CN117647922A - 镶嵌式钟表部件和制造该部件的方法 - Google Patents

镶嵌式钟表部件和制造该部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN117647922A
CN117647922A CN202310957840.6A CN202310957840A CN117647922A CN 117647922 A CN117647922 A CN 117647922A CN 202310957840 A CN202310957840 A CN 202310957840A CN 117647922 A CN117647922 A CN 117647922A
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recess
mosaic
particles
timepiece
layer
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A·P·约恩
F·罗西尼奥
O·德洛斯科博
A·奈图希尔
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Limoges
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Limoges
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
    • G04B19/06—Dials
    • G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
    • G04B45/0076—Decoration of the case and of parts thereof, e.g. as a method of manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种镶嵌式钟表部件(1)，包括由金属和/或陶瓷材料制成的主体(10)，其包括至少一个凹部(11)，该凹部形成装饰部(12)的模槽。根据本发明，所述至少一个凹部被相继的层(13，14，15)完全填充，这些层通过颗粒(16)经由冷金属化的附聚形成，以形成镶嵌有至少一个装饰部(12)的钟表部件(1)。

Description

镶嵌式钟表部件和制造该部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种镶嵌有至少一种金属和/或陶瓷装饰的钟表部件以及制造该部件的方法。
背景技术
众所周知，钟表部件如手表表圈至少部分由陶瓷、金属或复合材料制成，以显示在表圈下面的凹槽中进行的沉积，该沉积例如形成刻度或商业品牌。这种配置的优点是通过由蓝宝石制成的部分的完全覆盖来保护沉积物不受任何机械降解。然而，这种配置可能会使装饰难以读取，因为沉积物的着色发生透射扭曲，而且蓝宝石的色调与沉积物相比也缺乏差异。
为了克服这些缺点，已经提出了一种镶嵌式陶瓷元件，包括由陶瓷制成的主体，其包括形成装饰部的模槽的至少一个凹部，所述至少一个凹部完全被基本50纳米的第一和第二导电层以及金属电沉积物填充，以形成镶嵌有至少一个视觉质量得到改善的金属装饰部的陶瓷元件。
然而，制作这样的零件仍然是复杂的、昂贵的、耗时的，而且需要放置钩连层(导电层)来制作装饰部。此外，要完美地填充形成装饰或刻度的空腔同时获得其无暇的视觉效果是很复杂的。
发明内容
特别地，本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术的不同缺点。
为此，本发明涉及一种镶嵌式钟表部件，包括由金属和/或陶瓷材料制成的主体，其包括形成装饰部的模槽的至少一个凹部。根据本发明，所述至少一个凹部被相继的层完全填充，这些层通过颗粒经由冷金属化的附聚形成，以形成镶嵌有至少一个装饰部的钟表部件。
根据本发明的其他有利的替代实施方案：
-形成层的颗粒是金属和/或至少部分由陶瓷制成，并选自：铜、锌、锡、钛、铌、锆、钽、铬、铁、氧化锆或氧化铝；
-至少一个凹部中的每个包括至少100微米的深度，优选200微米的
深度；
-所述至少一个装饰部被通过阳极化而着色的金属层所覆盖；
所述钟表部件是外部零件元件，如表圈、底盖、表盘、中间件、腕带链节、表冠、按钮。
本发明还涉及一种包括至少一个根据本发明的镶嵌式钟表部件的钟表。
本发明还涉及一种制造镶嵌式钟表部件的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)形成由金属和/或陶瓷材料制成的主体；
b)在主体的表面雕刻至少一个凹部，在至少一个凹部的每个处形成装饰部的模槽；
c)在包括所述至少一个凹部的整个表面在至少10微米的厚度上沉积涂层的第一层，该沉积通过冷投射(称为“冷喷”)包括载气和形成所述涂层的颗粒的流体的方法进行；
d)重复步骤c)一次或多次，在包括被第一层覆盖的所述至少一个凹部的整个表面上沉积一个或多个各20微米的附加层，以完全填充所述至少一个凹部并形成一个镶嵌式装饰部；
e)进行抛光，以从主体表面去除所述层的所有沉积物，使它们只留在所述至少一个凹部中。
按照根据本发明的方法的其他有利的变体：
-载气流的流速在85至90立方米/小时之间，压力在45至60巴之间，
温度在800至1,000℃之间；
-颗粒由金属或金属合金、陶瓷或陶瓷材料制成；
-颗粒的质量流速在70至80克/分钟之间；
-颗粒的粒度为至多45微米；
-颗粒的粒度在1至25微米之间；
-该方法包括在步骤b)和c)之间的任选步骤，在该步骤，通过激光对
凹部进行雕刻或纹理化，以提高颗粒的附着；
-该方法包括在步骤f)之后的任选步骤，在该步骤，对装饰部进行阳极化以对所述装饰部着色。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点将在参考所附的附图阅读以下作为非限制性例子的具体实施方式后看出，其中：
-图1显示覆盖着几个层的钟表部件的剖面图；
-图2显示根据本发明的钟表部件的剖面图
-图3显示通过根据本发明的方法获得的钟表的表圈的俯视图。
具体实施方式
在图1所示的例子中，可以看到钟表部件1。镶嵌式钟表部件1包括由金属和/或陶瓷材料制成的主体10，其包括至少一个凹部11，该凹部形成装饰部12的模槽。所述至少一个凹部11被相继的层13、14、15完全填充，这些层通过颗粒16经由冷金属化的附聚而形成，更常称为“冷喷”，以形成镶嵌有至少一个装饰部12的钟表部件1。
冷金属化或“冷喷”技术包括将粉末或颗粒形式的填充材料加速到超出临界速度(300至1500米/秒)。这些速度导致该材料在撞击待处理的基底时产生塑性变形和/或碎裂，这足够高以致能形成致密和粘附的涂层。与其他工艺中使用的温度相比，投射气体的温度低(通常在300至1100℃之间)。因此，冲击前的材料是未熔化的。陶瓷材料也是可投射的。
在下面的描述中，将只描述表圈1的情况，但不言而喻，该描述适用于任何其他钟表部件，尤其是钟表的外部部件，如底盖、表盘、中间件、表冠、摆锤或按钮。
在下文举例说明的例子中，对本发明的解释将从由陶瓷材料制成的环10开始，其包括形成表圈4的刻度的镶嵌式金属装饰部12。当然，用金属或金属合金、陶瓷或复合材料制成的表圈也是可以的。
镶嵌式表圈1旨在形成非常耐磨的部件，包括至少一个具有优异视觉品质和改善的随时间耐用性的金属装饰部。
如图2所示，镶嵌式钟表部件1包括由陶瓷制成的主体10，其包括至少一个凹部11，该凹部形成装饰部12的模槽。在图3中，可以看到，每个装饰部12可具有任意形状，例如，几何图形或字母数字字符。根据本发明，每个凹部11被厚度在10至50微米之间的多个层13、14、15完全填充。这种配置可以保护由非常耐磨损的陶瓷制成的主体11中的每个金属装饰部12。
每个凹部11包括在100至200微米之间的深度P，其内表面可具有不同的几何形状。例如，可以想象凹部具有星形、长方形或三角形，甚至是字母的形状。
主体10由多种材料获得，特别是陶瓷。优选地，使用基于氧化锆的陶瓷，这是因为它的机械性能和抛光能力，以及在较小的程度上因为它能够提供广泛的色调。当然，也可以考虑其他陶瓷，例如，基于碳化钛的陶瓷，或基于氧化铝或尖晶石的透明多晶陶瓷。
根据另一个实施方案，主体10由金属材料或金属合金获得。
形成层的颗粒是金属和/或至少部分由陶瓷制成，并选自：铜、锌、锡、钛、铌、锆、钽、铬、铁、氧化锆或氧化铝。根据本发明的一个变体，使用由不同材料制成的层，例如，层的第一部分可以由锌制成，第二部分由钛制成。这样的方案可以降低制造成本。
第一层13包括基本为20微米的厚度，并且位于凹部11的底部。类似地，第二层15和下一层具有增加或同样的厚度，这取决于本领域技术人员的需要。例如，第一层的厚度可以为20微米，第二层30微米，第三层30微米，第四层40微米，第五层50微米……。层层叠加，直到凹部完全被填充。
此外，根据本发明，每个装饰部12的视觉外观可以通过对最后一层(即与钟表部件表面平齐的层)着色而局部修饰，例如，当主体10是由陶瓷制成时，通过阳极化16进行。
在这方面，为了便于阳极化，至少最后一个金属层优选由铝或钛制成。
在金属主体10的情况下，填充部分没有问题，但在局部通过着色阳极氧化进行着色是不可行的，因为主体10和最后一层都是导电的。因此，可以考虑将最后一层相对于主体10的表面稍稍缩进地沉积，然后在整个部分进行着色阳极氧化，最后例如通过抛光操作去除主体表面上的多余部分。(另一种选择：通过LIGA工艺放置掩模)。
本发明还涉及一种制造镶嵌式钟表部件的方法。
现在解释制造镶嵌式钟表部件10的方法。在下面的描述中，将只描述制造表圈1的情况，但不言而喻，该描述也适用于之前详述的任何其他钟表部件。因此，根据本发明的方法的解释将基于由陶瓷材料制成的环10，其包括形成表圈1的刻度的镶嵌式金属装饰部12。
在第一步a)中，该方法包括形成由陶瓷(例如氧化锆)制成的主体10。在陶瓷基部件的情况下，该部件优选通过烧结获得。在步骤a)结束时，主体10包括其最终尺寸。
该方法包括第二步b)，旨在雕刻至少一个凹部11，这些凹部可以在主体10的面F中是盲区(borgne)，凹部11形成未来装饰物部12的模槽，如图1所示。每个凹部11包括100μm的最小深度P，优选200μm的深度。每个凹部11可以有不同的几何形状，这取决于本领域技术人员的需要。例如，可以想象凹部具有星形、长方形或三角形的形状，甚至是字母数字字符的形状。
一般来说，步骤b)通过激光烧蚀获得，提供雕刻的良好精准性。根据一个任选的步骤，在步骤b)结束时，通过激光对所述至少一个凹部进行雕刻或纹理化，以提高颗粒在随后过程中的附着。
该方法根据第三步c)继续进行，旨在整个表面F上沉积厚度等于20微米的第一层13，即包括在图1所示的每个凹部11中。
该方法的第三步c)包括通过冷金属化(更常称为“冷喷”)涂覆表面F。因此，可在没有粘附层的情况下，沉积完美粘附在主体10上的颗粒层。
投射的颗粒由金属或金属合金、陶瓷或陶瓷材料制成。
为了在基底10上形成沉积物，颗粒借助载气投射通过德拉瓦尔(de Laval)型喷管，以加速这些颗粒并高速投射，使其粘附在基底上。
在图示的例子中，钛粒子以1至50微米之间的粒度，优选5至25微米范围内的粒度，甚至更优选20微米的粒度投射。
将初始气体以80至90立方米/小时的流速被送过喷管，流速可根据喷管和使用的气体而变化。一般来说，单独或组合使用氦气和氮气。氦气的优点是可以在比氮气低的温度下工作，而氮气的优点是成本低。
载气的温度在900℃至1000℃之间，喷射压力在45至60巴之间。
在钛制成的颗粒的情况下，1,000℃的温度和50巴的压力可以获得非常好的结果。
颗粒以70至80克/分钟的流速，优选以75克/小时的流速被送入喷管。因此，颗粒的速度在800至1,000米/秒之间。
喷射喷管与表圈1的表面F保持50毫米范围内的距离，在每层沉积过程中以0.15米/秒的速度前进。
在陶瓷材料基底的情况下，本领域的技术人员要确保在沉积第一层的过程中调整工艺参数。陶瓷材料相对脆，颗粒应以较低的速度投射，以避免基底开裂和/或破碎。因此，在沉积第一层的过程中，颗粒以20克/分钟的流速被送入喷管，载气的压力、流速和温度保持不变。
该方法继续进行第四个步骤d)，在此期间重复步骤c)一次或多次，以在包括至少一个凹部11的整个表面F上沉积一个或多个附加层14、15，每个层至少20微米，覆盖第一层13。步骤c)重复进行，直到完全填满所述至少一个凹部11，并在表圈1上形成镶嵌式装饰部12。
最后，在第五个步骤e)中，该方法通过移除沉积在主体10的表面F上的层13、14和15，只在每个凹部11的水平上留下这些层而结束，如图2所示。这样，镶嵌式钟表部件10完成，可能只需要安装在最终的部件上。这一步可以通过普通的表面加工工艺来实现，如研磨或碾磨，以去除多余的材料，然后再进行抛光。
根据本发明的方法还可以提供最后一个任选的步骤，旨在沉积金属化，以使装饰部12着色。例如，这样的层可以通过阳极化制成。
不言而喻，本发明并不局限于所示的例子，对于本领域的技术人员来说，可以对其进行各种替代和修改，同时仍然保持在权利要求书所定义的本发明的范围内。

Claims (14)

1.一种镶嵌式钟表部件(1)，包括由金属和/或陶瓷材料制成的主体(10)，其包括至少一个凹部(11)，该凹部形成装饰部(12)的模槽，其特征在于，所述至少一个凹部被相继的层(13，14，15)完全填充，这些层通过颗粒(16)经由冷金属化的附聚而形成，以形成镶嵌有至少一个装饰部(12)的钟表部件(1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镶嵌式钟表部件(1)，其中形成所述层的颗粒(16)是金属和/或至少部分由陶瓷制成，并选自：铜、锌、锡、钛、铌、锆、钽、铬、铁、氧化锆或氧化铝。
3.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的镶嵌式钟表部件(1)，其中所述至少一个凹部(11)各自包括200微米的深度。
4.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的镶嵌式钟表部件(1)，其特征在于，所述至少一个装饰部(12)被通过阳极化着色的金属层(18)所覆盖。
5.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的镶嵌式钟表部件(1)，其特征在于，该钟表部件是外部零件元件，如表圈、底盖、表盘、中间件、腕链链节、表冠、按钮。
6.一种钟表(1)，其特征在于，包括至少一个根据前述权利要求之一所述的镶嵌式钟表部件(10)。
7.一种制造镶嵌式钟表部件(10)的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)形成由金属和/或陶瓷材料制成的主体(10)；
b)在主体(10)的表面(F)上雕刻至少一个凹部(11)，在每个所述至少一个凹部形成装饰部(12)的模槽；
c)在包括所述至少一个凹部的整个表面(F)在至少10微米的厚度上沉积涂层的第一层(13)，该沉积通过冷投射包含载气和形成所述涂层的颗粒(16)的流体的工艺进行，称为“冷喷”；
d)重复步骤c)一次或数次(14)，在包括被第一层(14)覆盖的所述至少一个凹部的整个表面(F)上沉积一个或多个各为20微米的附加层，从而完全填充所述至少一个凹部并形成镶嵌式装饰部(12)；
e)进行抛光，将层的所有沉积物从主体(10)的表面去除，以使它们只留在所述至少一个凹部中。
8.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，载气流的流速在85至90立方米/小时之间，压力在45至60巴之间，且温度在900至1000℃之间。
9.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述颗粒由金属或金属合金、陶瓷或陶瓷材料制成。
10.根据权利要求8至10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述颗粒的质量流速为70至80克/分钟。
11.根据权利要求8至11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述颗粒的粒度为至多45微米。
12.根据权利要求8至12之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述颗粒的粒度优选在1至25微米之间。
13.根据权利要求8至13之一所述的方法，其特征在于，其包括在步骤b)和c)之间的任选步骤，在该步骤期间，通过激光对所述凹部进行雕刻或纹理化，以提高颗粒的附着。
14.根据权利要求8至14之一所述的方法，其特征在于，其包括在步骤f)之后的任选步骤，在该步骤期间，对装饰部进行阳极化以对所述装饰部着色。
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