CN117626534B - Solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117626534B CN117626534B CN202410107634.0A CN202410107634A CN117626534B CN 117626534 B CN117626534 B CN 117626534B CN 202410107634 A CN202410107634 A CN 202410107634A CN 117626534 B CN117626534 B CN 117626534B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of functional intelligent materials. The material is micro-nano fiber, fiber membrane or yarn or fabric formed by the micro-nano fiber and the fiber membrane which have the functions of color change and deformation and piezoelectric property when meeting solvent or solvent vapor. The leuco dye and the piezoelectric material are compounded to make the piezoelectric material serve as a color developing agent to obtain a solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor, the polymer, the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor and the solvent are uniformly mixed to obtain spinning solution, spinning is carried out to obtain a solvent response color-changing piezoelectric fiber or color-changing piezoelectric micro-nano fiber membrane, and the fiber membrane or fabric material serves as an active layer or is overlapped with other relatively inert or active materials to obtain the solvent response deformation-color-changing piezoelectric fiber material actuator. The actuator based on the fiber membrane can generate differential deformation performance and color change effect on different solvent stimulation, can generate piezoelectric signals, and is expected to be applied to the fields of environment, energy, information, intelligent response materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of functional intelligent materials, and particularly relates to a solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The environment-responsive intelligent material has important application prospect in the fields of energy environment, sensing detection, driving control and the like. With the rapid development of the fields of decoration and chemistry and chemical industry, the organic solvent or steam environment exists in various places of modern life and production, and has potential important harm to life and life health of people. The intelligent material or device is utilized to realize real-time sensing and information feedback of the organic solvent environment, thereby being beneficial to the formation of a non-contact working mode and reducing the potential hazard to human bodies. The material with triple functions of driving, sensing and feedback has important application prospect in the field and has great significance for development. The deformation and color-changing piezoelectric material responding to the organic solvent is a material which can actively deform and autonomously change color when meeting the environment of the organic solvent and can actively output piezoelectric signals, and has great significance for visual perception and detection feedback application of the environment of the solvent.
Materials with high porosity generally accelerate molecular migration and egress of solvent vapors, and accelerate/enhance the response speed and deformability of the material to solvent environments. The color-changing responsive material generally includes a photonic crystal and a thermochromic dye. Photonic crystals rely on fine assembly and periodic arrangement of micro-nano materials, and generally have high requirements on the regularity and processing mode of the substrate material, and when the stop band is in the visible light range, a photonic stop band and color can be generated. The color of the thermochromic dye can be changed reversibly under different solvent environments in a powder form or simply compounded into other matrix materials, wherein the color change mechanism is diversified, such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, pi-pi stacking and the like between solvent molecules and dye molecules, and the interactions influence the resonance structure and charge transfer behavior of the dye molecules, so that the light absorption characteristics and the color of the dye molecules are changed. The traditional piezoelectric device is mainly realized by film formation of an organic piezoelectric material or compounding of an organic/inorganic piezoelectric material.
At present, the reported materials have few deformation-color change dual response functions in an organic solvent environment, the processing method is complex, the controllability is poor, the requirements of quick deformation response, large driving deformation and quick color change-color change can not be met, and the practicability of the materials is reduced. The piezoelectric-color-changing function is not reported on the same material, and the material with the deformation-color-piezoelectric triple function is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a solvent-response color-changing piezoelectric material, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a solvent deformation-color-changing piezoelectric material, which overcomes the defects that a solvent dual-response actuator in the prior art has single performance and poor controllability, and cannot take into account quick response, large deformation and stable recovery.
The invention relates to a solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material, which comprises a color-changing piezoelectric factor material; the color-changing piezoelectric factor material comprises polymer fibers and solvent color-changing piezoelectric factors, wherein the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factors are leuco dye and piezoelectric material composites; the mass ratio of the leuco dye to the piezoelectric material is (500:1) - (1:500).
Preferably, the leuco dye is a micronano leuco dye; the piezoelectric material is micro-nano piezoelectric material.
Preferably, the color-changing piezoelectric factor material is a color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material; the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material is one or more of color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber, color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber film, color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber yarn and color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber fabric.
The color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber fabric is obtained by taking color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fibers or color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber membranes as raw materials.
Preferably, the color-changing piezoelectric factor material component comprises a polymer fiber and a solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the leuco dye to the piezoelectric material is (20:1) - (1:20).
Preferably, the piezoelectric material in the leuco dye and piezoelectric material composite is used as a color developing agent to provide a proton to be combined with the leuco dye for color development.
Further, the leuco dye and piezoelectric material compound is a piezoelectric material surface loaded leuco dye.
The solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor is a micro-nano material which is prepared by taking a piezoelectric material as a color developing agent and a leuco dye through one or more methods of mechanical grinding, wet mixing, hot pressing and ultrasonic compounding.
Preferably, the piezoelectric material is an inorganic piezoelectric material.
Further, the inorganic piezoelectric material is one or more of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, modified lead zirconate titanate, lead metaniobate, lead barium lithium niobate and modified lead titanate.
Further preferably, the inorganic piezoelectric material is barium titanate or lead zirconate titanate. Barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and the like can be used as a color developer to convert colorless leuco dyes into color-rich pigments, and the piezoelectric performance is excellent.
Preferably, the leuco dye comprises one or more of arylmethane leuco dye, quinone leuco dye (such as hematoxylin), spiropyran leuco dye (such as benzopyran and heterocyclic indoline and benzothiazoline), and thiazine (such as benzoylated recessive methyl blue).
Further preferably, the arylmethane leuco dye includes phthalein type leuco dye (such as phthalocyanine green, phthalocyanine blue), triphenylmethane leuco dye (such as 2 phenyl-amino-3 methyl 6-diethylaminofluoran (ODB)).
Further, the triphenylmethane leuco dye is at least one of precursor methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone and crystal violet lactone. For example, crystal violet lactone can be combined with a color developing agent to form dark blue triphenylmethane dye, and the piezoelectric performance of the inorganic piezoelectric material of the color developing agent is not affected.
Further, the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor includes one or more of barium titanate loaded with crystal violet lactone, lead zirconate titanate loaded with crystal violet lactone, and the like.
Preferably, the polymeric fiber material includes, but is not limited to, polyester, polyurethane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, p-styrene-isoprene, polybenzimidazole, poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide, polycarbonate, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, poly-m-phenylene terephthalamide, polyetherimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, vinylcarbazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyetheretherketone, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, poly-ferrocenyldimethylsilane, polyimide, polypyrrole, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polybutylene succinate, cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, chitin, sulfonated cellulose, silk protein, chitosan, hydroxypropyl cellulose, collagen, zein, or a mixture of several of these.
Further preferably, the polymer fiber component comprises one or more of polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polylactic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, thermoplastic polyurethane and polyvinylidene fluoride, and the polymer can be well combined with the color-changing piezoelectric factor without affecting the color-changing effect and piezoelectric performance of the color-changing piezoelectric factor.
Preferably, the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material is a layer of color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material or comprises an inert layer and an active layer; wherein at least one of the active layer and the inert layer is a color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material; wherein the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material is a color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber film and/or a color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber fabric.
The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material comprises an inert layer and an active layer, so that the material has solvent-responsive deformation-color-changing piezoelectric properties.
Preferably, the color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber membrane is a fiber membrane embedded with a solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor.
Furthermore, the micro-nano fiber membrane is prepared by spinning, and is embedded with a solvent-color-changing piezoelectric factor, wherein the solvent-color-changing piezoelectric factor is partially or completely embedded into polymer fibers or distributed among fiber networks. Wherein the solvent-color-changing piezoelectric factors include, but are not limited to, various types of solvent-color-changing piezoelectric micro-nano materials.
Preferably, the thickness ratio of the inert layer to the active layer is (0:1) - (100:1).
Further preferably, the thickness ratio of the inert layer to the active layer is (1:4) - (4:1).
Preferably, at least one of the active layer and the inert layer is a color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material. The method comprises the following steps: the active layer and the inert layer are both color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber materials, or the active layer is only the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber materials, or the inert layer is only the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber materials.
Preferably, when the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material serves as an active layer only or an inert layer only, the active layer or inert layer combined therewith includes, but is not limited to, one or more of a polymer film, a metal coating, a fiber material.
Preferably, the polymer in the polymer film includes, but is not limited to, one of polyester, polyurethane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, p-styrene-isoprene, polybenzimidazole, poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide, polycarbonate, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, poly-p-phenylene isophthalamide, polyetherimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, vinylcarbazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyetheretherketone, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, poly-ferrocenyldimethylsilane, polyimide, polypyrrole, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyacetic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, sulfonated cellulose, silk protein, chitosan, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium alginate, collagen, or zein.
Further preferably, the polymer is polyimide.
Polyimide has good chemical stability, an excellent inert layer material.
Preferably, the metal in the metal film and the metal coating comprises one or more of aluminum, copper, tin, silver, titanium, zinc, magnesium, iron, platinum, tungsten, nickel, titanium alloy, cadmium, hafnium, cobalt, iridium, dysprosium, tungsten, molybdenum, lead and zirconium and conductive adhesive tapes prepared from the metals; further preferred metals are copper foil tape and silver nanowire coating.
The copper foil adhesive tape silver nanowire coating has the advantages of inert and soft organic reagent, good conductivity and easiness in piezoelectric signal transmission, and can be used as an inert layer.
Preferably, the fibrous material includes, but is not limited to, one or more of plant fibers, animal fibers, mineral fibers, synthetic fibers.
Further preferably, the fiber material is cotton cloth or conductive cloth.
The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric fiber material is responsive to a solvent or solvent vapor, wherein the solvent comprises an organic solvent; wherein the organic solvent comprises at least one of ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and N, N-dimethylformamide.
The driver comprises the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material, wherein the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material comprises an inert layer and an active layer.
The actuator is of a double-layer or multi-layer structure, and the active layer and the inert layer can be a color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber membrane or fabric, or the active layer is a color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber membrane or fabric, or the inert layer is a color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nano fiber membrane or fabric.
The preparation method of the solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material comprises the following steps:
Uniformly mixing the polymer, the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor and the solvent to obtain spinning solution, and continuously spinning to obtain a solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material;
Or uniformly mixing the polymer, the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor and the solvent to obtain spinning solution, and spinning to obtain the color-changing piezoelectric response micro-nano fiber or fiber membrane; and superposing the color-changing piezoelectric response micro-nano fiber film or fabric formed by the color-changing piezoelectric response micro-nano fiber film serving as an active layer or an inert layer with the later combined inert layer or active layer to obtain the solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material.
The solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor is a compound of leuco dye and piezoelectric material, wherein the mass ratio of the leuco dye to the piezoelectric material is (500:1) - (1:500).
The polymer is one or more of polyester, polyurethane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylbutyral, p-styrene-isoprene, polybenzimidazole, poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide, polycarbonate, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, poly-m-phenylene terephthalamide, polyether imide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, vinylcarbazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyether ether ketone, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, poly-ferrocenyldimethylsilane, polyimide, polypyrrole, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyglycolic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, sulfonated cellulose, silk protein, chitosan, sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nitrocellulose, collagen, egg white, corn protein, or zein.
Further preferably, the mass ratio of the leuco dye to the piezoelectric material is (20:1) - (1:20).
Preferably, the piezoelectric material is an inorganic piezoelectric material.
Further, the inorganic piezoelectric material is one or more of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, modified lead zirconate titanate, lead metaniobate, lead barium lithium niobate and modified lead titanate.
Further preferably, the inorganic piezoelectric material is barium titanate or lead zirconate titanate. Barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and the like can be used as a color developer to convert colorless leuco dyes into color-rich pigments, and the piezoelectric performance is excellent.
Preferably, the leuco dye comprises one or more of arylmethane leuco dye, quinone leuco dye (such as hematoxylin), spiropyran leuco dye (such as benzopyran and heterocyclic indoline and benzothiazoline), and thiazine (such as benzoylated recessive methyl blue).
Further preferably, the arylmethane leuco dye includes phthalein type leuco dye (such as phthalocyanine green, phthalocyanine blue), triphenylmethane leuco dye (such as 2 phenyl-amino-3 methyl 6-diethylaminofluoran (ODB)).
Further, the triphenylmethane leuco dye is at least one of precursor methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone and crystal violet lactone. For example, crystal violet lactone can be combined with a color developing agent to form dark blue triphenylmethane dye, and the piezoelectric performance of the inorganic piezoelectric material of the color developing agent is not affected.
Further, the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor is one or more of barium titanate loaded with crystal violet lactone, barium titanate loaded with methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone, lead zirconate titanate loaded with methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone and the like.
The solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor is obtained by compounding leuco dye with a piezoelectric material to make the piezoelectric material serve as a color-developing agent.
Preferably, the combination mode of the leuco dye and the piezoelectric material is one or more of mechanical grinding, wet mixing, hot pressing, ultrasonic combination and the like.
It is further preferred that the leuco dye is composited with the piezoelectric material by mechanical milling. Mechanical milling methods are simple and are often used to prepare functional hybrid materials to enhance guest-host interactions.
Preferably, the solvent comprises one or more of water, methanol, toluene, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, N-dimethylformamide and thionyl chloride.
Further preferably, the solvent comprises one or more of absolute ethyl alcohol, water, N-dimethylformamide and acetone.
Preferably, the uniformly mixing is performed at the temperature of 10-100 ℃ for 1-24 hours.
Preferably, the concentration of the polymer in the spinning solution is 0.5 wt% -50 wt%; the mass ratio of the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor to the polymer is (20:1) - (1:500).
Preferably, the spinning solution is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment before spinning, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion time is 0-60 minutes, and the defoaming time is 0-120 minutes.
Preferably, the spinning comprises at least one of electrostatic spinning, dry spinning, wet spinning, dry-wet spinning, microfluidic spinning and bubble spinning.
Preferably, the superposing mode comprises at least one of continuous spinning superposing, direct deposition superposing, bonding by using an adhesive and tape pasting.
The invention provides application of the solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material in the fields of chemistry, energy, information, environment, medical treatment or intelligent response.
Preferably, the application of the chemical field comprises analytical chemistry, chemical solvent type recognition.
Preferably, the application of the energy field comprises energy collection, storage and release.
Preferably, the information comprises sensing, information protection and information interaction equipment.
Preferably, the environmental field of application includes toxic gas detection, environmental monitoring.
Preferably, the medical field of application comprises a flexible or wearable medical device.
Preferably, the application in the intelligent response field comprises an application in the field of artificial muscle, soft robot or human-computer interaction.
Particularly, the fiber material is a micro-nano fiber film with color-changing deformation and piezoelectric function when meeting solvents or solvent vapors, and an actuator based on the fiber film can generate different deformation performance, color-changing effect and piezoelectric signals when being stimulated by different solvents, such as the difference of color-changing degree of the fiber material caused by different polarities of the solvents, the difference of volatility of different solvents, the difference of expansibility of the fiber film actuator when meeting different solvents, and the like, and is expected to be applied to the fields of environment, energy sources, information, intelligent response materials and the like.
Advantageous effects
(1) The inventors have unexpectedly found that the piezoelectric material can also play a role of a color-developing agent after the piezoelectric material is compounded with the leuco dye; (2) According to the invention, the solvent response deformation-color-changing piezoelectric fiber material is obtained by adding the color-changing factors into the spinning solution, the solvent atmosphere can be responded, the solvent type can be identified, for example, the color can be changed and deformed in the solvent atmosphere, and the color change degree, the deformation effect and the piezoelectric signal in different solvent atmospheres are different, so that the solvent type and the like can be identified;
(3) The invention forms the composite micro-nano fiber membrane by means of integrated spinning, and integrates the color-changing piezoelectric factor into the fiber gaps or fibers in situ by a spinning means, and the whole strategy has the advantages of multiple material choices, simple process, high efficiency, low cost, flexible design, strong adjustability, easy popularization, large scale production potential and the like;
(4) The invention has good controllability (such as controllable spinning solution proportion, controllable addition of color-changing piezoelectric factors, controllable fiber material morphology and the like), and takes into account quick response, large deformation and stable resilience;
(5) The invention utilizes the spinning technology to realize the fiber-based color-changing piezoelectric material with good solvent affinity and high porosity, breaks through the contradiction between deformation and color-changing piezoelectric properties, realizes the synchronous improvement of the three properties, and promotes the development and application of the intelligent response material in solvent environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the electrospinning process and formation mechanism of a solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric fiber device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the solvent-variable piezoelectric micro-nano material (crystal violet lactone and barium titanate mechanically ground) according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope of a crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride composite film prepared by electrospinning according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the macroscopic effect of a crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride single-layer composite film fiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride single-layer composite film fiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning on the discoloration of ethanol atmosphere;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the electrostatic spinning supported crystal violet lactone barium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride fiber film and electrostatic spinning polyethylene oxide fiber film on the change of color of alcohol atmosphere and the actuation behavior of a double-layer solvent response deformation-change-color piezoelectric micro-nano fiber film;
FIG. 7 is a graph of piezoelectric signals of a double-layer solvent response deformation-color change piezoelectric micro-nano fiber membrane and an ethanol atmosphere, which is constructed by jointly using an electrostatic spinning crystal violet lactone loaded barium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride fiber membrane and an electrostatic spinning polyethylene oxide fiber membrane;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the bending actuation behavior of a double-layer solvent response deformation-color-changing piezoelectric micro-nano fiber film formed by jointly spinning crystal violet-loaded barium titanate polyvinyl chloride fibers and an electrostatic spinning polyvinyl alcohol fiber film by wet spinning at normal temperature under different concentrations of isopropanol;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the effect of the co-construction of a double-layer solvent response deformation-discoloration piezoelectric micro-nano fiber film on the discoloration of isopropanol atmosphere by wet spinning of crystal violet-loaded barium titanate polyvinyl chloride fiber film and electrostatic spinning of polyvinyl alcohol fiber film;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of changing color and actuation behavior of a double-layer solvent response deformation-changing color piezoelectric micro-nano fiber membrane on methanol atmosphere, which is constructed by co-spinning a barium titanate polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane loaded with methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone and a barium titanate thermoplastic polyurethane fiber membrane loaded with crystal violet lactone;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the effect of three layers of solvent response deformation-discoloration piezoelectric micro-nano fiber membranes on the discoloration of an acetone atmosphere and the actuation behavior of the three layers of solvent response deformation-discoloration piezoelectric micro-nano fiber membranes constructed by a bubble spinning crystal violet lactone loaded lead zirconate titanate polylactic acid fiber membrane, a bubble spinning pure polylactic acid fiber membrane and a polyimide adhesive tape;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the effect of a micro-fluid spinning supported crystal violet lactone lead zirconate titanate polyethylene pyrrolidone fiber membrane and a silver nano coating on the change of color of N, N-dimethylformamide atmosphere and the actuation behavior of a double-layer solvent response deformation-change-color piezoelectric micro-nano fiber membrane constructed together according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The application will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present application, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.
The main reagents related to the invention are all of analytical grade and are all used directly.
Barium titanate (BTO, 100nm, aledine); lead zirconate titanate (PZT, 1-3 μm, microphone); crystal violet lactone (CVL, AR, source leaf); emamectin benzoate (CVL-S, AR, source leaf); absolute ethanol (EtOH, AR, predominance); n, N-dimethylformamide (DMF, AR, aledine); polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, mw=600000, source leaf); polyethylene oxide (PEO, mw=500000, source leaf); acetone (AC, AR, shanghai test); methanol (MeOH, AR, shanghai test); isopropyl alcohol (IPA, AR, aledine); polyvinyl chloride (PVC, RG, K value: 59-55, adamas); polyacrylonitrile (PAN, mw=4000, source leaf); thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU, mw=150000, michel); polylactic acid (PLA, mw=80000, microphone); polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, mw=24000, rohn reagent).
The preparation method of the crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate selected in examples 1 to 3 is as follows:
At normal temperature, crystal Violet Lactone (CVL) and nano barium titanate were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5, and the color change was observed, and when the color changed to blue, the grinding was stopped, and grinding was expected for 5 minutes, to obtain crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate, as shown in fig. 2.
The preparation method of the selected methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate in example 4 comprises the following steps:
At normal temperature, mixing the methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone and nano barium titanate in a mass ratio of 1:5, observing color change, stopping grinding when the color changes to blue, and carrying out grinding for 5 minutes to obtain the barium titanate loaded with the methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone.
The preparation method of the lead zirconate titanate loaded with crystal violet lactone in examples 5 to 6 comprises the following steps:
At normal temperature, crystal violet lactone and lead zirconate titanate powder were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:6, and the color change was observed, and grinding was stopped when the color changed to blue, and grinding was expected to be performed for 5 minutes. Obtaining lead zirconate titanate loaded with crystal violet lactone.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric fiber device is provided, and the preparation method of the device is as follows:
Firstly, barium Titanate (BTC) loaded with crystal violet lactone is weighed and mixed with a solvent (N, N dimethylformamide and acetone in a volume ratio of 1:1), and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Then, the mass ratio of BTC to polyvinylidene fluoride was controlled to be 1:10, weighing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), preparing a PVDF solution with the mass concentration of 10wt%, adding the PVDF solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare a binary mixed solution, stirring the binary mixed solution until the binary mixed solution is completely dissolved, performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment, and then performing continuous spinning with an 18kV voltage and 15cm receiving distance and 1.0 mL h -1 electrostatic spinning parameters (see figure 1) for 1h to obtain the polyvinylidene fluoride/BTC composite film with the thickness of 40 mu m.
The PVDF/BTC composite membrane (see figures 3 and 4) is constructed into a flexible single-layer device which can generate instant and repeated color change (blue-colorless-blue) response behavior (shown in figure 5) to the stimulation of ethanol vapor molecules. The device was capable of changing color within 0.6 seconds and recovering the primary color in 2 minutes at 1 cm from the ethanol level.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a solvent-responsive deformation-discoloration piezoelectric fiber material actuator is provided, and the preparation method of the actuator is as follows: firstly, barium Titanate (BTC) loaded with crystal violet lactone is weighed and mixed with a solvent (N, N dimethylformamide and acetone in a volume ratio of 1:1), and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Then, the mass ratio of BTC to polyvinylidene fluoride was controlled to be 1:10, weighing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), preparing a PVDF solution with the mass concentration of 10wt%, adding the PVDF solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare a binary mixed solution, stirring the binary mixed solution until the binary mixed solution is completely dissolved, performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment, and continuously spinning for 1h with the voltage of 18kV and the receiving distance of 15cm and the electrostatic spinning parameter of 1.0 mL h -1 to obtain the PVDF/BTC composite film with the thickness of 40 mu m.
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is dissolved in deionized water, 5wt% of PEO spinning solution is prepared, a PVDF/BTC composite film is used as a receiving substrate, a receiving distance of 20cm is set at 15kV voltage, and 1mL h -1 electrostatic spinning parameters are used for directly electrostatic deposition of the PEO electrostatic spinning film on the PVDF/BTC composite film. After the spinning time is 1h, the double-layer actuator of the solvent response deformation-color change piezoelectric fiber material with the thickness of 80 mu m, which is constructed by the 40 mu m active layer and the 40 mu m inert layer, is obtained.
The actuator can produce an immediate, repeated color change (blue-colorless-blue) deformation response behavior (as shown in fig. 6) to the stimulation of the ethanol vapor molecules. The actuator can realize 480 DEG crimp deformation and restore the original state in 0.3 seconds at a position 1cm away from the ethanol liquid surface, and can change color in 0.6 seconds and restore the original color in 2 minutes. 360-degree curling deformation and original state restoration can be realized within 2.5 seconds at a distance of 2cm from the ethanol solution, a 0.8V piezoelectric signal (shown in fig. 7) can be obtained through actuation, the curling deformation and original state restoration are one cycle, and the deformation capacity of the double-layer actuator is not attenuated after 150 cycles.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a solvent-responsive deformation-discoloration piezoelectric fiber material dual-layer actuator is provided, and the preparation method of the dual-layer actuator is as follows:
Firstly, barium Titanate (BTC) loaded with crystal violet lactone is weighed and mixed with a solvent (N, N dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran solution in a volume ratio of 1:1), and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Then, the mass ratio of BTC to polyvinyl chloride is controlled to be 1:10, weighing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), preparing a PVC solution with the mass concentration of 25wt%, adding the PVC solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution until the mixed solution is completely dissolved, performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment, and performing wet spinning for 1h at the spinning temperature of 60 ℃ in an aqueous solution of 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a coagulating bath to obtain the PVC/BTC composite fiber with the diameter of about 20 mu m. The PVC/BTC composite fiber is woven into a sheet shape to obtain the PVC/BTC composite fiber fabric with the thickness of about 30 mu m.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is dissolved in deionized water, 10wt% PVA spinning solution is prepared, a PVC/BTC composite fiber fabric is used as a receiving substrate, 12kV voltage and 18cm receiving distance are used, and a PVA electrostatic spinning film is directly and electrostatically deposited on the PVC/BTC composite fiber fabric by using 0.8 mL h -1 electrostatic spinning parameters. After spinning for 0.75h, a double-layer actuator of the solvent response deformation-color change piezoelectric fiber material with the thickness of 60 mu m, which is constructed by a 30 mu m active layer and a 30 mu m inert layer, is obtained.
The actuator can generate instant and repeated deformation and color change (blue-colorless-blue) response behaviors (shown in fig. 8 and 9) to the stimulation of organic vapors such as isopropanol. The differential actuation effect of the device under different concentrations of isopropanol stimulation is shown in figure 8. The different volatilisation concentrations of isopropanol at different heights from the liquid surface lead to a difference in deformability of the actuator. The double-layer actuator can change color within 0.6 seconds and recover the primary color within 2 minutes at a position 1 cm away from the isopropanol liquid level, can realize 360-degree curling deformation within 0.3 seconds, and can be actuated to obtain a 0.4V piezoelectric signal. The deformation and recovery of the original state is one cycle, and the deformation capability of the double layer actuator is not attenuated after 125 cycles.
The solvent-responsive deformation-discoloration piezoelectric fiber material double-layer actuator constructed of the woven sheet layer (30 μm) and the PVA fiber film (30 μm) having a thickness of 60 μm was discolored by blue and was subjected to 460-degree curling at 1 cm from the isopropyl alcohol liquid surface for 0.4 seconds as shown in fig. 9.
Example 4
In this embodiment, a solvent-responsive deformation-discoloration piezoelectric fiber material dual-layer actuator is provided, and the preparation method of the dual-layer actuator is as follows:
Firstly, barium titanate (BTC-S) loaded with methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone is weighed and mixed with a solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide), and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Then, the mass ratio of BTC to polyacrylonitrile was controlled to be 1:10, weighing Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to prepare PAN solution with the mass concentration of 10wt%, adding the PAN solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare binary mixed solution, stirring until the binary mixed solution is completely dissolved, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment to obtain PAN/BTC-S spinning solution.
Then weighing barium titanate (BTC-S) loaded with the methyl ethyl crystal violet lactone, mixing with a solvent (acetone), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Then, the mass ratio of BTC-S to thermoplastic polyurethane was controlled to be 1:10, weighing Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) to prepare a TPU solution with the mass concentration of 17wt%, adding the TPU solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare a binary mixed solution, stirring until the binary mixed solution is completely dissolved, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment to obtain the TPU/BTC-S spinning solution.
And continuously carrying out electrostatic spinning on the PAN/BTC-S spinning solution for 1h at a voltage of 12kV, a receiving distance of 15cm and an electrostatic spinning parameter of 1.0 mL h -1 to obtain the PAN/BTC-S composite film with the thickness of 40 mu m. And directly carrying out electrostatic deposition on the TPU/BTC-S electrostatic spinning film with the thickness of 40 mu m on the PAN/BTC-S composite film, and carrying out electrostatic spinning for 1h under the parameters of 1.0 mL h -1 by 17kV voltage and 15cm receiving distance. Thus obtaining the solvent response deformation-color change fiber material double-layer actuator.
The dual layer actuator can produce an immediate, repeated deformation and discoloration (blue-colorless-blue) response behavior (as shown in fig. 10) to methanol organic vapor stimulation. The double-layer actuator can realize 440-degree deformation within 0.8 seconds at a position 1 cm away from the methanol liquid level, can change color within 1 second and recover primary colors within 3 minutes, can realize 360-degree deformation within 0.67 seconds, and can be actuated to obtain a 0.5V piezoelectric signal. The deformation and recovery of the original state is one cycle, and the deformation capability of the double-layer actuator is not attenuated after 20 cycles.
The double layer actuator is shown in fig. 10 to fade from blue, and at 1 cm from the methanol level, 440 degree deformation can be achieved in 0.8 seconds.
Example 5
In this embodiment, a three-layer actuator of solvent-responsive deformation-discoloration piezoelectric fiber material is provided, and the preparation method of the three-layer actuator is as follows:
Firstly, lead zirconate titanate (PZTC) loaded with crystal violet lactone is weighed and mixed with a solvent (N, N dimethylformamide and chloroform in a volume ratio of 1:9), and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Next, the mass ratio of PZTC to polylactic acid was controlled to be 1:10, weighing polylactic acid (PLA) to prepare a PLA solution with the mass concentration of 6wt%, adding the PLA solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare a mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution until the mixed solution is completely dissolved, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment to obtain the PLA/PZTC spinning solution.
Polylactic acid (PLA) is weighed and mixed with solvent (N, N dimethylformamide and chloroform volume ratio 1:9 solution) to prepare 6wt% pure PLA solution. PLA/PZTC spinning solution is continuously spun for 1h through a bubble spinning process with the orifice diameter of a liquid storage tube being 5.5 mm, the air flow rate being 600L/min, the relative humidity being 65 percent and the temperature being 40 ℃ and the receiving distance being 15cm, and a 50 mu mPLA/PZTC composite fiber membrane is spun. Taking the PLA/PZTC composite fiber film as a substrate, continuously spinning the pure PLA spinning solution through a bubble spinning process with the aperture diameter of a liquid storage tube of 6mm, the air flow rate of 500L/min, the relative humidity of 70 percent and the temperature of 25 ℃ and the receiving distance of 15cm for 1h to obtain the 50 mu m pure PLA fiber film, thereby obtaining the 100 mu m double-layer fiber film. And sticking a 50 mu m polyimide tape on the surface of the pure PLA fiber film to obtain the three-layer actuator of the solvent response deformation-color-changing piezoelectric fiber material.
The three-layer actuator can generate instant and repeated deformation and color change (blue-colorless-blue) response behaviors (shown in fig. 11) to the stimulation of organic vapors such as acetone. The three-layer actuator can change color within 2 seconds and recover the primary color within 10 minutes at a position 1 cm away from the acetone liquid level, can realize 360-degree curling deformation within 1 second, and can be actuated to obtain a 0.1V piezoelectric signal. The deformation and recovery of the original state is one cycle, and the deformation capability of the double-layer actuator is not attenuated after 100 cycles.
Fig. 11 shows that the dual layer actuator fades from blue, at 1 cm from the acetone level, 610 degrees of deformation can be achieved in 1.7 seconds.
Example 6
In this embodiment, a solvent-responsive deformation-discoloration piezoelectric fiber material dual-layer actuator is provided, and the preparation method of the dual-layer actuator is as follows:
Firstly, weighing lead zirconate titanate (PZTC) loaded with crystal violet lactone, mixing with ethanol, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Next, the mass ratio of DMNB and polyvinylpyrrolidone was controlled to be 1:10, weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to prepare PVP solution with the mass concentration of 15wt%, adding the PVP solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare a mixed solution, stirring until the mixed solution is completely dissolved, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment to obtain PVP/PZTC spinning solution. PVP/PZTC spinning solution is subjected to continuous micro-flow spinning for 1h at a propulsion rate of 1ml/h and a drum collection rotating speed of 1000rmp under the condition of 25 ℃ and relative humidity of 50%, so that a 45 mu m spinning film is obtained. A30 μm thick silver paste coating was spin-coated thereon, and the dual-layer actuator produced an immediate, repeated deformation, discoloration (blue-colorless-blue) response to stimulation by organic vapor molecules such as N, N-dimethylformamide (see FIG. 12). The double-layer actuator can change color within 0.6 seconds and recover the primary color within 2 minutes at a position 1 cm away from the DMF liquid level, can realize 360-degree curling deformation within 0.67 seconds, and can be actuated to obtain a 0.15V piezoelectric signal. The deformation and recovery of the original state is one cycle, and the deformation capability of the double-layer actuator is not attenuated after 100 cycles.
As shown in fig. 12, the double layer actuator faded from blue, 470 degrees of deformation could be achieved within 0.8 seconds at 1 cm from the DMF level.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, comparative example 2, a fibrous material actuator was provided in which the additives in the dope were crystal violet lactone and barium titanate, which were mixed but not ground. The preparation method of the actuator comprises the following steps: firstly, CVL-BTO (crystal violet lactone and barium titanate are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:5, only without grinding) is weighed and mixed with a solvent (N, N dimethylformamide and acetone in a volume ratio of 1:1), and the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain a dispersion liquid. Then, the mass ratio of CVL-BTO to polyvinylidene fluoride is controlled to be 1:10, weighing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), preparing PVDF solution with the mass concentration of 10wt%, adding the PVDF solution into the dispersion liquid to prepare binary mixed solution, stirring the binary mixed solution until the binary mixed solution is completely dissolved, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion and defoaming treatment, and carrying out continuous spinning for 1h with the voltage of 18kV and the receiving distance of 15cm and the electrostatic spinning parameter of 1.0 mL h -1 to obtain the PVDF/CVL-BTO composite film with the thickness of 40 mu m.
Polyethylene oxide (PEO) is dissolved in deionized water, 5wt% of PEO spinning solution is prepared, a PVDF/CVL-BTO composite film is used as a receiving substrate, a receiving distance of 20cm is set at 15kV voltage, and a PEO electrostatic spinning film is directly and electrostatically deposited on the PVDF/CVL-BTO composite film by using 1mL h -1 electrostatic spinning parameters. After a spinning time of 1h, a fibre material double-layer actuator with a thickness of 80 μm is obtained, which is constructed by a 40 μm active layer and a 40 μm inert layer.
The actuator is white in color, no blue color is generated, no color change effect is generated, 360-degree curling deformation and the original state can be achieved within 0.3 seconds at a position 1 cm away from the ethanol liquid surface, 350-degree curling deformation and the original state can be achieved within 3 seconds at a position 2 cm away from the ethanol liquid surface, and a 0.6V piezoelectric signal can be obtained through actuation. Compared with example 2, there was no discoloration effect, the deformation performance was reduced, and the piezoelectric signal was reduced.
Claims (9)
1. A solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material, wherein the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material comprises a color-changing piezoelectric factor material; the color-changing piezoelectric factor material comprises polymer fibers and solvent color-changing piezoelectric factors, wherein the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factors are leuco dye and piezoelectric material composites; the mass ratio of the leuco dye to the piezoelectric material is (500:1) - (1:500); wherein the piezoelectric material in the leuco dye and piezoelectric material compound is used as a color developing agent to provide a proton and leuco dye to be compounded for color development; the color-changing piezoelectric factor material is a color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material;
the solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material comprises an inert layer and an active layer; wherein at least one of the active layer and the inert layer is a color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material.
2. The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material is one or more of color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nanofibers, color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nanofiber membranes, color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nanofiber yarns, and color-changing piezoelectric factor micro-nanofiber fabrics.
3. The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material according to claim 1, wherein the leuco dye comprises one or more of an arylmethane leuco dye, a quinone leuco dye, a spiropyran leuco dye, and a thiazine leuco dye;
The arylmethane leuco dye comprises one or more of phthalide leuco dye and triphenylmethane leuco dye;
the triphenylmethane leuco dye is at least one of precursor alpha-ethyl crystal violet lactone and crystal violet lactone;
The piezoelectric material is an inorganic piezoelectric material;
the inorganic piezoelectric material is one or more of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, modified lead zirconate titanate, lead metaniobate, lead barium lithium niobate and modified lead titanate;
The polymer fiber comprises polyester, polyurethane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, p-styrene-isoprene, polybenzimidazole, poly-p-phenylene isophthalamide, polycarbonate, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, polyether imide, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polysulfone, vinylcarbazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyether ether ketone, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, poly-ferrocenyldimethylsilane, polyimide, polypyrrole, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene imine, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxyacetic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate, cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, sulfonated cellulose, silk protein, chitosan, sodium alginate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, nitrocellulose, gelatin, collagen, egg white, or a mixture of several of corn proteins.
4. The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material of claim 3, wherein the leuco dye and piezoelectric material composite comprises one or more of crystal violet lactone-loaded barium titanate, crystal violet lactone-loaded lead zirconate titanate, and crystal violet lactone-loaded lead zirconate titanate.
5. The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material of claim 1, wherein the inert layer to active layer thickness ratio is (0:1) - (100:1); when the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material only serves as an active layer or only serves as an inert layer, the active layer or the inert layer combined with the color-changing piezoelectric factor fiber material is selected from one or more of a polymer film, a metal coating and a fiber material.
6. The solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material according to claim 5, the polymer in the polymer film comprises polyester, polyurethane, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl butyral, p-styrene-isoprene, polybenzimidazole, poly-p-phenylene isophthalamide, polycarbonate, poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, poly-hydroxy acetic acid, poly-hydroxy alkanoic acid ester, poly-ethylene terephthalate, poly-propylene terephthalate, poly-butylene terephthalate, polysulfone, vinylcarbazole, polyacrylonitrile, polyether ether ketone, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer, poly-ferrocenyldimethyl silane, polyimide, polypyrrole, polyoxymethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene imine, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, poly-hydroxy acetic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, poly-butylene succinate, cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, sulfonated cellulose, silk protein, chitosan, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, cellulose, collagen, egg white, or corn starch, egg white, or a mixture of several of egg proteins;
the metal in the metal film and the metal coating comprises one or more of aluminum, copper, tin, silver, titanium, zinc, magnesium, iron, platinum, tungsten, nickel, titanium alloy, cadmium, hafnium, cobalt, iridium, dysprosium, molybdenum, lead and zirconium;
The fiber material comprises one or more of plant fiber, animal fiber, mineral fiber and synthetic fiber.
7. A method of preparing the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material of any one of claims 1-6, comprising:
Uniformly mixing the polymer, the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor and the solvent to obtain spinning solution, and spinning to obtain color-changing piezoelectric response micro-nano fibers or fiber membranes; and superposing the color-changing piezoelectric response micro-nano fiber film or fabric formed by the color-changing piezoelectric response micro-nano fiber film serving as an active layer or an inert layer with the later combined inert layer or active layer to obtain the solvent response color-changing piezoelectric material.
8. The method for preparing the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material according to claim 7, wherein the solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric factor is obtained from raw materials containing leuco dye and piezoelectric material by one or more of mechanical grinding, wet mixing, hot pressing and ultrasonic compounding;
The solvent comprises one or more of water, methanol, toluene, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, N-dimethylformamide and thionyl chloride;
The concentration of the polymer in the spinning solution is 0.5 wt% -50 wt%; the mass ratio of the solvent color-changing piezoelectric factor to the polymer is (20:1) - (1:500); the spinning comprises at least one of electrostatic spinning, dry spinning, wet spinning, dry-wet spinning, microfluidic spinning and bubble spinning;
The superposing mode comprises at least one of continuous spinning superposing, direct deposition superposing, bonding by using an adhesive and tape pasting.
9. Use of a solvent-responsive color-changing piezoelectric material according to any one of claims 1-6 in the fields of chemistry, energy, information, environment, medical or intelligent response.
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