CN117639382A

CN117639382A - Energy acquisition device based on train vibration

Info

Publication number: CN117639382A
Application number: CN202311836322.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡永利; 张祖涛; 吴小平; 潘宏烨; 李昻; 袁涔钥; 张昊翔; 叶兆阳; 汪一帆; 洪一扬; 田树林
Original assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2023-12-28
Filing date: 2023-12-28
Publication date: 2024-03-01

Abstract

The invention provides an energy acquisition device based on train vibration, belongs to the technical field of energy acquisition, and aims to solve the problems that the power of a part of sensors in the existing train is low and a battery needs to be replaced frequently; the device comprises a bottom plate, and a generator, a motion input mechanism, a motion conversion mechanism and a transmission mechanism which are arranged on the bottom plate; when the carriage coupler vibrates, the motion input mechanism vibrates along with the carriage, the motion conversion mechanism converts vibration motion of the motion input mechanism into rotary motion, and the transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion of the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator so as to drive the main shaft of the generator to rotate, so that electric energy is generated; according to the invention, the longitudinal vibration mechanical energy of the coupler and buffer system can be converted into electric energy through the arranged generator, the motion conversion mechanism, the motion input mechanism and the transmission mechanism, and the electric energy is used as a power supply of the vehicle-mounted safety monitoring equipment, so that the self-power supply and the self-sensing of the train are realized.

Description

Energy acquisition device based on train vibration

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy collection, and particularly relates to an energy collection device based on train vibration.

Background

In the safety monitoring system of the railway vehicle, part of state monitoring equipment is distributed along the railway, and the intervals among the monitoring equipment are longer, so that the collected train running state data are discontinuous, and the state of the train cannot be monitored in real time. The railway is long in route and complex in road condition, so that the number of required monitoring devices is large, and the cost of manpower and material resources for replacing maintenance devices is increased. Thus, sensors may be installed on the train for monitoring.

The train-mounted monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensors arranged at key positions of a train body, so that the real-time monitoring of the running state of the train can be realized, the power of part of sensors is low, and the sensors are not suitable for laying wires specially, so that batteries are used for supplying power, however, the batteries are required to be replaced frequently, huge labor cost and environmental pressure are caused, and the system does not accord with the subject of the sustainable development.

When a train composed of a plurality of carriages runs on a track, due to the change of working conditions, longitudinal vibration can be generated between the carriages to a certain extent, and a hook buffer system connected with the carriages absorbs the vibration, so that the vibration is unavoidable, cannot cause harm to the running of the train, cannot be influenced by external environments such as illumination, wind power and the like, and is more stable compared with other renewable energy collection modes. At present, the recovery research of the vibration energy is not much, so a device is designed for collecting the longitudinal vibration mechanical energy of a hook buffer system between carriages and converting the longitudinal vibration mechanical energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is used as a power supply of vehicle-mounted safety monitoring equipment to realize self-power supply and self-sensing of a train.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention provides an energy collection device based on train vibration, so as to solve the problems of huge manpower cost and environmental pressure caused by frequent battery replacement, which is caused by the fact that the power of part of sensors in the existing train is low and the sensors are not suitable for being specially paved with wires, so that batteries are mostly used for power supply.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

an energy acquisition device based on train vibration comprises a bottom plate and an energy acquisition device arranged on the bottom plate:

a generator;

a motion input mechanism for vibrating linearly and reciprocally following the train;

a motion conversion mechanism to convert a vibration motion of the motion input mechanism into a rotation motion;

and the transmission mechanism is used for transmitting the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator so as to drive the main shaft of the generator to rotate.

In the technical scheme, the generator is in the prior art, and the main shaft rotates to drive the internal coil to cut the magnetic induction line so as to generate electric energy; in the scheme, when the carriage coupler vibrates, the motion input mechanism vibrates along with the carriage, the motion conversion mechanism converts vibration motion of the motion input mechanism into rotary motion, and the transmission mechanism transmits the rotary motion of the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator so as to drive the main shaft of the generator to rotate, so that electric energy is generated; in summary, in the invention, the provided generator, motion conversion mechanism, motion input mechanism and transmission mechanism can convert the longitudinal vibration mechanical energy of the coupler and buffer system into electric energy, and the electric energy is used as the power supply of the vehicle-mounted safety monitoring equipment to realize self-power supply and self-sensing of the train.

Preferably, a supporting frame is arranged at the top of the bottom plate, a sliding block is fixed on the supporting frame, and a sliding groove is arranged on the sliding block; the motion input mechanism comprises a guide rail and a connecting plate, wherein the guide rail is embedded in the chute in a sliding manner, one end of the connecting plate is connected with one end of the guide rail, and the other end of the connecting plate is connected with a train coupler; the motion conversion mechanism comprises a first gear, a first rotating shaft and a rack, wherein the rack is fixed at the top of the guide rail, the first rotating shaft is rotationally connected to a first bracket on the bottom plate, and the first gear is fixedly sleeved at one end of the first rotating shaft and is meshed with the rack; the transmission mechanism is used for connecting the first rotating shaft with the main shaft of the generator in a transmission way, and when the first rotating shaft rotates, the main shaft of the generator can be driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism.

In this technical scheme, it is to be noted that, when train coupler vibration, drive the connecting plate vibration, the connecting plate vibration drives the rack with being connected and reciprocates in the spout, and when the rack reciprocated and slides, drive rather than the reciprocal rotation of meshed first gear, and then drive with first gear fixed connection's reciprocal rotation of first pivot, after the reciprocal rotation of first pivot, through drive mechanism drives the main shaft rotation of generator, and then makes the generator produce the electric energy.

Preferably, the connecting plate is connected with the train coupler through a ball bearing.

Preferably, the transmission mechanism comprises a second gear, a second rotating shaft and a third rotating shaft, the second gear is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a second bracket on the bottom plate, the third rotating shaft is parallel to the second rotating shaft and is rotatably connected to a third bracket on the bottom plate, and one end of the third rotating shaft is connected with a main shaft of the generator;

the second rotating shaft is provided with a third gear and a fourth gear, a fifth gear is fixedly sleeved on the third rotating shaft, the third gear and the second gear are meshed with each other, and the fourth gear and the fifth gear are meshed with each other.

In the technical scheme, when the first rotating shaft rotates, the second gear connected with the first rotating shaft is driven to rotate, the second gear rotates and then drives the third gear meshed with the second gear to rotate, the fourth gear is driven to rotate, the fourth gear rotates and then drives the fifth gear meshed with the fourth gear to rotate, and the fifth gear rotates to drive the third rotating shaft to rotate, so that the main shaft of the generator is driven to rotate, and electric energy is generated.

Preferably, the main shaft of the generator is connected with the third rotating shaft through a coupler.

In this solution, the coupling is a mechanical part for coupling two shafts of different mechanisms to rotate together for torque transmission.

Preferably, the diameter of the fourth gear is larger than the diameter of the fifth gear.

In the technical scheme, the diameter of the fourth gear is larger than that of the fifth gear, so that the rotating speed of the fifth gear can be increased, and the rotating speed of the main shaft of the generator is further increased, so that the generating efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the transmission mechanism further comprises a fourth rotating shaft and a fifth rotating shaft, the fourth rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a fourth bracket on the bottom plate, the fourth rotating shaft is positioned at one side of the first rotating shaft far away from the second rotating shaft, the fifth rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a fifth bracket on the bottom plate, and the fifth rotating shaft is positioned at one side of the fourth rotating shaft far away from the second rotating shaft;

a sixth gear is fixedly sleeved on the fourth rotating shaft, a seventh gear and an eighth gear are sleeved on the fifth rotating shaft, the sixth gear is meshed with the second gear, the seventh gear is meshed with the sixth gear, and the eighth gear is meshed with the fifth gear;

the fourth gear and the eighth gear are respectively connected with the corresponding rotating shaft through a first unidirectional bearing and a second unidirectional bearing, and the locking directions of the first unidirectional bearing and the second unidirectional bearing are the same.

In this technical solution, it should be noted that, when the compartment distance increases, that is, the rack moves forward, the first gear and the second gear rotate counterclockwise; the third gear, the sixth gear and the second gear are meshed and rotate clockwise; the sixth gear is arranged on the fourth rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is connected with the third gear through a key and rotates clockwise; the seventh gear is meshed with the sixth gear and rotates anticlockwise; the fifth rotating shaft is connected with the seventh gear key and rotates anticlockwise; the second one-way bearing works when rotating anticlockwise, and the first one-way bearing works when rotating anticlockwise; the second one-way bearing is connected with an eighth gear of the straight gear, and the first one-way bearing is separated from the fourth gear; the eighth gear rotates anticlockwise, and the fifth gear is meshed with the eighth gear and moves clockwise; the third rotating shaft is connected with the fifth gear key and rotates clockwise. When the compartment distance is reduced, namely the rack moves backwards, the first gear and the second gear rotate clockwise; the third gear, the sixth gear and the second gear are meshed and rotate anticlockwise; the sixth gear is arranged on the fourth rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is connected with the third gear through a key, and the sixth gear rotates anticlockwise; the seventh gear is meshed with the sixth gear and rotates clockwise; the fifth rotating shaft is connected with the seventh gear key and rotates clockwise; the second one-way bearing works when rotating anticlockwise, and the first one-way bearing works when rotating anticlockwise; the second one-way bearing is separated from the eighth gear, and the first one-way bearing is connected with the fourth gear; the fourth gear rotates anticlockwise, and the fifth gear is meshed with the straight fourth gear and moves clockwise; the third rotating shaft is connected with the fifth gear in a key way and rotates clockwise. And through special gear set arrangement, the bidirectional rotation of the motion input mechanism is converted into unidirectional rotation of the main shaft of the generator.

Preferably, the generator is fixed on the bottom plate through a connecting frame.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

1. according to the invention, the longitudinal vibration mechanical energy of the coupler and buffer system can be converted into electric energy through the arranged generator, the motion conversion mechanism, the motion input mechanism and the transmission mechanism, and the electric energy is used as a power supply of the vehicle-mounted safety monitoring equipment, so that the self-power supply and the self-sensing of the train are realized;

2. according to the invention, through special gear set arrangement and arrangement of two unidirectional bearings, bidirectional rotation of the motion input mechanism is converted into unidirectional rotation of the main shaft of the generator.

Drawings

The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-powered hook longitudinal vibration energy harvester based on a train sensor according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a driving mechanism of the present invention;

reference numerals

4-connecting plate, 6-supporting frame, 1a 1-rack, 1a 2-first gear, 1 b-guide rail, 1 c-slider, 2a 1-first rotating shaft, 2a 2-second rotating shaft, 2a 3-fifth rotating shaft, 2a 4-fourth rotating shaft, 2a 5-third rotating shaft, 2b 1-second gear, 2b 2-third gear, 2b 3-sixth gear, 2b 4-seventh gear, 2b 5-eighth gear, 2b 6-fourth gear, 2b 7-fifth gear, 2c 1-second support, 2c 2-first support, 2c 10-third support, 2c 5-fourth support, 2c 8-fifth support, 2d 1-second one-way bearing, 2d 2-first one-way bearing, 3 a-generator, 3 b-coupler and 3 c-connecting frame.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-3, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an energy harvesting device based on train vibration, which includes a base plate and a device arranged on the base plate:

a generator 3a;

and the transmission mechanism is used for transmitting the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator 3a so as to transmit the rotary motion of the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator 3a to drive the main shaft of the generator 3a to rotate.

The generator 3a is fixed to the base plate via a connecting frame 3 c. The generator 3a is in the prior art, and the main shaft rotates to drive the internal coil to cut the magnetic induction line so as to generate electric energy, in the invention, the electric energy generated by the generator 3a can be stored in an external energy storage battery, and the external energy storage battery supplies power for the sensor; in this scheme, when the carriage coupling vibrates, the motion input mechanism follows the carriage vibration, and motion conversion mechanism converts motion input mechanism's vibration motion into rotary motion, and drive mechanism transmits motion conversion mechanism's rotary motion to generator 3 a's main shaft to drive generator 3 a's main shaft is rotatory, and then produces the electric energy.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1-3, this embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment, except that a supporting frame 6 is provided on the top of the bottom plate, a sliding block 1c is fixed on the supporting frame 6, and a sliding groove is provided on the sliding block 1 c; the motion input mechanism comprises a guide rail 1b and a connecting plate 4, wherein the guide rail 1b is embedded in the chute in a sliding manner, one end of the connecting plate 4 is connected with one end of the guide rail 1b, and the other end of the connecting plate 4 is connected with a train coupler; the motion conversion mechanism comprises a first gear 1a2, a first rotating shaft 2a1 and a rack 1a1, wherein the rack 1a1 is fixed at the top of a guide rail 1b, the first rotating shaft 2a1 is rotatably connected to a first bracket 2c2 on a bottom plate, the first gear 1a2 is fixedly sleeved at one end of the first rotating shaft 2a1, and is meshed with the rack 1a 1; the transmission mechanism is used for connecting the first rotating shaft 2a1 with the main shaft of the generator 3a in a transmission way, and when the first rotating shaft 2a1 rotates, the main shaft of the generator 3a can be driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism.

It should be noted that, when the train coupler vibrates, the connecting plate 4 is driven to vibrate, the connecting plate 4 vibrates to drive the rack 1a1 connected with the connecting plate to slide reciprocally in the chute, when the rack 1a1 slides reciprocally, the first gear 1a2 meshed with the rack 1a is driven to rotate reciprocally, and then the first rotating shaft 2a1 fixedly connected with the first gear 1a2 is driven to rotate reciprocally, after the first rotating shaft 2a1 rotates reciprocally, the main shaft of the generator 3a is driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism, and then the generator 3a generates electric energy.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the connection plate 4 is connected to the train coupler by means of a ball bearing.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a second gear 2b1, a second rotating shaft 2a2, and a third rotating shaft 2a5, where the second gear 2b1 is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft 2a1, the second rotating shaft 2a2 is rotatably connected to a second bracket 2c1 on the base plate, the third rotating shaft 2a5 is parallel to the second rotating shaft 2a2 and is rotatably connected to a third bracket 2c10 on the base plate, and one end of the third rotating shaft 2a5 is connected to a main shaft of the generator 3a; the second rotating shaft 2a2 is provided with a third gear 2b2 and a fourth gear 2b6, the third rotating shaft 2a5 is fixedly sleeved with a fifth gear 2b7, the third gear 2b2 and the second gear 2b1 are meshed with each other, and the fourth gear 2b6 and the fifth gear 2b7 are meshed with each other. It should be noted that, when the first rotating shaft 2a1 rotates, the second gear 2b1 connected with the first rotating shaft is driven to rotate, the second gear 2b1 rotates and then drives the third gear 2b2 meshed with the second gear 2b to rotate, further drives the fourth gear 2b6 to rotate, and after the fourth gear 2b6 rotates, the fifth gear 2b7 meshed with the fourth gear 2b6 is driven to rotate, and the fifth gear 2b7 rotates to drive the third rotating shaft 2a5 to rotate, further drives the main shaft of the generator 3a to rotate, so as to generate electric energy.

As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the main shaft of the generator 3a is connected to the third rotating shaft 2a5 through a coupling 3 b. The coupling 3b is a mechanical part for coupling two shafts in different mechanisms to rotate together to transmit torque.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the present embodiment, the diameter of the fourth gear 2b6 is larger than the diameter of the fifth gear 2b 7. Since the diameter of the fourth gear 2b6 is larger than the diameter of the fifth gear 2b7, the rotation speed of the fifth gear 2b7 can be increased, and the rotation speed of the main shaft of the generator 3a can be increased, so as to improve the power generation efficiency.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, this embodiment is substantially the same as the above embodiment, except that the transmission mechanism further includes a fourth rotating shaft 2a4 and a fifth rotating shaft 2a3, the fourth rotating shaft 2a4 is rotatably connected to a fourth bracket 2c5 on the base plate, the fourth rotating shaft 2a4 is located at a side of the first rotating shaft 2a1 away from the second rotating shaft 2a2, the fifth rotating shaft 2a3 is rotatably connected to a fifth bracket 2c8 on the base plate, and the fifth rotating shaft 2a3 is located at a side of the fourth rotating shaft 2a4 away from the second rotating shaft 2a 2; a sixth gear 2b3 is fixedly sleeved on the fourth rotating shaft 2a4, a seventh gear 2b4 and an eighth gear 2b5 are sleeved on the fifth rotating shaft 2a3, the sixth gear 2b3 is meshed with the second gear 2b1, the seventh gear 2b4 is meshed with the sixth gear 2b3, and the eighth gear 2b5 is meshed with the fifth gear 2b 7; the fourth gear 2b6 and the eighth gear 2b5 are respectively connected with the corresponding rotating shaft through a first unidirectional bearing 2d2 and a second unidirectional bearing 2d1, and the locking directions of the first unidirectional bearing 2d2 and the second unidirectional bearing 2d1 are the same.

The principle of this embodiment is:

when the inter-cabin distance increases, that is, the rack 1a1 moves forward, the first gear 1a2 and the second gear 2b1 rotate counterclockwise; the third gear 2b2 and the sixth gear 2b3 are meshed with the second gear 2b1 and rotate clockwise; the sixth gear 2b3 is mounted on the fourth rotating shaft 2a4, and the second rotating shaft 2a2 is in key connection with the third gear 2b2 and rotates clockwise; the seventh gear 2b4 is meshed with the sixth gear 2b3 and rotates counterclockwise; the fifth rotating shaft 2a3 is connected with the seventh gear 2b4 in a key way and rotates anticlockwise; the second one-way bearing 2d1 operates when rotated counterclockwise, and the first one-way bearing 2d2 operates when rotated counterclockwise; the second unidirectional bearing 2d1 is connected with the eighth spur gear 2b5, and the first unidirectional bearing 2d2 is separated from the fourth gear 2b 6; the eighth gear 2b5 rotates anticlockwise, and the fifth gear 2b7 is meshed with the eighth gear 2b5 and moves clockwise; the third rotating shaft 2a5 is keyed to the fifth gear 2b7 and rotates clockwise. When the inter-cabin distance decreases, that is, the rack 1a1 moves backward, the first gear 1a2 and the second gear 2b1 rotate clockwise; the third gear 2b2 and the sixth gear 2b3 are meshed with the second gear 2b1 and rotate anticlockwise; the sixth gear 2b3 is mounted on the fourth rotating shaft 2a4, and the second rotating shaft 2a2 is in key connection with the third gear 2b2 and rotates anticlockwise; the seventh gear 2b4 is meshed with the sixth gear 2b3 and rotates clockwise; the fifth rotating shaft 2a3 is connected with the seventh gear 2b4 in a key way and rotates clockwise; the second one-way bearing 2d1 operates when rotated counterclockwise, and the first one-way bearing 2d2 operates when rotated counterclockwise; the second unidirectional bearing 2d1 is separated from the eighth gear 2b5, and the first unidirectional bearing 2d2 is connected with the fourth gear 2b 6; the fourth gear 2b6 rotates anticlockwise, and the fifth gear 2b7 is meshed with the straight fourth gear 2b6 and moves clockwise; the third rotating shaft 2a5 is connected with the fifth gear 2b7 in a key way and rotates clockwise. Through special gear set arrangement, the bidirectional rotation of the motion input mechanism is converted into unidirectional rotation of the main shaft of the generator 3 a.

The circuit, the electronic components and the modules are all in the prior art, and can be completely realized by a person skilled in the art, and needless to say, the protection of the invention does not relate to the improvement of software and a method.

In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an energy harvesting device based on train vibration which characterized in that includes the bottom plate and establishes on the bottom plate:

a generator (3 a);

and the transmission mechanism is used for transmitting the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator (3 a) so as to transmit the rotary motion of the motion conversion mechanism to the main shaft of the generator (3 a) to drive the main shaft of the generator (3 a) to rotate.

2. The energy collecting device based on train vibration according to claim 1, wherein a supporting frame (6) is arranged at the top of the bottom plate, a sliding block (1 c) is fixed on the supporting frame (6), and a sliding groove is arranged on the sliding block (1 c);

the motion input mechanism comprises a guide rail (1 b) and a connecting plate (4), wherein the guide rail (1 b) is embedded in the chute in a sliding way, one end of the connecting plate (4) is connected with one end of the guide rail (1 b), and the other end of the connecting plate (4) is connected with a train coupler;

the motion conversion mechanism comprises a first gear (1 a 2), a first rotating shaft (2 a 1) and a rack (1 a 1), wherein the rack (1 a 1) is fixed at the top of a guide rail (1 b), the first rotating shaft (2 a 1) is rotationally connected to a first bracket (2 c 2) on a bottom plate, the first gear (1 a 2) is fixedly sleeved at one end of the first rotating shaft (2 a 1), and the first gear is meshed with the rack (1 a 1);

the transmission mechanism is used for connecting the first rotating shaft (2 a 1) with the main shaft of the generator (3 a) in a transmission way, and when the first rotating shaft (2 a 1) rotates, the main shaft of the generator (3 a) can be driven to rotate through the transmission mechanism.

3. An energy harvesting device based on train vibrations according to claim 2, characterized in that the connection plate (4) is connected to the train coupler by means of ball bearings.

4. The energy collecting device based on train vibration according to claim 2, wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a second gear (2 b 1), a second rotating shaft (2 a 2) and a third rotating shaft (2 a 5), the second gear (2 b 1) is fixedly sleeved on the first rotating shaft (2 a 1), the second rotating shaft (2 a 2) is rotatably connected to a second bracket (2 c 1) on the bottom plate, the third rotating shaft (2 a 5) is parallel to the second rotating shaft (2 a 2) and is rotatably connected to a third bracket (2 c 10) on the bottom plate, and one end of the third rotating shaft (2 a 5) is connected with a main shaft of the generator (3 a);

the second rotating shaft (2 a 2) is provided with a third gear (2 b 2) and a fourth gear (2 b 6), a fifth gear (2 b 7) is fixedly sleeved on the third rotating shaft (2 a 5), the third gear (2 b 2) and the second gear (2 b 1) are meshed with each other, and the fourth gear (2 b 6) and the fifth gear (2 b 7) are meshed with each other.

5. The energy harvesting device based on train vibrations according to claim 4, characterized in that the main shaft of the generator (3 a) is connected to the third shaft (2 a 5) via a coupling (3 b).

6. The energy harvesting device based on train vibrations according to claim 4, characterized in that the diameter of the fourth gear (2 b 6) is larger than the diameter of the fifth gear (2 b 7).

7. The energy harvesting device according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein the transmission mechanism further comprises a fourth rotating shaft (2 a 4) and a fifth rotating shaft (2 a 3), the fourth rotating shaft (2 a 4) is rotatably connected to a fourth bracket (2 c 5) on the base plate, the fourth rotating shaft (2 a 4) is located at one side of the first rotating shaft (2 a 1) away from the second rotating shaft (2 a 2), the fifth rotating shaft (2 a 3) is rotatably connected to a fifth bracket (2 c 8) on the base plate, and the fifth rotating shaft (2 a 3) is located at one side of the fourth rotating shaft (2 a 4) away from the second rotating shaft (2 a 2);

a sixth gear (2 b 3) is fixedly sleeved on the fourth rotating shaft (2 a 4), a seventh gear (2 b 4) and an eighth gear (2 b 5) are sleeved on the fifth rotating shaft (2 a 3), the sixth gear (2 b 3) is meshed with the second gear (2 b 1), the seventh gear (2 b 4) is meshed with the sixth gear (2 b 3), and the eighth gear (2 b 5) is meshed with the fifth gear (2 b 7);

the fourth gear (2 b 6) and the eighth gear (2 b 5) are respectively connected with the corresponding rotating shaft through a first unidirectional bearing (2 d 2) and a second unidirectional bearing (2 d 1), and the locking directions of the first unidirectional bearing (2 d 2) and the second unidirectional bearing (2 d 1) are the same.

8. An energy harvesting device based on train vibrations according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator (3 a) is fixed to the floor by means of a connection frame (3 c).