CN117713565B - Electric energy quality improving system of electrolytic hydrogen production system based on time domain iteration convergence algorithm - Google Patents
Electric energy quality improving system of electrolytic hydrogen production system based on time domain iteration convergence algorithm Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improving system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm, which comprises: a pre-stage converter; the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is connected with the pre-stage converter, the secondary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is coupled with the electrolytic tank, and the sampling control unit is configured to: by adjusting the phase difference of the diagonal tube driving signals of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter, the electrolysis current at the end of the electrolysis tank is enabledEqual to a preset electrolysis current command value; Reducing the direct current bus voltage command value according to a preset ruleIterating, and increasing the duty ratio of the circulating power according to a preset ruleIterating to enable the primary side key node current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter to meet the symmetry of the current in the half period and simultaneously enable the lost duty ratioAnd effective duty cycleThe sum is within a predetermined duty cycle range. According to the electrolytic cell load, the busbar voltage is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode through a time domain iteration convergence algorithm, so that electrolytic current ripple waves are reduced, and the problem of low power quality of the electrolytic cell under partial load can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric energy quality improving system of an electrolytic hydrogen production system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm. Is suitable for the field of electrolytic hydrogen production.
Background
The energy storage application can ensure the balance between the energy demand and the active power generation, and the fluctuation of the power grid caused by the renewable energy supply is reduced to the maximum extent. Compared with the traditional energy storage modes such as machinery, electrochemistry and the like, the hydrogen energy storage mode which is used as the high-quality secondary energy storage mode has the advantages of being high in energy density, long in storage period, high in mutual conversion efficiency of electric energy and hydrogen energy and the like.
The alkaline liquid electrolyzer is used as a direct current load, the generated hydrogen is an energy carrier of a final product, the hydrogen generation rate is in direct proportion to the average value of direct current flows of the supply electrodes, and the electrolysis current ripple can cause additional power loss, so that the electric energy quality can have a great influence on the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolyzer. At present, for a medium and small power electrolytic tank, an isolated ACDC with high transformation ratio characteristic can provide lower electrolytic current ripple, but the problem of large current ripple under partial load is still not solved effectively because the electrolytic tank voltage has a nonlinear characteristic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: aiming at the problems, the electric energy quality improving system of the electrolytic hydrogen production system based on the time domain iterative convergence algorithm is provided to reduce electrolytic current ripple and improve the problem of low electric energy quality under partial load of the electrolytic tank.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improvement system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm is characterized by comprising:
a pre-stage converter for outputting a DC bus voltage command value Outputting the corresponding DC bus voltage；
The primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is connected with the front-stage converter, and the secondary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is coupled with the electrolytic tank and is used for outputting direct-current bus voltage based on the front-stage converterSupplying power to the electrolytic cell;
A sampling control unit configured to:
by adjusting the phase difference of the diagonal tube driving signals of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter, the electrolysis current at the end of the electrolysis tank is enabled Equal to a preset electrolysis current command value；
Reducing the direct current bus voltage command value according to a preset ruleIterating, and increasing the duty ratio of the circulating power according to a preset ruleIterating to enable the primary side key node current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter to meet the symmetry of the current in the half period and simultaneously enable the lost duty ratioAnd effective duty cycleThe sum is within a predetermined duty cycle range.
The phase difference of the diagonal tube driving signals of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is adjusted so as to lead the electrolysis current at the end of the electrolysis tank to beEqual to a preset electrolysis current command valueComprising:
S1, obtaining an electrolysis current instruction value of an electrolysis tank end Initial value of effective duty cycleAnd initial value of DC bus voltage；
S2, using the initial value of the DC bus voltageControlling the output voltage of the front-stage converter to be an initial direct-current bus voltage command value;
S3, based on the electrolytic current instruction value And an initial value of effective duty cycleDetermining a driving signal of the phase-shifted full-bridge inverter to cause electrolysis current at the cell sideEqual to the electrolysis current command value。
The direct current bus voltage command value is reduced according to a preset ruleIterating, and increasing the duty ratio of the circulating power according to a preset ruleIterating to enable the primary side key node current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter to meet the symmetry of the current in the half period and simultaneously enable the lost duty ratioAnd effective duty cycleThe sum is within a preset duty cycle range, including:
s4, using the current DC bus voltage Is a direct current bus voltage command valueAnd reducing according to a preset rule to obtain a new direct current bus voltage command value；
S5, initializing the duty ratio of the circulating power；
S6, duty ratio based on circulating powerCombined with new DC bus voltage command valueAnd time domain convergence condition, calculating the lost duty cycleAnd the primary side key node current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter;
The time domain convergence condition includes:
Wherein, For the end voltage of the electrolytic cell,/>For the switching period, n is the primary-secondary side turn ratio of the transformer in the phase-shifting full-bridge converter,/>Dead time is fixed for the switching tube,/>L r is the inductance value of the primary side resonance inductance of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter;
S7, judging whether the current of the key node at the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter meets the symmetry of the current in the half period;
if yes, entering step S8;
If the duty ratio is not satisfied, the duty ratio of the circulating power is increased according to a preset rule And returns to step S6;
S8, based on lost duty cycle And an effective duty cyclePerforming duty cycle verification to judge the lost duty cycleAnd effective duty cycleWhether the sum is within a preset duty cycle range;
If the current direct current bus voltage command value is judged to be located, outputting the current direct current bus voltage command value to the front-stage converter ；
If it is determined that the position is not located, the process returns to step S4.
The current DC bus voltage isIs a direct current bus voltage command valueAnd reducing according to a preset rule to obtain a new direct current bus voltage command valueComprising:
Direct current bus voltage command value Decreasing with a preset step a.
The duty cycle based on cyclic powerCombining new direct current bus voltage command value/>And a time domain convergence condition, calculating a loss duty cycle/>And phase-shifted full-bridge converter primary side critical node current, comprising:
The primary side current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is divided into an effective duty ratio phase between t 0 and t 1, a leading bridge arm resonance phase between t 1 and t 2, a circulating power phase between t 2 and t 3, a lagging bridge arm phase between t 3 and t 4 and a duty ratio loss phase between t 4 and t 5;
Let i k be the current value corresponding to time t k, k=0, 1,2,3,4,5;
；
；
；
；
；
；
Wherein, The inductance value of the secondary side filter inductance of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter; The resonance period is the leading bridge arm resonance period; Is a lag bridge arm resonance period; is 1/4 of the resonance period, and is also the time length of the lagging bridge arm stage.
The duty ratio of the circulating power is increased according to a preset ruleComprising:
Increasing the cyclic power duty cycle by a preset step B 。
The voltage of the direct current bus is reduced by reducing a calculation formula based on the electrolytic current ripple, and the electric energy quality is improved by reducing the electrolytic current ripple;
The calculation formula of the electrolytic current ripple is as follows: ；
Wherein, Is an electrolytic current ripple.
The preset duty ratio range isWherein/>Take the value of/>，/>Take the value of/>。
For the AC power grid, the front-stage converter is a single-phase power factor corrector; for DC networking, the pre-stage converter is LLC, TAB or DAB.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the electrolytic cell load, the busbar voltage is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode through a time domain iteration convergence algorithm, so that electrolytic current ripple waves are reduced, and the problem of low power quality of the electrolytic cell under partial load can be effectively solved.
Because the hydrogen generation rate is in direct proportion to the direct current average value of the supply electrode, the invention adjusts the phase difference of the diagonal tube driving signals of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter so as to lead the electrolysis current at the end of the electrolytic tank to beEqual to a preset electrolysis current command valueThe generation rate of hydrogen is ensured.
The invention reduces the direct current bus voltage command value according to the preset ruleIterating, and increasing the duty ratio of the circulating power according to a preset ruleIterating to ensure that the current of the key node at the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter meets the symmetry of the current in the half period, and simultaneously ensuring that the duty ratio is lostAnd effective duty cycleThe sum is positioned in a preset duty ratio range, so that a proper amount of direct current bus voltage is reduced, electrolytic current ripple is reduced, electrolytic power quality under partial load of the electrolytic tank is improved, and electrolytic efficiency of the electrolytic tank is improved. Compared with the traditional maximum duty cycle tracking method, the time domain iterative convergence algorithm can regulate and control the duty cycle more accurately, and can control the voltage of the direct current bus in a more reasonable range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of an isolated cascaded ACDC converter in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase pfc according to an embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a phase-shifting full-bridge converter control in an embodiment.
Fig. 4 shows a current waveform diagram of a primary key node of the phase-shifted full-bridge converter in the embodiment.
The flow chart of the embodiment of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is an electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improving system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm, which is provided with an isolated cascading ACDC converter and a sampling control unit, wherein the isolated cascading ACDC converter comprises a front-stage converter, a phase-shifting full-bridge converter and the like.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pre-stage converter in this example adopts a single-phase power factor corrector, the input side of the single-phase power factor corrector is single-phase alternating current, the diode uncontrolled rectifying circuit converts the single-phase alternating current into direct current, and the direct current is input into a capacitorFiltering and inductanceSwitch tubeAnd diodeConstitute the boost circuit, DC bus capacitorProviding a stable input voltage for the phase-shifted full-bridge converter.
The phase-shifting full-bridge converter in this embodiment includes a full-bridge circuitDiode foil position circuitResonant inductorThree-winding high-frequency transformer and half-wave rectifying circuitAnd filter inductance。
Single phase pfc outer loop dc bus voltage management as shown in fig. 2. The single-phase power factor corrector can input an alternating current source through uncontrolled rectification and filter capacitanceConverted into direct current. Measuring DC voltage by voltage sensorAnd with reference value thereofComparing, the voltage controller adopts a proportional-integral controller to obtain the peak value of the inner loop current command value：
；
Wherein,Is a proportional-integral controller, s is a Laplacian operator,/>Is a proportionality coefficient,/>Is an integral coefficient.
The single-phase pfc current inner loop involves power factor correction, as shown in fig. 2. To reduce the harmonic content of the power grid, the current inner loop is required to force the input current to be in phase with the input voltage, the input voltage is measured and used as the phase reference of the current inductance current, and the current inner loop instruction value can be expressed as:
Measuring inductor current by means of a current sensor And with reference value thereofComparing the current error amountAs input to the proportional-integral controller, a switching tube modulated wave may be generated:
；
Wherein, In the form of a proportional-integral controller,Is a coefficient of proportionality and is used for the control of the power supply,Is an integral coefficient. The modulation wave can generate a switching tube after being modulated by the triangular carrier waveGate level driving signals of (a).
The electrolysis current is in direct proportion to the hydrogen production, and the electrolysis current is required to be controlled in order to ensure the hydrogen production and consider the influence of the later stage inertia links such as hydrogen production and hydrogen storage. As shown in FIG. 3, the electrolysis current is appliedWith the electrolytic current command valueMaking difference, obtaining phase shift duty ratio d after the current difference proportional integral controller, and then diagonally connecting the full-bridge switching tubeAndThe phase of the driving signal is shifted, and the phase difference of the driving signal of the diagonal tube isThe specific control is as follows:
；
Wherein, Is a proportional-integral controller,/>Is a proportionality coefficient,/>Is an integral coefficient.
As can be seen in fig. 4, the effective duty cycleDuring this period, the inverter side energy is converted to the secondary side, the inductor current rises, and the inductor current decreases for the rest of the time. The method is obtained according to the principle of inductance volt-second balance:
；
Wherein, For the end voltage of the electrolytic cell,/>For the switching period, n is the primary-secondary side turn ratio of the transformer,/>As an electrolytic current ripple, it can be expressed by the following formula:
；
the method is characterized in that the method is realized by combining the above-mentioned methods, and the proper reduction of the voltage of the direct current bus is helpful for reducing the ripple wave of the electrolytic current under a certain load of the electrolytic tank.
As shown in fig. 4, the phase-shifted full-bridge converter primary side current is divided into an effective duty cycle phase between times t 0 and t 1, a leading leg resonance phase at times t 1 and t 2, a circulating power phase between times t 2 and t 3, a lagging leg phase between times t 3 and t 4, and a duty cycle loss phase between times t 4 and t 5. Let i k be the current value corresponding to time t k, k=0, 1,2,3,4,5.
An effective duty cycle stage, current node:
；
；
the period of time can be expressed as: ；
Leading bridge arm resonance stage, current node: ；
Wherein, Dead time is fixed for the switching tube,/>To advance the bridge arm resonance period, it can be expressed as:；
Wherein, Parasitic capacitance for the switching tube.
The period of time can be expressed as:；
Cyclic power phase, current node: ；
Wherein, Is the cyclic power duty cycle.
The time length of the stage is as follows:；
Hysteresis bridge arm stage, resonant current node: ；
Wherein, To lag the bridge arm resonance period, it can be expressed as: /(I)；
The 1/4 of the resonance period, which is also the length of this phase, can be expressed as:；
duty cycle loss phase, current node Can be expressed as: /(I)；
Wherein,Is the cyclic power duty cycle.
The time length of the stage is as follows:
From this point of view, only the node current and the phase time length are And/>Is an unknown quantity and the remaining variables are known.
In this embodiment the time domain convergence condition,The method can be obtained by the following steps:
。
In this example, the current convergence condition, due to the symmetry of the current in the half period, needs to satisfy:
As shown in fig. 5, the sampling control unit in this embodiment is configured to reduce the electrolysis current ripple by properly reducing the dc bus voltage based on the calculation formula of the electrolysis current ripple, and improve the power quality, and specifically includes:
s1, setting bus voltage according to the maximum margin to smoothly finish the whole transition process of the converter. Obtaining an electrolytic current instruction value of an electrolytic tank end Effective duty cycle initial value/>=0.7 And dc bus voltage initial value/>；
S2, using the initial value of the DC bus voltageControlling the output voltage of the front-stage converter to be an initial direct-current bus voltage command value;
S3, based on the electrolytic current instruction value And effective duty cycle initial value/>Determining a driving signal of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter, and waiting for electrolysis current/>, at the end of the electrolysis cellEqual to the electrolysis current command value/>；
S4, collecting the current DC bus voltageAnd assigning the current DC bus voltage to the DC bus voltage command value/>Reducing the direct current bus voltage command value by a preset step length A, namely/>Iterating;
S5, direct current bus voltage command value based on iteration Initializing cyclic power duty cycle/>Cyclic power duty cycle initial value/>；
S6, duty ratio based on circulating powerCombining new direct current bus voltage command value/>And a time domain convergence condition, calculating a loss duty cycle/>And the primary side key node current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter;
s7, judging whether the current of the key node at the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter meets the symmetry of the current in the half period or not, namely, checking Whether or not to equal/>Judging whether the current reaches a convergence condition or not;
If it is Equal to/>Step S8 is carried out; if/>Not equal to/>Then increase/> with a preset step size BReturning to step S6, re-entering the iterative process until/>Equal to/>。
S8, based on lost duty cycleAnd an effective duty cyclePerforming duty cycle verification to judge the lost duty cycleAnd effective duty cycleWhether the sum is within a predetermined duty cycle rangeAnd (3) inner part.
And if the current bus voltage command value is within the range, outputting the current bus voltage command value. If the voltage is not in the range, the current direct current bus voltage is proved to be too large, the step S4 is required to be returned, and the step S is carried out again to obtain the direct current bus voltage command value meeting the condition.
In order to meet the load requirements of the vehicle,And/>Are all less than 1, at the same time,/>And/>The smaller the electrolytic current ripple, the larger the busbar voltage will be. Consider/>And/>The closer the convergence rate of the time domain iterative convergence algorithm will slow down. Therefore, a trade-off between electrolysis current ripple and convergence rate is required, for which a duty cycle range can be reserved, so/>Slightly smaller than/>. Therefore, by considering the factors and the dead time of the bridge arm device, the preset duty ratio range can be set according to the following methodMaximum value is/>，/>Usually take the value/>。
The setting of the duty cycle range in this embodiment is typically based on the dead time of the device. For MOS devices, the dead time is small, so the preset duty cycle range is typically [0.96,0.98]. For IGBT devices, the dead time is large, so the preset duty cycle range is typically [0.86,0.88].
For PWM converters, the duty cycle is lostAnd effective duty cycleA larger sum means a lower voltage and a smaller sum means a higher voltage. But in order to carry the load,And (3) withThe sum is not possible to be greater than 1, andAndThe following equation needs to be satisfied:
。
meanwhile, in order to take account of the influence of the dead zone, their upper limit is currently 0.98 (MOS) or 0.88 (IGBT) at the maximum.
In order to realize that the DC bus voltage reaches the DC bus voltage command value, the single-phase power factor corrector sets an iteration resultIs the command value of the outer loop voltage control loop.
Claims (9)
1. An electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improvement system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm is characterized by comprising:
a pre-stage converter for outputting a DC bus voltage command value Output corresponding DC bus voltage/>；
The primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is connected with the front-stage converter, and the secondary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is coupled with the electrolytic tank and is used for outputting direct-current bus voltage based on the front-stage converterSupplying power to the electrolytic cell;
A sampling control unit configured to:
by adjusting the phase difference of the diagonal tube driving signals of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter, the electrolysis current at the end of the electrolysis tank is enabled Equal to the preset electrolysis current instruction value/>；
Reducing the direct current bus voltage command value according to a preset ruleIteration is carried out, and the cyclic power duty cycle/> is increased according to a preset ruleIterating to enable the current of the key node on the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter to meet the symmetry of the current in the half period, and simultaneously enabling the lost duty ratio/>And effective duty cycle/>The sum is within a predetermined duty cycle range.
2. The system for improving the electric energy quality of the electrolytic hydrogen production system based on the time domain iterative convergence algorithm as set forth in claim 1, wherein the phase difference of the diagonal driving signals of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is adjusted so as to enable the electrolytic current at the electrolytic tank end to beEqual to the preset electrolysis current instruction value/>Comprising:
S1, obtaining an electrolysis current instruction value of an electrolysis tank end Effective duty cycle initial value/>And DC bus voltage initial value/>；
S2, using the initial value of the DC bus voltageControlling the output voltage of the front-stage converter to be an initial direct-current bus voltage command value;
S3, based on the electrolytic current instruction value And effective duty cycle initial value/>Determining a drive signal of the phase-shifted full-bridge inverter to cause electrolysis current/>, at the cell sideEqual to the electrolysis current command value/>。
3. The system for improving the power quality of the electrolytic hydrogen production system based on the time domain iterative convergence algorithm as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the command value of the direct current bus voltage is reduced according to a preset ruleIteration is carried out, and the cyclic power duty cycle/> is increased according to a preset ruleIterating to enable the current of the key node on the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter to meet the symmetry of the current in the half period, and simultaneously enabling the lost duty ratio/>And effective duty cycle/>The sum is within a preset duty cycle range, including:
s4, using the current DC bus voltage Is the direct current bus voltage command value/>And reducing according to a preset rule to obtain a new direct-current bus voltage command value/>；
S5, initializing the duty ratio of the circulating power；
S6, duty ratio based on circulating powerCombining new direct current bus voltage command value/>And a time domain convergence condition, calculating a loss duty cycle/>And the primary side key node current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter;
The time domain convergence condition includes:
；
Wherein, For the end voltage of the electrolytic cell,/>N is the primary-secondary turn ratio of the transformer in the phase-shifting full-bridge converter for the switching period,Dead time is fixed for the switching tube,/>L r is the inductance value of the primary side resonance inductance of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter;
S7, judging whether the current of the key node at the primary side of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter meets the symmetry of the current in the half period;
if yes, entering step S8;
If the duty ratio is not satisfied, the duty ratio of the circulating power is increased according to a preset rule And returns to step S6;
S8, based on lost duty cycle And effective duty cycle/>Performing duty cycle verification to judge the lost duty cycleAnd effective duty cycle/>Whether the sum is within a preset duty cycle range;
If the current direct current bus voltage command value is judged to be located, outputting the current direct current bus voltage command value to the front-stage converter ；
If it is determined that the position is not located, the process returns to step S4.
4. A system for improving the power quality of an electrolytic hydrogen production system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm as set forth in claim 3, wherein said current dc bus voltage is usedIs the direct current bus voltage command value/>And reducing according to a preset rule to obtain a new direct-current bus voltage command value/>Comprising:
Direct current bus voltage command value Decreasing with a preset step a.
5. The electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improvement system based on time domain iterative convergence algorithm as set forth in claim 3, wherein said cyclic power duty cycle based powerCombining new direct current bus voltage command value/>And a time domain convergence condition, calculating a loss duty cycle/>And phase-shifted full-bridge converter primary side critical node current, comprising:
The primary side current of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter is divided into an effective duty ratio phase between t 0 and t 1, a leading bridge arm resonance phase between t 1 and t 2, a circulating power phase between t 2 and t 3, a lagging bridge arm phase between t 3 and t 4 and a duty ratio loss phase between t 4 and t 5;
Let i k be the current value corresponding to time t k, k=0, 1,2,3,4,5;
；
；
；
；
；
；
Wherein, The inductance value of the secondary side filter inductance of the phase-shifting full-bridge converter; /(I)The resonance period is the leading bridge arm resonance period; is a lag bridge arm resonance period; /(I) Is 1/4 of the resonance period, and is also the time length of the lagging bridge arm stage.
6. The system for improving the power quality of an electrolytic hydrogen production system based on a time domain iterative convergence algorithm as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cyclic power duty cycle is increased according to a preset ruleComprising:
Increasing the cyclic power duty cycle by a preset step B 。
7. The system for improving the electric energy quality of the electrolytic hydrogen production system based on the time domain iterative convergence algorithm according to claim 3, wherein the calculation formula based on the electrolytic current ripple improves the electric energy quality by reducing the voltage of the direct current bus and reducing the electrolytic current ripple;
The calculation formula of the electrolytic current ripple is as follows: ；
Wherein, Is an electrolytic current ripple.
8. The electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improvement system based on time domain iterative convergence algorithm as set forth in claim 3, wherein said preset duty cycle range isWherein/>Take the value of/>，Take the value (/ >))。
9. The electrolytic hydrogen production system power quality improvement system based on the time domain iterative convergence algorithm according to claim 1, wherein the power quality improvement system is characterized in that: for the AC power grid, the front-stage converter is a single-phase power factor corrector; for DC networking, the pre-stage converter is LLC, TAB or DAB.
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| CN204290733U (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-04-22 | 山东鲁能智能技术有限公司 | Based on the ultra-wide output voltage range charger of LLC topology |
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