CN117625871A - Blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device and process - Google Patents
Blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN117625871A CN117625871A CN202311612529.4A CN202311612529A CN117625871A CN 117625871 A CN117625871 A CN 117625871A CN 202311612529 A CN202311612529 A CN 202311612529A CN 117625871 A CN117625871 A CN 117625871A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 247
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004177 carbon cycle Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/02—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of iron making, and discloses a blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle iron making production device and process capable of realizing low-carbon cycle production. The device comprises a blast furnace, a dust removing device, a residual pressure utilization blower, a heating furnace, a shaft furnace, a heat exchanger, a dehydrator, a first CO, a second CO and a third CO 2 Separation treatment device, heater, gas reformer, gas storage and CO 2 The gas generated by the blast furnace enters the heating furnace through the dust removing device, the residual pressure utilization and the rear part of the blower, and the rest enters the first CO 2 The gas generated by the shaft furnace enters the heater through the heat exchanger and the dehydrator, and the rest enters the second CO 2 Separation treatment device, first and second CO 2 Separating the CO obtained from the treatment device 2 Entering CO 2 Storage ofDevice, high-purity coal gas enters a coal gas storage device and CO 2 The storage device is connected with the heating furnace, and the high-purity coal gas passes through the gas reformer and the third CO 2 The separation treatment device enters the shaft furnace through the heat exchanger and the heater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron making, in particular to a blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle iron making production device and a process.
Background
Along with the continuous development of iron-making technology at home and abroad, the carbon reduction technology path of the iron-making technology is also becoming mature, and the common iron-making devices and technologies mainly comprise a blast furnace and a shaft furnace, wherein the blast furnace iron-making is used as the leading device and technology for the current iron-making, and the blast furnace iron-making is kept in the leading position in a short time. However, the existing blast furnace ironmaking device and process generally have the problems of energy waste, environmental pollution and the like caused by large carbon emission.
The raw materials for the production of reducing gas used in the existing process flow for the production of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) in a shaft furnace are mainly natural gas (CH) 4 ) However, since natural gas resources are relatively scarce and expensive, this places a limit on the development of the shaft furnace production process.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, how to further improve the production benefit of the iron-making process, reduce the carbon emission and how to more reasonably recycle carbon is still a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the production benefit of the iron-making process, reduce carbon emission and realize more reasonable carbon circulation, the invention provides a blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle iron-making production device and a process.
The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device according to the invention comprises: blast furnace, dust collector, residual pressure utilization, blower and first CO 2 Separation treatment device, heating furnace, shaft furnace, heat exchanger, dehydrator and second CO 2 Separation processing device, third CO 2 Separation processing device, heater, gas reformer, gas storage device, and CO 2 The storage device is used for storing coal gas generated by the blast furnace, wherein after the coal gas is dedusted by the dedusting device, the residual pressure is utilized and the residual pressure of the blower is recycled, part of the coal gas is used as fuel to enter the heating furnace for heating, and the other part of the coal gas enters the first CO 2 Separation treatment device, first CO 2 The high-purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device enters a gas storage device, and the first CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 2 Entering CO 2 Storage device, CO 2 The storage device is connected with the heating furnace, and the gas generated by the shaft furnace is subjected to heat exchangeAfter the waste heat of the device is utilized and the dehydrator is dehydrated, one part of the waste heat is used for providing fuel for the heater, and the other part of the waste heat enters the second CO 2 Separation treatment device, second CO 2 The high-purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device enters a gas storage device, and the second CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 2 Entering CO 2 The storage device is used for forming mixed reducing gas to enter a third CO after the high-purity gas in the gas storage device is subjected to gas reforming sequentially through the gas reformer 2 Separation processing device, third CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 2 Entering CO 2 And the rest gas enters the shaft furnace after being preheated by the heat exchanger and heated by the heater.
Further, CO 2 The storage device is connected with the residual pressure utilization, the blower and the heating furnace in sequence so as to enable CO to be discharged 2 CO in storage device 2 Can enter the blast furnace together with the oxygen-enriched gas after the excess pressure is utilized and the blast furnace is heated in sequence.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device also comprises a third CO connected with 2 An adjusting gas pipeline between the separation treatment device and the heat exchanger, wherein the adjusting gas pipeline is used for removing CO 2 Mixing the mixed reducing gas with regulating gas to obtain the product meeting the requirement of the shaft furnace H 2 The ratio of/CO is the desired reducing gas.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device also comprises a third CO connected with 2 A water removing device between the separation treatment device and the adjusting gas pipeline.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device also comprises a water vapor source pipeline connected with the gas reformer, wherein the water vapor source pipeline is used for adding water vapor into the gas reformer so as to carry out gas reforming together with the high-purity gas from the gas storage device.
The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process comprises the following steps: step S1: after dust removal and residual pressure recycling are carried out on the gas generated by the blast furnace, part of the gas is used as fuel to enter the heating furnace for heating, and the rest part is used for CO 2 And high purity gasSeparating; step S2: after the gas generated by the shaft furnace is subjected to waste heat utilization and dehydration, one part of the gas is used for providing fuel for the heater, and the other part is used for CO 2 And separation of high purity gas; step S3: uniformly storing the high-purity gas obtained in the step S1 and the high-purity gas obtained in the step S2, and storing the CO obtained in the step S1 2 And the CO obtained in the step S2 2 Unified storage is carried out; step S4: the CO stored in step S3 is unified 2 Introducing the oxygen-enriched gas into the blast furnace after heating by the heating furnace, and simultaneously reforming the high-purity gas uniformly stored in the step S3 together with steam to form mixed reducing gas, wherein the step S5 is as follows: CO processing the mixed reducing gas obtained in the step S4 2 Preheating and heating treatment are carried out after removal, and then the materials are sent into a shaft furnace.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process further comprises the following steps: the CO stored in step S3 is unified 2 Introducing the oxygen-enriched gas into a heating furnace for heating, and then introducing the oxygen-enriched gas into the blast furnace together with the oxygen-enriched gas.
Further, in step S5, CO is performed on the mixed reducing gas 2 And (5) dewatering after the removal.
Further, in step S5, the mixed reducing gas is mixed with a conditioning gas before preheating to obtain a mixture conforming to the shaft furnace H 2 The ratio of/CO is the desired reducing gas.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process further comprises the following steps: the CO obtained in the step S5 2 And CO in step S3 2 And (5) unified storage.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process further comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly storing the redundant high-purity gas obtained in the step (S5) and the high-purity gas obtained in the step (S3).
Compared with the traditional iron-making production technology, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle iron-making production device and the process have the following advantages in the aspects of energy conservation, carbon emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of resources:
1) Integrates a blast furnace ironmaking device and a shaft furnace ironmaking process, realizes the combined recycling of gas and CO 2 Heating and then feeding into a blast furnace ironmaking system, and introducing inert gas CO 2 The use and heating processes are safer, the safe and reliable operation of the whole process system is ensured, and meanwhile, the high sensible heat of the blast furnace can be brought, so that the reduction of the iron-making coke ratio of the blast furnace can be realized;
2)CO 2 the high oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen is combined to be fed into the blast furnace, so that the combustion temperature of an iron-making tuyere of the blast furnace is ensured, the reducing atmosphere in the furnace is enhanced, the direct reduction degree is reduced, and the purposes of reducing the coke ratio and reducing the carbon emission are achieved;
3) The CO generated by the blast furnace ironmaking and the device and the process for the blast furnace ironmaking is supplied to the preparation of the shaft furnace reducing gas, and the redundant CO can also be used as energy or raw materials of other processes, so that the energy utilization rate is improved;
4) The two sub-process systems in the blast furnace ironmaking and shaft furnace ironmaking device and the process respectively introduce the residual pressure and the residual heat utilization system to fully utilize the flue gas residual heat of the process gas and the heating system, thereby improving the energy utilization rate and directly or indirectly reducing the carbon emission;
5) Introduction of CO 2 The separation treatment device can obtain high-purity coal gas so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the coal gas and separate CO 2 The gas is recycled partially, and the rest part can be subjected to sealing and other treatments or used as the gas, so that carbon emission is reduced;
6) And an adjusting gas pipeline is introduced to adjust the process production so as to ensure the smooth operation of the whole process production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production apparatus and process according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is CO 2 And respectively carrying out a graph of the relation between the injection quantity and the theoretical combustion temperature and the direct reduction degree.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings for a better understanding of the objects, structures and functions of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structure of a blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production installation 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1As shown, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production apparatus 100 of an embodiment of the present invention may include: blast furnace 11, dust collector 12, excess pressure utilization, blower 13, and first CO 2 Separation treatment device 15, heating furnace 14, shaft furnace 21, heat exchanger 22, dehydrator 23, and second CO 2 Separation processing device 24, third CO 2 Separation processing device 27, heater 25, gas reformer 26, gas storage device 40, and CO 2 A storage device 30, wherein part of the gas generated by the blast furnace 11 enters the heating furnace 14 as fuel for heating after being dedusted by the dedusting device 12, utilized by the residual pressure and recycled by the blower 13, and the rest enters the first CO 2 Separation processing device 15, first CO 2 The high-purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device 15 enters a gas storage device 40, and CO 2 The storage device 40 is connected with the heating furnace 14, the first CO 2 Separating CO obtained by the treatment device 15 2 Entering CO 2 A storage device 30, wherein after the gas generated by the shaft furnace 21 is dehydrated by the heat exchanger 22 and the dehydrator 23, a part of the gas is used for providing fuel for the heater 25, and the other part of the gas enters the second CO 2 Separation treatment device 24, second CO 2 The high-purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device 24 enters a gas storage device 40, and the second CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 24 2 Entering CO 2 The high-purity gas in the storage device 30 and the gas storage device 40 is reformed by the gas reformer 26 in sequence to form mixed reducing gas which enters the third CO 2 Separation processing device 27, third CO 2 Separating CO obtained by the treatment device 27 2 Entering CO 2 A storage device 30, the rest of the gas is preheated by the heat exchanger 22 and heated by the heater 25 before entering the shaft furnace 21.
When the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device 100 of the embodiment of the invention is in operation, the first CO in the blast furnace 11 is used for producing the iron by 2 The high purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device 15 and the second CO in the shaft furnace 21 2 The high-purity gas processed by the separation processing device 24 is stored uniformly and is used for generating the reducing gas in the shaft furnace 21 together; at the same time the first CO in the blast furnace 11 2 The separation processing device 15 processes the obtained CO 2 And in a shaft furnace 21Second CO 2 Separation processing device 24 and third CO 2 The separation processing device 27 processes the obtained CO 2 Are stored in a unified manner and are commonly used for the use of inert gases in the blast furnace 11.
The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device 100 of the embodiment of the invention realizes the combined cycle utilization of the gas in the production process of the blast furnace 11 and the shaft furnace 21, and for the blast furnace 11, CO 2 The inert gas is safer in the heating process, ensures the safe and reliable operation of the whole production of the blast furnace 11, can bring higher sensible heat into the blast furnace 11, can realize the reduction of the ironmaking coke ratio of the blast furnace 11, and is CO 2 The high oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen is combined to enter the blast furnace 11, so that the combustion temperature of the blast furnace ironmaking tuyere can be ensured, the reducing atmosphere in the furnace is enhanced, the direct reduction degree is reduced, and the purposes of reducing the coke ratio and reducing the carbon emission are achieved; meanwhile, for the shaft furnace 21, CO is removed from the mixed reducing gas formed by the gas reforming of CO entering the gas reformer 2 After entering the shaft furnace 21, CO is used as a raw material for generating the reducing gas in the shaft furnace 21, on one hand, the raw material is more economical than natural gas adopted in the prior art, and on the other hand, since CO is from the combined production of the blast furnace and the shaft furnace gas, no new gas component is introduced, thereby well realizing green low-carbon production. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device 100 of the embodiment of the invention realizes the purposes of low-carbon production, carbon recycling and energy conservation and carbon reduction of the blast furnace 11 and the shaft furnace 21 through the combined use of the blast furnace 11 and the shaft furnace 21.
In a preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the combined blast furnace and shaft furnace gas cycle ironmaking production installation 100 may further comprise a third CO coupled thereto 2 An adjusting gas pipeline 28 between the separation treatment device 27 and the heat exchanger 22, wherein the adjusting gas pipeline 28 is used for removing CO 2 Mixing the mixed reducing gas with regulating gas to obtain the product meeting the requirement of the shaft furnace H 2 The ratio of/CO is the desired reducing gas. The trim gas line 28 is only used when trim is needed, if CO is removed 2 The mixed reducing gas after the mixing accords with the shaft furnace H 2 The use of this line is not necessary when the/CO ratio is desired.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production facility 100 may further include a third CO connected to 2 A water removal device (not shown) between the separation treatment device 27 and the trim gas line 28. The water removal device is used for removing CO 2 The water vapor in the mixed reducing gas is removed, and the purpose of the arrangement is to obtain the water vapor meeting the shaft furnace H 2 The reducing gas required by the ratio of/CO can be selectively used according to different actual production conditions.
In a preferred embodiment as shown in fig. 1, the combined blast furnace and shaft furnace gas cycle ironmaking production installation 100 may further comprise a steam source line 29 connected to the gas reformer 26, the steam source line 29 being adapted to add steam to the gas reformer 26 for gas reforming together with the high purity gas from the gas storage means 40. The embodiment uses steam as the gas for generating H in the reducing gas together with the high-purity gas 2 The raw material source of the reducing gas is more economical to use and wider in source, so that the benefit of the reducing gas production can be improved.
In the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process of the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the process comprises the following process steps: step S1: after the gas generated by the blast furnace 11 is dedusted and the residual pressure is recycled, part of the gas is used as fuel to enter the heating furnace 14 for heating, and the rest part is used for CO 2 And separation of high purity gas; step S2: after the gas generated by the shaft furnace 21 is subjected to waste heat utilization and dehydration, a part of the gas is used for providing fuel for a heater, and the rest part is used for CO 2 And separation of high purity gas; step S3: uniformly storing the high-purity gas obtained in the step S1 and the high-purity gas obtained in the step S2, and storing the CO obtained in the step S1 2 And the CO obtained in the step S2 2 Unified storage is carried out; step S4: the CO stored in step S3 is unified 2 Introducing into a heating furnace 14 for heating, and then feeding into a blast furnace 11 together with oxygen-enriched gas; simultaneously, the high-purity coal gas stored in the step S3 is reformed together with steam to form mixed reducing gas, and the step S5: CO processing the mixed reducing gas obtained in the step S4 2 The removed material is preheated and heated before being fed into a shaft furnace 21.
The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process of the embodiment of the invention uniformly stores the high-purity gas processed in the production of the blast furnace 11 and the high-purity gas processed in the production of the shaft furnace 21 and jointly uses the high-purity gas and the high-purity gas for generating the reducing gas in the shaft furnace 21; at the same time, CO obtained by treatment in the production of the blast furnace 11 2 And CO obtained by treatment in the production of the shaft furnace 21 2 Are stored in a unified manner and are commonly used for the use of inert gases in the blast furnace 11. In this way, a combined cycle of gases during the production of the blast furnace 11 and of the shaft furnace 21 is achieved, CO for the blast furnace 11 2 The inert gas is safer in the heating process, ensures the safe and reliable operation of the whole production of the blast furnace 11, can bring higher sensible heat into the blast furnace 11, can realize the reduction of the ironmaking coke ratio of the blast furnace 11, and is CO 2 The high oxygen enrichment or pure oxygen is combined to enter the blast furnace 11, so that the combustion temperature of the blast furnace ironmaking tuyere can be ensured, the reducing atmosphere in the furnace is enhanced, the direct reduction degree is reduced, and the purposes of reducing the coke ratio and reducing the carbon emission are achieved; meanwhile, for the shaft furnace 21, CO is removed from the mixed reducing gas formed by the gas reforming of CO entering the gas reformer 2 After entering the shaft furnace 21, CO is used as a raw material for generating the reducing gas in the shaft furnace 21, on one hand, the raw material is more economical than natural gas adopted in the prior art, and on the other hand, since CO is from the combined production of the blast furnace and the shaft furnace gas, no new gas component is introduced, thereby well realizing green low-carbon production. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process of the embodiment of the invention provides a brand new process idea, and simultaneously achieves the purposes of low-carbon production, carbon recycling and energy conservation and carbon reduction of the blast furnace 11 and the shaft furnace 21.
Preferably, in step S5, CO is performed on the mixed reducing gas 2 The mixed reducing gas is dehydrated after being removed to remove the water vapor in the mixed reducing gas, and the purpose is to obtain the water vapor meeting the shaft furnace H 2 The reducing gas required by the ratio of/CO can be selectively used according to different actual production conditions.
Further, in step S5, the mixed reducing gas is mixed with a conditioning gas before preheating to obtainTo conform to the shaft furnace H 2 The ratio of/CO is the desired reducing gas. The adjusting gas is only used when the adjustment is needed, if CO is removed 2 The mixed reducing gas after the mixing accords with the shaft furnace H 2 When the ratio of/CO is required, the mixing of the conditioning gas is not required.
Preferably, the components of the reduction mixture include CO and H 2 O、CO 2 H and H 2 . The adjusting gas can be H 2 、CO、O 2 CH (CH) 4 At least one of them.
Further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process may further include: the CO obtained in the step S5 2 And CO in step S3 2 And (5) unified storage. The arrangement may further integrate a third CO 2 Separation of CO produced by the treatment device 27 2 Thereby achieving the aim of CO 2 More fully utilized and recycled.
Still further, the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process may further include: and (3) uniformly storing the redundant high-purity gas obtained in the step (S5) and the high-purity gas obtained in the step (S3). The device can further integrate the excess CO in the mixed reducing gas, thereby achieving more full utilization and circulation of the CO.
The capacity of the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production device and the process production adopting the embodiment of the invention is verified.
The raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking and charging are pellet ore and sinter ore, and the comprehensive grade is 58%; reference period: 360kg coke ratio, 160kg coal ratio and 3% oxygen enrichment. The raw material of the shaft furnace is pellet ore, and the grade is 67 percent.
1. First study of CO 2 Influence of the blowing furnace on the theoretical combustion temperature and the direct reduction degree of the blast furnace:
(1) Pulverized coal injection burns at the tuyere:
C+1/2O 2 =co 9781.2kJ/kg (exothermic)
(2) Tuyere CO 2 Is a combustion of:
CO 2 +c=2co-13794 kJ/kg (endothermic)
Taking graphite state C as a standard, the reaction gibbs free energy is as follows:
CO 2 +c (stone) =2co Δ rGm θ=166550-171T J/mol
When T >974K, delta rGm theta <0, the reaction proceeds in the forward direction; and the reaction can be completely carried out in consideration of the strong reactivity of the graphite state C and the high temperature of the tuyere zone.
1)1mol CO 2 +1mol C reaction replaces 2mol C+O 2 CO generated by combustion keeps the reducing atmosphere in the furnace unchanged; the coke ratio is unchanged, and pulverized coal injection is replaced;
2)CO 2 +C is an endothermic reaction, taking into account CO 2 The sensible heat is brought in by high-temperature blowing; to ensure the combustion temperature of the tuyere, the oxygen enrichment rate is increased;
as can be seen from the calculation and fig. 2:
(1) Every 1Nm increase in ton iron injection 3 CO of (c) 2 Equivalent coal dust is replaced, so that partial carbon emission reduction can be realized;
(2) Per ton of iron increase of 1Nm 3 Rd is reduced by 0.05 percent, and indirect reduction of the furnace is developed;
(3)CO 2 blowing and deducting CO 2 The influence of the replacement equivalent pulverized coal on the combustion temperature is reduced along with the increase of the ton iron injection quantity; as can be seen from fig. 2, when the injection quantity is large, the theoretical combustion temperature is low, the process production requirement cannot be met, the theoretical combustion temperature is ensured to be about 2250 ℃ by increasing the oxygen enrichment rate, and when the coke ratio is unchanged, the main process parameters are calculated as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Table 1 shows CO 2 The calculation of the pulverized coal by injection replacement, and the calculation result can be known:
1) To ensure the theoretical combustion temperature to 2250 ℃, along with CO 2 Replacing equivalent pulverized coal, and improving the oxygen enrichment rate;
2) When ton of iron CO 2 The blowing amount exceeds 70Nm 3 When the heat income and expenditure begin to be unbalanced, the fuel ratio needs to be improved so as to ensure the heat balance in the process;
3) Iron ton CO 2 The blowing amount is not more than 85Nm 3 At the time, N in the produced top gas 2 High content of>20%) for preventing N in top gas 2 Higher oxygen enrichment or total oxygen smelting is required.
2. Investigation of CO 2 Blowing into furnace, opposite N in gas 2 Influence of content:
on the basis of the technological process in the process 1, the fuel ratio and the oxygen enrichment are adjusted to ensure the heat balance and the theoretical combustion temperature of the whole process, and the N in the produced top gas is researched 2 Content variation of (c):
| sequence number | Oxygen enrichment rate/% | Coke ratio/kg | Coal ratio/kg | CO 2 Blowing amount/Nm 3 /t | N in top gas 2 /％ |
| 1 | 39 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 18.3 |
| 2 | 50 | 410 | 150 | 110 | 12 |
| 3 | 60 | 430 | 155 | 120 | 7.4 |
| 4 | 69 | 430 | 160.4 | 125 | 3.8 |
| 5 | 79 | 430 | 163.2 | 129 | 0.37 |
TABLE 2
Table 2 shows CO 2 Blowing, ensuring the calculation of heat balance and theoretical combustion temperature, and the calculation result can be shown as follows:
(1) Ensures the theoretical combustion temperature to 2250 ℃, heat loss to 15 percent and CO follow 2 The injection quantity is increased, the oxygen enrichment rate is gradually increased, and the fuel ratio is continuously increased;
(2) When the oxygen enrichment rate is>60% (blast oxygen content)>81%) of N in the top gas 2 The content is low, and theoretically, the gas circulation process can be realized; the following description will be made on an example of the shaft furnace, taking an example of an oxygen enrichment ratio of 69% (blast air oxygen enrichment ratio of 90%)N in the top gas corresponding to some times 2 The content is 3.8 percent;
(3) The generation amount of ton iron gas is 1050Nm 3 The heat value of the gas is higher, the heating furnace needs 20 percent of top gas quantity, and the residual part is used for removing CO 2 Thereafter, a flow rate of 460Nm can be provided 3 High purity gas per t.
3. Study of shaft furnace production process:
(1) Process calculation conditions
1) The comprehensive grade of the shaft furnace pellets is 67 percent, the metallization rate is 95 percent, the C content of DRI is 2 percent, and the ratio of H2/CO of reformed gas is as follows: 2.5;
2) 25% of the top gas produced is considered for use in the heating system;
3) Reducing gas utilization rate: 20-40%;
(2) Calculation result
1) Ore consumption per ton product is 1400kg, reformed gas consumption is 2300Nm 3/ t；
2) 25% of top gas is used for a heating system, and the reduction gas quantity capable of realizing circulation is 1200Nm 3 ；
3) Each ton of the product needs to be supplemented, and the gas volume after CO2 removal is 1200-1400 Nm 3 For generating a satisfactory reformed gas.
4. Combined calculation of blast furnace and shaft furnace process
The ton of DRI requires the addition of 1200-1400 Nm of gas supplied by the blast furnace production 3 While the blast furnace ironmaking ton iron produces high-purity gas which is removed with CO2 to 460Nm 3 I.e. under the process conditions, each ton of DRI (direct reduced iron) corresponds to 3 tons of yield of blast furnace ironmaking, and the recycling of the gas produced by the process is basically realized between the two subsystems.
Therefore, under the process condition, if the design capacity of the shaft furnace system is 100 ten thousand tons/year, the matched capacity of the shaft furnace system is 300 ten thousand tons/year; in this way, a combined cycle balance of gases between the two subsystems can be achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production apparatus, comprising: blast furnace, dust collector, residual pressure utilization, blower and first CO 2 Separation treatment device, heating furnace, shaft furnace, heat exchanger, dehydrator and second CO 2 Separation processing device, third CO 2 Separation processing device, heater, gas reformer, gas storage device, and CO 2 The storage device is used for storing coal gas generated by the blast furnace, wherein after the coal gas is dedusted by the dedusting device, the residual pressure is utilized and the residual pressure of the blower is recycled, part of the coal gas is used as fuel to enter the heating furnace for heating, and the rest part of the coal gas enters the first CO 2 Separation treatment device, the first CO 2 The high-purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device enters the gas storage device, and the first CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 2 Into the CO 2 Storage device, the CO 2 The storage device is connected with the heating furnace, and after the gas generated by the shaft furnace is subjected to waste heat utilization of the heat exchanger and dehydration of the dehydrator, part of the gas is used for providing fuel for the heater, and the other part of the gas enters the second CO 2 Separation treatment device, the second CO 2 The high-purity gas obtained by the separation treatment device enters the gas storage device, and the second CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 2 Into the CO 2 Storage device, said gas storage deviceThe high-purity gas in the process sequentially passes through the gas reformer to be reformed into mixed reducing gas which enters the third CO 2 Separation treatment device, the third CO 2 Separating CO from the treatment device 2 Into the CO 2 And the storage device is used for preheating the rest gas through the heat exchanger and heating the rest gas through the heater, and then enabling the rest gas to enter the shaft furnace.
2. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that said CO 2 The storage device is sequentially connected with the residual pressure utilization and the blower and the heating furnace so as to enable the CO to be obtained 2 CO in storage device 2 The oxygen-enriched gas can enter the blast furnace together with the oxygen-enriched gas after passing through the excess pressure utilization and the blower and the heating furnace in sequence.
3. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production equipment further comprises a third CO connected to said third CO 2 An adjusting gas pipeline between the separation treatment device and the heat exchanger, wherein the adjusting gas pipeline is used for removing CO 2 Mixing the mixed reducing gas with a regulating gas to obtain the mixture conforming to the shaft furnace H 2 The ratio of/CO is the desired reducing gas.
4. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production equipment according to claim 3, further comprising a third CO connected to said third CO 2 And a water removing device between the separation treatment device and the adjusting gas pipeline.
5. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production installation further comprises a steam source line connected to the gas reformer, the steam source line being adapted to add steam into the gas reformer for gas reforming together with the high purity gas from the gas storage means.
6. A blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: after dust removal and residual pressure recycling are carried out on the gas generated by the blast furnace, part of the gas is used as fuel to enter the heating furnace for heating, and the rest part is used for CO 2 And the separation of the high-purity gas,
step S2: after the gas generated by the shaft furnace is subjected to waste heat utilization and dehydration, one part of the gas is used for providing fuel for the heater, and the other part is used for CO 2 And the separation of the high-purity gas,
step S3: uniformly storing the high-purity gas obtained in the step S1 and the high-purity gas obtained in the step S2, and storing the CO obtained in the step S1 2 And the CO obtained in the step S2 2 The storage is carried out in a unified way,
step S4: the step S3 is carried out to uniformly store the CO 2 Introducing the high-purity gas into the heating furnace for heating, introducing the high-purity gas into the blast furnace together with oxygen-enriched gas, simultaneously reforming the high-purity gas which is uniformly stored in the step S3 together with steam to form mixed reducing gas,
step S5: CO processing the mixed reducing gas obtained in the step S4 2 Preheating and heating treatment are carried out after removal, and then the materials are sent into the shaft furnace.
7. The combined blast furnace and shaft furnace gas circulation ironmaking production process according to claim 6, wherein in step S5, CO is performed on the mixed reducing gas 2 And (5) dewatering after the removal.
8. The combined cycle ironmaking production process by blast furnace and shaft furnace gas according to claim 7, wherein in step S5, the mixed reducing gas is mixed with a conditioning gas before preheating to obtain a gas conforming to the shaft furnace H 2 The ratio of/CO is the desired reducing gas.
9. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process of claim 6, further comprising: the CO obtained in the step S5 is processed 2 And the CO in the step S3 2 And (5) unified storage.
10. The blast furnace and shaft furnace gas combined cycle ironmaking production process of claim 9, further comprising: and (3) uniformly storing the redundant high-purity gas obtained in the step (S5) and the high-purity gas obtained in the step (S3).
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