CN117652531B - Method for preventing and killing mikania micrantha seedlings by using sweet wormwood plant leaching solution and herbicide - Google Patents
Method for preventing and killing mikania micrantha seedlings by using sweet wormwood plant leaching solution and herbicide Download PDFInfo
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and killing Mikania micrantha seedlings by using sweet wormwood plant extract liquid and herbicide, which comprises the steps of adding 750-900L/hm sweet wormwood extract liquid into stem and leaf treatment herbicide with prevention effect on Mikania micrantha 2 The application of the herbicide can obviously reduce the dosage of the two chemical herbicides and improve the control effect. The herbicide is prepared from 483.3-603.9 g/hm of triclopyr 2 Or 352.8-446.3 g/hm of fluroxypyr 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sweet wormwood plants are fresh or air-dried plants on the ground harvested 5-30 days before flowering; the leaching solution is prepared by soaking 50kg of fresh or air-dried plant fragments of sweet wormwood in 100L of clear water, leaching for 5-7 hours at 50-65 ℃ and then filtering; the application time is the seedling stage of the growth of the seedlings of mikania micrantha for 30-60 days or the seedling stage of the regeneration for 30-45 days; the application method is that herbicide is mixed with sweet wormwood extract 750-900L/hm 2 Spraying stems and leaves. The technology remarkably improves the efficacy, selectivity and safety of chemical control of mikania micrantha, and has important substantial significance for green control of the important invasive species.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection for invasive plant prevention and control, in particular to a method for preventing and killing mikania micrantha seedlings by using sweet wormwood plant leaching liquor and herbicide.
Background
Mikania micrantha @Mikania micrantha) Originating from central south america and invading Yunnan and Guangdong in China in 20 th centuryEast, hainan et al (Zhang)et al,2009). The ecological system can rapidly spread into various agricultural ecological systems and natural vegetation ecological systems in invasive places, and seriously jeopardize the agriculture and forestry production and the ecological safety thereof (Yu et al, 2008). The invasive plant has strong ecological adaptability, and the tropical zone and the subtropical zone are potential diffusion risk areas, so that the invasive plant is easy to invade farmlands, orchards, barren lands and forest lands, and various habitat types such as highways, lakes, rivers, ditches, pond edges and the like (Wu Huijing and the like, 2010). Mikania micrantha has strong growth and reproduction ability, stress resistance and inter-species competition ability (Clements)et al,2019). The invasive plant proved to be the best control period due to slow growth and poor stress resistance in seedlings. Once the plant enters the vigorous growth period or the flowering and fruiting period, the plant grows more than 1.2 m at the fastest time every day, the main stem and branches in one year can reach more than kilometers, and more than 4 hundred million seeds are produced simultaneously, which is considered as the most difficult prevention and control period (Zhanget al,2009). The population establishment, spread and outbreak of mikania micrantha are mainly dependent on the number of propagated seedling populations, not only by seed propagated seedlings, but also by stem asexually propagated seedlings. Both methods can produce a large number of plants, and the regenerated seedlings have stronger stress resistance than the seedlings and have a fast growth speed (Zhang Fudou, 2015).
At present, the physical or chemical prevention and control measures commonly used in production are difficult to achieve the aim of efficient prevention and control, and the invasive plant can restore the original coverage and even aggravate diffusion (2015 such as Zhang Fudou) usually 3-6 months after prevention and control. After the mikania micrantha invades a farmland or woodland, the mikania micrantha can climb to the tops of other plants to form a huge covering layer, seriously affect photosynthesis of the other plants and even suffocate death, and simultaneously release allelochemicals to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of local plants (Michal)et al,2016). Therefore, in 2012 of China, the name of foreign invasive species is promulgated by national important management, and the foreign invasive species are listed into important invasive species which are widely distributed, serious in hazard and difficult to prevent and control.
Due to the severity of the mikania micrantha hazard and the importance of prevention and control, the comprehensive treatment technology of invasive plants is highly concerned in the fields of domestic and foreign plant protection, agricultural environment and plant ecology for a long time, and domestic and foreign peer researches on agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control, ecological control and the like are actively progressed (Zhang Guoliang and the like, 2008). However, due to the complex and diverse ecology and habitat of the invasion of the mikania micrantha, various measures cannot overcome the defects of the prior art effect, so that the mikania micrantha is difficult to popularize and apply in a large area. Chemical control mainly using herbicide has the technical effects of high control efficiency, high speed, low cost and the like, and becomes a control means mainly depending on production. However, the existing herbicides such as glyphosate, 2,4-D and sulfometuron-methyl have the problems of low selectivity, poor safety, serious environmental pollution and the like, so that the deficiencies of short duration and serious phytotoxicity are difficult to solve for a long time, and the risks of enhancing the drug resistance of invasive plants, accelerating community succession and greatly influencing ecology are caused (Guo Qiongxia, 2001).
In view of the importance, necessity and irreplaceability of the herbicide in preventing and controlling the serious invasive plants such as mikania micrantha, eupatorium adenophorum, alternanthera philoxeroides and the like. Based on the evaluation and screening of high-activity herbicide, the field of biological invasion prevention and control at home and abroad is innovated, developed and scientific medication technology to reduce the dependence on pesticides and chemical auxiliaries thereof so as to realize the prevention and control targets of high efficiency, safety and greenness. Aiming at the chemical prevention and removal aspect of mikania micrantha, some research works are developed in the aspects of herbicide and biology (Shenshi, 2014), herbicide and herbicide (Zhang Fudou, 2014), herbicide and chemical auxiliary agent (Xu Gaofeng and the like, 2014) and the like, and some formulas, compositions or preparations are developed, so that the actual production requirements of local control and scientific prevention and control are met.
In recent years, plant resources and agricultural products thereof have been developed successfully, such as sweet potato allelochemicals (Shenet al2016), rice chaff weed control (equal length, 2006) and brassinosteroids (Zhu Zaobing, 2016), and the development of green herbicides and application technologies thereof. Herba Artemisiae AnnuaeArtemisia caruifolia) Is an annual herb plant of Artemisia of Compositae, is mainly produced in China and distributed throughout the north and south of China, and is commonly found in valleys, forest edges, orchards, barren lands, river banks, roadsides and the like, due to individual biomassAnd a large population number, and they are often used as control targets for malignant weeds in the agricultural field (Lv Jianping, etc., 2015). In recent years, many of the medicinal, insecticidal, bactericidal and herbicidal activities and the active ingredients thereof have been found to be hot spots in the fields of medical and agricultural research (Zhou Lijuan et al 2012; li Haibo et al 2019). If the herbicide is applied to herbicide application technology, the control effect on mikania micrantha is improved, and the dosage of chemical herbicide is reduced, the high-efficiency, safe and green control effect on the serious invasive plant can be achieved. So far, the interaction effect of the extract and herbicide is rarely reported. Therefore, through researching the toxicity of extracts of different plants of the artemisia on mikania micrantha and the interaction effect of the extracts with different herbicides, a technical method for applying the herbicide is developed, the technical method has obvious advanced, creative and substantial technical characteristics on the reduced application and synergistic effect of the chemical herbicide, and has better application prospect in the green prevention and control of the serious invasive plant.
Therefore, the application provides a method for preventing and killing the mikania micrantha seedlings by using the sweet wormwood straw extract liquid and applying herbicide.
Reference to the literature
[1] Clements D.R, Day M.D, OEGGERLIV,Shen S.C, Weston L.A,Xu G.F, Zhang F.D. 2019. Site-specifific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha. Weed Research,. https:// doi.org/10.1111/wre.12359
[2] Michal D.D., David R.C., Cbritine G., Wilmot K.A.D, Senaratne, ShenS.C., Leslie A.W. and Zhang F.D. 2016. Biology and impacts of Pacific islands invasive speciesMiknia micranthaKunth. Pacific Science,70(3):257-285
[3] Shen C.C., Xu G.F., David R.C., Jin G. M, Liu S.F., Yang Y.X., ChenA.D., Zhang F.D., Hisashi K.D. 2016. Suppression of reproductive characteristics of the invasive plantMikania micranthaby sweet potato competition, BMC Ecology, 16(30): 2-9
[4] Yu H., Yu F.H., Miao S.L., Dong M. 2008. HoloparasticCuscuta campetrissuppresses invasiveMikania micranthaand contributes to native community recovery. Biologica Conservation,141:2653-2661
[5] Zhang L.L., Wen D.Z., Fu. S.L. 2009. Responses of photosyntheticparameters of Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata to contrasting irradiance and soil moisture. Biologia Plantrum, 53 (3): 517-522
[6] NY/T1155.7 pesticide indoor biological assay test criteria combined action assay of herbicide seventh part compounding
[7] Is prepared from the plant seeds according to the formula Ma Jun, xue Guoxiang. Research on rice chaff grass inhibition in rice intensified cultivation [ J ]. Xichang university report (Nature science edition), 2006, (1): 6-9
[8] Guo Qiongxia, qiangsheng, lin Jincheng, 2005, biological properties of Mikania micrantha and comprehensive treatment thereof, wuyi science, 21:72-76
[9] Li Haibo, qin Dapeng, ge, wang Zhenzhong, cao Liang, sho Wei, in the ocean, yao Xinsheng. Research on chemical ingredients and pharmacological actions of Artemisia annua [ J ]. Chinese herbal medicine, 2019, 50 (14): 3461-3470
[10] Lv Jianping, , aidong, yang Qinzhong, etc. crop pest generation and hazard characteristics in Yunnan province, yunnan education Press.2015, 79-87
[11] Judgment of the Mixed Effect of Qian ban hero and herbicide (I) weed science 1989 (4): 35-37
[12] Until now, zhang Fudou, xu Gaofeng, etc. 2014A method for controlling Mikania micrantha by using alternative control in combination with herbicide application, the Chinese intellectual property agency, ZL 201210533086.5
[13] Wu Huijing, once-glow, , qiji 2010. Research on invasion and diffusion mechanism of mikania micrantha has progressed and improved thought. Tropical subtropical plant theory, 18 (1): 101-108
[14] Xu Gaofeng, zhang Fudou, shen, li Tianlin, a herbicide composition for preventing and treating mikania micrantha fluorine-containing grass smoke, a preparation method thereof, 2014.02.19, china intellectual property office, ZL 201110445685.7
[15] Zhang Fudou, xu Gaofeng, li Tianlin method for controlling mikania micrantha by mixing fluroxypyr with ametryn, 2014.05.07, china intellectual property office, ZL 20101010275608.7
[16] Zhang Fudou, yue Ying, ji Mei, etc. 2015. Invasion hazard of Mikania micrantha in Yunnan province, prevention and control thereof, yunnan scientific and technological Press, 68-98
[17] Zhang Guoliang, wei Dong, liu Kun, etc. 2008. Agricultural significant exotic invasive organisms science Press 23-130
[18] Zhou Lijuan, sang Xiaoqing, sun Yongyan, etc. pesticidal activity of plants of the genus Artemisia and their active ingredients, university of Jiangxi agricultural university, 2012, 34 (4): 699-705
[19] Zhu Zaobing, lai Caiyu, kaiqian, et al, brassinosteroids and physiological effect research progress in seed germination: 13-20
[20] 2012, national center for major management foreign invasive species directory (first lot), http:// jiuban. Moa. Gov. Cn/zwllm/tzgg/gg/201303/t20130304_3237544.Htm
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a technical method for reducing application and improving efficiency of herbicide by utilizing a native plant sweet wormwood widely distributed in a growing area of an external invasive plant Mikania micrantha Gan Jushi, further carrying out plant leaching and then carrying out combined application with triclopyr or fluroxypyr, and carrying out stem and leaf treatment in a Mikania micrantha seedling stage, so as to overcome the defects of low control efficiency, poor selectivity and poor safety of the existing herbicide and realize the purposes of high-efficiency, safe and green prevention and control of the important invasive plant.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preventing and killing the seedlings of mikania micrantha by using the extract of sweet wormwood plant and herbicide features that the natural plant sweet wormwood which is widely distributed in the proper region of China is used to treat the stems and leaves of mikania micrantha in the seedling stage by mixing the extract of fresh or air dried plant with triclopyr or fluroxypyr.
Preferably, the herbicide triclopyr or fluroxypyr for preventing and killing broadleaf weeds in orchards, rubber gardens and uncultivated areas is adopted according to the ratio of 483.3 to the total603.9g/ hm 2 Or 352.8-446.3 g/hm 2 And (3) application.
Preferably, the fresh or air-dried plants on the ground harvested 5-30 days before the sweet wormwood flowers are ready for use.
Preferably, 50kg of fresh or air-dried sweet wormwood plants are chopped, 100L of water is added, and the sweet wormwood plants are leached for 5 to 7 hours at the temperature of 50 to 65 ℃ and filtered for use.
Preferably, 483.3-603.9 g/hm of triclopyr is used 2 Or fluroxypyr 352.8-446.3 g/hm 2 Adding 750-900L/hm of sweet wormwood extract 2 Spraying stems and leaves.
Preferably, the herbicide can be applied to the farmland where rubber, citrus, corn, sweet potato or interplanted, when the seedlings of mikania micrantha grow for 30-60 days or the seedling stage where the regenerated seedlings grow for 30-45 days for stem and leaf treatment, the prevention and control effect reaches more than 90%, and the herbicide decrement application is more than 37.0%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the sweet wormwood plant extract and herbicide to be applied, improves the drug effect, selectivity and safety of the herbicide, realizes the effect reduction and synergy, and protects the ecological environment. The application auxiliary agent for mixed use of chemical herbicide is provided by utilizing local plant sweet wormwood resources widely distributed in a foreign invasive plant Mirabilitum Gan Jushi living area, and collecting and leaching in a proper period. Overcomes the problem of poor selectivity of the application of the existing chemical herbicide, and remarkably improves the prevention and removal effect on the major invasive plant.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 comparison of biological Activity of Artemisia plant extract on Mikania micrantha seedlings
The investigation method comprises the following steps: period 5 months in 2020Cutting the mikania micrantha plant into 8-10 cm stem segments with one node and 2 new leaves, cutting the mikania micrantha plant into flowerpots with the diameter of 5cm according to the number of 5 plants/pot, and placing the flowerpots in a greenhouse at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ for culture. Meanwhile, the species of Artemisia plants in the areas of Dehong, baoshan, lincang, pu' er and the like in Gan Jushi raw areas of Yunnan province are investigated, and the widely-distributed Artemisia is collected in the growing vigorous periodArtemisiaL.) 6 plants including mugwort @A.argyiLevl et Vant), artemisia annua (L.) Hemsl.)A.annuaL, herba Artemisiae AnnuaeA. apiacea HanceRadix et rhizoma Rhei and herba Artemisiae AnnuaeA. ieversianaEhhart ex willd.), artemisia capillaris, and the plant of the genus artemisiaA. capillarisThunder god vine and artemisia japonicaA. japonicaThunder) fresh plants.
The fresh plants of 6 Artemisia plants such as mugwort are collected and taken back into the experiment, firstly washed by clean water, cut into 2-3 cm fragments, weighed 10kg and soaked by 20L clean water. Soaking in a constant temperature pot at 25-30 ℃ for 9h, filtering and quantifying to 100L, and storing the leaching solution marked as 500g/L in a refrigerator at 5 ℃ for later use. 15 d after the potted mikania micrantha in the greenhouse survives, respectively placing 20 pots in one 6.7m 2 Spraying 6L leaching solutions of plants of different Artemisia on the plant surface of Mikania micrantha, and converting to 9000L/hm 2 The amount is used to become the leaching solution Treatment (TR). The blank control treatment (CK) was sprayed with clear water. The spray-treated mikania micrantha seedlings were returned to the greenhouse for cultivation, and the poisoning symptoms of the plants, the new tips and the new leaves of the mikania micrantha seedlings were observed at 7d and 14d after the treatment, respectively, and the plant heights (cm) and fresh weights (g) of the treatments were investigated at 21 d. The inhibition ratio (%) against the plant height and fresh weight of mikania micrantha seedlings was calculated according to the formula "inhibition ratio (%) = (plant height or fresh weight of CK-TR) ×100/plant height or fresh weight of CK", respectively.
Investigation result: after spraying the leaching solutions of different plants of the artemisia, the plants treated by the leaching solution of the artemisia are observed, the yellowing symptoms of leaves are obvious on the 7d plant, and the other treatments do not show poisoning symptoms. After the sweet wormwood leaching solution is treated, the growth of the mikania micrantha plants is stopped, the new and new She Kusi are obvious, and the mikania micrantha Gan Juxin leaves treated by the sweet wormwood leaching solution and the artemisia rupestris also show yellowing poisoning. The aerial parts of the mikania micrantha plants are harvested at 21d in each treatment, the length of the main stems is investigated as the plant height, the fresh weights of the aerial parts are weighed, and the inhibition rates are calculated respectively and are shown in Table 1.
The inhibition rate (%) of 6 artemisia plant extracts on the mikania micrantha seedlings is calculated by investigation in the table 1, and the growth of the mikania micrantha seedlings is inhibited after the mikania micrantha seedlings are treated by mugwort, sweet wormwood and artemisia rupestris extracts, and the inhibition rate is obvious compared with the plant with high fresh weight inhibition rate. Wherein, the sweet wormwood leaching liquor treatment of the series 1-3 has obvious poisoning to the mikania micrantha, the seedling growth of the mikania micrantha is obviously inhibited, and the inhibition rates (%) of plant height and fresh weight are respectively 32.1% and 35.4%; secondly, the mugwort leaching solutions of the embodiment series 1-4 and the mugwort leaching solutions of the embodiment series 1-1 have a certain influence on the growth of the mikania micrantha seedlings, the plant height inhibition rates (%) are 19.5% and 16.4% respectively, and the fresh weight inhibition rates (%) are 23.3% and 21.4% respectively. The result shows that 10kg of plants of sweet wormwood, artemisia rupestris and mugwort are leached by 20L clear water, after the seedlings of mikania micrantha grow to 30d, the seedlings of mikania micrantha are sprayed by 9000L/hm 2, the seedlings of mikania micrantha have biological activity for inhibiting the growth of the seedlings of mikania micrantha, and the leaching solution of the sweet wormwood plants is used for remarkably poisoning and inhibiting the mikania micrantha, and the inhibition rate is more than 30 percent, so that the method is an important basis for the technical characteristics and the technical effects of the invention.
TABLE 1 biological Activity of different plant extracts of Artemisia on Mikania micrantha seedlings
Remarks: the poisoning condition is observed and represented according to a 5-level grading method, wherein the 0 level is no difference from a blank control, the 1 level is slight yellowing of leaves and new branches, and plants grow normally; the level 2 is that leaves and new branches turn yellow, and plant growth is obviously inhibited; the stage 3 is that the leaves wither and new branches turn yellow obviously, and the plant growth is inhibited seriously; the 4 level is leaf and new branch withering, and the plant can not grow; the 5 grade plants are all dead. The biological activities of the different extracts were multiple compared (p=0.05) using the new complex pole difference method with Duncan's lower case letters after different inhibition rates in the same column.
Example 2 screening of Artemisia annua plants leaching method
Test materials: in the screening of the Artemisia plants based on the embodiment 1, the water extract of the sweet wormwood has relatively strong toxicity and biological activity on the seedlings of the mikania micrantha. The sweet wormwood bred in the base homozoo is further leached in a constant temperature pot with 20L clean water at 20 ℃, 35 ℃,50 ℃ and 65 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively in a seedling stage (30 d after emergence), a growing vigorous stage (30 d before flowering), 5d before flowering, a flowering stage (90 d after emergence) and a seed setting stage (105 d after emergence), and five leaching treatments of 3h, 5h, 7h, 9h and 11h are respectively carried out according to the extraction time under each temperature condition.
The test method comprises the following steps: the seedlings of mikania micrantha used in the test were cultivated according to example 1 and after their survival for 30d, 5 pots each were subjected to different temperatures and leaching treatments. The spraying method is similar to the implementation series 1, the stem and leaf is sprayed on the Mikania micrantha seedling according to 900L/hm 2 Calculated and applied by a Potter quantitative spray tower of 90 ml/m 2 . Example 1 shows that the leaching solution of the Artemisia plant has obvious effect of inhibiting the fresh weight of mikania micrantha. Thus, after 21d treatment of the sweet wormwood extract, the fresh weight (g) of each treatment was investigated. Fresh weight inhibition (%) of mikania micrantha seedlings was calculated according to the formula described in example 1.
TABLE 2 biological Activity of Artemisia annua on Mikania micrantha seedlings during different growth stages and extraction modes thereof
Remarks: duncan's new complex polar method multiple compares the biological activity of different leaches (P=0.05), the same row of comparison results differ by capital letters and the same column of comparison results differ by lowercase letters.
Test results: the biological activity of 100 leaching samples obtained after the plants of the sweet wormwood in different growing periods are treated at different soaking temperatures and times is detected by the seedlings of mikania micrantha, and the results are shown in Table 2. The leaching solution of the sweet wormwood before flowering has obviously stronger toxicity to the mikania micrantha seedlings than the seed setting period and has relatively lower toxicity in the seedling period. The higher the temperature and the longer the time of leaching treatment, the higher the biological activity of the sweet wormwood in the leaching solution of the plant before flowers; however, the difference between the extraction conditions at 50-65 ℃ and 65-80 ℃ is not obvious, and the inhibition effect of the extraction for 5-7 hours is obviously higher than that of the extraction for 3 hours.
Test results show that the technical characteristics are that 10kg of fresh plants are collected 5-30 d before the sweet wormwood flowers bloom, and extracted for 5-7 h by 20L of water at 50-65 ℃, compared with other treatments, extracting solutions (series 2-8, 2-9, 2-13 and 2-14 are implemented) with higher relative toxicity can be obtained, the inhibition rate of the fresh weight of the growth of the mikania micrantha seedlings can reach more than 42.6%, and the inhibition rate (25.1%) of the young seedling stage plants (series 2-1) extracted for 3h at 20-35 ℃ is obviously improved by 17.5%.
Example 3 determination of toxicity of herbicide to Mikania micrantha
Test materials: the 6 herbicides tested were 41% glyphosate AS (Glyphosate) (Mongolian Co., ltd.), 25% Fomesafen AS (Fomesafen) (Sanguinea, canon Le. Pesticide Co., ltd.), 480 g/L Triclopyr (Shandong Eisen chemical Co., ltd.), 21% clopyralid SL (Aminopyralid) (Yitai Biotechnology Co., hangzhou), 200 g/L fluroxypyr EC (Fluroxypyr) (An Daomai Huifeng Co., ltd.), 75% clopyralid SG (Clopyralid) (Jiangsu Rubang Agents chemical Co., ltd.). The same materials as in examples 1-2 were used to form regenerated seedlings of mikania micrantha by cutting.
The test method comprises the following steps: and (3) cutting the regenerated seedlings of the mikania micrantha by using a plastic tray (5 cm multiplied by 5 cm) until the regenerated seedlings survive for 30 days, and measuring the toxicity of 6 herbicides such as glyphosate, fomesafen, triclopyr and the like. Each herbicide was prepared according to glyphosate 1800g (ai)/hm respectively 2 Fomesafen 375 g (ai)/hm 2 Triclopyr 900 g (ai)/hm 2 Picloram 1200g (ai)/hm 2 Fluroxypyr 450 g (ai)/hm 2 And clopyralid 270 g (ai)/hm 2 The concentrations of the recommended amounts of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 times the amount treatment were set (see table 3).The biological activity of the mikania micrantha seedlings is measured by 5 treatments with different dosage, and the application is performed according to 9000L/hm 2 Adding water, spraying the stems and leaves by using a Potter spraying tower, and setting the spraying water treatment as a blank Control (CK), wherein each treatment is repeated for 4 times.
The test is carried out while fresh plants are collected 5-30 d before the sweet wormwood flowers bloom, and 5kg, 10kg, 15kg, 20kg and 25kg of fresh water are respectively extracted according to 20L, and the fresh plants are extracted for 5-7 h at 50-65 ℃ in the same way as in the example 2. The leachates obtained were marked as concentrations of 250g/L, 500g/L, 750g/L, 1000g/L and 1250g/L, respectively.
The fresh weight (g) of each treated mikania micrantha seedling was investigated by the method of example 2 at 21d after the spraying treatment of the mikania micrantha seedling with the chemical agent, and the fresh weight inhibition rate (%) against mikania micrantha seedling was calculated. And (3) taking the inhibition rate on the fresh weight of mikania micrantha as an objective function (Y), taking the dosage of each medicament as X, and establishing a virulence regression equation of Y (%) -X (concentration g/L). After passing the correlation coefficient test, the concentration in inhibition (EC is calculated 90 ) And comparing the activities.
TABLE 3 determination of toxicity of different herbicides and sweet wormwood extracts on Mikania micrantha
Remarks: concentration per hm 2 The herbicide dosage (g) of the formula (I) is added with 900L/post-water concentration (g/L).
Test results: by taking the spraying concentration (g/L) of each herbicide and the sweet wormwood leaching solution in Table 3 as variables and the inhibition rate (%) of the sweet wormwood seedling as an objective function (Y), establishing a toxicity regression equation of 6 herbicides such as glyphosate and the sweet wormwood leaching solution on the sweet wormwood seedling, solving the EC on the sweet wormwood seedling 90 Values. By comparison of EC of mikania micrantha 90 The values can be seen that the biological activity of 6 herbicides on mikania micrantha is clopyralid>Fomesafen>Fluroxypyr acid>Triclopyr acid>Picloram acid>Glyphosate at a concentration (EC) that achieves 90% control of mikania micrantha 90 ) The converted dosage is 436.5, 604.8, 708.3, 1163.7 and 1199 in turn7 and 2091.6 g (ai)/hm 2 Is significantly higher than the activity (ED) of the sweet wormwood extract 90 = 1858.838 g/L). ED according to Artemisia annua 90 Calculated, 1672.95kg/hm is adopted for preventing and controlling 90% of mikania micrantha seedlings 2 The liquid extraction is carried out at about 111.5. 111.5 kg per mu, and the required amount is large. The result shows that although the sweet wormwood leaching solution has a certain control effect on mikania micrantha, the biological activity is extremely low compared with chemical herbicide, and the sweet wormwood leaching solution is difficult to be singly used.
Example 4 determination of the interaction Effect of Artemisia annua plant extract and herbicide
The test method comprises the following steps: according to the experimental result of example 3, the combined action of the seventh part of herbicide compounding is determined according to the current indoor biological assay criteria of pesticides in China (NY/T1155.7). 900L/hm of the 6 kinds of the glyphosate used in the example 3 were respectively mixed 2 Clean water is respectively changed into 900L/hm 2 The sweet wormwood water extracts with different concentrations are fully and evenly shaken and then are sprayed by a spray tower stem and leaf. The test materials and investigation method were the same as those of the regenerated seedlings obtained by cutting mikania micrantha of example 3.
5 concentrations of each herbicide are respectively mixed with 5 concentrations of sweet wormwood water extract, and 150 combinations of 6 herbicides are respectively repeated for 4 times. The actual control effect (E) on mikania micrantha was calculated as control effect (%) = (control fresh weight-treated fresh weight) ×100/control fresh weight. The rationality of the combined action type and the proportion of the sweet wormwood leaching solution after herbicide is applied is evaluated according to the Gowing method described in NY/T1155.7. According to the control effects of different dosage in Table 3, the theoretical control effects of the herbicide combination of the sweet wormwood leaching solution (E 0 ) According to E 0 Calculation of an equation of =x+y (100-X)/100; wherein: control effect (%) of X-herbicides; Y-Artemisia annua control effect (%); e-sweet wormwood leaching liquor is matched with actual control effect (%) after herbicide combination.
EC against toxicity of Mikania micrantha after comparative combination 90 Values and differences (E-E 0 ) The value, analyze the interaction effect of the sweet wormwood leaching solution and herbicide, according to the actual control effect (E) and the theoretical control effect (E) 0 ) And screening out synergistic combination series, and calculating the optimum proportion of concentration of herbicide and sweet wormwood extract.
E-E 0 >10% is synergistic effect; E-E 0 Between 10% is additive; E-E 0 <10% are antagonistic. E-E 0 The larger the value, the more remarkable the synergy.
Test results: 6 herbicides and different concentrations thereof are applied by different sweet wormwood leaching solutions, and the control effect (%) on the control effect of the mikania micrantha seedlings is achieved by the actual control effect (E) and the theoretical control effect (E) 0 ) The results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from the implementation of the series 4-1 to 4-5, antagonism is generated after Shi Caogan phosphine is prepared from the sweet wormwood leaching solution, and the EC calculated by the established toxicity regression equation can be seen from the preparation of 250-1250 g/L of glyphosate in the sweet wormwood leaching solution in Table 5 90 The value of the catalyst was 2.738-3.02 g/L, which was the same as that of EC obtained in Table 3 in series 3-1 90 The value (2.342 g/L) is large; as can be seen from the implementation series 4-6 to 4-10, the herba Artemisiae Annuae leaching solution is mixed with fomesafen to produce antagonism (E-E) under the high concentration of herbicide of 0.521 g/L or 1250g/L 0 <10 percent) and other proportions are addition (E-E 0 =10%; the implementation series 4-16-4-20 and 4-26-4-30 can be seen that the concentration of picloram is 1.000-1.333 g/L (the dosage is 1200-1500 g/hm) 2 ) Or clopyralid with a concentration of 0.225-0.300 g/L (202.5-270.0 g/hm) 2 ) After that, only the addition effect is produced by the combination of 750g/L and 900 g/L of sweet wormwood extract, and the other treatments produce antagonism, and EC calculated by a toxicity regression equation (see Table 5) 90 Values and LD obtained by carrying out series 3-2 in Table 3 90 The difference in values is not large.
TABLE 4 determination of the interaction Effect of Artemisia annua plant extract and herbicide
Note that the designations "R", "a" and "S" in the table are antagonism, addition and synergy, respectively, after mixing.
As can be seen from the results of the series 4-11 to 4-15 and 4-21 to 4-25 in Table 4, the concentration of triclopyr is 0.50 to 0.75g/L (the dosage is 450 to 675) in the sweet wormwood extract 750g/L and 900 g/L respectively g/hm 2 ) Or fluroxypyr with a concentration of 0.375 to 0.500 g/L (337.0.0-450.0 g/hm) 2 ) The interaction synergy is remarkable. Adding triclopyr 225 or 900 g/hm into herba Artemisiae Annuae leaching solution 225-1125 g/L 2 Or fluroxypyr 112.5 or 450.0 g/hm 2 The dosage of the additive agent generates an additive effect.
TABLE 5 toxicity regression equation of herbicide under the formulation of sweet wormwood extract and its solution
Remarks: the values and values of the blended water are calculated by using the toxicity regression equation after the blended water is applied in Table 3, ED 90 The dosage for controlling the hair reaches 90 percent according to the dosage of 900L/hm 2 Multiplying by its concentration EC 90 Values.
EC calculated by the toxicity regression equation of triclopyr and fluroxypyr respectively in the concentration of 750g/L or 1000g/L of sweet wormwood herb leaching solution is applied respectively 90 EC calculated by the fluroxypyr virulence regression equation with values of 0.671g/L and 0.537g/L respectively 90 The values are respectively 0.446g/L and 0.392g/L, and EC is applied by the combination of clear water with triclopyr and fluroxypyr 90 The values (1.293 and 0.787 g/L respectively) are small, and remarkable interaction synergy is obtained. ED for two herbicides was calculated from Table 5 90 The values can be seen that the dosage of the triclopyr and the fluroxypyr for obtaining 90 percent of control effect is 483.3 to 603.9g/hm respectively under the condition that the concentration of the sweet wormwood extract is 750 to 1000g/L 2 And 352.8 to 446.4g/hm 2 ED of triclopyr and fluroxypyr are respectively administered with clear water 90 (1163.7 g/hm respectively) 2 And 708.3 g/hm 2 ) Compared with the prior art, the dosage of the two herbicides is respectively reduced by 48.1 to 58.5 percent and 37.0 to 50.2 percent. The result shows that the technical characteristics can improve the control effect on the mikania micrantha by 90%, and the substantial technical effect of herbicide decrement application by more than 37.0% can be achieved.
Example 5 safety and selectivity of herbicide formulation in Artemisia annua
Test materials: based on the technical scheme of applying triclopyr and fluroxypyr to the sweet wormwood leach liquor obtained in example 4, the safety of the sweet wormwood leach liquor to crops is detected. The project further interplants corn and sweet potato gramineae and broadleaf crops in rubber and citrus orchards where mikania micrantha occurs throughout the year in the suburban area of switzerland (97 ° 68'29 "east longitude, 23 ° 86' 75" north latitude, and 1206.3 meters altitude) in the province of yunnan, respectively. The same procedure as in example 3 was carried out with different amounts of triclopyr and fluroxypyr being used, and 750 to 900L/hm of clear water being added 2 And 750 to 900L/hm of sweet wormwood extract mixed with the embodiment 4 2 And processing, and performing safety and selectivity tests.
The test method comprises the following steps: after soil is cultivated in the test field in 5 months 2022, the rubber and citrus orchard are respectively processed according to 21 treatments required by the test, and the areas of the good areas (4 times of repetition) are 20 m 2 . And interplanting sweet potatoes in the rubber garden and corn in the citrus garden within a period of 1-10 days in 5 months. Through observation and monitoring, after the mikania micrantha seedlings emerge for 20-30 d, corn grows to 4-5 leaves, sweet potatoes grows to 6-8 leaves, and directional stem leaf spraying is performed in time by the following treatment.
Test treatment: the rubber/sweet potato interplanting garden and the citrus/corn interplanting garden are provided with 21 treatments:
series 5-1 to 5-5: triclopyr 241.7, 483.3, 603.9, 724.5 and 845.1 g/hm 2
750 to 900L/hm of clear water is respectively added for 5 treatments 2 Spray g/hm 2 。
Series 5-6 to 5-10: triclopyr 3241.7, 483.3, 603.9, 724.5 and 845.1 g/hm 2 Respectively adding 750-900L/hm of sweet wormwood extract into 5 treatments of sweet wormwood extract 2 Spray g/hm 2 。
Series 5-11 to 5-15: fluroxypyr 176.4, 352.8, 446.4, 540.0 and 633.6 g/hm 2 750 to 900L/hm of clear water is respectively added for 5 treatments 2 Spray g/hm 2 。
Series 5-16-5-20 fluroxypyr 176.4, 352.8, 446.4, 540.0 and 633.6 g/hm 2 Respectively mingled with and cleared by 5 treatments750-900L/hm of water 2 Spray g/hm 2 。
Series 5-21 are blank treatments with herbicide application.
Experimental investigation and data analysis: phytotoxicity investigation was performed on 4 crops 14d and 28d after herbicide spraying, using a 5-stage visual inspection method as in example 1: wherein, the level 0 is no difference from the blank control, the level 1 is that leaves and new branches are slightly yellow, and plants grow normally; the level 2 is that leaves and new branches turn yellow, and plant growth is obviously inhibited; the stage 3 is that the leaves wither and new branches turn yellow obviously, and the plant growth is inhibited seriously; the 4 grade is leaf and new branch withering, and the plant can not grow.
28d after herbicide spraying, 5 points (points/m) were sampled per cell diagonal method 2 ) Fresh weight (g) of mikania micrantha was investigated, the average was calculated and then the control effect was calculated as in example 3, and then a virulence regression equation was established to solve ED 90 A value; fresh weight of corn and sweet potato is investigated, after control effect is calculated, virulence regression equation is established to solve ED 10 Values. ED of mikania micrantha according to medicament and preparation method thereof 90 Value and ED for crops 10 The selectivity index (I) is calculated. i=c/W, wherein C is ED of the crop 10 W is ED of mikania micrantha 90 I is a selectivity index, and the larger I represents the stronger the selectivity to mikania micrantha and the safer to crops.
Test results: after spraying triclopyr and fluroxypyr on rubber and citrus orchards, respectively interplanted with sweet potatoes and corn fields, the phytotoxicity conditions of the crops after 14d and 28d of the pesticide were observed (see table 6). Both herbicides increased with their amounts and the phytotoxicity increased. After the spray of the clear water, the pesticide injury generated by triclopyr is higher than that of the fluroxypyr, and the pesticide injury of 14d after the pesticide is heavier than that of 28d after the pesticide is applied, 4 crops have the heaviest pesticide injury to sweet potatoes, and secondly, the pesticide injury to oranges and rubber is relatively lighter; the two herbicides are applied by using sweet wormwood leaching liquor, so that the phytotoxicity to crops is obviously reduced, and 603.9g/hm of triclopyr is recommended in the technical characteristics 2 And fluroxypyr at 446.4. 446.4g/hm 2 In the lower part, only 14d after the medicine has slight harm to citrus (grade 1), which is expressed as plant leaves and newThe branches are slightly yellow, and the normal growth is recovered after 28 days of medicine.
Because rubber and citrus plants are large, and can not be cut down to measure biomass, the fresh weight of corn and sweet potatoes is measured by each medicament treatment when the biomass of mikania micrantha in a cell is investigated in the study. ED of triclopyr and fluroxypyr on mikania micrantha is calculated according to the established virulence regression equation respectively 90 Value, ED for crops 10 Values and selectivity index (I). Table 7 results show that triclopyr and fluroxypyr, clear water is added to the ED which has anti-efficacy on mikania micrantha 90 Value (1109.01 g/hm) 2 ) Consistent with the results of example 3. The sweet wormwood leaching solution (100L water extraction 20kg plants) is matched with triclopyr, the selectivity indexes of the sweet wormwood leaching solution to corn and sweet potato reach 2.12 and 1.19 respectively, and the selectivity indexes of the sweet wormwood leaching solution are improved by more than 1.43 and 0.90 respectively compared with that of clear water blending; the selectivity indexes of the sweet wormwood leaching liquor (100L water extraction of 20kg plants) and Shi Lvfu picoxyacetic acid to corn and sweet potatoes respectively reach 2.49 and 1.37, which are respectively improved by more than 1.52 and 1.07 compared with that of clear water mixed application; the crop phytotoxicity risk brought by preventing and killing off mikania micrantha by chemical herbicide is obviously reduced.
The results of this implementation further demonstrate that 750 to 900L/hm of the use of triclopyr and fluroxypyr for controlling mikania micrantha is employed 2 The sweet wormwood leaching solution (100L water extraction 20kg plant) is applied, and has the technical effect of improving the selectivity and safety.
TABLE 6 phytotoxicity of the herbicide applied to Artemisia annua
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TABLE 7 Selective application of herbicides by Artemisia annua
Example 6 Artemisia annua plant extract and herbicide formulation method
Test materials: extraction of sweet wormwood herb liquidThe technical characteristics of example 2 are that 50kg of fresh plants are collected 5-30 d before the sweet wormwood flowers bloom, and extracted with 100L of water for 5-7 h at 50-65 ℃; the application of the herbicide adopts the technical characteristics of the example 3 and uses triclopyr 483.3-603.9 g/hm 2 And fluroxypyr 352.8 to 446.4g/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The herbicide is applied at the concentration of 750 to 900L/hm 2 The concentrated sweet wormwood extract is prepared. The control agent adopts the common herbicide for preventing and killing mikania micrantha in production, and 41% glyphosate 1800g (ai)/hm 2 Adding water 900L stem and leaf for spraying. Meanwhile, the influence of frequent rainfall on the prevention and control period of the mikania micrantha is considered, and the effect of adding the organic silicon into the liquid medicine is further compared.
The test method comprises the following steps: in 2023, a piece of Mikania micrantha in Miscanthus of Yuan province is selected to cover the dead land with serious harm, and the overground part of Mikania micrantha is cut off after the Mikania micrantha is mature. The following treatments of each herbicide application material are set according to the application periods of 15, 30, 45, 60d and 75d after seedling, respectively combining the population of the seed germination seedlings and the medium population dynamics of the plant clone propagation regeneration seedlings. The fresh weight and the control effect of the mikania micrantha seedlings were investigated 45d after the drug administration (same as in example 5).
And (3) carrying out investigation on recovery conditions of the mikania micrantha and the associated gramineae and broadleaf plants treated by each medicament at high dose in 90d after the medicament, and taking an important value in a community as an ecological effect evaluation index. Each cell was divided into 60 squares by a square method of 3 m ×20× 20 m, and the density, frequency and multiplicity of mikania micrantha, local gramineae and local broadleaf plants were examined respectively. (1) Density (D) =number of individuals/sample area of plant investigated in sample (1 m) 2 ) Relative Density (RD) = (density of investigation plants/total density of all plant species) ×100; (2) frequency (F) = number of samples of investigation plant appearance/number of samples of total plant species, relative Frequency (RF) = (frequency of investigation plant/total frequency of total plant species) ×100; (3) dominance (DE) =coverage of the investigation plants in the sample, relative Dominance (RDE) = (investigation plant dominance/sum of dominance of all species) ×100. Calculating the Importance Value (IV) = (relative density RD+relative frequency RF+relative dominance) of invasive plants mikania micrantha, local Gramineae and broadleaf plants in each implementation series communityDegree RDE)/3.
Test treatment: series 6-1 to 6-5 were performed, and low dose of triclopyr (labeled DD) 483.3. 483.3 g/hm was administered using the sweet wormwood extract 2 Respectively treating 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75d stem leaves after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
series 6-5 to 6-10 were performed, and high dose of triclopyr (labeled GD) 603.9g/hm was administered using the sweet wormwood extract 2 Respectively treating 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75d stem leaves after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
series 6-1 to 6-15 were performed using the sweet wormwood extract with a low dose of Shi Lvfu picoxyacetic acid (labeled DD) of 352.8 g/hm 2 Respectively treating 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75d stem leaves after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
series 6-16 to 6-20 were carried out using the sweet wormwood extract with a high dose of Shi Lvfu picoxyacetic acid (labeled DD) 446.4g/hm 2 Respectively treating 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75d stem leaves after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
series 6-21 to 6-25 are implemented, and the low dosage of Shi Caogan phosphine (marked as DD) is added with clear water to 1200g/hm 2 Respectively treating 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75d stem leaves after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
series 6-26 to 6-30 are implemented, and clear water is added with Shi Caogan phosphine to prepare 1800g/hm of high dosage (marked as DG) 2 Respectively treating 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75d stem leaves after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
implementing series 6-31 to 6-35, which are blank Controls (CK) respectively sprayed with clear water 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after the mikania micrantha seedlings;
test results: the results of investigation on the effect of seedlings sprouting and regenerated seedlings of vegetative propagation of the invasive plant after stem and leaf treatment of the invasive plant in different application periods by applying triclopyr and fluroxypyr on the barren lands of the invasion of mikania micrantha are shown in Table 8. It can be seen that triclopyr 483.3-603.9 g/hm 2 And fluroxypyr 352.8 to 446.4g/hm 2 The sweet wormwood extract is applied after the sweet wormwood extract is matched and applied, and the preventing and killing effect on seedlings of mikania micrantha is better than that on the seedlings; the period of preventing and removing the seedlings should be applied before 60d after the seedlings emerge, and the period of preventing and removing the regenerated seedlings should be applied before 45d after the seedlings emerge,the control effect can reach more than 90.0 percent.
Through 90d after the application, the situation of mikania micrantha, local broadleaf plants and gramineae plants in communities after the high-dose application of the medicament is investigated, and the damage or recovery situation of measures in different periods to invasive species and local species is further judged. The results in table 8 show that mikania micrantha is a dominant species in the non-control cells, the Important Value (IV) thereof reaches more than 0.552, and meanwhile, due to the damage of mikania micrantha, the loss of broadleaf plants and gramineae plants in the invaded land is caused, and the Important Value (IV) expressed in communities thereof is obviously reduced; however, after the conventional glyphosate is produced and applied, the mikania micrantha is recovered faster, and the important value is lower because of the poor selectivity of the herbicide compared with a blank control, so that the important value of broadleaf and gramineous plants in an invasive place is difficult to recover due to phytotoxicity.
By adopting the technical scheme for preventing and killing off the mikania micrantha in seedling stage, the important value of mikania micrantha in communities is obviously reduced, and the plants invading the ground become dominant species in the invading communities again due to the reduced phytotoxicity and strong restorability, and the Important Value (IV) of the mikania micrantha is obviously higher than that of a blank control. By comparing the important values of the plants after the application of triclopyr and fluroxypyr in table 5 in different periods, the results show that the important value of mikania micrantha is the lowest in the period of 45d after seedling is the best application period, the important value of mikania micrantha is below 0.15, the important values of local broadleaf and gramineous plants are higher and respectively reach above 0.305 and 0.639, and the second is 30d after seedling or 60d after seedling.
TABLE 8 Effect of Mikania micrantha seedling stage Stem and leaf treatment
The remark is that the concentration is the dosage (g/hm 2) of herbicide, and the concentration (g/L) of the liquid medicine obtained after 900L/hm 2 of water is added. "
As the mikania micrantha is an invasive plant with both sexual reproduction seedlings and vegetative reproduction seedlings, the population is reproduced depending on different reproduction strategies under different ecological/ecological conditions. Therefore, the application period is technically characterized by taking 30-60 d after seedling and 30-45 d after seedling as the optimal period for application by combining the control effect. So as to meet the actual demands of local conditions and scientific medication.
In summary, through the implementation of examples 1-6, a technical scheme for preventing and killing the mikania micrantha seedlings by using the sweet wormwood plant leaching solution to dispense herbicide is developed, and the technical effects of reducing the dosage of chemical herbicide and improving the prevention and killing of the mikania micrantha which is a major invasive plant are achieved by adopting the technical characteristics of sweet wormwood resource application, process extraction, synergistic configuration with herbicide, scientific application and the like. The combination of plant source activity and chemical active raw materials has obvious advancement, innovation and substantivity in green prevention and control, and has outstanding characteristics and advantages in the aspects of prevention and removal effect, selectivity, safety and the like compared with the prior art.
It should be noted that the present technology relates to the separation, identification and testing of active components of the feverfew seedlings in the sweet wormwood plant extract by GC-MS and HPLC methods, and is not disclosed in the present technology because of further development and application in herbicide commodity, which is still a secret stage.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but may be modified or substituted for some of the technical features described in the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for preventing and killing the mikania micrantha seedlings by using the sweet wormwood plant leaching solution and applying the herbicide is characterized by comprising the following steps of: mixing fresh or air-dried herba Artemisiae Annuae leaching solution with triclopyr or fluroxypyr, and applying in the stem and leaf of Mikania micrantha seedling stage;
the sweet wormwood plants are used for standby by fresh or air-dried plants on the ground harvested 5-30 days before the sweet wormwood flowers bloom;
cutting up 50kg of fresh or air-dried sweet wormwood plants, adding 100L of water, leaching for 5-7 hours at 50-65 ℃ and filtering;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the seedling stage of mikania micrantha, 483.3-603.9 g/hm of triclopyr is applied 2 Or fluroxypyr 352.8-446.3 g/hm 2 Adding 750-900L/hm of sweet wormwood extract 2 Spraying stems and leaves;
can be applied to rubber, orange, corn, sweet potato or interplanted farmland, and can be used for stem and leaf treatment when the seedlings of mikania micrantha grow for 30-60 days or the seedling stage of regenerated seedlings for 30-45 days.
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