CN117686430A - High-precision flexography intelligent detection method for wide-width color flexography pre-printing corrugated case - Google Patents
High-precision flexography intelligent detection method for wide-width color flexography pre-printing corrugated case Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000007647 flexography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 206010047513 Vision blurred Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application relates to a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography corrugated case, which comprises the following steps of: s1, polishing a printing surface of a corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board, obtaining a printing surface image, identifying a bright and dark area, and correspondingly calculating plane coordinates of a convex part and a concave part of the printing surface; s2, irradiating the corrugated board with color light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board to form a primary color light region right above the corrugated board, acquiring a printing surface image of the primary color light region, comparing the primary color light region with a standard image to obtain a printing defect type, and when image comparison and identification are carried out, mainly comparing the plane coordinate regions of the convex and concave parts. According to the method, the primary color light region is arranged for image acquisition and identification, so that the phenomenon of blurring of the corrugated board background and the printed pattern edge caused by diffuse reflection can be reduced, the contrast ratio of the corrugated board background and the printed pattern edge is clearer, and the identification is easy; and the printing surface of the corrugated board is polished on the side edge of the corrugated board in advance, so that the defects of plate pasting, unclear imprinting and the like can be quickly identified by an image identification system.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of printing detection, in particular to a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography preprinted corrugated case.
Background
High-precision flexography of corrugated boxes is a technique for printing using flexography, also known as flexography or flexography. The printing mode is increasingly widely used in the corrugated paper industry, particularly in the case of high definition, high color rendition and long-plate printing. High-precision flexography is characterized in that the printing is performed by using water-based ink and a flexible plate material through a computer-to-plate technology. The water-based ink has low viscosity, high color saturation and high adaptability to paperboards, so that the printing effect is excellent. In addition, the printing precision of high-precision flexography is high, and overprinting is accurate, can satisfy the printing demand of various fine patterns and characters.
The Chinese patent with publication number of CN103792239A in the related art provides a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography pre-printing corrugated case, which comprises the following steps: high-precision flexography intelligent detection: the printing pattern of the corrugated board with the preset size is obtained through a high-precision flexible printing intelligent detection system arranged at the front end of a paper cutter on a corrugated board laminating line, the collected image is compared with a standard image through system configuration software, abnormal parts are automatically displayed, different alarm modes are set according to defect types, and the abnormal defect board exceeding the set standard is marked and coded, so that the detection precision standard of different defect types can be set manually; and (3) throwing and cutting the paperboard: the continuous paper board is thrown and cut into single paper boards with required sizes by utilizing a photoelectric induction technology; reject: the waste products marked and coded are singly removed by utilizing an automatic coding waste removing device, enter a waste product assembly line through a sorting cylinder and are orderly stacked, and meanwhile, the alarm is given and details are recorded; the finished paper board automatically advances along the original path, enters an automatic stacking device, and is stacked and transferred to the next working procedure.
The related art in the above has the following drawbacks: when the visual inspection is carried out by an industrial camera, the brightness of the pattern is usually required to be improved by lighting, so that the inspection and identification accuracy is ensured, but the diffuse reflection can occur when the light irradiates on the corrugated board due to the rough surface of the corrugated board, and the identification of the color pattern can be interfered; moreover, as the corrugated board must use pit paper to maintain hardness and thickness, the edge shape of the pit paper can lead to the formation of small-area unevenness of the surface paper of the corrugated board, the raised part of the surface paper is easy to paste, the recessed part of the surface paper is easy to generate incomplete inking, so that printing marks are unclear, the comparison calculation process is complicated when image recognition is carried out, the calculation amount is large, and the quantity of detected printed matters in unit time is small.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that diffuse reflection on the surface of a corrugated board is serious and an uneven area possibly exists to influence the calculation speed of a visual recognition system, the application provides a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography pre-printing corrugated carton.
The application provides a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography corrugated case, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography corrugated case comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing a printing surface of a corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board, obtaining a printing surface image, identifying a bright and dark area, and correspondingly calculating plane coordinates of a convex part and a concave part of the printing surface;
s2, irradiating the corrugated board with color light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board to form a primary color light zone right above the corrugated board, acquiring a printing surface image of the primary color light zone, comparing the primary color light zone with a standard image to obtain a printing defect type, and when comparing and identifying the image, mainly comparing the plane coordinate areas of the convex and concave parts in the step S1.
Furthermore, in the step S2, the spectrophotometer detects the color value of each corrugated board primary color in real time, and inputs the color value to the first RGB color lamp to emit the color light with the same color as the corrugated board color.
Further, the spectrophotometer calculates the contrast color chromaticity value after detecting the primary color chromaticity value of the corrugated board, and inputs the contrast color chromaticity value to the second RGB colored lamp to emit colored light with contrast color with the color of the corrugated board so as to polish the printing surface of the corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board to form a contrast colored light area.
Further, the following formula is used in calculating the comparative chromaticity value:
[R 1 ,G 1 ,B 1 ]=[255-R 0 ,255-G 0 ,255-B 0 ];
wherein [ R 1 ,G 1 ,B 1 ]Is a contrast color value;
[R 0 ,G 0 ,B 0 ]is the primary color chromaticity value.
Furthermore, the primary color light area and the contrast color light area are partially overlapped to form a white light area, a printing surface image in the white light area is obtained and compared with a standard image, and the areas of the primary color light area, the contrast color light area and the white light area are not smaller than the printing surface pattern area of the corrugated board;
and comparing the white light region to obtain an image only when the primary color light region does not detect abnormal printing in the convex and concave part plane coordinate regions in the step S1.
Furthermore, in the step S1, three non-collinear mark points are marked on the corrugated board to construct a planar coordinate system, and in the step S2, the planar coordinate system is first identified and then the planar coordinate areas of the convex and concave parts in the step S1 are determined when the image contrast identification is performed.
Still further, the three marking points are located on an origin, an x-axis and a y-axis of the planar coordinate system, respectively.
Further, the first RGB color lamp is a ring light source, and the second RGB color lamp is a bar light source.
In summary, the beneficial technical effects of the application are:
1. the color difference of reflected light can be reduced by irradiating the corrugated board with the color light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board to form a primary color light zone right above the corrugated board, and the phenomenon of blurred vision of the edge of the corrugated board background and the printed pattern caused by diffuse reflection of the surface of the corrugated board can be effectively reduced, so that the contrast of the corrugated board background and the color printed pattern is clearer, the details of the printed pattern on the corrugated board can be more easily captured by a CCD industrial camera, and when the printed pattern is compared and identified by an image identification system, the printing defects such as missing printing, blurring and the like at the edge part of the printed pattern can be more easily identified, thereby improving the detection precision;
2. polishing the side edge of the corrugated board to the printing surface of the corrugated board in advance, forming a bright area on the convex part of the corrugated board and forming a dark area on the side of the corrugated board away from the light source; the dark area is formed at the concave part of the corrugated board, and under the effect of contrast color light illumination, the contrast color light is in sharp contrast with the color of the corrugated board, so that the visual effect is enhanced, uneven parts on the printing surface of the corrugated board are more prominent, the CCD industrial camera can more clearly capture and detect the boundaries of the bright area of the convex part, the dark area of the concave part and the normal area of the flat part on the printing surface of the corrugated board, the image recognition system can conveniently and rapidly recognize the defects of plate pasting, unclear imprinting and the like, the recognition speed and accuracy can be obviously improved, the calculation amount of the image processing system is reduced, and the requirement of the corrugated board on printing quality detection under high-speed printing can be met;
3. by means of the characteristic that two kinds of chromatic light in the primary color light area and the contrast color light area are contrast colors, white light with chromatic value of 255,255 and 255 can be formed after the two are overlapped, so that the three-partition independent specific color light irradiation detection effect of the contrast color light area, the white light area and the primary color light area can be realized by only arranging the first RGB color lamp and the second RGB color lamp, the detection of the corrugated board surface flatness, the image recognition of the corrugated board under the same color illumination and the image recognition recheck under the contrast color illumination can be realized, and the accuracy of the detection result of the corrugated board printing quality is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a sensing element distribution in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. primary color light regions; 11. a first RGB color lamp;
2. comparing the colored light areas; 21. a second RGB color lamp;
3. a white light region;
4. CCD industrial camera.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiment of the application discloses a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide-width color flexography pre-printing corrugated case. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for a wide color flexography corrugated case comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing a printing surface of a corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board, obtaining a printing surface image, identifying a bright and dark area, and correspondingly calculating plane coordinates of a convex part and a concave part of the printing surface; specifically, only one side of the corrugated board is irradiated by high-brightness lamplight, and the irradiation direction is parallel to the printing surface of the corrugated board; the CCD industrial camera 4 is used for acquiring the image of the printing surface, and an image processing system is used for recognizing the bright area and the dark area after gray processing, and determining the plane coordinate point of each area.
S2, irradiating the corrugated board with color light with the same color as that of the corrugated board to form a primary color light zone 1 right above the corrugated board, acquiring a printing surface image of the primary color light zone 1, comparing the printing surface image with a standard image to obtain a printing defect type, and when comparing and identifying the image, mainly comparing the plane coordinate areas of the convex and concave parts in the step S1; similarly, the CCD industrial camera 4 is used for acquiring the image of the printing surface in the primary color light zone 1, and the image processing system is used for comparing and identifying the acquired image with the standard image to judge the printing defect.
After the arrangement, the corrugated board is irradiated with the chromatic light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board to form the primary color light zone 1, the color difference of reflected light can be reduced in the primary color light zone 1 compared with the common white light source irradiation of the corrugated board, and the phenomenon that the sight line between the corrugated board background and the edge of the printed pattern is blurred due to diffuse reflection on the surface of the corrugated board can be effectively reduced, so that the contrast ratio between the corrugated board background and the color printed pattern is clearer, the details of the printed pattern on the corrugated board can be captured more easily by the CCD industrial camera 4, and the printing defects such as the leakage, the blurring and the like at the edge part of the printed pattern can be recognized more easily when the image recognition system performs the contrast recognition of the printed pattern, thereby improving the detection precision.
When light irradiates the uneven surface of the corrugated board, the reflection angle and path of the light can be changed due to the uneven surface. In the convex part of the corrugated board, light rays can be directly reflected back to the direction of the light source to form a bright area, and a dark area is formed on one side of the corrugated board, which is away from the light source; and in the sunken part of corrugated board, light can be scattered or reflected to other directions for this position forms the dark space, thereby after the corrugated board top acquires the image, carry out grey scale processing with image processing system and can discern bright region and dark space on the corrugated board, can confirm the plane coordinate point position of each bright region and dark space according to the image location of acquireing, in the image contrast discernment at rear again, the preferential discernment is this bright region and dark space, can discern defects such as being burnt up, the print is unclear fast, can show improvement recognition rate and degree of accuracy, thereby reduce image processing system's calculated amount, can satisfy corrugated board and print the demand to the quality detection under again high-speed printing.
In a specific setting, referring to fig. 1 and 2, in step S2, each corrugated board primary color chromaticity value is detected in real time by a spectrophotometer, and is input to the first RGB color lamp 11 to emit the same color as the corrugated board color, so as to form a primary color zone; and the spectrophotometer detects the primary color chromaticity value of the corrugated board and then calculates the contrast color chromaticity value thereof, and the contrast color chromaticity value is input into the second RGB colored lamp 21 to emit colored light which is in contrast with the color of the corrugated board so as to polish the printing surface of the corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board to form a contrast colored light region 2.
After setting up like this, when detecting the unsmooth portion on the corrugated container board printing face, place corrugated container board in and be contrast chromatic light district 2 that contrast color was compared with corrugated container board colour and carry out image acquisition, because the contrast effect of colour, contrast chromatic light forms sharp contrast with corrugated container board's colour, the visual effect has been strengthened for unsmooth position can be more outstanding on the corrugated container board printing face, thereby CCD industrial camera 4 can more clearly catch the border of detecting the bright zone of bellying on the corrugated container board printing face, the dark zone of depressed part and the normal zone of plain portion, make things convenient for image recognition system to accurately discern the defect such as the burnt version of unsmooth portion department on the corrugated container board printing face, the print is unclear.
The spectrophotometer can also identify the real chromaticity value of the corrugated board in real time, and the first RGB colored lamps 11 and the second RGB colored lamps 21 are controlled with the spectrophotometer in a follow-up mode, so that the effects of real-time photometry and real-time dimming can be achieved, and even if the corrugated board has different production batches and different colors or chromaticities, the printing quality detection can be adaptively adjusted.
Meanwhile, considering that the background of the corrugated board in the primary color light region 1 can be brightened, the contrast effect with the printed pattern can be improved, but the visibility of some shallow printed patterns can be weakened when the first RGB color lamp 11 emits the color light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board and irradiates on the uneven part of the corrugated board, especially when the color of the shallow printed patterns is close to or the same color system as the color of the corrugated board, the CCD industrial camera 4 can hardly clearly absorb the boundary between the shallow printed patterns and the background of the corrugated board, the shallow printed part of the printed patterns and the shallow printed part caused by the printing defect can be difficultly distinguished, and the situation that the image recognition system can cause erroneous judgment of the printing defect or even missed judgment of the shallow printed defect when the standard image is compared can be caused.
Thus, the following formula is used in calculating the comparative chromaticity value:
[R 1 ,G 1 ,B 1 ]=[255-R 0 ,255-G 0 ,255-B 0 ];
wherein [ R 1 ,G 1 ,B 1 ]Is a contrast color value; [ R ] 0 ,G 0 ,B 0 ]Is the primary color chromaticity value.
And referring to fig. 2, the primary color light area 1 and the contrast color light area 2 are partially overlapped to form a white light area 3, a printed surface image in the white light area 3 is obtained and compared with a standard image, the areas of the primary color light area 1, the contrast color light area 2 and the white light area 3 are not smaller than the corrugated board printed surface pattern area, when the corrugated board is actually arranged, the contrast color light area 2, the white light area 3 and the primary color light area 1 are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the corrugated board, the first RGB color lamp 11 is positioned right above the primary color light area 1, the second RGB color lamp 21 traverses the contrast color light area 2 and the white light area 3 and is arranged at the side, the first RGB color lamp 11 is an annular light source, and the second RGB color lamp 21 is a strip light source.
And the image recognition system can only compare the acquired image in the white light area 3 when the printing abnormality is not detected in the plane coordinate areas of the protruding and recessed parts in the primary color light area 1 in the step S1, that is, the CCD industrial camera 4 positioned above the white light area 3 captures the image and stores the captured image in the memory, and when the acquired image in the white light area 3 needs to be compared, the image recognition system can retrieve the acquired image from the memory and perform comparison recognition.
After the arrangement, by means of the characteristic that two kinds of chromatic light in the primary color light area 1 and the contrast color light area 2 are mutually contrast colors, white light with the chromaticity value of [255,255 ] can be formed after the two kinds of chromatic light are overlapped, so that the three-partition independent specific-color light irradiation detection effect of the contrast color light area 2, the white light area 3 and the primary color light area 1 can be realized by only arranging the first RGB color lamp 11 and the second RGB color lamp 21, the detection of the corrugated board surface flatness, the image recognition of the corrugated board under the same-color illumination and the image recognition rechecking under the contrast color illumination can be realized, and the accuracy of the detection result of the corrugated board printing quality is greatly improved.
In addition, in order to increase the speed of the image recognition system in recognizing the rugged portion of the printing area on the corrugated board, three non-collinear mark points are marked on the corrugated board in the step S1 to construct a plane coordinate system, the plane coordinate system is recognized first in the step S2 for image comparison recognition, then the plane coordinate areas of the raised and recessed portions in the step S1 are determined, and the three mark points are respectively located on the origin, the x axis and the y axis of the plane coordinate system. In a specific arrangement, the corrugated board can be sprayed with ink to mark the mark points, and the ink used can be fluorescent ink, and particularly can be fluorescent ink with obvious color development in the primary color light zone 1.
In this way, by means of the arrangement of fluorescent ink, three marking points are invisible visually, but the color development is obvious in the primary color light region 1, so that the CCD industrial camera 4 can conveniently and clearly acquire a plane coordinate system, the image recognition system is simpler and quicker in recognizing and determining the coordinates of the uneven parts of the printing region, and even if corrugated boards slightly deviate in the transmission process, the accurate positioning of the uneven parts is not affected.
The implementation principle of the high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for the wide-width color flexography corrugated case provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows:
the color difference of reflected light can be reduced by irradiating the corrugated board with the color light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board to form the primary color light zone 1 right above the corrugated board, and the phenomenon that the sight line between the corrugated board background and the edge of the printed pattern is fuzzy due to diffuse reflection on the surface of the corrugated board can be effectively reduced, so that the contrast between the corrugated board background and the color printed pattern is clearer, the details of the printed pattern on the corrugated board can be captured more easily by the CCD industrial camera 4, and when the image recognition system performs the contrast recognition of the printed pattern, the printing defects such as the skip printing, the blurring and the like at the edge part of the printed pattern can be recognized more easily, thereby the detection precision can be improved.
In addition, the side of the corrugated board is polished to the printing surface in advance, and the light rays can be directly reflected back to the direction of the light source to form an open area and a dark area is formed on one side of the corrugated board, which is away from the light source; and in the sunken part of corrugated board, light can be scattered or reflected to other directions for this position forms the dark space, thereby after the corrugated board top acquires the image, carry out grey scale processing with image processing system and can discern bright region and dark space on the corrugated board, can confirm the plane coordinate point position of each bright region and dark space according to the image location of acquireing, in the image contrast discernment at rear again, the preferential discernment is this bright region and dark space, can discern defects such as being burnt up, the print is unclear fast, can show improvement recognition rate and degree of accuracy, thereby reduce image processing system's calculated amount, can satisfy corrugated board and print the demand to the quality detection under again high-speed printing.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description and in the claims, are not used for any order, quantity, or importance, but are used for distinguishing between different elements. The terms "a" or "an" and the like do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, is intended to mean that elements or items that are present in front of "comprising" or "comprising" are included in the word "comprising" or "comprising", and equivalents thereof, without excluding other elements or items. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. are used merely to denote relative positional relationships, which may also change accordingly when the absolute position of the object to be described changes.
The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.
Claims (8)
1. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography preprinted corrugated case is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, polishing a printing surface of a corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board, obtaining a printing surface image, identifying a bright and dark area, and correspondingly calculating plane coordinates of a convex part and a concave part of the printing surface;
s2, irradiating the corrugated board with color light with the same color as the color of the corrugated board to form a primary color light region (1) right above the corrugated board, acquiring a printing surface image of the primary color light region (1), comparing the primary color light region with a standard image to obtain a printing defect type, and when comparing and identifying the image, mainly comparing the plane coordinate regions of the convex and concave parts in the step S1.
2. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography corrugated case according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, each corrugated board primary color chromaticity value is detected in real time by a spectrophotometer and is input into a first RGB color lamp (11) to emit color light with the same color as the corrugated board color.
3. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography preprinted corrugated cases according to claim 2, wherein the spectrophotometer calculates the contrast color chromaticity value of the corrugated board after detecting the primary color chromaticity value of the corrugated board, and inputs the contrast color chromaticity value into the second RGB color lamp (21) to emit the color light which is in contrast with the color of the corrugated board so as to polish the printing surface of the corrugated board at the side edge of the corrugated board to form a contrast color light zone (2).
4. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography corrugated case according to claim 3, wherein the following formula is used for calculating the contrast color value:
[R 1 ,G 1 ,B 1 ]=[255-R 0 ,255-G 0 ,255-B 0 ];
wherein [ R 1 ,G 1 ,B 1 ]Is a contrast color value;
[R 0 ,G 0 ,B 0 ]is the primary color chromaticity value.
5. The high-precision flexography intelligent detection method for the wide-width color flexography corrugated case according to claim 1, wherein a primary color light area (1) and a contrast color light area (2) are partially overlapped to form a white light area (3), a printing surface image in the white light area (3) is obtained and compared with a standard image, and the areas of the primary color light area (1), the contrast color light area (2) and the white light area (3) are not smaller than the printing surface pattern area of the corrugated case;
and comparing the white light area (3) to obtain an image only when the primary color light area (1) does not detect abnormal printing in the convex and concave part plane coordinate areas in the step S1.
6. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography pre-printing corrugated case according to claim 1, wherein three non-collinear mark points are marked on the corrugated case in the step S1 to construct a plane coordinate system, and the plane coordinate system is firstly identified when the image contrast identification is carried out in the step S2, and then the plane coordinate areas of the convex and concave parts in the step S1 are determined.
7. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography corrugated case, as recited in claim 6, wherein three marking points are respectively positioned on the origin, the x axis and the y axis of the planar coordinate system.
8. The intelligent high-precision flexography detection method for the wide-width color flexography corrugated case according to claim 3, wherein the first RGB color lamps (11) are annular light sources, and the second RGB color lamps (21) are strip light sources.
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