CN117655254A - Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming - Google Patents

Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117655254A
CN117655254A CN202311856601.8A CN202311856601A CN117655254A CN 117655254 A CN117655254 A CN 117655254A CN 202311856601 A CN202311856601 A CN 202311856601A CN 117655254 A CN117655254 A CN 117655254A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
cavity
alloy
cladding
hot forging
shell
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CN202311856601.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄亮
李中豪
班宜杰
李建军
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202311856601.8A priority Critical patent/CN117655254A/en
Publication of CN117655254A publication Critical patent/CN117655254A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of alloy hot forging jackets, in particular to a jacket method suitable for alloy hot forging forming, which comprises the following steps: (1) Heating and preserving heat for the first time, cooling, wrapping heat preservation cotton on the outer surface of the alloy blank rod by using an adhesive, and then heating and preserving heat for the second time; (2) Packaging the alloy blank rod coated with the heat-insulating cotton by using a sheath; the jacket comprises a jacket body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and an upper end cover and a lower end cover which are arranged at two ends of the jacket body. The invention can better ensure the temperature during forging when the difficult-to-deform alloy is forged, improve the microstructure, control the internal stress, effectively improve the forging quality of the difficult-to-deform alloy, and simultaneously reduce the production cost by virtue of the cyclic utilization of the sheath shell in actual production.

Description

Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy hot forging jackets, and particularly relates to a jacket method suitable for alloy hot forging forming
Background
The difficult-to-deform alloy such as steel, titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy and the like is widely applied to the high-precision end manufacturing industries of the countries such as aerospace and the like due to excellent mechanical property and service performance. Their excellent properties suggest that titanium alloys are important structural materials in aircraft and engines in the harsh service environment, that steel is widely used in the manufacture of large components in high-end equipment, and that superalloy is used primarily to manufacture guide vanes and turbine blades. The difficult-to-deform alloy is added with more element types (such as aluminum, titanium, niobium, chromium and the like), has high alloying degree, large deformation resistance, narrow processing temperature range (100 ℃), poor plasticity and the like, and is difficult to form, so that the difficult-to-deform alloy is usually processed into parts at high temperature or by special thermal processing technology. In the thermoplastic deformation process, microstructure evolution processes such as recrystallization, grain growth coarsening and the like usually occur, thereby influencing the performance of the final product. The temperature in the thermal deformation process is accurately controlled, the temperature control range is optimized, and the method plays an important role in controlling microstructure and improving product performance.
In order to control the temperature in the forging process, some scholars propose to form parts by adopting an isothermal forging mode, however, isothermal forging has high cost and complex operation, and is not suitable for mass production and manufacture. In order to control the temperature and save the cost, the method of wrapping the blank for the sheath is generally adopted at the present stage to preserve the temperature. At present, two common wrapping methods are mainly adopted, namely a hard wrapping method and a soft wrapping method; for the hard cover mode, the outer surface of the blank is coated with a heat insulation material at room temperature, then a layer of stainless steel belt is welded to play a fastening role, and finally the whole body is heated for heat insulation. The sheath mode has the advantages that: the operation of sheathing is safer at room temperature, and the working environment is better. The disadvantages are: the sheath at room temperature greatly increases the heating time of the blank, and the stainless steel belt damages the surface of the blank in the forging process, so that the surface quality of the blank is poor, the precision after forging cannot be controlled, and the welding form is easy to fall off in the forging process, so that the heat preservation effect cannot be achieved. The soft sheath is mainly characterized in that a blank is heated to a preset temperature and is preserved for a period of time, and then heat preservation cotton is wrapped on the surface of the blank by using a high-temperature adhesive.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sheath method suitable for hot forging forming of a difficult-to-deform alloy, which solves the problems that the difficult-to-deform alloy has poor heat preservation effect in the forging process, the surface quality of a forging piece is poor, the forging piece is easy to crack, and the sheath cannot be repeatedly utilized to waste resources, so as to obtain an alloy forging piece with uniform structure, good surface quality and excellent mechanical property.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sheathing method suitable for hot forging of an alloy, comprising the steps of:
(1) Heating and preserving heat for the first time, cooling, wrapping heat preservation cotton on the outer surface of the alloy blank rod by using an adhesive, and then heating and preserving heat for the second time;
(2) Packaging the alloy blank rod coated with the heat-insulating cotton by using a sheath; the jacket comprises a jacket body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and an upper end cover and a lower end cover which are respectively arranged at two ends of the jacket body.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the cavity formed by the sheath shell is divided into a cavity at the upper end of the sheath shell and a cavity at the lower end of the sheath shell, and the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the sheath shell is larger than that of the cavity at the lower end of the sheath shell, so that the inner surface of the lower end of the sheath shell forms a cavity concave part of the sheath shell;
the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the wrapping sleeve is 50-60 mm, and the wall thickness of the concave cavity of the wrapping sleeve is 50-60% of the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the wrapping sleeve.
Preferably, the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the sheath shell and the inner wall surface of the cavity at the upper end of the sheath shell, and the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the sheath shell and the lower end cover are in transition through circular arcs, and the radius of each circular arc is 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the height of the concave part in the cavity of the sheath shell is the product of the original height of the alloy blank rod and the preset deformation amount of the alloy blank rod.
Preferably, a gap exists between the inner surface of the sheath shell and the heat-insulating cotton; wherein the distance of the gap is 10-20% of the diameter of the alloy blank rod.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the material of the sheath is stainless steel.
Preferably, the lower end cover or the upper end cover is fixed with the sheath shell through at least one buckle.
Preferably, the upper end cover is 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity at the upper end of the shell, and the lower end cover is 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cavity at the lower end of the shell; the thickness of the lower end cover and the upper end cover is 30-40 mm.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the temperature of the primary heating and the temperature of the secondary heating are both the temperature of the alloy blank rod during hot forging forming; the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
Preferably, the heat-insulating cotton is an aluminum silicate fiber blanket or an aluminum silicate blanket; the thickness of the aluminum silicate fiber blanket is 30-40 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum silicate fiber blanket is 5-10 mm.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) The package is designed to be a combination of a soft package and a hard package, wherein the surface of a blank can be protected by adopting heat-insulating cotton to wrap the outside of the blank, the surface quality of a forging is improved, the size precision of the forging can be ensured due to the soft characteristic, and the heat dissipation of the forging can be greatly slowed down by the double-layer heat preservation of the package shell and the heat-insulating cotton, so that a good heat preservation effect is achieved; the three-dimensional compressive stress applied to the forging piece while promoting the material flow has obvious inhibition effect on the bulge of the material and can prevent cracks from generating in the forging piece.
(2) The sheath of the invention is of a separated design and comprises a sheath shell, a lower end cover and an upper end cover. The jacket shell is provided with an upper opening and a lower opening, so that the blank is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and the jacket shell is not deformed in the forging process and can be reused, so that resources are greatly saved; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are placed at the two ends of the sheath shell to play roles in heat preservation, shock absorption and buffering.
(3) In the invention, the packaging shell is a cylindrical cavity with an upper opening and a lower opening and a concave middle part and is used for packaging the difficult-to-deform alloy bar; the inner wall surface of the cavity at the upper end of the packing sleeve and the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the packing sleeve are in arc transition, the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the packing sleeve and the lower end cover are in arc transition, the design structure of the round angle can promote the flow of materials in the forging process, and the confinement of the cavity has a certain inhibition effect on the bulge in the forging process.
(4) According to the invention, the metal cavity shell is adopted to replace the traditional welded stainless steel cover, so that the heat preservation effect can be improved, the plug product can not be formed, the surface quality of a forging piece can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, the metal cavity can be recycled, so that the raw materials and the processing cost are saved.
(5) The method is suitable for alloy hot forging forming, especially for alloy hot forging forming difficult to deform, and because the difficult-to-deform alloy has high deformation resistance and is easy to crack and other defects in the forging process, the forging temperature influences the final performance of the material.
In conclusion, the invention solves the problems of long heating time, easy falling of the sheath and poor surface quality of the forging piece of the traditional forging sheath. The invention can better ensure the temperature during forging, improve microstructure, control internal stress, effectively improve the forging quality of the difficult-to-deform alloy, and reduce production cost by recycling the sheath shell in actual production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a jacket sample exemplified in example 1 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-of a casing shell, 2-of an upper end cover, 3-of a high-temperature adhesive, 4-of heat preservation cotton, 5-of a lower end cover and 6-of an alloy blank rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In a first aspect of the invention, the invention provides a cladding method suitable for hot forging an alloy, comprising the steps of:
step 1: placing the required alloy blank rod into a heating furnace for primary heating and heat preservation;
step 2: after cooling, wrapping the heat preservation cotton on all the outer surfaces of the heated alloy blank bars by using a high-temperature binder; then placing the wrapped alloy blank rod into a heating furnace for secondary heating and heat preservation;
step 3: the lower end cover is firstly placed under the cavity, then the reheated alloy blank rod is placed in the cylindrical cavity, and finally the upper end cover is placed.
In some embodiments, the surface of the alloy blank rod is firstly cleaned during forging, the blank is timely dried, then the cleaned alloy blank rod is placed into a heating furnace for heating,
in some embodiments, in the above steps, the heat preservation of the primary heating heat preservation and the secondary heating heat preservation are both in a temperature range corresponding to the hot forging forming of the alloy, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h. When the sheathing method is suitable for hot forging and forming of the alloy difficult to deform, for example, the alloy difficult to deform is titanium alloy, nickel base alloy, cobalt base alloy and 300M steel, and the corresponding temperature of primary heating and secondary heating and heat preservation is controlled between 600 ℃ and 800 ℃.
In some embodiments, in step 2, after cooling, the high-temperature binder is uniformly coated on the heat-preserving cotton, then the heat-preserving cotton coated with the high-temperature binder is coated on the heated blank, and finally the coated alloy blank rod is put into a heating furnace again for secondary heat preservation for 1 hour.
In some embodiments, the material of the insulation wool used for the alloy hot forging is an aluminum silicate fiber blanket or an aluminum silicate blanket. In different specific embodiments, the thickness of the aluminum silicate fiber blanket can have different values, and any integer value between 30 and 40mm is a selectable thickness value; the aluminum silicate felt can also select any integer value between 5 and 10mm; the thickness of the high-temperature adhesive is controlled to be 2-6 mm, and a proper thickness value can be selected according to specific requirements.
In some embodiments, the sleeve is a two-half split structure including an upper end cap and a lower end cap that are snap-fit together to facilitate the insertion and removal of the blank.
In step 3, the packaging shell and the lower end cover are placed on a press, the heated alloy blank rod is placed in the packaging shell, the buckle is closed, and finally the upper end cover is placed to form a whole, and then the assembled whole is forged on the press.
In some embodiments, the upper end cap and the upper end cap are in an embedded assembly form with the casing, the diameter of the upper end cap and the lower end cap is 5-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the upper end part of the casing, and the thickness of the upper end cap and the lower end cap is 30-40 mm.
In some embodiments, the material of the enclosure is stainless steel, including, for example, 200, 300, 400 series; the upper end cover and the lower end cover are made of 45 # steel;
in some embodiments, a gap exists between the inner surface of the sheath shell and the heat preservation cotton, and the distance of the gap is 10-20% of the diameter of the alloy blank rod.
In some embodiments, the binder is a high temperature binder, such as a polymeric binder, selected for the "soft encasement" of the prior art, and is curable at a predetermined temperature.
In some embodiments, the enclosure forms a cavity comprising a cavity at an upper end of the enclosure and a cavity at a lower end of the enclosure, and the cavity wall at the upper end of the enclosure is thicker than the cavity wall at the lower end of the enclosure, such that an inner face of the lower end of the enclosure forms a cavity pocket of the enclosure;
the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the wrapping sleeve is 50-60 mm, and the wall thickness of the concave cavity of the wrapping sleeve is 50-60% of the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the wrapping sleeve.
In some embodiments, the inner wall surface of the cavity at the upper end of the packing case is in circular arc transition with the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the packing case, and the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the packing case is in circular arc transition with the upper end cover of the packing case, so that the alloy is in smooth transition on different deformation scales by a deformation operator.
For example, a circular arc transition engagement may be employed that is the same as or opposite to the recess in the cavity of the capsule shell. The radius of the arc is controlled to be 5-10 mm.
In some embodiments, the height of the recess in the cavity of the sheath is positively correlated with the original height of the alloy billet bar and the preset deformation of the alloy. The height of the deformed alloy blank bars with different preset deformation amounts is matched with the concave part in the cavity of the packing shell.
Specifically, the height of the concave part in the cavity of the packing shell is the product of the original height of the alloy blank rod and the preset deformation of the alloy blank rod.
In this case, a complete sheath suitable for hot forging of difficult-to-deform alloy is provided, and as shown in fig. 1, the sheath comprises a sheath shell 1, an upper end cover 2, a high-temperature adhesive 3, heat insulation cotton 4, a lower end cover 5 and an alloy bar 6. Wherein, the materials and the sizes of the sheath shell, the upper end cover and the lower end cover, and the thermal insulation cotton and the adhesive are adaptively selected according to the thermal calcining forming requirements of different alloys within the scope of the embodiment. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
during forging, firstly cleaning the surface of an alloy blank rod, timely drying the blank, and then placing the cleaned alloy blank rod into a heating furnace for primary heat preservation and heating; after cooling, uniformly coating the high-temperature adhesive on the heat-preserving cotton, and then coating the heat-preserving cotton coated with the high-temperature adhesive on the outer surface of the heated and alloy blank rod; finally, putting the coated alloy blank rod into a heating furnace again for secondary heat preservation; placing the packing sleeve shell and the lower end cover on a press, placing the heated alloy blank rod into the packing sleeve shell, closing the buckle, and finally placing the upper end cover to form a whole. The assembled monolith is then forged on a press.
In the forging process, the double-layer heat preservation effect of the aluminum silicate fiber blanket and the sheath shell greatly slows down the loss of the temperature of the blank, and ensures the temperature required during forging; the aluminum silicate fiber blanket also avoids the direct contact between the blank and metal, improves the surface quality of the forging piece, and has the soft characteristic without affecting the forging precision; the rounded corner feature of the packing shell promotes the flow of materials, and simultaneously provides three-dimensional compressive stress for the blank to prevent the generation of cracks, so that the packing shell has the advantage of not deforming along with the materials, can be repeatedly used in actual production, and greatly saves resources. The method can better ensure the temperature during forging when being used for forging the alloy difficult to deform, improve microstructure, control internal stress and improve the production efficiency and performance of the forging piece.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A cladding method suitable for alloy hot forging forming, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Heating and preserving heat for the first time, cooling, wrapping heat preservation cotton on the outer surface of the alloy blank rod by using an adhesive, and then heating and preserving heat for the second time;
(2) Packaging the alloy blank rod coated with the heat-insulating cotton by using a sheath; the jacket comprises a jacket body with an upper opening and a lower opening, and an upper end cover and a lower end cover which are respectively arranged at two ends of the jacket body.
2. The cladding method for hot forging alloy according to claim 1, wherein the cavity formed by the cladding case is divided into a cavity at the upper end of the cladding case and a cavity at the lower end of the cladding case, and the cavity wall thickness at the upper end of the cladding case is larger than the cavity wall thickness at the lower end of the cladding case, so that the inner face of the lower end of the cladding case forms a cavity concave part of the cladding case;
the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the wrapping sleeve is 50-60 mm, and the wall thickness of the concave cavity of the wrapping sleeve is 50-60% of the wall thickness of the cavity at the upper end of the wrapping sleeve.
3. The cladding method suitable for alloy hot forging forming according to claim 2, wherein the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the cladding shell and the inner wall surface of the cavity of the upper end of the cladding shell, and the inner wall surface of the concave part in the cavity of the cladding shell and the lower end cover are all transited through circular arcs, and the radius of the circular arcs is 5-10 mm.
4. The cladding method for hot forging alloy according to claim 2, wherein the height of the cavity recess of the cladding shell is a product of the original height of the alloy ingot and the preset deformation amount of the alloy ingot.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a gap exists between the inner surface of the jacket shell and the insulation wool; wherein the distance of the gap is 10-20% of the diameter of the alloy blank rod.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sheath is made of stainless steel.
7. The cladding method for hot forging alloy according to claim 1, wherein said lower end cap or said upper end cap is fixed to said cladding shell by at least one snap.
8. The cladding method for hot forging alloy according to claim 2, wherein the upper end cap is smaller than the cavity inner diameter of the upper end of the shell by 5-10 mm, and the lower end cap is smaller than the cavity inner diameter of the lower end of the shell by 5-10 mm; the thickness of the lower end cover and the upper end cover is 30-40 mm.
9. The cladding method for hot forging alloy according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the primary heating and the temperature of the secondary heating are both the temperature of the alloy blank rod during hot forging; the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
10. The sheathing method for alloy hot forging according to claim 1, wherein the heat-insulating cotton is an aluminum silicate fiber blanket or an aluminum silicate blanket; the thickness of the aluminum silicate fiber blanket is 30-40 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum silicate fiber blanket is 5-10 mm.
CN202311856601.8A 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming Pending CN117655254A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311856601.8A CN117655254A (en) 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311856601.8A CN117655254A (en) 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN117655254A true CN117655254A (en) 2024-03-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202311856601.8A Pending CN117655254A (en) 2023-12-29 2023-12-29 Sheath method suitable for alloy hot forging forming

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