CN117720239B - Hierarchical treatment system and method for oily wastewater of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit - Google Patents
Hierarchical treatment system and method for oily wastewater of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 394
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 250
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 361
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a grading treatment system and method for oily wastewater of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, comprising a full-automatic oil separation regulating unit, a sedimentation tank, a floating oil separator, a first intermediate water tank, a floating oil collecting tank, a pipeline filter, a demulsification separation treating unit, a second intermediate water tank, a walnut shell filter, a clean water tank and a waste oil barrel. The grading treatment system and method for the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit can effectively treat the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, grade treatment is carried out on oil with different forms, oil, suspended matters and computer vision are combined, oil, mud and water are monitored in real time, early warning feedback is carried out, and the grading treatment system and method for the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit have the characteristics of good treatment effect, stable operation, high efficiency and accurate oil collection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment in the water conservancy and hydropower industry, and particularly relates to a hierarchical treatment system and method for oily wastewater of a water conservancy and hydropower engineering unit.
Background
The hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is a non-pollution ecological influence engineering, and for electromechanical equipment of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, the abnormal emission possibility of pollutants still exists, especially oily wastewater generated by the electromechanical equipment, such as: oil-containing wastewater generated by sealing abrasion of a unit bearing, oil pipeline damage, accident maintenance, fire fighting and the like. The pipeline interfaces of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering seepage drainage system are complex, the pipeline system penetrates through all corners of the factory building, the top cover of the machine set automatically flows to drain water, seepage drainage from drainage ditches of all layers of the factory building exists, and all water sources can possibly bring dirty oil of equipment and pipelines. If the water cannot be effectively treated, the water is directly discharged to the water body, and the water body is polluted. Particularly, when meeting sensitive environmental protection targets such as water source sites, the treatment engineering of the oily wastewater is adopted, so that the influence of the oily wastewater on the water quality in the running period of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering is eliminated. With the improvement of human environmental awareness and the importance of environmental protection, the treatment of oily wastewater in the operation of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering electromechanical equipment has become an important working content of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering design.
At present, how to effectively treat the unit oil-containing wastewater generated in the running period of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering is a key technical problem which needs to be solved in the environmental protection design of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a grading treatment system and method for oily wastewater of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The invention provides an oil-containing wastewater grading treatment system of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, which comprises a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, a sedimentation tank (2), a floating oil separator (3), a first intermediate water tank (4), a floating oil collecting tank (5), a pipeline filter (6), a demulsification separation treatment unit, a second intermediate water tank (8), a walnut shell filter (9), a clean water tank (10) and a waste oil barrel (14);
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is used for separating oil from water, and the separated waste oil outlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is connected to the oil inlet end of the floating oil separator (3); the oil-water separation is carried out on the floating oil separator (3), the oil outlet end of the separated waste oil is connected to the waste oil barrel (14), and the separated waste water flows back to the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit; the wastewater outlet end separated by the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is connected to the water inlet end of the sedimentation tank (2); the sedimentation tank (2) carries out mud-water separation, the water outlet end of the separated supernatant fluid is connected to the water inlet end of the first intermediate water tank (4), and the separated oily sludge is discharged; the floating oil overflow end of the first intermediate water tank (4) is connected to the oil inlet end of the floating oil collecting tank (5), and the floating oil discharge end of the floating oil collecting tank (5) is connected to the waste oil barrel (14); the lower water layer of the first intermediate water tank (4) is connected with the water inlet end of the pipeline filter (6), and the water outlet end of the pipeline filter (6) is connected with the water inlet end of the demulsification separation treatment unit; the demulsification separation treatment unit is used for separating oil from water, the separated oil body is connected to the waste oil barrel (14), and the separated water body is connected to the water inlet end of the second intermediate water tank (8); the water draining end of the second intermediate water tank (8) is connected to the water inlet end of the walnut shell filter (9), and the water draining end of the walnut shell filter (9) is connected to the water inlet end of the clean water tank (10).
Preferably, the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit comprises a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank (1), a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank lifting pump (11), a waste oil lifting pump (15), a waste oil water outlet pipe (16), an oil-water separation chamber (30), a waste water chamber (31), an oil collecting tank (32), a water inlet pipe (33), a water inlet adjusting valve (34), a baffle plate (35), a stirrer (36), a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank water outlet pipe (37), a cover plate (38) and a ventilation pipe (39);
The full-automatic oil separation regulating tank (1) is internally and fixedly provided with a baffle (35), a space is reserved between the bottom of the baffle (35) and the tank bottom of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank (1), the top surface of the baffle (35) is higher than the designed water surface, the bottom surface of the baffle (35) is lower than the designed water surface, the baffle (35) is used for separating the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank (1) into an oil-water separation chamber (30) and a waste water chamber (31), and the oil-water separation chamber (30) is communicated with the lower part of the waste water chamber (31) through the space;
the oil-water separation chamber (30) is respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe (33) and the vent pipe (39); the water inlet pipe (33) is provided with the water inlet regulating valve (34);
The oil collecting tank (32) is fixedly arranged in the oil-water separation chamber (30) and close to the baffle (35), the bottom of the oil collecting tank (32) is fixed with the bottom of the oil-water separation chamber (30), and the top surface of the oil collecting tank (32) is higher than the designed water surface;
the bottom of the oil collecting tank (32) is provided with the waste oil lifting pump (15); the water outlet end of the waste oil lifting pump (15) is communicated with the oil inlet end of the floating oil separator (3) through the waste oil outlet pipe (16); the drainage end of the floating oil separator (3) is communicated with the water inlet end of the oil-water separation chamber (30); the oil discharging end of the floating oil separator (3) is connected to the waste oil barrel (14);
A stirrer (36) is arranged in the wastewater chamber (31); the bottom of the wastewater chamber (31) close to the effluent is provided with the full-automatic oil separation adjusting pool lifting pump (11); the water outlet end of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank lifting pump (11) is connected to the water inlet end of the sedimentation tank (2) through the water outlet pipe (37) of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank; the oil-water separation chamber (30) and the top of the wastewater chamber (31) are provided with an integrated cover plate (38).
Preferably, a water delivery pipeline between the first intermediate water tank (4) and the pipeline filter (6) is provided with a first intermediate water tank booster pump (12); and a second middle water tank booster pump (13) is arranged in the water conveying pipeline between the first middle water tank booster pump (12) and the walnut shell filter (9).
Preferably, the demulsification separation treatment unit comprises a demulsification separator tank body (7), a demulsification separator drain pipe (18), a demulsification separator oil drain pipe (19), a top feed pipe (22), a diversion cone (24), an oil-water separation membrane (25), a diversion ring (26), a separation pipe (27) and a diversion pipe (29);
The top center of the demulsification separator tank body (7) is communicated with the top feed pipe (22); the demulsification separator is characterized in that a shunt ring (26) which is clung to the annular inner wall of the demulsification separator tank body (7) is arranged inside the demulsification separator tank body (7) and below the top feed pipe (22), and a plurality of material distributing pipes (27) are radially communicated between the discharge end of the top feed pipe (22) and the shunt ring (26); the material dividing pipe (27) is obliquely arranged; the oil-water separation film (25) is arranged below the shunt ring (26); the lower part of the oil-water separation film (25) is provided with the diversion cone (24), and the edge of the lower surface of the diversion cone (24) is in scattered communication with a plurality of diversion pipes (29) which are vertically arranged;
An oil inlet of the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe (19) is positioned right below the center of the oil-water separation film (25) and is communicated with the center of the oil-water separation film (25); an oil drain port of the demulsification separator oil drain pipe (19) extends out from the bottom of the demulsification separator tank body (7) and is connected to the waste oil barrel (14); the side wall of the lower part of the demulsification separator tank body (7) is provided with a demulsification separator drain pipe (18), and the demulsification separator drain pipe (18) is communicated with the second intermediate water tank (8).
Preferably, the oil-water separation film (25) is in a conical funnel shape, the conical surface is an oil-water separation film part, the conical bottom is an oil phase gathering position, and the conical bottom is provided with a guide pipe;
the flow guiding conical part (24) is a conical slope, the cone top of the flow guiding conical part is positioned right below the cone bottom of the oil-water separation film (25), and the cone top of the flow guiding conical part (24) is provided with a through hole for oil phase to pass through;
A distribution plate (23) can be sleeved at the position, close to the oil inlet, of the oil discharge pipe (19) of the demulsification separator in a sliding manner, the distribution plate (23) is positioned below the diversion cone (24), and the distribution plate (23) is provided with distribution holes; the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe (19) is arranged outside and below the distribution plate (23), and a floating ring (28) is slidably arranged; a side feeding pipe (17) is arranged on the side wall of the demulsification separator tank body (7); the side feeding pipe (17) is positioned below the guide pipe (29); an observation window (20) is formed in the side wall of the demulsification separator tank body (7); and supporting legs (21) are arranged at the bottom of the demulsification separator tank body (7).
Preferably, the system also comprises oil-separating tank oil-mud-water real-time monitoring equipment, demulsification separator oil-mud-water real-time monitoring equipment, a PLC control cabinet (45) and a computer (46);
The oil removal pond oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment comprises a first graduated glassware (40A), a first camera (41A), a first sampling regulating valve (42A) and a first data line (43);
The first graduated glass device (40A) and the first camera (41A) are arranged in a closed space with a uniform light source, one end of a sampling tube is communicated with a first sampling regulating valve (42A) arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit, and the other end of the sampling tube extends into the first graduated glass device (40A); the acquisition view field of the first camera (41A) faces the first graduated glass appliance (40A), and the first camera (41A) is connected with the PLC control cabinet (45) through the first data line (43);
The demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring device comprises a second graduated glassware (40B), a second camera (41B), a second sampling regulating valve (42B) and a second data line (44);
The second graduated glass device (40B) and the second camera (41B) are arranged in a closed space with a uniform light source, one end of a sampling tube is communicated with a second sampling regulating valve (42B) arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the demulsification separation processing unit, and the other end of the sampling tube extends into the second graduated glass device (40B); the acquisition view of the second camera (41B) faces the second graduated glassware (40B), and the second camera (41B) is connected with the PLC control cabinet (45) through the second data line (44); the PLC control cabinet (45) is connected with the computer (46).
The invention also provides a method for the hierarchical treatment system of the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, oily wastewater enters a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit through pressure flow; the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit performs oil-water separation on the oil-containing wastewater, and the separated floating oil flows into the floating oil separator (3); because the water content of the floating oil is higher, the floating oil is separated by the floating oil separator (3), the separated floating oil flows into the waste oil barrel (14), and the separated waste water flows back to the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit; the wastewater separated by the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit flows into a sedimentation tank (2);
Oil-water separation is carried out through a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, and suspended oil with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is removed;
step 2, the sedimentation tank (2) sediments the inflowing wastewater, and the supernatant in the sedimentation tank (2) overflows to the first intermediate water tank (4); the oily sludge at the lower end of the sedimentation tank (2) is discharged for resource utilization;
step 3, the wastewater in the first intermediate water tank (4) flows into a pipeline filter (6) to further remove suspended matters; the floating oil in the first intermediate water tank (4) overflows into a floating oil collecting tank (5), and the floating oil extracted by the floating oil collecting tank (5) is collected into a waste oil barrel (14);
Step 4, filtering the wastewater by a pipeline filter (6), and enabling the filtered wastewater to flow into a demulsification separation treatment unit;
step 5, the emulsion breaking and separating unit breaks emulsion of the emulsified oil in the oily sewage, breaks the tension of an emulsion oil water surface film to form fine oil particles in a free form, combines a plurality of oil particles to form visible oil clusters, realizes oil-water separation, and enables waste oil separated by the emulsion breaking and separating unit to flow into a waste oil barrel (14), and waste water separated by the emulsion breaking and separating unit flows into a second intermediate water tank (8);
After being treated by a demulsification separation treatment unit, the oil slick, dispersed oil and emulsified oil with the particle size of more than 10 mu m are removed;
Step 6, the wastewater in the second intermediate water tank (8) flows into a walnut shell filter (9);
step 7, the walnut shell filter (9) filters the inflowing wastewater, the waste oil is adsorbed on the surface of the walnut shell under the action of binding force by the oleophilic property of the surface of the walnut shell, the effect of filtering the residual oil in the wastewater is realized, and the filtered wastewater flows into the clean water tank (10);
and 8, discharging or recycling clean water in the clean water tank (10) up to the standard.
Preferably, the method further comprises an oil removal regulating tank sludge water real-time monitoring step and a demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring step:
The oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of the oil separation regulating tank is used for monitoring the oil sludge water of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit in real time, and specifically comprises the following steps: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, collecting a waste water image of a sampling sample, analyzing the waste water image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer so that the water inlet flow rate can ensure the optimal separation effect of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit;
The oil sludge water of the demulsification separation treatment unit is monitored in real time through oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of the demulsification separator, and the oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment specifically comprises: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the demulsification separation processing unit, collecting a wastewater image of the sampled sample, analyzing the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the demulsification separation processing unit and the dosage of the demulsifier according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer, so that the water inlet flow rate and the dosage of the demulsifier can ensure the optimal separation effect of the demulsification separation processing unit.
Preferably, the following method is adopted to analyze the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer:
Step 9.1, acquiring a wastewater image by using a high-definition camera;
step 9.2, carrying out Gaussian blur processing on each pixel point (x, y) in the wastewater image by adopting the following formula to obtain processed pixel points P (x, y), thereby obtaining a Gaussian blur processed wastewater image formed by a plurality of processed pixel points P (x, y), wherein the edges of an oil film, a water layer and a mud layer of the Gaussian blur processed wastewater image are clearer;
Wherein: x and y represent image coordinates of pixel points in the wastewater image, sigma is a standard deviation of a Gaussian kernel function, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: performing blurring processing by using a3×3 gaussian convolution kernel pixel point (x, y), and calculating a sigma value according to a3×3 gaussian kernel;
step 9.3, performing color space conversion on the wastewater image after Gaussian blur treatment, and converting each pixel point in the wastewater image after Gaussian blur treatment from BGR color space to HSV color space to obtain the wastewater image after color space conversion, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
Step 9.3.1, for each pixel point P (x, y), having a B-channel value, a G-channel value, and an R-channel value; taking the maximum value of the B channel value, the G channel value and the R channel value as an image brightness value V, wherein the formula is as follows: v=max (B, G, R);
In step 9.3.2, the image saturation S of the pixel P (x, y) is obtained by using the following formula:
Step 9.3.3, obtaining the hue H of the pixel point P (x, y) by adopting the following method:
Judging whether the image brightness value V obtained in the step 9.3.1 is the minimum value of the B channel value, the G channel value and the R channel value, and if so, setting the hue H to be 0; if not, the hue initial value H' is obtained by adopting the following formula:
if V＝＝R，
if V＝＝G，
if V＝＝B，
if the initial hue value H "< 0, the hue H=H" +360, and the hue H is in the value range of (0, 360); if the initial hue value H '> 0, the hue H=H' -360 is set to be within the value range of (0, 360), thereby obtaining the hue H;
Step 9.4, determining a color range of the oil film in an HSV color space, wherein the color range comprises an oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and an oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2);
Determining a color range of a mud layer in an HSV color space, including a mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and a mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4);
Step 9.5, performing color matching on the wastewater image obtained in step 9.3 according to the oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and the oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2) determined in step 9.4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a first mask 1 is created by taking a value between an oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and an oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2), the first mask 1 is adopted to carry out color matching on the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, and a matched first mask interception area is obtained from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the first mask interception area is an oil film area extracted from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3;
According to the mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and the mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4) determined in the step 9.4, performing color matching on the wastewater image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a second mask 2 is created by taking a value between a mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and a mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4), the second mask 2 is adopted to carry out color matching on the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, and a matched second mask interception area is obtained from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the second mask interception area is the mud layer area extracted from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3;
Step 9.6, analyzing the first mask interception area, extracting to obtain an oil film profile, and analyzing the oil film profile to obtain the oil film thickness; analyzing the second mask interception area, extracting to obtain a mud layer profile, and analyzing the mud layer profile to obtain the mud layer thickness.
The grading treatment system and method for the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit provided by the invention have the following advantages:
The grading treatment system and method for the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit can effectively treat the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, grade treatment is carried out on oil with different forms, oil, suspended matters and computer vision are combined, and oil, mud and water are monitored in real time. Meanwhile, technical parameters suitable for oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit are adopted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a whole structure diagram of an oil-containing wastewater grading treatment system of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for classifying and treating oily wastewater of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a demulsification separator provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a demulsification separator provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the split ring, the oil-water separation membrane, the guide cone and the guide pipe provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic top view of the feed divider pipe and the diverter ring according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a floating ring according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an overall flow chart of real-time analysis of wastewater images provided by the invention.
Wherein: the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank 1, the sedimentation tank 2, the floating oil separator 3, the first middle water tank 4, the floating oil collecting tank 5, the pipeline filter 6, the demulsification separator tank 7, the second middle water tank 8, the walnut shell filter 9, the clean water tank 10, the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank lifting pump 11, the first middle water tank booster pump 12, the second middle water tank booster pump 13, the waste oil tank 14, the waste oil lifting pump 15, the waste oil outlet pipe 16, the side inlet pipe 17, the demulsification separator drain pipe 18, the demulsification separator drain pipe 19, the observation window 20, the support leg 21, the top inlet pipe 22, the distribution plate 23, the diversion cone 24, the oil-water separation membrane 25, the diversion ring 26, the diversion pipe 27, the floating ring 28 and the diversion pipe 29, the oil-water separation chamber 30, the waste water chamber 31, the oil collecting tank 32, the water inlet pipe 33, the water inlet regulating valve 34, the baffle 35, the stirrer 36, the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank 37, the cover plate 38, the 39, the first graduated glass 40A, the second graduated glass 40B, the first camera 41A, the second camera 41B, the second camera 41A, the second camera adjusting valve 42, the second camera adjusting valve 46, the second camera adjusting valve 44, the data adjusting valve 43, and the PLC adjusting line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a grading treatment system for oily wastewater of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, which is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and comprises a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, a sedimentation tank 2, a floating oil separator 3, a first intermediate water tank 4, a floating oil collecting tank 5, a pipeline filter 6, a demulsification separation treatment unit, a second intermediate water tank 8, a walnut shell filter 9, a clean water tank 10 and a waste oil barrel 14;
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is used for separating oil from water, and the oil outlet end of the separated waste oil is connected to the oil inlet end of the floating oil separator 3; the oil-water separation is carried out on the floating oil separator 3, the oil outlet end of the separated waste oil is connected to the waste oil barrel 14, and the separated waste water flows back to the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit; the wastewater outlet end separated by the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is connected to the water inlet end of the sedimentation tank 2; the sedimentation tank 2 carries out mud-water separation, the water outlet end of the separated supernatant fluid is connected to the water inlet end of the first intermediate water tank 4, and the separated oily sludge is discharged; the oil slick overflow end of the first intermediate water tank 4 is connected to the oil inlet end of the oil slick collecting tank 5, and the oil slick discharge end of the oil slick collecting tank 5 is connected to the waste oil barrel 14; the lower water layer of the first intermediate water tank 4 is connected with the water inlet end of the pipeline filter 6, and the water outlet end of the pipeline filter 6 is connected with the water inlet end of the demulsification separation treatment unit; the demulsification and separation treatment unit performs oil-water separation, the separated oil body is connected to the waste oil barrel 14, and the separated water body is connected to the water inlet end of the second intermediate water tank 8; the water draining end of the second intermediate water tank 8 is connected to the water inlet end of the walnut shell filter 9, and the water draining end of the walnut shell filter 9 is connected to the water inlet end of the clean water tank 10. Wherein, a water pipeline between the first intermediate water tank 4 and the pipeline filter 6 is provided with a first intermediate water tank booster pump 12; a second middle water tank pressurizing pump 13 is arranged on a water conveying pipeline between the first middle water tank pressurizing pump 12 and the walnut shell filter 9.
The following details of the structure of the fully automatic oil separation adjusting unit and the demulsification separation processing unit are provided in the invention:
Full-automatic oil separation regulating unit and oil separation tank oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit provided by the application has good oil-water separation effect, has the function of adjusting water quality and quantity, does not need manual oil fishing, collects oil through the oil collecting tank, and lifts the waste oil to the floating oil separator 3 through the waste oil lifting pump. The device has the characteristics of low investment, simple structure, low energy consumption, high efficiency, automatic control and simple maintenance.
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit comprises a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank 1, a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank lifting pump 11, a waste oil lifting pump 15, a waste oil outlet pipe 16, an oil-water separation chamber 30, a waste water chamber 31, an oil collecting tank 32, a water inlet pipe 33, a water inlet adjusting valve 34, a baffle 35, a stirrer 36, a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank outlet pipe 37, a cover plate 38 and a vent pipe 39;
The baffle 35 is fixedly arranged in the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank 1, a space is reserved between the bottom of the baffle 35 and the bottom of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank 1, the top surface of the baffle 35 is higher than the designed water surface, the bottom surface of the baffle 35 is lower than the designed water surface, the baffle 35 is used for dividing the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank 1 into an oil-water separation chamber 30 and a waste water chamber 31, and the lower parts of the oil-water separation chamber 30 and the waste water chamber 31 are communicated through the space;
The oil-water separation chamber 30 is respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe 33 and the vent pipe 39; the water inlet pipe 33 is provided with the water inlet regulating valve 34; the water inlet regulating valve 34 can regulate the water inlet flow rate and the water inlet flow rate;
The oil collecting tank 32 is fixedly arranged in the oil-water separation chamber 30 and close to the baffle 35, the bottom of the oil collecting tank 32 is fixed with the bottom of the oil-water separation chamber 30, and the top surface of the oil collecting tank 32 is the same as the designed water surface; the oil sump 32 is located at the corner inside the oil-water separation chamber 30, and the area of the oil sump 32 is much smaller than that of the oil-water separation chamber 30.
The bottom of the oil collecting tank 32 is provided with the waste oil lifting pump 15; the water outlet end of the waste oil lifting pump 15 is communicated with the oil inlet end of the floating oil separator 3 through the waste oil outlet pipe 16; the drainage end of the floating oil separator 3 is communicated with the water inlet end of the oil-water separation chamber 30; the oil discharging end of the floating oil separator 3 is connected to the waste oil barrel 14;
A stirrer 36 is arranged in the wastewater chamber 31, and stirring is carried out by the stirrer 36, so that the purposes of homogenization and uniform quantity are achieved; the bottom of the wastewater chamber 31, which is close to the effluent, is provided with the full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank lifting pump 11; the water outlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank lifting pump 11 is connected to the water inlet end of the sedimentation tank 2 through the water outlet pipe 37 of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank; the oil-water separation chamber 30 and the top of the waste water chamber 31 are provided with an integrated cover plate 38.
In the application, the oil-water separation chamber 30, the waste water chamber 31 and the oil collecting tank 32 are built together, so that the occupied area is effectively reduced.
The full-automatic oil removal regulating unit is provided with oil removal pond oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment, carries out real-time supervision to the oil sludge water of full-automatic oil removal regulating unit through oil removal regulating tank oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment, specifically does: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, collecting a waste water image of a sampling sample, analyzing the waste water image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer so that the water inlet flow rate can ensure the optimal separation effect of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit;
specifically, the oil removal pond muddy water real-time monitoring equipment comprises a first graduated glassware 40A, a first camera 41A, a first sampling regulating valve 42A and a first data line 43;
The first graduated glass device 40A and the first camera 41A are arranged in a closed space with a uniform light source, one end of a sampling tube is communicated with a first sampling regulating valve 42A arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit, and the other end of the sampling tube extends into the first graduated glass device 40A; the collecting view of the first camera 41A faces the first graduated glassware 40A, and the first camera 41A is connected with the PLC control cabinet 45 through the first data line 43;
In the present application, the graduation marks on the first graduated glassware 40A are fluorescent; the first camera 41A shoots the waste water image in the first graduated glass appliance 40A in real time and transmits the waste water image to the PLC control cabinet 45 and the computer 46, the computer 46 analyzes the waste water image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, the water inflow flow rate is controlled by controlling the opening height of the water inflow regulating valve 34, the water inflow flow rate is ensured to be 1-2mm/s, if no obvious oil layer thickness exists, the oil separation effect is better, and if the obvious oil layer thickness exists, the height of the water inflow regulating valve 34 needs to be reduced, so that the optimal separation effect of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit is ensured.
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit has good oil-water separation effect, has the function of adjusting water quality and quantity, does not need manual oil fishing, collects oil through the oil collecting tank and lifts waste oil to the floating oil separator through the waste oil lifting pump. The device has the characteristics of low investment, simple structure, low energy consumption, high efficiency, automatic control and simple maintenance.
(II) demulsification separation treatment unit and demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring equipment
Referring to fig. 3 to 7, the demulsification separation treatment unit includes a demulsification separator tank 7, a demulsification separator drain pipe 18, a demulsification separator drain pipe 19, a top feed pipe 22, a diversion cone 24, an oil-water separation membrane 25, a diversion ring 26, a diversion pipe 27 and a diversion pipe 29;
The top center of the demulsification separator tank body 7 is communicated with the top feed pipe 22; the demulsification separator tank 7 is arranged inside and below the top feed pipe 22, the diverter ring 26 clung to the annular inner wall of the demulsification separator tank 7 is arranged, and the diverter ring 26 can be connected with the demulsification separator tank 7 through bolts. A plurality of distributing pipes 27 are radially communicated between the discharging end of the top feeding pipe 22 and the distributing ring 26; the material dividing pipe 27 is obliquely arranged; one end of the distributing pipe 27 is welded with the top feeding pipe 22, the other end is welded with the distributing ring 26, and in fig. 6, 4 distributing pipes 27 are provided in total; the dividing pipe 27 is disposed obliquely.
The oil-water separation film 25 is arranged below the shunt ring 26; the oil-water separation film 25 can be connected with the shunt ring 26 by clamping and pressing. The oil-water separation film 25 is in a conical funnel shape, the conical surface is an oil-water separation film part, the conical bottom is an oil phase gathering position, and the conical bottom is provided with a guide pipe;
The lower part of the oil-water separation film 25 is provided with a diversion cone part 24, the diversion cone part 24 is connected with the inner side of the demulsification separator tank 7 through bolts, the diversion cone part 24 is a cone slope, the cone top of the diversion cone part 24 is positioned right below the cone bottom of the oil-water separation film 25, and the cone top of the diversion cone part 24 is provided with a through hole for oil phase to pass through;
The edge of the lower surface of the guiding cone 24 is in dispersion communication with a plurality of guiding pipes 29 which are vertically arranged; the draft tube 29 is welded to the draft cone 24.
An oil inlet of the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19 is positioned right below the center of the oil-water separation film 25 and is communicated with the center of the oil-water separation film 25; an oil drain port of the demulsification separator oil drain pipe 19 extends out from the bottom of the demulsification separator tank 7 and is connected to the waste oil barrel 14; the side wall of the lower part of the demulsification separator tank body 7 is provided with a demulsification separator drain pipe 18, and the demulsification separator drain pipe 18 is communicated with the second intermediate water tank 8.
And a distribution plate 23 can be sleeved at the position, close to the oil inlet, of the oil discharge pipe 19 of the demulsification separator in a vertically sliding manner, the distribution plate 23 is positioned below the diversion cone 24, and the distribution plate 23 can be positioned at the inner side of each diversion pipe 29 and spliced with the diversion pipe 29. The distribution plate 23 is provided with distribution holes; the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19 is arranged outside and below the distribution plate 23, and a floating ring 28 is slidably arranged; as shown in fig. 7, a structural view of the floating ring 28 is shown.
The side wall of the demulsification separator tank body 7 is provided with a side feeding pipe 17; the side feed pipe 17 is positioned below the guide pipe 29; the side feed pipe 17 is disposed on the opposite side of the emulsion breaker drain pipe 18. The side wall of the demulsification separator tank body 7 is provided with an observation window 20; the liquid level of the oil-water mixture in the demulsification separator tank 7 can be observed through the observation window 20; the bottom of the demulsification separator tank 7 is provided with supporting legs 21.
The working principle of the demulsification separation treatment unit is as follows:
(1) The oil-water mixture discharged from the pipeline filter 6 is mixed with the demulsifier to form an oil-water mixture mixed with the demulsifier, the oil-water mixture mixed with the demulsifier enters the top feed pipe 22, the oil-water mixture output from the top feed pipe 22 flows into each distributing pipe 27, and the oil-water mixture flows into the distributing ring 26 after being distributed through the distributing pipes 27;
(2) The oil-water mixture flows out of the annular gap of the flow distribution ring 26 and flows into the surface of the oil-water separation membrane 25, and as the annular gap of the flow distribution ring 26 is positioned above the circumferential edge of the oil-water separation membrane 25, the water curtain-shaped oil-water mixture flowing out of the annular gap of the flow distribution ring 26 firstly uniformly falls onto the upper edge of the conical surface of the conical funnel-shaped oil-water separation membrane 25, then the oil-water mixture uniformly slides down along the conical surface of the oil-water separation membrane 25 to the conical bottom part, in the process of sliding down the oil-water mixture, the oil-water separation membrane 25 carries out oil-water separation on the oil-water mixture, and the separated water body drops onto the surface of the diversion conical part 24 below through the oil-water separation membrane 25; the separated oil body gathers at the cone bottom position of the oil-water separation film 25, falls into the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19 through the guide pipe arranged at the cone bottom, and is discharged to the waste oil barrel 14 through the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19. According to the invention, the oil-water mixture is firstly separated through the separating pipe 27, then the oil-water mixture is changed into a water curtain shape through the separating ring 26, and finally oil-water separation is carried out through the oil-water separation membrane 25, and by adopting the method, on one hand, the oil-water mixture falling into the oil-water separation membrane 25 can be more uniform, and the oil-water separation effect is improved; on the other hand, the oil-water separation membrane 25 has a tapered funnel shape, and can increase the flow area of the oil-water mixture, thereby improving the oil-water separation effect.
(3) The separated water falls on the surface of the diversion cone 24, slides along the conical slope of the diversion cone 24, gathers at the cone bottom edge of the diversion cone 24, then flows into the diversion pipe 29, flows into the lower cavity in the demulsification separator tank 7 after diversion by the diversion pipe 29. The water body in the demulsification separator tank body 7 can further continue to separate oil from water only by gravity, so that the oil-water separation efficiency is improved.
(4) In addition, a small amount of oil-water mixture is sent into the lower cavity in the demulsification separator tank 7 through the side feeding pipe 17, and the liquid level in the demulsification separator tank 7 is kept in a constant interval by adjusting the conveying amount of the side feeding pipe 17, so that the oil layer on the upper layer of the water body is higher than the upper end of the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19, and the separated oil layer can flow into the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19 from the upper side of the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19 and be discharged from the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe 19. Wherein, through setting up distribution plate 23 and showy ring 28, the oil body and the water after the oil-water separation can be separated to distribution plate 23, and showy ring 28 makes distribution plate 23 float under the effect of water buoyancy for form effective separation interface between water and the oil body, guarantee the separation effect of water layer and oil reservoir.
This demulsification separation processing unit is through top inlet pipe, branch material pipe, the shunt ring, the water oil separating membrane, water conservancy diversion toper spare and the honeycomb duct of setting for the oil-water mixture after adding the demulsifier gets into branch material pipe from the top inlet pipe, and flows into the shunt ring, flows into the water oil separating membrane surface from the shunt ring, and water oil separating membrane carries out oil-water separation, and the water passes the membrane body and falls at the water conservancy diversion toper spare, finally flows into the internal lower part cavity of jar through the honeycomb duct, and the oil body after the separation is from oil water separating membrane center whereabouts in oil drain pipe, makes the separation rate of oil body and water obtain improving.
The demulsification separation treatment unit is provided with demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring equipment, and the demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring equipment monitors the sludge water of the demulsification separation treatment unit in real time, and specifically comprises: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the demulsification separation processing unit, collecting a wastewater image of a sampling sample, analyzing the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the demulsification separation processing unit and the dosage of the demulsifier dosing unit according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the analyzed sedimentation thickness of the mud layer, so that the water inlet flow rate and the dosage of the demulsifier can ensure the optimal separation effect of the demulsification separation processing unit.
Specifically, the demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring device comprises a second graduated glassware 40B, a second camera 41B, a second sampling regulating valve 42B and a second data line 44;
The second graduated glassware 40B and the second camera 41B are arranged in a closed space with a uniform light source, one end of a sampling tube is communicated with a second sampling regulating valve 42B arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the demulsification separation processing unit, and the other end of the sampling tube extends into the second graduated glassware 40B; the collection view of the second camera 41B faces the second graduated glassware 40B, and the second camera 41B is connected with the PLC control cabinet 45 through the second data line 44; the PLC control cabinet 45 is connected to the computer 46.
In the present application, the scale marks on the second graduated glassware 40B are fluorescent; the second camera 41B shoots the waste water image in the second glass tool 40B with scales in real time and transmits the waste water image to the PLC control cabinet 45 and the computer 46, the computer 46 analyzes the waste water image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and the water inflow flow rate and the demulsifier dosage are controlled, if the thickness of the oil layer is not obvious, the oil separation effect is good, and if the thickness of the oil layer is obvious, the water inflow flow rate is reduced and the demulsifier dosage is increased, so that the optimal separation effect of the demulsification separation treatment unit is ensured.
(III) oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment
In the invention, the oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment comprises oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of an oil separation tank, oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of a demulsification separator, a PLC control cabinet 45 and a computer 46.
The structure and principle of the oil-separation tank oil sludge and water real-time monitoring device and the demulsification separator oil sludge and water real-time monitoring device are described above, and are not described herein.
The invention also provides a method for the hierarchical treatment system of the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, oily wastewater enters a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit through pressure flow; the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit performs oil-water separation on the oil-containing wastewater, and the separated floating oil flows into the floating oil separator 3; because the water content of the floating oil is higher, the floating oil is separated through the floating oil separator 3, the separated floating oil flows into the waste oil barrel 14, and the separated waste water flows back to the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit; the wastewater separated by the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit flows into the sedimentation tank 2;
Oil-water separation is carried out through a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, and suspended oil with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is removed;
step 2, the sedimentation tank 2 sediments the inflowing wastewater, and the supernatant in the sedimentation tank 2 overflows to the first intermediate water tank 4; the oily sludge at the lower end of the sedimentation tank 2 is discharged for resource utilization;
Step 3, the wastewater in the first intermediate water tank 4 flows into a pipeline filter 6 to further remove suspended matters; the floating oil in the first intermediate water tank 4 overflows into the floating oil collecting tank 5, and the floating oil extracted by the floating oil collecting tank 5 is collected into the waste oil barrel 14;
step 4, filtering the wastewater by a pipeline filter 6, and enabling the filtered wastewater to flow into a demulsification separation treatment unit;
step 5, the demulsification separation treatment unit demulsifies the emulsified oil in the oily sewage, the tension of the surface film of the emulsified oil water is broken, so that oil particles in a free form with a tiny volume are formed, a plurality of oil particles are combined to form visible oil clusters, oil-water separation is realized, waste oil separated by the demulsification separation treatment unit flows into the waste oil bucket 14, and waste water separated by the demulsification separation treatment unit flows into the second intermediate water tank 8;
after being treated by a demulsification separation treatment unit, the oil slick, dispersed oil and emulsified oil with the particle size of more than 10 mu m are effectively removed;
Step 6, the wastewater in the second intermediate water tank 8 flows into the walnut shell filter 9;
Step 7, the walnut shell filter 9 filters the inflowing wastewater, the waste oil is adsorbed on the surface of the walnut shell under the action of binding force by virtue of the oleophilic property of the surface of the walnut shell, the effect of filtering the residual oil in the wastewater is realized, and the filtered wastewater flows into the clean water tank 10;
and 8, discharging or recycling the clear water in the clear water tank 10 after reaching the standard.
Wherein:
when the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit and the demulsification separation processing unit carry out oil-sludge-water separation, the method further comprises an oil separation adjusting tank oil-sludge-water real-time monitoring step and a demulsification separator oil-sludge-water real-time monitoring step:
The oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of the oil separation regulating tank is used for monitoring the oil sludge water of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit in real time, and specifically comprises the following steps: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, collecting a waste water image of a sampling sample, analyzing the waste water image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer so that the water inlet flow rate can ensure the optimal separation effect of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit;
The oil sludge water of the demulsification separation treatment unit is monitored in real time through oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of the demulsification separator, and the oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment specifically comprises: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the demulsification separation processing unit, collecting a wastewater image of the sampled sample, analyzing the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the demulsification separation processing unit and the dosage of the demulsifier according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer, so that the water inlet flow rate and the dosage of the demulsifier can ensure the optimal separation effect of the demulsification separation processing unit.
The invention adopts the following method to analyze the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of the oil layer and the thickness of the mud layer as shown in fig. 8:
step 9.1, acquiring a wastewater image by using a high-definition camera; for example, a 1080p high definition camera is used to capture the wastewater image as a subsequently processed image.
Step 9.2, carrying out Gaussian blur processing on each pixel point (x, y) in the wastewater image by adopting the following formula to obtain processed pixel points P (x, y), thereby obtaining a Gaussian blur processed wastewater image formed by a plurality of processed pixel points P (x, y), wherein the Gaussian blur processed wastewater image can greatly reduce high-frequency noise and random noise points in the image, thereby realizing image smoothing and enabling edges of an oil film, a water layer and a mud layer in the image to be clearer;
Wherein: x and y represent image coordinates of pixel points in the wastewater image, sigma is a standard deviation of a Gaussian kernel function, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: performing blurring processing by using a3×3 gaussian convolution kernel pixel point (x, y), and calculating a sigma value according to a3×3 gaussian kernel;
and 9.3, performing color space conversion on the wastewater image after Gaussian blur processing, converting each pixel point in the wastewater image after Gaussian blur processing from BGR color space to HSV color space to obtain the wastewater image after color space conversion, and performing color space conversion, so that an oil layer and a mud layer in the image can be accurately identified according to the converted color. The specific method comprises the following steps:
Step 9.3.1, for each pixel point P (x, y), having a B-channel value, a G-channel value, and an R-channel value; taking the maximum value of the B channel value, the G channel value and the R channel value as an image brightness value V, wherein the formula is as follows: v=max (B, G, R);
In step 9.3.2, the image saturation S of the pixel P (x, y) is obtained by using the following formula:
Step 9.3.3, obtaining the hue H of the pixel point P (x, y) by adopting the following method:
Judging whether the image brightness value V obtained in the step 9.3.1 is the minimum value of the B channel value, the G channel value and the R channel value, and if so, setting the hue H to be 0; if not, the hue initial value H' is obtained by adopting the following formula:
if V＝＝R，/>
if V＝＝G，
if y＝＝B，
if the initial hue value H "< 0, the hue H=H" +360, and the hue H is in the value range of (0, 360); if the initial hue value H '> 0, the hue H=H' -360 is set to be within the value range of (0, 360), thereby obtaining the hue H;
Step 9.4, determining a color range of the oil film in an HSV color space, wherein the color range comprises an oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and an oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2);
Determining a color range of a mud layer in an HSV color space, including a mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and a mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4);
In this step, taking an oil film as an example, the following method may be used to determine the color range of the oil film in the HSV color space:
Given the oil film hue difference Δh, since hue H is a circle in HSV color space, its value is typically between 0-360 degrees, to ensure that the calculated upper and lower bounds do not exceed this range, given the oil film center hue HC and oil film hue difference Δh, the oil film hue upper boundary value H upper and oil film hue lower boundary value H lower are obtained using the following formulas:
Hlower＝(HC-ΔH)mod 360
Hupper＝(HC+ΔH)mod 360
Since the saturation S and the luminance V are generally between 0 and 1, given the oil film saturation difference Δs and the oil film luminance difference Δv, the oil film saturation upper boundary S upper, the oil film saturation lower boundary S lower, the oil film luminance upper boundary V upper, and the oil film luminance upper boundary V lower are obtained by the following formula:
Slower＝max(HC-ΔS，0)
Supper＝min(HC+ΔS，1)
Vlower＝max(HC-ΔV，0)
Vupper＝min(HC+ΔV，1)
From this, the oil film low threshold color (H lower,Slower,Vlower), i.e., H 1,S1,V1, is determined. The oil film high threshold color (H upper,Supper,Vupper), i.e. (H 2,S2,V2).
When the color range of the mud layer in the HSV color space is determined, the values of delta H, HC, delta S and delta V are adjusted only according to the characteristics of the mud layer.
Step 9.5, performing color matching on the wastewater image obtained in step 9.3 according to the oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and the oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2) determined in step 9.4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a first mask 1 is created by taking a value between an oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and an oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2), the first mask 1 is adopted to carry out color matching on the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, and a matched first mask interception area is obtained from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the first mask interception area is an oil film area extracted from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3;
According to the mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and the mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4) determined in the step 9.4, performing color matching on the wastewater image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a second mask 2 is created by taking a value between a mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and a mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4), the second mask 2 is adopted to carry out color matching on the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, and a matched second mask interception area is obtained from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the second mask interception area is the mud layer area extracted from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3;
Step 9.6, analyzing the first mask interception area, extracting to obtain an oil film profile, and analyzing the oil film profile to obtain the oil film thickness; analyzing the second mask interception area, extracting to obtain a mud layer profile, and analyzing the mud layer profile to obtain the mud layer thickness.
The grading treatment system and method for the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit can effectively treat the oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit, grade treatment is carried out on oil with different forms, oil, suspended matters and computer vision are combined, and oil, mud and water are monitored in real time. Meanwhile, technical parameters suitable for oil-containing wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit are adopted.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The grading treatment system for the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit is characterized by comprising a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, a sedimentation tank (2), a floating oil separator (3), a first intermediate water tank (4), a floating oil collecting tank (5), a pipeline filter (6), a demulsification separation treatment unit, a second intermediate water tank (8), a walnut shell filter (9), a clean water tank (10) and a waste oil barrel (14);
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is used for separating oil from water, and the separated waste oil outlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is connected to the oil inlet end of the floating oil separator (3); the oil-water separation is carried out on the floating oil separator (3), the oil outlet end of the separated waste oil is connected to the waste oil barrel (14), and the separated waste water flows back to the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit; the wastewater outlet end separated by the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit is connected to the water inlet end of the sedimentation tank (2); the sedimentation tank (2) carries out mud-water separation, the water outlet end of the separated supernatant fluid is connected to the water inlet end of the first intermediate water tank (4), and the separated oily sludge is discharged; the floating oil overflow end of the first intermediate water tank (4) is connected to the oil inlet end of the floating oil collecting tank (5), and the floating oil discharge end of the floating oil collecting tank (5) is connected to the waste oil barrel (14); the lower water layer of the first intermediate water tank (4) is connected with the water inlet end of the pipeline filter (6), and the water outlet end of the pipeline filter (6) is connected with the water inlet end of the demulsification separation treatment unit; the demulsification separation treatment unit is used for separating oil from water, the separated oil body is connected to the waste oil barrel (14), and the separated water body is connected to the water inlet end of the second intermediate water tank (8); the water draining end of the second intermediate water tank (8) is connected to the water inlet end of the walnut shell filter (9), and the water draining end of the walnut shell filter (9) is connected to the water inlet end of the clean water tank (10);
The full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit comprises a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank (1), a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank lifting pump (11), a waste oil lifting pump (15), a waste oil water outlet pipe (16), an oil-water separation chamber (30), a waste water chamber (31), an oil collecting tank (32), a water inlet pipe (33), a water inlet adjusting valve (34), a baffle plate (35), a stirrer (36), a full-automatic oil separation adjusting tank water outlet pipe (37), a cover plate (38) and a ventilation pipe (39);
The full-automatic oil separation regulating tank (1) is internally and fixedly provided with a baffle (35), a space is reserved between the bottom of the baffle (35) and the tank bottom of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank (1), the top surface of the baffle (35) is higher than the designed water surface, the bottom surface of the baffle (35) is lower than the designed water surface, the baffle (35) is used for separating the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank (1) into an oil-water separation chamber (30) and a waste water chamber (31), and the oil-water separation chamber (30) is communicated with the lower part of the waste water chamber (31) through the space;
the oil-water separation chamber (30) is respectively communicated with the water inlet pipe (33) and the vent pipe (39); the water inlet pipe (33) is provided with the water inlet regulating valve (34);
The oil collecting tank (32) is fixedly arranged in the oil-water separation chamber (30) and close to the baffle (35), the bottom of the oil collecting tank (32) is fixed with the bottom of the oil-water separation chamber (30), and the top surface of the oil collecting tank (32) is higher than the designed water surface;
the bottom of the oil collecting tank (32) is provided with the waste oil lifting pump (15); the water outlet end of the waste oil lifting pump (15) is communicated with the oil inlet end of the floating oil separator (3) through the waste oil outlet pipe (16); the drainage end of the floating oil separator (3) is communicated with the water inlet end of the oil-water separation chamber (30); the oil discharging end of the floating oil separator (3) is connected to the waste oil barrel (14);
A stirrer (36) is arranged in the wastewater chamber (31); the bottom of the wastewater chamber (31) close to the effluent is provided with the full-automatic oil separation adjusting pool lifting pump (11); the water outlet end of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank lifting pump (11) is connected to the water inlet end of the sedimentation tank (2) through the water outlet pipe (37) of the full-automatic oil separation regulating tank; the oil-water separation chamber (30) and the top of the wastewater chamber (31) are provided with an integrated cover plate (38);
Wherein, a water pipeline between the first intermediate water tank (4) and the pipeline filter (6) is provided with a first intermediate water tank booster pump (12); and a second middle water tank booster pump (13) is arranged in the water conveying pipeline between the first middle water tank booster pump (12) and the walnut shell filter (9).
2. The grading treatment system for the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit according to claim 1, wherein the demulsification separation treatment unit comprises a demulsification separator tank body (7), a demulsification separator drain pipe (18), a demulsification separator oil drain pipe (19), a top feed pipe (22), a diversion cone (24), an oil-water separation membrane (25), a diversion ring (26), a diversion pipe (27) and a diversion pipe (29);
The top center of the demulsification separator tank body (7) is communicated with the top feed pipe (22); the demulsification separator is characterized in that a shunt ring (26) which is clung to the annular inner wall of the demulsification separator tank body (7) is arranged inside the demulsification separator tank body (7) and below the top feed pipe (22), and a plurality of material distributing pipes (27) are radially communicated between the discharge end of the top feed pipe (22) and the shunt ring (26); the material dividing pipe (27) is obliquely arranged; the oil-water separation film (25) is arranged below the shunt ring (26); the lower part of the oil-water separation film (25) is provided with the diversion cone (24), and the edge of the lower surface of the diversion cone (24) is in scattered communication with a plurality of diversion pipes (29) which are vertically arranged;
An oil inlet of the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe (19) is positioned right below the center of the oil-water separation film (25) and is communicated with the center of the oil-water separation film (25); an oil drain port of the demulsification separator oil drain pipe (19) extends out from the bottom of the demulsification separator tank body (7) and is connected to the waste oil barrel (14); the side wall of the lower part of the demulsification separator tank body (7) is provided with a demulsification separator drain pipe (18), and the demulsification separator drain pipe (18) is communicated with the second intermediate water tank (8).
3. The grading treatment system for the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit according to claim 2, wherein the oil-water separation membrane (25) is in a conical funnel shape, the conical surface is an oil-water separation membrane part, the conical bottom is an oil phase gathering position, and the conical bottom is provided with a guide pipe;
the flow guiding conical part (24) is a conical slope, the cone top of the flow guiding conical part is positioned right below the cone bottom of the oil-water separation film (25), and the cone top of the flow guiding conical part (24) is provided with a through hole for oil phase to pass through;
A distribution plate (23) can be sleeved at the position, close to the oil inlet, of the oil discharge pipe (19) of the demulsification separator in a sliding manner, the distribution plate (23) is positioned below the diversion cone (24), and the distribution plate (23) is provided with distribution holes; the demulsification separator oil discharge pipe (19) is arranged outside and below the distribution plate (23), and a floating ring (28) is slidably arranged; a side feeding pipe (17) is arranged on the side wall of the demulsification separator tank body (7); the side feeding pipe (17) is positioned below the guide pipe (29); an observation window (20) is formed in the side wall of the demulsification separator tank body (7); and supporting legs (21) are arranged at the bottom of the demulsification separator tank body (7).
4. The grading treatment system for the oily wastewater of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit according to claim 1, further comprising oil-separating tank oil-sludge-water real-time monitoring equipment, demulsification separator oil-sludge-water real-time monitoring equipment, a PLC control cabinet (45) and a computer (46);
The oil removal pond oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment comprises a first graduated glassware (40A), a first camera (41A), a first sampling regulating valve (42A) and a first data line (43);
The first graduated glass device (40A) and the first camera (41A) are arranged in a closed space with a uniform light source, one end of a sampling tube is communicated with a first sampling regulating valve (42A) arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit, and the other end of the sampling tube extends into the first graduated glass device (40A); the acquisition view field of the first camera (41A) faces the first graduated glass appliance (40A), and the first camera (41A) is connected with the PLC control cabinet (45) through the first data line (43);
The demulsification separator sludge water real-time monitoring device comprises a second graduated glassware (40B), a second camera (41B), a second sampling regulating valve (42B) and a second data line (44);
The second graduated glass device (40B) and the second camera (41B) are arranged in a closed space with a uniform light source, one end of a sampling tube is communicated with a second sampling regulating valve (42B) arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the demulsification separation processing unit, and the other end of the sampling tube extends into the second graduated glass device (40B); the acquisition view of the second camera (41B) faces the second graduated glassware (40B), and the second camera (41B) is connected with the PLC control cabinet (45) through the second data line (44); the PLC control cabinet (45) is connected with the computer (46).
5. A method of the hierarchical treatment system for oily wastewater of a hydraulic and hydroelectric power generating set according to any of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, oily wastewater enters a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit through pressure flow; the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit performs oil-water separation on the oil-containing wastewater, and the separated floating oil flows into the floating oil separator (3); because the water content of the floating oil is higher, the floating oil is separated by the floating oil separator (3), the separated floating oil flows into the waste oil barrel (14), and the separated waste water flows back to the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit; the wastewater separated by the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit flows into a sedimentation tank (2);
Oil-water separation is carried out through a full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, and suspended oil with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is removed;
step 2, the sedimentation tank (2) sediments the inflowing wastewater, and the supernatant in the sedimentation tank (2) overflows to the first intermediate water tank (4); the oily sludge at the lower end of the sedimentation tank (2) is discharged for resource utilization;
step 3, the wastewater in the first intermediate water tank (4) flows into a pipeline filter (6) to further remove suspended matters; the floating oil in the first intermediate water tank (4) overflows into a floating oil collecting tank (5), and the floating oil extracted by the floating oil collecting tank (5) is collected into a waste oil barrel (14);
Step 4, filtering the wastewater by a pipeline filter (6), and enabling the filtered wastewater to flow into a demulsification separation treatment unit;
step 5, the emulsion breaking and separating unit breaks emulsion of the emulsified oil in the oily sewage, breaks the tension of an emulsion oil water surface film to form fine oil particles in a free form, combines a plurality of oil particles to form visible oil clusters, realizes oil-water separation, and enables waste oil separated by the emulsion breaking and separating unit to flow into a waste oil barrel (14), and waste water separated by the emulsion breaking and separating unit flows into a second intermediate water tank (8);
After being treated by a demulsification separation treatment unit, the oil slick, dispersed oil and emulsified oil with the particle size of more than 10 mu m are removed;
Step 6, the wastewater in the second intermediate water tank (8) flows into a walnut shell filter (9);
step 7, the walnut shell filter (9) filters the inflowing wastewater, the waste oil is adsorbed on the surface of the walnut shell under the action of binding force by the oleophilic property of the surface of the walnut shell, the effect of filtering the residual oil in the wastewater is realized, and the filtered wastewater flows into the clean water tank (10);
and 8, discharging or recycling clean water in the clean water tank (10) up to the standard.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of monitoring the oil removal adjusting tank sludge water in real time and monitoring the demulsification separator sludge water in real time:
The oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of the oil separation regulating tank is used for monitoring the oil sludge water of the full-automatic oil separation regulating unit in real time, and specifically comprises the following steps: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit, collecting a waste water image of a sampling sample, analyzing the waste water image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer so that the water inlet flow rate can ensure the optimal separation effect of the full-automatic oil separation adjusting unit;
The oil sludge water of the demulsification separation treatment unit is monitored in real time through oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment of the demulsification separator, and the oil sludge water real-time monitoring equipment specifically comprises: sampling in real time from the water inlet end of the demulsification separation processing unit, collecting a wastewater image of the sampled sample, analyzing the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer, and adjusting the water inlet flow rate of the demulsification separation processing unit and the dosage of the demulsifier according to the analyzed thickness of the oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of the mud layer, so that the water inlet flow rate and the dosage of the demulsifier can ensure the optimal separation effect of the demulsification separation processing unit.
7. The method of the hierarchical treatment system for oily wastewater of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering unit according to claim 6, wherein the following method is adopted to analyze the wastewater image in real time to obtain the thickness of an oil layer and the sedimentation thickness of a mud layer:
Step 9.1, acquiring a wastewater image by using a high-definition camera;
step 9.2, carrying out Gaussian blur processing on each pixel point (x, y) in the wastewater image by adopting the following formula to obtain processed pixel points P (x, y), thereby obtaining a Gaussian blur processed wastewater image formed by a plurality of processed pixel points P (x, y), wherein the edges of an oil film, a water layer and a mud layer of the Gaussian blur processed wastewater image are clearer;
Wherein: x and y represent image coordinates of pixel points in the wastewater image, sigma is a standard deviation of a Gaussian kernel function, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: performing blurring processing by using a3×3 gaussian convolution kernel pixel point (x, y), and calculating a sigma value according to a3×3 gaussian kernel;
step 9.3, performing color space conversion on the wastewater image after Gaussian blur treatment, and converting each pixel point in the wastewater image after Gaussian blur treatment from BGR color space to HSV color space to obtain the wastewater image after color space conversion, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
Step 9.3.1, for each pixel point P (x, y), having a B-channel value, a G-channel value, and an R-channel value; taking the maximum value of the B channel value, the G channel value and the R channel value as an image brightness value V, wherein the formula is as follows: v=max (B, G, R);
in step 9.3.2, the image saturation s of the pixel P (x, y) is obtained by using the following formula:
Step 9.3.3, obtaining the hue H of the pixel point P (x, y) by adopting the following method:
Judging whether the image brightness value V obtained in the step 9.3.1 is the minimum value of the B channel value, the G channel value and the R channel value, and if so, setting the hue H to be 0; if not, the hue initial value H' is obtained by adopting the following formula:
if the initial hue value H "< 0, the hue H=H" +360, and the hue H is in the value range of (0, 360); if the initial hue value H '> 0, the hue H=H' -360 is set to be within the value range of (0, 360), thereby obtaining the hue H;
Step 9.4, determining a color range of the oil film in an HSV color space, wherein the color range comprises an oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and an oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2);
Determining a color range of a mud layer in an HSV color space, including a mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and a mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4);
Step 9.5, performing color matching on the wastewater image obtained in step 9.3 according to the oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and the oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2) determined in step 9.4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a first mask 1 is created by taking a value between an oil film low threshold color (H 1,S1,V1) and an oil film high threshold color (H 2,S2,V2), the first mask 1 is adopted to carry out color matching on the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, and a matched first mask interception area is obtained from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the first mask interception area is an oil film area extracted from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3;
According to the mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and the mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4) determined in the step 9.4, performing color matching on the wastewater image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a second mask 2 is created by taking a value between a mud layer low threshold color (H 3,S3,V3) and a mud layer high threshold color (H 4,S4,V4), the second mask 2 is adopted to carry out color matching on the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, and a matched second mask interception area is obtained from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3, wherein the second mask interception area is the mud layer area extracted from the waste water image obtained in the step 9.3;
Step 9.6, analyzing the first mask interception area, extracting to obtain an oil film profile, and analyzing the oil film profile to obtain the oil film thickness; analyzing the second mask interception area, extracting to obtain a mud layer profile, and analyzing the mud layer profile to obtain the mud layer thickness.
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