CN117695219A - 一种x射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种x射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117695219A CN117695219A CN202311698387.8A CN202311698387A CN117695219A CN 117695219 A CN117695219 A CN 117695219A CN 202311698387 A CN202311698387 A CN 202311698387A CN 117695219 A CN117695219 A CN 117695219A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种X射线响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法及其抗肿瘤应用。所述纳米胶束包括蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子、X射线响应性化学链及亲水性聚合物,采用一步纳米沉淀法自组装成纳米胶束。该纳米胶束可以被动积聚在肿瘤部位,通过X射线辐射特异性响应实现靶向蛋白降解的开启,降低肿瘤细胞目标蛋白表达。同时目标蛋白表达量的减少对X射线辐射起到放疗增敏的作用,达到协同杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果。此外,双硒链修饰及纳米组件形式掩蔽PROTAC小分子在正常组织中蛋白降解的活性,降低毒副作用,实现精准治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物化学技术领域,具体涉及一种辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
蛋白水解靶向嵌合体(Proteolysis targeting chimeras,PROTACs)可以选择性地降解蛋白质,是近年来一种很有前景的癌症治疗策略。传统的PROTAC分子由目标蛋白配体、E3泛素连接酶的配体和一个连接这两个配体的连接链组成,从而可以劫持E3连接酶和目标蛋白,使目标蛋白泛素化并通过泛素-蛋白酶体系统降解。与传统的小分子抑制剂相比,由于PROTACs具有蛋白质水解和重复利用的催化模式,它可以靶向降解传统认为不可成药的靶点,并在更低的浓度下达到理想的药理效果。虽然部分PROTACs已经进入临床试验,但相对较高的分子量和较差的溶解度可能会降低细胞通透性和肿瘤积聚,并且始终处于活性状态的分子不可避免会对正常组织中的蛋白进行水解从而引起全身毒性。近年来,许多细胞内外响应策略被用于构建可激活的PROTAC前药或智能纳米平台来控制PROTAC的激活,包括PH、酶、谷胱甘肽响应的肿瘤内部微环境刺激策略,及紫外可见光或X射线响应的外部刺激策略。
X射线辐射以其优异的时空精密度和较深的组织穿透性等优点备受关注。作为癌症的一线临床治疗方法,X射线可以损伤癌细胞的基因(DNA),影响细胞的生长和分化,即通过DNA损伤直接杀死癌细胞。X射线辐射还被广泛用于激发敏化剂产生活性氧,并触发药物从前药或纳米平台释放。但到目前为止,在PROTACs技术领域,由X射线辐射诱导PROTACs释放的报道仍少之又少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束;本发明的另一目的是提供一种X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法;本发明的另一目的是提供一种X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的应用。一方面,利用纳米胶束提高传统蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子的水溶性及生物分布。另一方面,X射线辐射不仅起到放疗作用,同时激活纳米胶束中的PROTAC分子释放,降低肿瘤细胞中目标蛋白的表达,进而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,且未经X射线辐照的纳米胶束关闭了蛋白水解活性,较大程度地避免了治疗过程中对正常组织的毒副作用。此外,肿瘤细胞内目标蛋白表达量的降低对X射线的放疗起到增敏作用。
本发明的技术方案如下,本发明提供一种X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束,所述X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束由偶联物自组装构成,该偶联物通过辐射响应性化学链共价偶联疏水性蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子和亲水性聚合物获得;所述蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子为MZ1、dBET1、dBET6、ARV-825、ARV-771中的一种或几种;所述辐射响应型化学链为包含双硒键在内的一段碳链,其两端含有羧基作为反应位点;所述亲水性聚合物为末端修饰氨基的聚乙二醇,末端修饰氨基的聚丙烯酸中的一种或几种。
上述技术方案中,X射线辐射响应的蛋白水解靶向纳米胶束包括蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子、X射线响应性化学链及亲水性聚合物,采用一步纳米沉淀法自组装成纳米胶束。该纳米胶束可以被动积聚在肿瘤部位,通过X射线辐射特异性响应实现靶向蛋白降解的开启,降低肿瘤细胞目标蛋白表达。同时目标蛋白表达量的减少对X射线辐射起到放疗增敏的作用,达到协同杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果。此外,双硒链修饰及纳米组件形式掩蔽PROTAC小分子在正常组织中蛋白降解的活性,降低毒副作用,实现精准治疗。
优选地,所述偶联物为MZ1-SeSe-PEG2000,具有如下化学结构式:
另一方面,本发明提供一种X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子利用酯化反应或酰胺化反应与含双硒键的碳链共价结合制备得到双硒链修饰的蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子
(2)将双硒链修饰的蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子与亲水性聚合物进行酰胺反应,分离提纯得到蛋白水解靶向嵌合高分子固体粉末;
(3)将蛋白水解靶向嵌合高分子固体粉末溶解在少量有机溶液中,剧烈搅拌下缓慢滴加至大量水中,经搅拌、去除有机溶剂后,得到辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束。
本发明中,X射线辐射响应的蛋白水解靶向纳米胶束通过化学反应将亲水端与疏水性的蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子连接到响应性双硒链两端,该双硒链是具有X射线响应特性的关键。其中,反应产生的蛋白水解靶向嵌合高分子具有两亲性,在剧烈搅拌下可通过亲疏水作用力自组装,形成纳米胶束。
本发明中,亲疏水作用力自组装的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向纳米胶束具有良好的亲水性和稳定性。该纳米胶束具有纳米级尺寸,可以通过高渗透长滞留效应(EPR效应)长时间聚集在肿瘤部位。当在肿瘤部位积累到一定程度时,通过外加X射线辐射,使聚集的纳米胶束的双硒键断裂生成硒酸,促进临近化学键水解,进而释放蛋白水解靶向小分子。沉积在肿瘤部位的蛋白水解靶向小分子靶向降解肿瘤部位蛋白起到治疗效果。相比于X射线辐照部位,未经X射线辐照的蛋白水解靶向小分子活性被掩蔽,无法挟持E3泛素连接酶和目标蛋白,从而降低毒副作用。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子为MZ1、dBET1、dBET6、ARV-825、ARV-771中的一种或几种。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,有机溶剂为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或乙醇中的一种或几种。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的直径为140±10nm。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子的制备方法为:
1)将E3泛素连接酶配体及催化剂溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺及二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,室温下活化完全后,加入碱及一端带有叔丁氧羰基保护的中间连接体,待反应完全后,得到化合物1;
2)将上述化合物1溶解在二氯甲烷中,添加三氟乙酸,室温搅拌下去除叔丁氧羰基保护作用暴露反应位点得到化合物2;
3)将目标蛋白配体,催化剂,化合物2及碱溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,室温下反应完全后,得到蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子。
作为优选,蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子的制备方法的步骤1)中,E3泛素连接酶配体为沙利度胺、泊马度胺或希佩尔-林道配体中的一种或几种。
作为优选,蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子的制备方法的步骤1)中,中间连接体为5,8,11-三氧杂-2-氮杂十三烷二酸-1-叔丁酯、N-(叔丁氧羰基)-1,4-丁二胺、四聚乙二醇-苯胺、N-(叔丁氧羰基)-1,8-辛二胺或5,9-二氧杂-2-氮杂十一烷二酸-1-叔丁酯中的一种或几种。
作为一优选实施例,蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子的合成包括如下步骤:E3泛素连接酶配体与催化剂溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺及二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,室温下活化1h后,加入碱及一端带有叔丁氧羰基保护的中间连接体,反应4h后,分离提纯得到化合物1;将化合物1溶解在3.5mL二氯甲烷中,搅拌下滴加1.5mL三氟乙酸,室温搅拌下反应40min去除叔丁氧羰基保护作用,暴露反应位点得到化合物2;将目标蛋白配体,催化剂,化合物2及碱溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,室温下反应4h后,得到蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,含双硒键的碳链的制备方法为:
1)将硒粉与硼氢化钠水溶液反应得到无色溶液后,再次加入硒粉得到红棕色硒钠溶液;
2)向上述溶液中加入溶解在四氢呋喃中的一端被叔丁氧羰基保护的卤代烃,加热回流反应完全后,分离提纯得到两端被叔丁氧羰基保护的含双硒键的碳链;
3)将上述产物溶解在二氯甲烷溶液中,加入三氟乙酸在室温下反应去除叔丁氧羰基保护基团,暴露反应位点,得到含双硒键的碳链。
作为优选,含双硒键的碳链的制备方法的步骤2)中,叔丁氧羰基保护的卤代烃为3-溴丙酸叔丁酯、溴乙酸叔丁酯、4-溴丁酸叔丁酯中的一种或几种。
作为一优选实施例,含双硒键的碳链的合成:将一当量硒粉与二当量硼氢化钠水溶液反应10min得到无色溶液后,再次加入一当量硒粉反应15min得到红棕色硒钠溶液;向上述溶液中加入二当量溶解在10mL四氢呋喃中的一端被叔丁氧羰基保护的卤代烃,50℃加热回流反应6h后,分离提纯得到两端被叔丁氧羰基保护的含双硒键的碳链;将上述产物溶解在3.5mL二氯甲烷溶液中,加入1.5mL三氟乙酸,在室温下反应40min去除叔丁氧羰基保护基团,暴露反应位点,得到含双硒键的碳链。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明中,蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束在温和的条件下具有稳定性不易发生解体,但在X射线辐射后,能够响应性地释放蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子,且释放量随着辐照剂量的升高而增加。蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束在进入肿瘤细胞后,在外加X射线辐射作用下,双硒键断裂,释放蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子。蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子挟持E3泛素连接酶与目标蛋白,使目标蛋白泛素化,随后被泛素-蛋白酶体系统降解。X射线通过放疗对肿瘤细胞造成DNA损伤,目标蛋白表达的降低诱导了细胞凋亡。此外,目标蛋白表达水平的降低反过来增敏了X射线对肿瘤细胞的放疗作用,三者协同作用起到了良好的治疗效果。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:
(1)与传统蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子相比,具有良好的水溶性,克服了疏水性分子溶解度差的限制,延长了作用时间;
(2)具有X射线响应特征,可以在治疗过程中定位释放,在时间和空间上具有可控性;
(3)X射线响应释放蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子用于降解目标蛋白诱导细胞死亡;
(4)避免了靶向嵌合分子始终活跃的蛋白水解性能对正常组织造成毒性,具有良好的生物安全性;
(5)释放的靶向嵌合分子降解肿瘤目标蛋白后增敏X射线放疗作用,增强抗肿瘤疗效。
附图说明
图1为本发明的X射线响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束RCNprotac的制备示意图;
图2为实施例1中MZ1的核磁共振氢谱图;
图3为实施例2中化合物5-1(n=1)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图4为实施例2中化合物5-2(n=2)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图5为实施例2中化合物5-3(n=3)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图6为实施例3中化合物7-1(n=1)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图7为实施例3中化合物7-2(n=2)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图8为实施例3中化合物7-3(n=3)的核磁共振氢谱图;
图9为实施例4中RCNprotac的动态光散射粒度分布图;
图10为实施例4中RCNprotac的透射电镜图;
图11为实施例5中RCNprotac在pH7.4的培养基(DMEM,含10%血清)条件下孵育24小时过程中的粒径分布图;
图12为实施例6中RCNprotac在不同辐照剂量下的药物释放效率示意图;
图13为实施例7中不同浓度RCNprotac经X射线辐射后对小鼠乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的毒性;
图14为实施例8中不同浓度RCNprotac接受或不接受X射线辐射的蛋白降解性能;
图15为实施例9中RCNprotac接受X射线辐射后对乳腺癌细胞的放射增敏性能;
图16为实施例10中不同组别小鼠给药后14天内小鼠的肿瘤体积随时间的变化曲线图;
图17为实施例10中不同组别小鼠给药后14天内小鼠的体重随时间的变化曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。然而应当理解,这些实施例只用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在本发明的基本原则范围内的任何补充及同等替换等内容,均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1:MZ1的合成
合成路线如下:
(1)将5,8,11-三氧杂-2-氮杂十三烷二酸-1-叔丁酯和2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N',N'-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HATU)按照摩尔比1:1.5溶解在10ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)及二氯甲烷(DCM)的混合溶剂中,室温下活化40min,随后加入1eq(2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-4-羟基-N-(4-(4-甲基噻唑-5-基)苄基)吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺(S,R,S-AHPC)和3eq N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIPEA),室温下反应4h。经柱层析色谱法纯化得到化合物1。
(2)将化合物1溶解在3.5ml二氯甲烷中,搅拌下滴加1.5ml三氟乙酸(TFA),室温下反应40min。反应完成后减压蒸馏去除溶剂得到化合物2。
(3)将1eq(6S)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H-噻吩并[3,2-F][1,2,4]噻唑并[4,3-A][1,4]二氮杂卓-6-乙酸(JQ1-COOH)及HATU以1:1.5当量溶解在DCM及DMF的混合溶液中,室温下搅拌活化1h,随后向混合溶液中加入化合物2及3eq DIPEA,室温下反应4h,经柱层析色谱法纯化得到化合物3即蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子MZ1。
MZ1的核磁共振氢谱图如图2,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:8.99(s,1H),8.64(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),8.32(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=13.1Hz,8H),5.19(s,1H),4.57(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.50(dd,J=8.0,6.2Hz,1H),4.46-4.40(m,1H),4.25(dd,J=15.8,5.6Hz,1H),3.98(s,2H),3.59(ddt,J=16.7,6.8,4.1Hz,12H),3.44(d,J=5.8Hz,2H),3.25(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.59(s,3H),2.44(s,4H),2.41(s,4H),2.06(t,J=10.4Hz,1H),1.90(td,J=8.7,5.3Hz,1H),1.63-1.60(m,3H),0.94(s,9H).
实施例2:双硒链的合成
合成路线如下:
(1)将1eq硒粉(Se)悬浮在水溶液中,在氮气氛围下将2eq硼氢化钠(NaBH4)水溶液投加到悬浮液中。室温下搅拌10min后溶液呈无色,随后再加入1eq硒粉,室温下搅拌15min得到棕红色的硒钠(Na2Se2)水溶液。将溶解了2eq溴乙酸叔丁酯/3-溴丙酸叔丁酯/4-溴丁酸叔丁酯的10ml四氢呋喃(THF)溶液滴入上述溶液中,在50℃氮气氛围下搅拌6h。粗品经过滤,DCM/水萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥得到化合物4。
其中上述步骤中,硒钠水溶液中加入溴乙酸叔丁酯,制得化合物4-1(n=1);硒钠水溶液中加入3-溴丙酸叔丁酯,制得化合物4-2(n=2);硒钠水溶液中加入4-溴丁酸叔丁酯,制得化合物4-3(n=3);
(2)将化合物4-1、化合物4-2和化合物4-3分别溶于30% TFA(V/V)的DCM溶液中,室温搅拌1h,减压蒸馏脱除溶剂后,分别得到的化合物5-1(n=1)、化合物5-2(n=2)和化合物5-3(n=3)。
化合物5-1(n=1)的核磁共振氢谱图如图3,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.49(s,2H),3.76(s,4H).
化合物5-2(n=2)的核磁共振氢谱图如图4,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.41(s,2H),3.06(t,J=7.0Hz,4H),2.72(t,J=7.0Hz,4H).
化合物5-3(n=3)的核磁共振氢谱图如图5,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.14(s,2H),2.92(t,J=7.3Hz,4H),2.33(t,J=7.3Hz,4H),1.91(t,J=7.3Hz,4H).
实施例3:化合物7(MZ1-SeSe-PEG2000)的合成
合成路线如下:
(1)将1.5eq化合物5-1和1eq 4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)溶于含DMF的无水DCM溶液中,冰浴搅拌1h。然后,依次加入1eq MZ1和2eq 1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI),缓慢恢复室温并在室温下反应24h。反应液经DCM/水萃取3次,收集有机相得到粗产物,后经柱层析色谱法纯化得到化合物6-1。
重复上述步骤,并将化合物5-1替换为化合物5-2,制得化合物6-2。
重复上述步骤,并将化合物5-1替换为化合物5-3,制得化合物6-3。
(2)1eq化合物6-1和1.5eq HATU溶于10ml DCM中,依次加入1eq mPEG2000-NH2和3eq DIPEA。室温搅拌6h后,减压蒸馏去除溶剂,粗产物溶解在二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中经DMSO和去离子水透析3天,冷冻干燥得到化合物7-1,即MZ1-SeSe-PEG2000。
重复上述步骤,并将化合物6-1替换为化合物6-2,制得化合物7-2。
重复上述步骤,并将化合物6-1替换为化合物6-3,制得化合物7-3。
化合物7-1(n=1)的核磁共振氢谱图如图6,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:8.97(s,1H),8.64(s,1H),8.25(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),7.54-7.34(m,8H),5.33(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.54-4.46(m,2H),4.43-4.34(m,1H),4.31-4.23(m,1H),3.99-3.92(m,2H),3.68(dt,J=5.1,2.8Hz,3H),3.51(s,192H),3.42(d,J=2.4Hz,4H),3.24(s,3H),2.58(d,J=2.3Hz,3H),2.53(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),2.43(d,J=4.2Hz,4H),2.40(d,J=3.4Hz,3H),2.34-2.23(m,1H),2.06-1.94(m,1H),1.61(s,3H),0.95(s,9H).
化合物7-2(n=2)的核磁共振氢谱图如图7,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:8.97(s,1H),8.61(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.00(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),7.80(s,1H),7.50-7.38(m,8H),5.34-5.30(m,1H),4.51(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.43(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.39-4.34(m,1H),4.29(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.96(s,2H),3.70-3.67(m,3H),3.51(s,192H),3.25(s,3H),3.10-3.03(m,4H),2.91(s,4H),2.59(s,4H),2.55(s,1H),2.43(s,3H),2.40(s,3H),2.07-1.97(m,2H),1.62(s,3H),0.95(s,9H).
化合物7-3(n=3)的核磁共振氢谱图如图8,核磁数据如下:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:8.98(s,1H),8.63(s,1H),8.29(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.91(s,1H),7.49(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.44-7.39(m,8H),5.31(d,J=16.1Hz,1H),4.50(s,1H),4.42(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.38(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.31-4.25(m,1H),3.96(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),3.68(dd,J=5.8,3.9Hz,3H),3.51(s,192H),3.24(s,3H),2.89(t,J=7.3Hz,4H),2.59(s,3H),2.44(s,4H),2.40(s,4H),2.18(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.00(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.94-1.88(m,4H),1.76(s,1H),1.61(s,3H),0.95(s,9H).
实施例4:RCNprotac的自组装
将2mg化合物7-1、化合物7-2和化合物7-3分别溶解在100μL DMSO中,在1000rpm的剧烈搅拌下,将DMSO混合液缓慢滴入1mL去离子水中,室温下剧烈搅拌6h完成自组装。所得混合液经4h透析去除DMSO,分别得到蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束RCNprotac(n=1)、RCNprotac(n=2)和RCNprotac(n=3)。
所得RCNprotac(n=1)、RCNprotac(n=2)和RCNprotac(n=3)分别利用动态光散射仪进行粒度表征,结果如图9所示,得到的水合粒径尺寸在140nm左右;透射电子显微镜形貌表征,结果如图10所示,RCNprotac的形貌呈球形,粒径分布均匀。
实施例5:RCNprotac(n=3)的稳定性
将100μL RCNprotac(n=3)(200μmol)稀释于pH 7.4,含有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的1.5mL DMEM中。37℃孵育后,在不同时间点(0、1、2、4、8、12、24h)用Zetasizer测定颗粒大小。
结果如图11所示,RCNprotac(n=3)在上述条件下,粒径大小无明显改变,证明该纳米胶束在正常生理环境中的稳定性。
实施例6:RCNprotac(n=3)的X射线响应情况
将经不同剂量辐照照射的RCNprotac(n=3)样品溶液密封于透析袋(2000Da)中,浸入15mL pH 7.4含30%乙醇的磷酸缓冲盐溶液溶液(PBS)释放介质中,37℃下轻摇孵育。在预定时间点取透析外液1mL,再补充1mL新鲜介质。最后对收集的透析外液采用高效液相色谱法测定MZ1的释放量。
RCNprotac(n=3)中MZ1在72小时内的释放曲线如图12所示,RCNprotac(n=3)的释放呈辐射剂量依赖性,当辐照剂量达到8Gy时,大约有51%的释放量。而在没有外加条件下,只有大约2%的释放量。证明该纳米胶束能够响应X射线辐射,释放蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子MZ1。
实施例7:不同浓度RCNprotac(n=3)经X射线辐照后对小鼠乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的毒性
采用国际通用的MTT法对材料毒性进行分析。将MDA-MB-231细胞接种于96孔板中孵育过夜。当细胞生长至70~80%汇合度时,用不同浓度的MZ1或RCNprotac的新鲜培养基代替培养基进行孵育。2h后RCNprotac(n=3)接受4Gy的X射线照射。继续孵育24h后,弃去药液,并用PBS洗去残留药液。在每孔中加入100μL MTT溶液(1mg/mL),静置4h。小心除去MTT溶液,加入200μL DMSO后充分震荡10min,用酶标仪检测各孔在490nm处的吸光度OD值,并按照如下公式计算细胞的存活率:
细胞存活率=OD Sample/OD Control×100%
不同浓度RCNprotac(n=3)对MDA-MB-231细胞的毒性如图13所示,在无辐射的情况下,RCNprotac(n=3)的细胞毒性明显降低,体现了RCNprotac(n=3)良好的生物安全性,然而,经过4Gy X射线照射后,RCNprotac(n=3)细胞活力明显下降。
实施例8:不同浓度RCNprotac(n=3)接受或不接受X射线辐射的蛋白降解性能
将MBA-MB-231肿瘤细胞接种于6孔板中,配置不同浓度的RCNprotac(n=3)培养液处理2h,并在接受0或4Gy辐照后孵育24h。孵育后,6孔板每孔加入1mL预冷的PBS洗涤两遍,加入100μL含1mM蛋白酶抑制剂苯甲磺酰氟(PMSF)的RIPA裂解缓冲液进行细胞裂解,收集裂解液至1.5mL离心管,4℃下12000g离心15min,取上清获得蛋白裂解液。然后,用BCA蛋白法测定裂解物的蛋白浓度,在100℃下变性,用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分离,转移到聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上,用5%(w/v)脱脂牛奶封闭膜2h。用一抗稀释液在4℃下孵育过夜,一抗结束后用TBST震荡洗涤三次,每次8分钟,随后在二抗稀释液中37℃孵育1h。结束后,PVDF膜用TBST洗涤三次,每次8分钟。结束后,按说明书配置ECL显影液,均匀覆盖在PVDF膜表面,并在Tanon化学发光成像系统上进行显影成像。
不同浓度RCNprotac(n=3)接受或不接受X射线辐射的蛋白降解性能如图14所示,RCNprotac(n=3)在没有辐射的情况下,由于双硒链掩蔽了MZ1的蛋白水解功能,破坏了MZ1挟持目标蛋白和E3泛素连接酶的能力,没有表现出明显的蛋白水解活性。而RCNprotac(n=3)接受4Gy剂量的X射线辐射后,双硒链断裂及临近酯键水解释放了MZ1恢复其功能,从而显著降低了肿瘤细胞BRD4水平,并呈RCNprotac(n=3)给药剂量依赖性。说明RCNprotac(n=3)可以被X射线激活释放蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子MZ1进而降解BRD4蛋白。
实施例9:RCNprotac(n=3)接受X射线辐射后对乳腺癌细胞的放射增敏性
将MBA-MB-231肿瘤细胞接种于96孔板中,用1μM RCNprotac(n=3)处理后接受4GyX射线照射。孵育4h后,用PBS洗涤细胞,在室温每孔下加入100μL 4%多聚甲醛溶液固定细胞15min,PBS洗涤一次细胞后用100%冷冻甲醇在4℃下孵育通透10min。PBS洗涤后用含1%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的PBS缓冲液在37℃下封闭细胞30min。随后每孔加入100μL抗磷酸化组蛋白γH2AX抗体溶液37℃下孵育1h。孵育结束后,用含0.05%Tween-20的PBS(PBST)洗涤三次,用100μL异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)偶联液在37℃下孵育1h。在PBST洗涤缓冲液中洗涤后,用4',6-二脒基-2苯基吲哚(DAPI)孵育10min进行反染色。最后用PBST洗涤三次后加入200μL PBS溶液在Nikon荧光显微镜下对免疫荧光染色进行可视化和拍照。
RCNprotac(n=3)接受X射线辐射后对乳腺癌细胞的放射增敏性能如图15所示,RCNprotac(n=3)单独处理对γH2AX表达无影响。细胞单独接受4Gy X射线照射时显示出γH2AX阳性中心的生成。然而,RCNprotac(n=3)接受X射线照射后形成了更多的γH2AX阳性中心,且绿色荧光强度显著高于单纯接受X射线辐射或RCNprotac的细胞。说明RCNprotac(n=3)被X射线激活后可以提高MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞对辐射的放射敏感性。
实施例10:X射线响应型RCNprotac(n=3)对荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤效果
选用五周的雌性Balb/c裸鼠,将小鼠置于25℃温度控制的环境中,光照-黑暗12h循环。在裸鼠右腿皮下注射8×106的MDA-MB-231细胞,以建立肿瘤模型。接种后16天肿瘤体积达到100mm3时,随机分为4组(每组5只)进行给药。尾静脉注射200μL RCNprotac(n=3),对照组尾静脉注射等体积的PBS缓冲液,注射后12h,对小鼠肿瘤部位进行1Gy剂量的X射线辐射,小鼠身体其余部位用铅屏蔽。每2天监测肿瘤体积和体重进行肿瘤评估。其中,肿瘤体积测量方法为:用游标卡尺测量肿瘤最长长度记为A(单位mm),与A垂直方向的肿瘤长度为B(单位mm),肿瘤体积计算公式如下:
V(肿瘤)=A×B×B/2
不同组别小鼠给药后14天内小鼠的肿瘤体积随时间的变化曲线如图16所示,与PBS组相比,单纯RCNprotac(n=3)没有显著的抑瘤效果,单纯X射线辐照对小鼠肿瘤有轻微抑制,研究期间肿瘤体积缩小24.28%。相比之下,接受RCNprotac与X射线辐射的小鼠肿瘤被显著抑制,肿瘤体积减少92.61%。
不同组别小鼠给药后14天内小鼠的体重随时间的变化曲线图如图17所示,在整个治疗期间,小鼠体重无明显降低的趋势,表明此纳米胶束对小鼠身体无明显损伤。
Claims (10)
1.一种X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束,其特征在于,所述X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束由偶联物自组装构成,该偶联物通过辐射响应性化学链共价偶联疏水性蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子和亲水性聚合物获得;所述蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子为MZ1、dBET1、dBET6、ARV-825、ARV-771中的一种或几种;所述辐射响应型化学链为包含双硒键在内的一段碳链,其两端含有羧基作为反应位点;所述亲水性聚合物为末端修饰氨基的聚乙二醇,末端修饰氨基的聚丙烯酸中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束,其特征在于,所述偶联物为MZ1-SeSe-PEG2000,具有如下化学结构式:
3.一种根据权利要求1-2中任一所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子利用酯化反应或酰胺化反应与含双硒键的碳链共价结合制备得到双硒链修饰的蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子;
(2)将上述步骤中得到的双硒链修饰的蛋白水解靶向嵌合分子与亲水性聚合物进行酰胺反应,分离提纯得到蛋白水解靶向嵌合高分子固体粉末;
(3)将蛋白水解靶向嵌合高分子固体粉末溶解在少量有机溶液中,剧烈搅拌下缓慢滴加至大量水中,经搅拌、去除有机溶剂后,得到辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束。
4.根据权利要求3所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子的制备方法为:
1)将E3泛素连接酶配体及催化剂溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺及二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,室温下活化完全后,加入碱及一端带有叔丁氧羰基保护的中间连接体,待反应完全后,得到化合物1;
2)将上述化合物1溶解在二氯甲烷中,添加三氟乙酸,室温搅拌下去除叔丁氧羰基保护作用暴露反应位点得到化合物2;
3)将目标蛋白配体,催化剂,化合物2及碱溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,室温下反应完全后,得到蛋白水解靶向嵌合小分子。
5.根据权利要求3所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,含双硒键的碳链的制备方法为:
1)将硒粉与硼氢化钠水溶液反应得到无色溶液后,再次加入硒粉得到红棕色硒钠溶液;
2)向上述溶液中加入溶解在四氢呋喃中的一端被叔丁氧羰基保护的卤代烃,加热回流反应完全后,分离提纯得到两端被叔丁氧羰基保护的含双硒键的碳链;
3)将上述产物溶解在二氯甲烷溶液中,加入三氟乙酸在室温下反应去除叔丁氧羰基保护基团,暴露反应位点,得到含双硒键的碳链。
6.根据权利要求3所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中有机溶剂为二甲亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或乙醇。
7.根据权利要求4所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,E3泛素连接酶配体为沙利度胺、泊马度胺或希佩尔-林道配体。
8.根据权利要求3所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,中间连接体为5,8,11-三氧杂-2-氮杂十三烷二酸-1-叔丁酯、N-(叔丁氧羰基)-1,4-丁二胺、四聚乙二醇-苯胺、N-(叔丁氧羰基)-1,8-辛二胺或5,9-二氧杂-2-氮杂十一烷二酸-1-叔丁酯。
9.根据权利要求5所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,一端被叔丁氧羰基保护的卤代烃为溴乙酸叔丁酯、3-溴丙酸叔丁酯、4-溴丁酸叔丁酯中的一种或几种。
10.一种根据权利要求1-2中任一所述的X射线辐射响应型蛋白水解靶向嵌合纳米胶束在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
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