CN117686331A - Tensile test device and method for synchronously applying out-of-plane and out-of-plane loads - Google Patents
Tensile test device and method for synchronously applying out-of-plane and out-of-plane loads Download PDFInfo
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- CN117686331A CN117686331A CN202311651446.6A CN202311651446A CN117686331A CN 117686331 A CN117686331 A CN 117686331A CN 202311651446 A CN202311651446 A CN 202311651446A CN 117686331 A CN117686331 A CN 117686331A
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of static force tests of structural members, and relates to a tensile test device and a tensile test method for synchronously applying in-plane and out-of-plane loads, wherein a structural member is mounted on a test piece connecting plate by a fixing bolt and a pressing plate, and is locked by a nut; the bottom plate is connected with the clamping rod, the steering loading plate is connected with the central hole of the structural member through a loading bolt, and the upper end of the steering loading plate is connected with the double fork through a joint bearing; the number of the angle adjusting rods is 4, the number of the embedded threaded sleeves is two, and the number of the fastening nuts is two; two angle adjusting rods on one side are respectively connected with an embedded thread bush, and the embedded thread bush is fixed on the bottom plate; the two angle adjusting rods on the other side are respectively connected with a fastening nut, and the fastening nuts are fixed on the bottom plate, so that the synchronous loading of the in-plane load and the out-of-plane load of the aircraft connecting structural member can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of static force tests of structural members, and relates to a tensile test device and a tensile test method for synchronously applying in-plane and out-of-plane loads.
Background
In the course of tensile testing of some aircraft typical site detail, in-plane and out-of-plane loads are often encountered. In the traditional method, the out-of-plane load usually forms a certain included angle with the loading surface, so that a more complex connecting tool is required to be installed at the loading point to ensure the loading angle, and meanwhile, the in-plane load is required to be connected with the tool to ensure the loading in the direction. Although the method can basically meet the basic requirements of in-plane and out-of-plane load loading, the problems of complex loading tool, complicated installation and debugging steps, inaccurate out-of-plane load loading angle, difficult out-of-plane and in-plane load loading and the like exist, the accumulation of the problems can directly influence the accuracy of measured test data, and the measured test data and real data have larger errors, so that the test fails finally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the invention provides a tensile test device and a tensile test method for synchronously applying in-plane and out-of-plane loads, which can realize synchronous loading of in-plane and out-of-plane loads of an aircraft connecting structural member, can effectively solve the problem of asynchronous loading of in-plane and out-of-plane loads, can accurately control the included angle between the out-of-plane loads and loading surfaces, accurately acquire stress and strain data of the structural member, and effectively ensure the reliability of a test.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a tensile test apparatus for simultaneous out-of-plane loading, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a double fork 1, a knuckle bearing 2, a steering loading plate 3, a loading bolt 4, a fixing bolt 5, a test piece connecting plate 6, an angle adjusting rod 7, an embedded thread bush 8, a fastening nut 9, a pressing plate 10, a clamping rod 11 and a bottom plate 12;
the fixing bolt 5 and the pressing plate 10 are used for installing a structural part on the test piece connecting plate 6 and locking the structural part by nuts; the bottom plate 12 is connected with the clamping rod 11, the steering loading plate 3 is connected with a central hole of a structural member through a loading bolt 4, and the upper end of the steering loading plate 3 is connected with the double fork 1 through a knuckle bearing 2;
the number of the angle adjusting rods 7 is 4, the number of the embedded threaded sleeves 8 is two, and the number of the fastening nuts 9 is two;
two angle adjusting rods 7 on one side are respectively connected with an embedded thread bush 8, and the embedded thread bush 8 is fixed on a bottom plate 12;
the two angle adjusting rods 7 on the other side are respectively connected with a fastening nut 9, and the fastening nut 9 is fixed on a bottom plate 12.
Furthermore, the number of the pressing plates 10 is 4, the two pressing plates are long and short, the pressing plates are matched with the long and wide edges of the test piece connecting plate 6, a set of tight connection test tool is formed together, and the structural parts are clamped and fixed.
Further, elliptical long holes are drilled on the 4 corners of the bottom plate 12 respectively for adjusting the positions of the angle adjusting rod 7 and the embedded thread bush 8, so that the range of the normal included angle between the plane formed by the in-plane load and the out-of-plane load of the structural member and the flat plate becomes larger.
Further, two ears are respectively arranged on two sides of the test piece connecting plate 6, and the ears are respectively connected with a ball head single ear at one end of the angle adjusting rod 7.
Further, the structural component is a connecting structural component of the motor frame and the airplane frame.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for mounting a tensile test apparatus in which out-of-plane loads are simultaneously applied, the method comprising:
symmetrically drilling holes on a test piece connecting plate 6 and a pressing plate 10 by using a drilling machine, pressing and fixing a structural member on the surface of the test piece connecting plate 6, drilling 10 connecting holes according to the mounting holes on the test piece connecting plate 6, mounting the structural member on the test piece connecting plate 6 by using a fixing bolt 5 and the pressing plate 10, and locking by using a nut;
connecting a bottom plate 12 with a clamping rod 11, and fixing the threaded ends of the angle adjusting rod 7 and the embedded thread bush 8 in an elliptical long hole of the bottom plate 12;
connecting the 4 ears on the two sides of the test piece connecting plate 6 with the bottom plate 12 through a ball head single ear at one end of the angle adjusting rod 7, placing a level on the surface of the test piece connecting plate 6, adjusting the angle adjusting rod 7, and locking the fastening nut 9 when the preset included angle between the structural member and the bottom plate 12 is reached;
the steering loading plate 3 is connected with a central hole of a structural member through a loading bolt 4, and the upper end of the steering loading plate 3 is connected with the double fork 1 through a knuckle bearing 2;
the double fork 1 is connected with an upper chuck of the material testing machine, and after the proper position is adjusted, the clamping rod 11 is connected with a lower chuck of the material testing machine.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a test method of a tensile test apparatus for synchronous application of out-of-plane loads, the test method comprising:
the edge of the reinforcing area and the transition area of the structural member are stuck with strain gauges, the connecting wires of the strain gauges are connected with wires, and then the wires are connected with a dynamic strain acquisition system to measure the deformation of the structural member;
carrying out actual calibration on a material testing machine, and establishing a corresponding relation between voltage and force by clamping a metal rod;
setting a dynamic strain acquisition system as a trigger acquisition mode, adopting a three-wire system wiring mode, constructing a 1/4 measuring bridge, and setting a sensitivity coefficient and a resistance value of a strain gauge at a parameter interface;
the triggering mode is to output 24V voltage through digital IO, change into 5V after resistor voltage division, trigger and gather high voltage, the low voltage triggers and closes, stop gathering;
after the structural member is connected with the upper clamping head and the lower clamping head of the material testing machine through the double forks and the clamping rods, locking the cross beam of the material testing machine;
the control load signal is simulated and output to the dynamic strain acquisition system through the material testing machine control system, and the strain and the force of the structural member are acquired by adopting graded automatic triggering.
Further, the strain and the force of the structural member are collected by adopting grading automatic triggering, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
pre-loading 30% limit load to eliminate the gap between the test device and the structural member, and then unloading;
gradually loading to 67% limit load, wherein the step length of each stage load is 10%, triggering to collect stress strain data after each stage load, and unloading after the load reaches 67% load and the load is kept for 30 seconds;
gradually loading to 100% limit load, wherein the step length of each stage load is 10%, and after loading to 80%, the step length of each stage load is 5%, and when loading to 100% limit load, the load is kept for 3 seconds, and after loading of each stage, the stress strain data is triggered and collected;
the loading was continued to perform the failure test, triggering the acquisition of stress and strain data every 5% load level.
The invention has the advantages of refined structure, simple installation and convenient operation, and can realize the simultaneous loading of the in-plane load and the out-of-plane load by only tightly attaching the level bar to the connecting plate of the test piece and adjusting the angle adjusting rod to ensure that the included angle between the plane formed by the indication of the level bar and the in-plane load and the out-of-plane load is consistent with the plane method. By establishing communication connection between the material testing machine and the dynamic strain acquisition system, the tensile stress and strain of each load level of the structural member can be accurately acquired by adopting a mode of triggering acquisition. The device and the method can be widely applied to simultaneous loading of in-plane and out-of-plane loads of other structural members and acquisition of stress and strain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a tensile testing apparatus for in-plane and out-of-plane load simultaneous application provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a tensile testing apparatus for simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane load application provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of a tensile testing apparatus with simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane loading provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bottom plate structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a test piece connection board structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a tensile test device and a tensile test method for synchronously applying in-plane and out-of-plane loads of an aircraft connecting structural member, wherein the device is composed of 12 parts, and comprises a double fork 1, a knuckle bearing 2, a steering loading plate 3, a loading bolt 4, a fixing bolt 5, a test piece connecting plate 6, an angle adjusting rod 7, an embedded thread bush 8, a fastening nut 9, a pressing plate 10, a clamping rod 11 and a bottom plate 12 as shown in fig. 1-3. The fixing bolts 5 are 10, 3 are uniformly distributed on two long sides, 2 are uniformly distributed on two wide sides, 4 angle adjusting rods 7 are uniformly distributed on 4 corners of a bottom plate 12, 2 embedded thread sleeves 8 are connected with 2 of the angle adjusting rods 7, fastening nuts 9 are matched with the angle adjusting rods 7 for use, 4 pressing plates 10 are 2 long and 2 short, and are matched with the long and wide sides of a test piece connecting plate 6 to jointly form a set of connecting tight test tool. A schematic structural view of the test piece connection plate 6 is shown in fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 4, elliptical long holes are drilled at the 4 corners of the bottom plate 12, respectively, for adjusting the positions of the angle adjusting rod 7 and the embedded thread bush 8, so that the range of the normal included angle between the plane formed by the in-plane load and the out-of-plane load and the flat plate becomes larger. When the included angle is determined, the fastening nut 9 is required to be reversely screwed, and the angle adjusting rod 7 is tightly attached to the bottom plate 12, so that the position change of the angle adjusting rod 7 is prevented, and the normal included angle between a plane formed by the in-plane load and the out-of-plane load and the flat plate is changed. The angle adjusting rod 7 is connected with the embedded thread bush 8, the lower end of the embedded thread bush 8 is connected with the bottom plate, the function of adjusting the size of an included angle can be achieved through the number of threads of the angle adjusting rod 7 screwed into the embedded thread bush 8, and the included angle is an included angle between the test piece and the bottom plate. The ball head of the angle adjusting rod 7 is embedded with a joint bearing, so that the degree of freedom of the joint of the test piece connecting plate 6 and the angle adjusting rod 7 can be increased, stress concentration is prevented, and stress is more uniform. The steering loading plate 3 is connected with the test piece through a loading bolt 4, and is connected with the double fork 1 after steering, so that the vertical loading of the load can be realized.
The device and the method can realize the stress and strain acquisition of the tensile test of synchronously applying the in-plane and out-of-plane loads of the motor frame and the frame connecting structural member. And symmetrically drilling holes on the test piece connecting plate 6 and the pressing plate 10 by using a drilling machine, pressing and fixing the structural part on the surface of the test piece connecting plate 6, and drilling 10 connecting holes according to the mounting holes on the test piece connecting plate 6. The structural member is mounted on the test piece connecting plate 6 by using a fixing bolt 5 and a pressing plate 10, and is locked by using a nut. The bottom plate 12 is connected with the clamping rod 11, and the threaded ends of the angle adjusting rod 7 and the embedded thread sleeve 8 are fixed in the elliptical long hole of the bottom plate 12. And then 4 double ears on two sides of the test piece connecting plate 6 are connected with the bottom plate 12 through a ball head single ear at one end of the angle adjusting rod 7, a level bar is placed on the surface of the test piece connecting plate 6, the angle adjusting rod 7 is adjusted, and when the angle reaches the normal included angle between a plane formed by the calculated in-plane load and out-of-plane load and the flat plate, the nut 9 is locked and fastened. And the steering loading plate 3 is connected with a central hole of a structural member through a loading bolt 4, and the upper end of the steering loading plate 3 is connected with the double fork 1 through a joint bearing 2. Under the condition that the structural part is not stressed, the force sensor and the strain channel are cleared. The double fork 1 is connected with an upper chuck of the material testing machine, and after the proper position is adjusted, the clamping rod 11 is connected with a lower chuck of the material testing machine.
The invention relates to a tensile test method for synchronously applying in-plane and out-of-plane loads of a motor frame and a frame connecting structural member, which comprises the following steps:
1. the motor frame is connected with the frame to connect the reinforcement area of the structural member and the edge of the transition area to paste the strain gage, the connecting wire of the strain gage is connected with the lead, and the resistance condition is detected by the voltmeter, and then the lead is connected with the dynamic strain acquisition system to measure the deformation of the structural member;
2. carrying out actual calibration on a material testing machine, and establishing a corresponding relation between voltage and force by clamping a metal rod;
3. setting a dynamic strain acquisition system as a trigger acquisition mode, adopting a three-wire system wiring mode, constructing a 1/4 measuring bridge, and setting a sensitivity coefficient and a resistance value of a strain gauge at a parameter interface;
4. the triggering mode is to output 24V voltage through digital IO, change into 5V after resistor voltage division, trigger and gather high voltage, the low voltage triggers and closes, stop gathering;
5. after the structural member is connected with the upper clamping head and the lower clamping head of the material testing machine through the double fork and the loading rod, locking the cross beam of the material testing machine;
6. and simulating and outputting a control load signal to a dynamic strain acquisition system through a material testing machine control system, and acquiring the strain and the force of a structural member by adopting grading automatic triggering during 67% and 100% tensile limit load and damage tests.
And establishing communication connection between the material testing machine and the dynamic strain acquisition system, wherein the acquisition mode of the dynamic strain acquisition system is set to be a trigger mode. The 30% limit load is pre-loaded to eliminate the gap between the device and the structure, and then unloaded. And (3) gradually loading to 67% of limit load, wherein the step length of the load of each stage is 10%, triggering to collect stress strain data after loading of each stage, and unloading after maintaining the load for 30 seconds after reaching 67% of load. And (3) gradually loading the load to 100% of limit load, wherein the step length of the load at each stage is 10%, and after loading the load to 80%, the step length of the load at each stage is 5%, and when loading the load to 100% of limit load, the load is kept for 3 seconds, and after loading the load at each stage, the stress strain data is triggered and collected. The loading was continued to perform the failure test, triggering the acquisition of stress and strain data every 5% load level.
The embodiment of the invention provides a device and a method for realizing synchronous loading of in-plane and out-of-plane loads of an aircraft connecting structural member through resultant force and accurately acquiring stress and strain by utilizing graded triggering, so as to solve the problems of asynchronous in-plane and out-of-plane load loading and insufficient stress and strain acquisition data. Meanwhile, the test loading tool is simplified, the mounting operation is simple, the included angle between the external load of the surface and the loading surface can be effectively controlled by adjusting the tool, and the test loading requirement is met and the accuracy of test data is guaranteed.
Claims (8)
1. A tensile test apparatus for synchronous out-of-plane loading, said apparatus comprising: the device comprises a double fork (1), a knuckle bearing (2), a steering loading plate (3), a loading bolt (4), a fixing bolt (5), a test piece connecting plate (6), an angle adjusting rod (7), an embedded thread bush (8), a fastening nut (9), a pressing plate (10), a clamping rod (11) and a bottom plate (12);
the fixing bolt (5) and the pressing plate (10) are used for installing a structural member on the test piece connecting plate (6) and locking the structural member by nuts; the bottom plate (12) is connected with the clamping rod (11), the steering loading plate (3) is connected with a central hole of the structural member through a loading bolt (4), and the upper end of the steering loading plate (3) is connected with the double fork (1) through a joint bearing (2);
the number of the angle adjusting rods (7) is 4, the number of the embedded threaded sleeves (8) is two, and the number of the fastening nuts (9) is two;
two angle adjusting rods (7) at one side are respectively connected with an embedded thread bush (8), and the embedded thread bush (8) is fixed on a bottom plate (12);
the two angle adjusting rods (7) at the other side are respectively connected with a fastening nut (9), and the fastening nut (9) is fixed on the bottom plate (12).
2. The tensile test device for synchronously applying out-of-plane loads according to claim 1, wherein the number of the pressing plates (10) is 4, two and two, and the pressing plates are matched with the long and wide sides of the test piece connecting plate (6) to jointly form a set of tight connection test tool for clamping and fixing a structural member.
3. The tensile test device for synchronous application of out-of-plane loads according to claim 1, wherein elliptical long holes are drilled in the 4 corners of the bottom plate (12) respectively for adjustment of the positions of the angle adjusting rod (7) and the embedded thread bush (8).
4. The tensile test device for synchronously applying out-of-plane loads according to claim 1, wherein two ears are respectively arranged on two sides of the test piece connecting plate (6), and the ears are respectively connected with a ball head single ear at one end of the angle adjusting rod 7.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the structural members are motor frame and aircraft frame connection structural members.
6. A method of installing a tensile test apparatus in which out-of-plane loads are simultaneously applied, wherein the method of installing is used in the test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the method of installing comprising:
symmetrically drilling holes on a test piece connecting plate (6) and a pressing plate (10) by using a drilling machine, pressing and fixing a structural member on the surface of the test piece connecting plate (6), drilling (10) connecting holes according to mounting holes on the test piece connecting plate (6), mounting the structural member on the test piece connecting plate (6) by using a fixing bolt (5) and the pressing plate (10), and locking by using a nut;
connecting a bottom plate (12) with a clamping rod (11), and fixing the threaded ends of an angle adjusting rod (7) and an embedded thread bush (8) in an elliptical long hole of the bottom plate (12);
connecting 4 double ears on two sides of a test piece connecting plate (6) with a bottom plate (12) through a ball head single ear at one end of an angle adjusting rod (7), placing a level on the surface of the test piece connecting plate (6), adjusting the angle adjusting rod (7), and locking a fastening nut (9) when the included angle between a preset structural member and the bottom plate (12) is reached;
the steering loading plate (3) is connected with a central hole of a structural member through a loading bolt (4), and the upper end of the steering loading plate (3) is connected with the double fork (1) through a knuckle bearing (2);
the double fork (1) is connected with an upper chuck of the material testing machine, and after the proper position is adjusted, the clamping rod (11) is connected with a lower chuck of the material testing machine.
7. A test method of a tensile test apparatus for synchronous application of out-of-plane loads, characterized in that the test method is used in the installation of the test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the test method comprising:
the edge of the reinforcing area and the transition area of the structural member are stuck with strain gauges, the connecting wires of the strain gauges are connected with wires, and then the wires are connected with a dynamic strain acquisition system to measure the deformation of the structural member;
carrying out actual calibration on a material testing machine, and establishing a corresponding relation between voltage and force by clamping a metal rod;
setting a dynamic strain acquisition system as a trigger acquisition mode, adopting a three-wire system wiring mode, constructing a 1/4 measuring bridge, and setting a sensitivity coefficient and a resistance value of a strain gauge at a parameter interface;
the triggering mode is to output 24V voltage through digital IO, change into 5V after resistor voltage division, trigger and gather high voltage, the low voltage triggers and closes, stop gathering;
after the structural member is connected with the upper clamping head and the lower clamping head of the material testing machine through the double forks and the clamping rods, locking the cross beam of the material testing machine;
the control load signal is simulated and output to the dynamic strain acquisition system through the material testing machine control system, and the strain and the force of the structural member are acquired by adopting graded automatic triggering.
8. The method for testing a tensile testing apparatus for simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane loading according to claim 7, wherein the step of automatically triggering and collecting the strain and force of the structural member is specifically:
pre-loading 30% limit load to eliminate the gap between the test device and the structural member, and then unloading;
gradually loading to 67% limit load, wherein the step length of each stage load is 10%, triggering to collect stress strain data after each stage load, and unloading after the load reaches 67% load and the load is kept for 30 seconds;
gradually loading to 100% limit load, wherein the step length of each stage load is 10%, and after loading to 80%, the step length of each stage load is 5%, and when loading to 100% limit load, the load is kept for 3 seconds, and after loading of each stage, the stress strain data is triggered and collected;
the loading was continued to perform the failure test, triggering the acquisition of stress and strain data every 5% load level.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311651446.6A CN117686331A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Tensile test device and method for synchronously applying out-of-plane and out-of-plane loads |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311651446.6A CN117686331A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Tensile test device and method for synchronously applying out-of-plane and out-of-plane loads |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117686331A true CN117686331A (en) | 2024-03-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311651446.6A Pending CN117686331A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Tensile test device and method for synchronously applying out-of-plane and out-of-plane loads |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117686331A (en) |
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- 2023-12-04 CN CN202311651446.6A patent/CN117686331A/en active Pending
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