antenna active standing wave test calibration system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of array antenna measurement, and discloses an array antenna active standing wave test calibration system and method. According to the method, a plurality of multi-port vector network analyzers are used as coherent excitation sources, the plurality of vector network analyzers are connected with a calibration module, multipath coherent excitation signals are obtained through adjustment of the calibration module, and standing wave parameters of all antenna units on an array surface are directly tested by the vector network analyzers; the automatic test shortens the active standing wave test time of the array antenna, greatly improves the test efficiency, and ensures that the system has good expandability based on a standard instrument scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of array antenna measurement, in particular to an array antenna active standing wave test calibration system and method.
Background
The array antenna is widely applied to radar, detection, communication and other systems due to the advantages of high gain, flexible beam and the like. The standing wave ratio of an antenna is a very important indicator in the evaluation of the performance of an array antenna. The standing wave ratio reflects the degree of impedance matching between the radiating element and the transmission line, etc. As phased array antenna beams are scanned, the phase relationship between the elements and each other changes due to the influence of mutual coupling between the elements in the phased array antenna array, so that the S parameters of the elements in the array change at different scanning angles, and the change is generally represented as deterioration of the active standing wave performance.
In antenna array surface test verification, when different array surface amplitude and phase excitation is carried out to realize different array surface wave beam directions, the actual standing wave level of individual array elements is rapidly deteriorated, and the TR module can be caused to self-excite or even burn due to serious mismatch of load impedance. When the conventional test equipment is used for performing array plane standing wave test, the passive standing wave test of exciting a single array element and connecting other antenna units with loads is performed, or the active standing wave is calculated through a theoretical formula after the passive standing wave and the full S parameters of the antenna array plane are tested. The conventional standing-wave ratio measuring method only measures the performance of the isolated antenna unit in the feeding process, but the standing-wave ratio of the whole array in the feeding process is different from that of the isolated antenna unit in consideration of the mutual coupling effect among the units. The measurement of isolated cells therefore does not allow an accurate assessment of the performance of the entire array.
In addition, in the field of array antenna testing, a plurality of units provide a mode of adopting a vector network analyzer configuration with a radio frequency source and two ports to match a customized beam control module, a coupling network module and a switching network module, so that a multi-channel coherent excitation and measurement system is constructed, and on one hand, the nonstandard customization module in the system occupies a relatively large area, and on the other hand, the cost of the customization module is relatively high, the expandability is not strong, the later-stage upgrading and transformation difficulty is high, the resource waste is often caused, and the asset conservation is not facilitated because the stability of the nonstandard customization module is relatively poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The standing wave test of the array antenna has huge workload, the previous method has larger difference with the active standing wave condition under the condition of actual amplitude-phase excitation of the array antenna, the traditional array antenna active standing wave test system has a large number of non-calibrated module units, the whole system has high manufacturing cost, the calibration can not be carried out through a third-party metering mechanism, the expandability is poor, and the resource waste is easy to cause. How to improve the active standing wave test efficiency of the array antenna and reduce the test cost becomes an urgent problem to be solved by the industry. In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an active standing wave test calibration system and method for an array antenna.
The active standing wave test calibration system and method for the array antenna provided by the application adopt the following technical scheme:
the array antenna active standing wave test calibration system comprises a plurality of vector network analyzers, a calibration module and a computer terminal, wherein the vector network analyzers are divided into two groups and are respectively used as independent excitation sources and receivers;
the computer terminal is respectively connected with the vector network analyzer and the control port of the calibration module through the Ethernet switch;
the output port of the multi-port vector network analyzer serving as an excitation source is connected with the input end of the calibration module;
ports 1 and 2 of the vector network analyzer serving as a receiver are respectively connected with a front port and a rear port of the calibration module, and ports 3 and 4 of the vector network analyzer are respectively connected with Ref1 and Ref2 ports of the calibration module;
and the output port of the calibration module is connected with the test port of the array antenna.
Further, the calibration module comprises a radio frequency switch matrix unit, a coupler unit and a coherent synchronization unit.
Furthermore, the phase-coherent synchronization unit comprises a plurality of reference source modules, and the reference source modules are used for sequentially completing phase-coherent synchronization and phase control of a plurality of vector network analyzers.
Further, an active divider is further arranged between the vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources and the calibration module, and is used for measuring amplitude differences and phase differences among the vector network analyzers and among the paths of the calibration module.
Further, the system also comprises an electronic calibration piece and a power meter, wherein the power meter is connected with the USB interface of the vector network analyzer serving as an excitation source, and the electronic calibration piece is connected with the calibration module through a radio frequency wire and is connected with the USB interface of the vector network analyzer and used for carrying out calibration operation on source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity.
An array antenna active standing wave test calibration method, comprising the following steps:
s1, carrying out full-dual-port calibration on ports 1 and 2 of a first group of vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources;
s2, respectively connecting output ports of the first group of vector network analyzers 1-n to source ports of a calibration module;
s3, setting the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the measurement point number of the standing wave test;
s4, measuring amplitude differences and phase differences among corresponding ports of each vector network analyzer and among paths of the calibration module, and performing inherent error calibration of the calibration module.
S5, calibrating source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity, and sequentially completing the calibration operation of each channel of the calibration module;
s6, standing wave test is carried out through the computer terminal, the path of the internal switching channel of the calibration module is controlled, the ratio between the forward channel and the backward channel is measured in sequence, and then standing wave measurement results of all the channels are obtained.
Further, the step of calibrating the inherent error of the calibration module in S4 includes the following steps:
s401, calibrating S parameters of ports 1 and 2 of the second group of vector network analyzers by using an electronic calibration piece;
s402, connecting a port 1 of a first group of vector network analyzers 1 with a power divider, connecting an output 1 of the power divider to a source 1 port of a calibration module, connecting calibration modules Ref1 and Ref2 to ports 3 and 4 of a second group of vector network analyzers respectively, and connecting calibration module measurement channels 1 and 5 to ports 1 and 2 of the second group of vector network analyzers respectively;
s403, connecting the output 2 of the power divider to a source 5 port of a calibration module, respectively measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of Ref1 and Ref2 of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 and 2, and measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of channels 1 and 5 by the calibration module;
s404, connecting the output 2 of the power divider to a source 9 port of the calibration module, respectively measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of Ref1 and Ref2 of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 and 2, and measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of the calibration module measuring channels 1 and 9.
Further, the calibrating the source output power, the receiver power, and the receiver linearity in S5 includes the following steps:
s501, connecting output ports 1-4 of a calibration module with a second group of vector network analyzers through an electronic calibration piece, and calibrating all ports in sequence;
s502, connecting an electronic calibration piece and a USB power meter with the first group of vector network analyzers 1, and calibrating S parameters and power of ports 1-4;
s503, sequentially connecting output ports 4n+1 to 4n+4 (n is larger than or equal to 1) of the calibration module with a second group of vector network analyzers through electronic calibration parts, and sequentially calibrating all the ports;
s504, connecting the electronic calibration piece and the USB power meter with the first group of vector network analyzers n+1, and calibrating S parameters and power of ports 1-4.
Further, the standing wave test method in S6 includes the following steps:
s601, connecting a calibration module with an array antenna to be tested;
s602, adjusting the configuration of a calibration module according to the phase difference between the second group of vector network analyzers Ref1 and Ref2, and setting the phase value between the first group of vector network analyzers;
s603, collecting forward and backward test results by using a second group of vector network analyzers, sequentially adjusting internal channel switching of the calibration module, and recording related test results;
s604, switching frequency points, and repeating S602-S603 to obtain active standing wave test results under different frequencies.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) According to the method, a plurality of multi-port vector network analyzers are used as coherent excitation sources, the plurality of vector network analyzers are connected with a calibration module, multipath coherent excitation signals are obtained through adjustment of the calibration module, and standing wave parameters of all antenna units on an array surface are directly tested by the vector network analyzers; the automatic test shortens the active standing wave test time of the array antenna, and greatly improves the test efficiency;
(2) The method for the coherent synchronization among the vector network analyzers is provided, the coherent output excitation sources in the array antenna test system are all composed of independent excitation sources in the vector network analyzers, standardized instrument and equipment are adopted, so that system index parameters are ensured, meanwhile, the possibility is provided for third party metering, the system expandability is good, and the test cost and the later maintenance cost are effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the test calibration system of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the test calibration method of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the intrinsic error calibration of the calibration module in the present application S4;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of calibrating source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity in the present application S5;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the standing wave test method in the present application S6.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application; it is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person having ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured to," "engaged with," "connected to," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.
Example 1:
the present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 1-5.
The embodiment of the application discloses an array antenna active standing wave test calibration system, which comprises a plurality of vector network analyzers, a calibration module and a computer terminal, wherein the vector network analyzers are divided into two groups, the first group of vector network analyzers are used as independent excitation sources and are composed of n 4-port vector network analyzers, the common vector network analyzers are provided with 2/4 independent signal sources, and the same vector network analyzer requires that the internal signal sources have phase-coherent output characteristics; the second group of vector network analyzers consists of 1 4-port vector network analyzer, which is used as 4 independent receivers;
the computer terminal is respectively connected with the vector network analyzer and the control port of the calibration module through the Ethernet switch;
the output ports of the first group of multiport vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources are connected with the input ends of the calibration modules;
ports 1 and 2 of a second group of vector network analyzers serving as receivers are respectively connected with front and rear ports of the calibration module, and ports 3 and 4 of the second group of vector network analyzers are respectively connected with Ref1 and Ref2 ports of the calibration module;
the output port of the calibration module is connected with the test port of the array antenna.
Further, the calibration module comprises a radio frequency switch matrix unit, a coupler unit and a coherent synchronization unit.
Further, the phase-coherent synchronization unit comprises a plurality of reference source modules, which are used for sequentially completing phase-coherent synchronization and phase control of a plurality of vector network analyzers.
Further, an active divider is further arranged between the vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources and the calibration module, and is used for measuring amplitude differences and phase differences of all paths of the vector network analyzers and all paths of the calibration module.
Further, the system also comprises an electronic calibration piece and a power meter, wherein the power meter is connected with a USB interface of the vector network analyzer serving as an excitation source, the electronic calibration piece is connected with the calibration module through a radio frequency wire and is connected with the USB interface of the vector network analyzer, and the electronic calibration piece is used for carrying out calibration operation on source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity.
The implementation principle of the active standing wave test calibration system and method for the array antenna in the embodiment of the application is as follows: the user-defined port configuration of the vector network analyzer is utilized, the second group of the vector network analyzer b1 receivers are defined as a receiver of the logic port 1, and the second group of the vector network analyzer b2 receivers are defined as b receivers of the logic port 1, so that the operation is convenient, the measurement result of the user interface S11 of the vector network analyzer is utilized as an antenna test result, the standing wave test can be completed through the setting of the trace of the vector network analyzer, and the measurement of the standing wave of each antenna of the array surface can be sequentially completed through the switching of the radio frequency switch in the calibration module; the phase synchronization and the phase control of a plurality of vector network analyzers can be sequentially completed by adjusting the output phase of the reference source module in the calibration module; and the measurement function of measuring the port excitation signal and the reflected signal is completed through a directional coupler unit in the calibration module.
The embodiment also discloses a calibration method for testing the active standing wave of the array antenna, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out full-dual-port calibration on ports 1 and 2 of a first group of vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources;
s2, connecting output ports of the first group of vector network analyzers 1-n to source ports of a calibration module respectively, wherein the corresponding relation is that the vector network analyzers 1 are connected with the source ports 1-4, the vector network analyzers 2 are connected with the source ports 5-8, and so on, and the vector network analyzers n are connected with the source ports 4 n-3-4 n;
s3, setting the starting frequency, the stopping frequency, the measurement point number and the like of standing wave test in control software;
s4, measuring amplitude differences and phase differences among corresponding ports of each vector network analyzer and among paths of the calibration module, and performing inherent error calibration of the calibration module.
S5, calibrating source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity, and sequentially completing the calibration operation of each channel of the calibration module;
s6, standing wave test is carried out through the computer terminal, the path of the internal switching channel of the calibration module is controlled, the ratio between the forward channel and the backward channel is measured in sequence, and then standing wave measurement results of all the channels are obtained.
Further, the inherent error calibration of the calibration module in S4 includes the following steps:
s401, connecting two test cables at ports 1 and 2 of a second group of vector network analyzers, connecting an electronic calibration piece USB to a USB interface of the second group of vector network analyzers, selecting the vector network analyzers to perform a full-dual-port calibration function, and calibrating S parameters of the ports 1 and 2; the output ports of the first group of vector network analyzers 1-n are respectively connected to the source ports of the calibration module, the corresponding relationship is that the vector network analyzers 1 are connected with the source ports 1-4, the vector network analyzers 2 are connected with the source ports 5-8, and so on, and the vector network analyzers n are connected with the source ports 4 n-3-4 n.
S402, connecting a port 1 of a first group of vector network analyzers 1 with a power divider, connecting an output 1 of the power divider to a source 1 port of a calibration module, connecting calibration modules Ref1 and Ref2 to ports 3 and 4 of a second group of vector network analyzers respectively, and connecting calibration module measurement channels 1 and 5 to ports 1 and 2 of the second group of vector network analyzers respectively;
s403, connecting the output 2 of the power divider to a source 5 port of a calibration module, respectively measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of Ref1 and Ref2 of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 and 2, and measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of channels 1 and 5 by the calibration module;
s404, connecting the output 2 of the power divider to a source 9 port of the calibration module, respectively measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of Ref1 and Ref2 of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 and 2, and measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of the calibration module measuring channels 1 and 9.
Further, calibrating the source output power, the receiver power, and the receiver linearity in S5 includes the following steps:
s501, connecting output ports 1-4 of the calibration module to an electronic calibration piece through radio frequency wires, connecting the electronic calibration piece to a USB interface of a second group of vector network analyzers, and performing single-port calibration at the 1/2/3/4 positions of channels respectively; connecting the electronic calibration piece to the USB of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 to calibrate the S parameters of all four ports; connecting a power meter to the USB of the first group vector network analyzer 1, and respectively performing source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity calibration operation;
s502, connecting the ports 5/6/7/8 of the calibration module channels to an electronic calibration piece through radio frequency wires, connecting the electronic calibration piece to a USB interface of a second group of vector network analyzers, and performing single-port calibration at the channels 5/6/7/8 respectively; connecting the electronic calibration piece to the USB of the first group of vector network analyzers 2 to calibrate the S parameters of all four ports; connecting a power meter to the USB of the first group vector network analyzer 2, and respectively performing source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity calibration operation; sequentially completing the calibration operation of other channels of the calibration module;
s503, sequentially connecting output ports 4n+1 to 4n+4 (n is larger than or equal to 1) of the calibration module with a second group of vector network analyzers through electronic calibration parts, and sequentially calibrating all the ports;
s504, connecting the electronic calibration piece and the USB power meter with the first group of vector network analyzers n+1, and calibrating S parameters and power of ports 1-4.
Further, the standing wave test method in S6 includes the following steps:
s601, connecting a calibration module with an array antenna to be tested;
s602, adjusting the configuration of a calibration module according to the phase difference between the second group of vector network analyzers Ref1 and Ref2, and setting the phase value between the first group of vector network analyzers;
s603, collecting forward and backward test results by using a second group of vector network analyzers, sequentially adjusting internal channel switching of the calibration module, and recording related test results;
s604, switching frequency points, and repeating S602-S603 to obtain active standing wave test results under different frequencies.
It should be noted that, clicking standing wave test in control software, the system will automatically set the output frequency of the first/second group of vector network analyzers, and simultaneously set the first/second group of vector network analyzers to work in CW mode, the first group of vector network analyzers uses manual triggering mode, according to the phase difference between the second group of vector network analyzers Ref1, ref2, adjust the phase difference between the 1 st group of vector network analyzers 1, 5 channels, adjust the internal switching channel path of the calibration module, repeatedly measure the phase difference between Ref1, ref2, and sequentially adjust the phase difference between the first group of vector network analyzers 1, n channels until the phase difference between the first group of vector network analyzers reaches the coherent state; and controlling the internal switching channel paths of the calibration module to sequentially measure the ratio between the forward channel and the backward channel, thereby obtaining the standing wave measurement result of each channel.
The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.
Claims (9)
1. An array antenna active standing wave test calibration system is characterized in that: the system comprises a plurality of vector network analyzers, a calibration module and a computer terminal, wherein the vector network analyzers are divided into two groups and respectively serve as independent excitation sources and receivers;
the computer terminal is respectively connected with the vector network analyzer and the control port of the calibration module through the Ethernet switch;
the output port of the multi-port vector network analyzer serving as an excitation source is connected with the input end of the calibration module;
ports 1 and 2 of the vector network analyzer serving as a receiver are respectively connected with a front port and a rear port of the calibration module, and ports 3 and 4 of the vector network analyzer are respectively connected with Ref1 and Ref2 ports of the calibration module;
and the output port of the calibration module is connected with the test port of the array antenna.
2. The array antenna active standing wave test calibration system according to claim 1, wherein: the calibration module comprises a radio frequency switch matrix unit, a coupler unit and a coherent synchronization unit.
3. The array antenna active standing wave test calibration system according to claim 2, wherein: the phase-coherent synchronization unit comprises a plurality of reference source modules and is used for sequentially completing phase-coherent synchronization and phase control of a plurality of vector network analyzers.
4. The array antenna active standing wave test calibration system according to claim 1, wherein: and an active divider is further arranged between the vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources and the calibration module and used for measuring amplitude differences and phase differences of all paths of the vector network analyzers and the calibration module.
5. The array antenna active standing wave test calibration system according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises an electronic calibration piece and a power meter, wherein the power meter is connected with a USB interface of the vector network analyzer serving as an excitation source, and the electronic calibration piece is connected with a calibration module through a radio frequency wire and is connected with the USB interface of the vector network analyzer and used for performing calibration operation of source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity.
6. A method for testing and calibrating active standing waves of an array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out full-dual-port calibration on ports 1 and 2 of a first group of vector network analyzers serving as excitation sources;
s2, respectively connecting output ports of the first group of vector network analyzers 1-n to source ports of a calibration module;
s3, setting the starting frequency, the ending frequency and the measurement point number of the standing wave test;
s4, measuring amplitude differences and phase differences among corresponding ports of each vector network analyzer and among paths of the calibration module, and performing inherent error calibration of the calibration module.
S5, calibrating source output power, receiver power and receiver linearity, and sequentially completing the calibration operation of each channel of the calibration module;
s6, standing wave test is carried out through the computer terminal, the path of the internal switching channel of the calibration module is controlled, the ratio between the forward channel and the backward channel is measured in sequence, and then standing wave measurement results of all the channels are obtained.
7. The method for calibrating active standing wave test of array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inherent error calibration of the calibration module in the step S4 comprises the following steps:
s401, calibrating S parameters of ports 1 and 2 of the second group of vector network analyzers by using an electronic calibration piece;
s402, connecting a port 1 of a first group of vector network analyzers 1 with a power divider, connecting an output 1 of the power divider to a source 1 port of a calibration module, connecting calibration modules Ref1 and Ref2 to ports 3 and 4 of a second group of vector network analyzers respectively, and connecting calibration module measurement channels 1 and 5 to ports 1 and 2 of the second group of vector network analyzers respectively;
s403, connecting the output 2 of the power divider to a source 5 port of a calibration module, respectively measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of Ref1 and Ref2 of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 and 2, and measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of channels 1 and 5 by the calibration module;
s404, connecting the output 2 of the power divider to a source 9 port of the calibration module, respectively measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of Ref1 and Ref2 of the first group of vector network analyzers 1 and 2, and measuring the amplitude differences and the phase differences of the calibration module measuring channels 1 and 9.
8. The method for calibrating active standing wave test of array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calibrating of the source output power, the receiver power and the receiver linearity in S5 includes the following steps:
s501, connecting output ports 1-4 of a calibration module with a second group of vector network analyzers through an electronic calibration piece, and calibrating all ports in sequence;
s502, connecting an electronic calibration piece and a USB power meter with the first group of vector network analyzers 1, and calibrating S parameters and power of ports 1-4;
s503, sequentially connecting output ports 4n+1 to 4n+4 (n is larger than or equal to 1) of the calibration module with a second group of vector network analyzers through electronic calibration parts, and sequentially calibrating all the ports;
s504, connecting the electronic calibration piece and the USB power meter with the first group of vector network analyzers n+1, and calibrating S parameters and power of ports 1-4.
9. The method for calibrating active standing wave test of array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the standing wave test method in S6 comprises the following steps:
s601, connecting a calibration module with an array antenna to be tested;
s602, adjusting the configuration of a calibration module according to the phase difference between the second group of vector network analyzers Ref1 and Ref2, and setting the phase value between the first group of vector network analyzers;
s603, collecting forward and backward test results by using a second group of vector network analyzers, sequentially adjusting internal channel switching of the calibration module, and recording related test results;
s604, switching frequency points, and repeating S602-S603 to obtain active standing wave test results under different frequencies.
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| CN118033573A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 成都天成电科科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna pattern acquisition method, device, equipment and medium |
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