CN117660844A - Ultralow-temperature steel and steel rolling method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ultralow-temperature steel and steel rolling method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117660844A CN117660844A CN202311850632.2A CN202311850632A CN117660844A CN 117660844 A CN117660844 A CN 117660844A CN 202311850632 A CN202311850632 A CN 202311850632A CN 117660844 A CN117660844 A CN 117660844A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012611 container material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001374 Invar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses ultralow-temperature steel, a steel rolling method and application thereof. The ultralow-temperature steel takes C, mn, mo, si as an alloy element, is an austenite structure with proper stacking fault energy, has the performance characteristics of high strength and high plasticity at-269 ℃, and can be used as a high-strength material of superconducting coil armor materials, liquid helium container materials and the like in an ultralow-temperature environment. Compared with the stainless steel material with the same use condition, the strength is higher, the Ni element is not added, and the economy of the material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ultralow temperature steel and a steel rolling method and application thereof, in particular to ultralow temperature steel with ultralow temperature performance of-269 ℃ and a steel rolling method and application thereof.
Background
Storage and transportation containers for ultralow temperature media such as liquefied natural gas, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and the like are conventionally manufactured by adopting steel grades with high nickel content, for example: invar steel (36% ni), 316 stainless steel (12% ni), 9% ni steel, and the like. Superconducting coil armor, liquid helium container, etc. require a high strength material that can be used in an ultra-low temperature environment at-269 ℃. Stainless steel, while plastic, has low strength, and usually requires strain strengthening to increase its strength. Moreover, the stainless steel is added with a large amount of Ni element, and the alloy cost is high. When the material is used as a structural material in an ultralow temperature environment of-269 ℃, the mechanical property of the material is highly required, and the corrosion resistance of the material is not required. Therefore, as an ultralow-temperature structural material, the alloy components are required to be redesigned, so that the mechanical property is improved, and the material cost is reduced, thereby being more beneficial to practical application. The manganese is used for replacing nickel, which is an important direction for optimally designing materials such as stainless steel, and components and processes are designed in a targeted manner according to performance requirements of different use environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide ultralow-temperature steel with excellent ultralow-temperature performance, and a steel rolling method and application thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: the ultralow-temperature steel comprises, by mass, 0.75% -0.85% of C, 22% -26% of Mn, 0.5% -1.0% of Mo, 0.1% -0.4% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements; the thickness of the steel plate is 10-20 mm, the structure is austenite, and the grain size is 4-5 grade.
Preferably, the austenitic stacking fault energy of the ultralow temperature steel at the temperature of-269 ℃ is 42 xC+3.1 xMn-15 xC 2 -0.026×Mn 2 -0.063 xCxMn-58, yield strength not lower than 1500MPa, elongation after breaking not lower than 30%.
Further preferably, the austenitic stacking fault energy is 20 to 28mJ/m 2 。
Preferably, the ultra-low temperature steel of the present invention contains 0.75% of C, 22% of Mn, 0.5% of Mo, 0.1% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements by mass;
or 0.79% of C, 24% of Mn, 0.7% of Mo, 0.3% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements;
or 0.85% of C, 26% of Mn, 1.0% of Mo, 0.4% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
The design principle of the chemical components of the ultralow-temperature steel is as follows:
martensitic steels, while very strong, have a relatively low plasticity. Moreover, martensitic steels undergo embrittlement at low temperatures and have reduced toughness, so that their use temperatures are generally not lower than-60 ℃. Even 9% Ni steel excellent in low temperature performance is used at a temperature of not lower than-196 ℃. The austenitic steel has low temperature performance superior to martensitic steel, has the advantages of high plasticity, no magnetism and the like, and can reach ultralow temperature of-269 ℃ at the lowest use temperature, such as SUS316 austenitic stainless steel with the Ni content of about 12 percent. Austenitic stainless steel is expensive because of the addition of a large amount of Ni element. Mn can inhibit austenite from transforming into martensite, and can be used as a substitute element of Ni for improving the stability of austenite structure. Mn has an effect on the austenite stability of about half that of Ni, so that the mass percentage of Mn in the ultralow temperature steel of the invention is most preferably 22% to 26%.
C has a strong austenite stabilizing effect and is also an effective element for improving the stability of austenite. And C can hinder dislocation movement, improve intensity. From the viewpoint of austenite stabilization, the addition of C can increase the austenite stacking fault energy so that austenite produces twin crystals when strained rather than martensitic transformation. The strain induced twinning mechanism of austenite can significantly improve plasticity. The stacking fault energy of austenite is related to composition and temperature. At the temperature of-269 ℃, the austenitic stacking fault energy of the ultralow temperature steel is mainly determined by the mass percentage of C and Mn, and the specific expression is as follows: 42 XC+3.1 XMn-15 XC 2 -0.026×Mn 2 -0.063 XCXMn-58. The invention optimizes the stacking fault energy to be 20-28 mJ/m 2 Under the condition that the mass percentage of Mn is 22-26%, the mass percentage of C is 0.75-0.85%.
In order to inhibit coarse cementite from precipitating at the grain boundary under the condition of high C content, 0.5 to 1.0 mass percent of Mo is added to improve the plasticity. In addition to the above chemical components, the present invention is preferred for the kind and content of other elements added. Among them, si can also produce a certain degree of solid solution strengthening in the finished steel sheet as a deoxidizing element commonly used in the steelmaking process, but Si tends to be biased at grain boundaries to lower the plasticity, and the content thereof needs to be controlled. In the invention, the mass percentage of Si is preferably controlled to be 0.1-0.4%.
The steel rolling method of the ultralow-temperature steel comprises the following steps of:
(1) Heating: heating blanks with the same components and thickness which is 15 times of the thickness of the steel plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1100-1150 ℃ and the total furnace time is 1.5-1.7 min/mm multiplied by the thickness of the blanks;
(2) Descaling: removing oxide scales of the heated blank, wherein the high-pressure water pressure is 22-24 MPa;
(3) Rolling: the initial rolling temperature is 1005-1030 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 800-830 ℃;
(4) And (3) cooling: the rolled steel plate is cooled in an accelerated way, the water inlet temperature is 730-765 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 130-240 ℃, and the cooling rate is 27-48 ℃/s.
Wherein, the heating adopts a walking beam type heating furnace.
Preferably, the blank has a preparation liquidus temperature of 1369 to 1391 ℃.
The steel rolling process mechanism of the ultralow-temperature steel plate is as follows:
in order to obtain sufficient grain refinement and strain accumulation by thermo-mechanical rolling, and to obtain sufficient strength of the finished steel sheet, a sufficient compression ratio, i.e., the ratio (H/H) of the thickness (H) of the slab to the thickness (H) of the finished steel sheet, is required in terms of selection of the thickness of the slab. The present invention controls the compression ratio to 15.
The liquidus temperature of the ultralow-temperature steel is 1369-1391 ℃, and the liquidus temperature is about 140 ℃ lower than that of low-alloy steel, so that the heating temperature of a blank needs to be controlled not to be too high, and overburning is avoided. The heating temperature is controlled between 1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃.
Because the heat conductivity coefficient of the ultralow-temperature steel is only about one third of that of the common low-alloy steel, the slabs with different thicknesses are required to be ensured to have enough heating time in a furnace, and complete austenitization is ensured. The invention controls the furnace time to be (1.5-1.7 min/mm) multiplied by H, wherein H is the thickness of the blank. For example, when the thickness of the blank is 210mm, the furnace time is 315 to 357 minutes.
And discharging the plate blank after heating by a walking beam type heating furnace, removing iron scales by a descaling box, and ensuring the descaling effect by high-pressure water with the pressure of 22-24 MPa.
And rolling the slab after descaling by a descaling box. The initial rolling temperature is 1005-1030 ℃, and the lower final rolling temperature is controlled, namely 800-830 ℃. The austenite grains are refined by thermo-mechanical rolling, enough strain is accumulated, and the strength of the finished steel plate is improved. The slab has a sufficient thickness, which is advantageous for improving the thermo-mechanical rolling effect.
The steel plate is rolled and then enters an ultra-fast cooling device for high-pressure water cooling, the water inlet temperature is 730-765 ℃, and the water outlet temperature is 130-240 ℃ at the cooling rate of 27-48 ℃/s. The effect of accelerated cooling is to keep the accumulation of thermomechanical rolling strain and improve the strength of the steel plate, and to inhibit carbide precipitation and improve the plasticity of the steel plate.
It should be noted that the actual content of the alloying element in the material manufacturing process fluctuates within a certain small range around the design range, which is unavoidable in the normal industrial production process. Although the content range of each element is clearly defined, the operation range is also defined for the heat treatment process parameters, and the effect of the invention is not obviously influenced within a reasonable deviation range.
The ultralow-temperature steel is applied to the preparation of low-temperature storage and transportation containers (such as storage tanks, ships in vehicles, spacecraft and the like), pipelines and superconducting coil armor.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
the steel plate takes C, mn, mo, si as an alloy element, is an austenite structure with proper stacking fault energy, has the performance characteristics of high strength and high plasticity at-269 ℃, and can be used as a high-strength material of superconducting coil armor materials, liquid helium container materials and the like in ultralow-temperature environments. Compared with the stainless steel material with the same use condition, the strength is higher, the Ni element is not added, and the economy is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an austenite microstructure of an ultralow temperature steel sheet according to example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to examples.
Example 1
An ultralow-temperature steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (%) of 0.75C, 22Mn, 0.5Mo, 0.1Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The thickness of the plate blank is 210mm, and the thickness of the rolled steel plate is 14mm. The billets were heated using a walking beam furnace with a target temperature of 1140 c for a total furnace time of 315 minutes. And (3) removing iron scales of the blanks after the heating and tapping by using a descaling box, wherein the high-pressure water pressure is 22MPa. The initial rolling temperature is 1020 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 825 ℃. And (3) using ultra-fast cooling equipment to accelerate cooling of the rolled steel plate, wherein the water inlet temperature is 760 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 180 ℃, and the cooling rate is 42 ℃/s. The steel plate structure is austenite, and the austenitic stacking fault energy at the temperature of-269 ℃ is 20mJ/m 2 The yield strength is 1525MPa, and the elongation after break is 39%.
Example 2
An ultralow-temperature steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (%) of 0.79C, 24Mn, 0.7Mo, 0.3Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The thickness of the plate blank is 150mm, and the thickness of the rolled steel plate is 10mm. The blank was heated using a walking beam furnace with a target temperature of 1150 c and a total furnace time of 255min. And (3) removing iron scales of the blanks after the heating and tapping by using a descaling box, wherein the high-pressure water pressure is 24MPa. The initial rolling temperature is 1005 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃. And (3) using ultra-fast cooling equipment to accelerate cooling of the rolled steel plate, wherein the water inlet temperature is 730 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 130 ℃, and the cooling rate is 48 ℃/s. The steel plate structure is austenite, and the austenite fault energy is 24mJ/m at the temperature of-269 DEG C 2 The yield strength is 1560MPa and the elongation after break is 34 percent.
Example 3
An ultralow-temperature steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (%) of 0.85C, 26Mn, 1.0Mo, 0.4Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The thickness of the plate blank is 300mm, and the thickness of the rolled steel plate is 20mm. UsingThe walking beam type heating furnace heats the blank, the target temperature is 1100 ℃, and the total furnace time is 485min. And (3) removing iron scales of the blanks after the heating and tapping by using a descaling box, wherein the high-pressure water pressure is 22MPa. The start rolling temperature is 1030 ℃ and the finish rolling temperature is 830 ℃. And (3) using ultra-fast cooling equipment to accelerate cooling of the rolled steel plate, wherein the water inlet temperature is 765 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 240 ℃, and the cooling rate is 27 ℃/s. The steel plate structure is austenite, and the austenitic stacking fault energy is 28mJ/m at the temperature of-269 DEG C 2 The yield strength is 1540MPa, and the elongation after break is 36%.
Claims (10)
1. An ultralow-temperature steel is characterized by comprising, by mass, 0.75% -0.85% of C, 22% -26% of Mn, 0.5% -1.0% of Mo, 0.1% -0.4% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
2. The ultra-low temperature steel according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the steel sheet is 10 to 20mm, the structure is austenite, and the grain size is 4 to 5 grades.
3. The ultra-low temperature steel according to claim 1, wherein the austenitic stacking fault energy at-269 ℃ is 42 xc+3.1 xmn-15 xc 2 -0.026×Mn 2 -0.063 xCxMn-58, yield strength not lower than 1500MPa, elongation after breaking not lower than 30%.
4. The ultra-low temperature steel according to claim 3, wherein the austenitic stacking fault energy is 20-28 mJ/m 2 。
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, by mass, 0.75% of C, 22% of Mn, 0.5% of Mo, 0.1% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, by mass, 0.79% of C, 24% of Mn, 0.7% of Mo, 0.3% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises, by mass, 0.85% of C, 26% of Mn, 1.0% of Mo, 0.4% of Si, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurity elements.
8. A method of rolling ultra-low temperature steel according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Heating: heating blanks with the same components and thickness which is 15 times of the thickness of the steel plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1100-1150 ℃ and the total furnace time is 1.5-1.7 min/mm multiplied by the thickness of the blanks;
(2) Descaling: removing oxide scales of the heated blank, wherein the high-pressure water pressure is 22-24 MPa;
(3) Rolling: the initial rolling temperature is 1005-1030 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 800-830 ℃;
(4) And (3) cooling: the rolled steel plate is cooled in an accelerated way, the water inlet temperature is 730-765 ℃, the water outlet temperature is 130-240 ℃, and the cooling rate is 27-48 ℃/s.
9. The steel rolling method according to claim 8, wherein the blank has a preparation liquidus temperature of 1369 to 1391 ℃.
10. Use of the ultra-low temperature steel of claim 1 in the preparation of low temperature storage and transportation containers, pipelines, superconducting coil armor.
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| CN202311850632.2A CN117660844A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Ultralow-temperature steel and steel rolling method and application thereof |
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| CN202311850632.2A CN117660844A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Ultralow-temperature steel and steel rolling method and application thereof |
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