CN117664955A - 一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法 - Google Patents

一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法 Download PDF

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CN117664955A
CN117664955A CN202410141036.5A CN202410141036A CN117664955A CN 117664955 A CN117664955 A CN 117664955A CN 202410141036 A CN202410141036 A CN 202410141036A CN 117664955 A CN117664955 A CN 117664955A
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崔之益
朱灵娟
徐大平
李小飞
郝建
胡厚臻
付豪
刘小金
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法,通过观测苗木叶片的表型指标快速鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,苗木叶片的表型指标包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素含量及叶基角。与现有技术相比,本发明方法制定了基于苗期叶表型的奇楠沉香与普通沉香的鉴别标准,只需通过观测苗木叶片的少数几个表型指标即可鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,能较早地在苗期(结香前)实现鉴别,可以在种植前保障苗木质量,预防种植后期的巨大损失。具有预防较大损失,且操作简易、快速高效的明显优势。

Description

一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及奇楠沉香鉴别技术领域,具体涉及一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法。
背景技术
白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Spreng),是瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)沉香属(Aquilaria)常绿乔木,是我国生产沉香的主要植物资源。当沉香树受到伤害后,产生的油脂与木材组织形成的混合产物,即为沉香。沉香是名贵传统中药材,也是一种高级天然香料,市场供不应求(Ma et al., 2021; Xiao et al., 2022)。随着野生沉香资源的枯竭,天然沉香林被保护,种植人工林成了生产沉香的主要途径。然而由于白木香人工结香概率低,难度大,时间长,沉香产业发展受到严重制约。近年来,粤西地区一种新的易结香白木香种质资源被人们从野外筛选出来,该种质具有结香快、结香量大及结香质量高等优良特性,当地统称为“奇楠沉香”。
由于奇楠沉香与普通沉香的结香性能差异较大,两者的经济价值天差地别,奇楠沉香因具有优良的结香特性,其苗木价格高昂,而奇楠沉香与普通沉香属于同一个生物学品种,两者植株整体外观极为相似,很难直接通过肉眼观察进行鉴别。因此,市场亟需探索在苗期即可鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香科学有效的方法。
目前,关于奇楠沉香与普通沉香的鉴别方法已有个别报道,但是这些方法均是等树体结香后,通过对比两种沉香的结香性能或结香质量来鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香。依据这些方法,林农只能等树长大再刺激树体结香,待树体结香后观察大树结香性能来鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,耗时长达数年,且已投入大量成本,损失无力挽回。因此,这些现有技术具有耗时久、低效滞后等缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的上述不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法。只需通过观测苗木叶片的少数几个表型指标即可鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,既能较早地在苗期(结香前)实现鉴别,又操作简易、快速高效,可以在种植前保障苗木质量,预防种植后期的巨大损失。有关基于苗期叶表型差异快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法还未见报道。
为了达到上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
提供一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法,通过观测苗木叶片的表型指标快速鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,苗木叶片的表型指标包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素含量及叶基角;
同时满足3个指标以上为奇楠沉香:叶绿素a≥1.28mg.g-1、叶绿素b≥0.49mg.g-1、类胡萝卜素≥0.42mg.g-1、总叶绿素≥1.78mg.g-1、叶基角≥72.71度;
同时满足2个指标以上为普通沉香:叶绿素a≤1.03mg.g-1、叶绿素≤0.35mg.g-1、类胡萝卜素≤0.32mg.g-1、总叶绿素≤1.37mg.g-1、叶基角≤64.70度。
本发明的有益效果为:
与现有技术相比,本发明方法制定了基于苗期叶表型的奇楠沉香与普通沉香的鉴别标准,只需通过观测苗木叶片的少数几个表型指标即可鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,能较早地在苗期(结香前)实现鉴别,可以在种植前保障苗木质量,预防种植后期的巨大损失。具有预防较大损失,且操作简易、快速高效的明显优势。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中27个奇楠沉香和4个普通沉香品系叶片叶绿素a的平均值示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中27个奇楠沉香和4个普通沉香品系叶片叶绿素b的平均值示意图;
图3为本发明实施例中27个奇楠沉香和4个普通沉香品系叶片类胡萝卜素的平均值示意图;
图4为本发明实施例中27个奇楠沉香和4个普通沉香品系叶片总叶绿的平均值示意图;
图5为本发明实施例中27个奇楠沉香和4个普通沉香品系叶片叶基角的平均值示意图;
图6为本发明实施例中各品系的聚类分析谱系图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
实施例
目前市面上现有奇楠沉香品系100个左右,本实施例随机选择其中27个奇楠沉香品系(自编号Q1~Q27)及4个普通沉香品系(自编号P1~P4)为对象,均采用嫁接方式培育苗木,所有苗木至于温室统一管理,待苗木1年生时,观测各品系苗木叶片表型指标。由于本研究未能覆盖全部奇楠沉香品系,无法通过本研究结果直接去判定奇楠或普通沉香品系,故需要制定可以评判试验以外的沉香品系的鉴别标准。具体步骤如下:
(1)从各品系分别选取10株长势健康一致的苗木,每株随机收集3片功能叶,每个品系30片,重复3次。其中一半叶片用于测定叶绿素含量,另一半用于测量叶片大小、面积、基部夹角大小等表型指标。所有叶片至于干冰中保存,立即转移至实验室进行检测:①配制混合液:丙酮:无水乙醇:水=4.5:4.5:1按体积混合;萃取:从植株上取新鲜植物叶片,洗净擦干,去中脉剪碎混匀后,用电子天平准确称取0.25g叶片置于玻璃试管中,用保鲜膜封口;加入混和液(丙酮与无水乙醇的混合液)5ml;置于黑暗中放置,24小时后黑暗中摇匀,48小时后测定。取出待测液摇匀,用混和液做对照。样品测定时,先取2.7ml混合液加入比色皿中,后取0.3ml样品液打入比色皿(已加入2.7ml混合液的比色皿)。用量角器在叶基处以一条叶缘为基线,直尺在量角器上旋转与另一条叶缘相切,此时直尺与量角器的夹角为叶基部夹角(叶基角),其他用叶面积仪进行测量。
(2)待各指标测定完毕后,对数据进行统计分析,结果表明,各品系叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素含量及叶基角均差异显著,且27个奇楠沉香品系均显著高于4个普通沉香品系。进一步聚类分析表明,以叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素含量及叶基角为参考指标,可以将27个奇楠沉香品系和4个普通沉香品系分为2类(图6)。
(3)以27个奇楠沉香品系的最低值和4个普通沉香品系的最高值作为临界值,制定以各个指标为参考的奇楠沉香与普通沉香鉴定条件(表1)。
(4)通过大量选取已知的奇楠和普通沉香品系,测定各品系苗木叶片叶绿素含量和叶基角,对比各指标鉴定临界值进行验证,从而制定了基于苗期叶表型的奇楠沉香与普通沉香的鉴别标准(表1)。
表1 各指标临界值及鉴定标准
理论上可能存在不满足上述鉴别标准的情况,实际可能性极小,因为两类沉香的各指标数值差异较大,界限明显。处于中间数值的概率较小,多个指标同时处于中间数值范围的可能性更小。我们在检验过程中没有遇到该种情况的存在。
试验例
在市场上随机购买5个奇楠品系(商品名HG、ZT、XY、XG、KC)和5个普通沉香品系(自编号P1、P2、P3、P4、P5)1年生健康苗木各10株作为研究对象,每个品系每次随机收集15片功能叶,重复3次。其中一半叶片用于测定叶绿素含量,另一半用于测量叶基角大小。结果如表2所示,HG和XY满足鉴定标准中4个指标,ZT、XG、KC满足5个指标,均同时满足3个指标以上,鉴定为奇楠沉香。P3和P4满足鉴定标准中3个指标,P1、P2、P5全部满足5个指标,均同时满足2个指标以上,鉴定为普通沉香。因此,所有参试沉香品系均能通过本发明方法进行鉴定。
表2 各品系叶绿素和叶基角测定结果
与现有技术相比,本发明中的方法制定了基于苗期叶表型的奇楠沉香与普通沉香的鉴别标准,只需通过观测苗木叶片的少数几个表型指标即可鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,能较早地在苗期(结香前)实现鉴别,可以在种植前保障苗木质量,预防种植后期的巨大损失。具有预防较大损失,且操作简易、快速高效的明显优势。
于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (1)

1.一种基于苗期叶表型快速鉴别奇楠沉香和普通沉香的方法,其特征在于,通过观测苗木叶片的表型指标快速鉴别奇楠沉香与普通沉香,苗木叶片的表型指标包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总叶绿素含量及叶基角;
同时满足3个指标以上为奇楠沉香:叶绿素a≥1.28mg.g-1、叶绿素b≥0.49mg.g-1、类胡萝卜素≥0.42mg.g-1、总叶绿素≥1.78mg.g-1、叶基角≥72.71度;
同时满足2个指标以上为普通沉香:叶绿素a≤1.03mg.g-1、叶绿素≤0.35mg.g-1、类胡萝卜素≤0.32mg.g-1、总叶绿素≤1.37mg.g-1、叶基角≤64.70度。
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