CN212102909U - System for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy - Google Patents
System for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN212102909U CN212102909U CN202020481021.0U CN202020481021U CN212102909U CN 212102909 U CN212102909 U CN 212102909U CN 202020481021 U CN202020481021 U CN 202020481021U CN 212102909 U CN212102909 U CN 212102909U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of smelt, a system for production sponge iron is directly reduced to hydrogen energy is disclosed, include: a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, a water gas shift device (5) and a decarbonization device (4), a heating furnace (2), a reduction reaction furnace (1), a heat exchanger (8) and a dust removal dehydrator (3) which are connected in sequence; two gas communication paths are arranged between the decarburization device (4) and the reduction reaction furnace (1): the first gas passage is communicated with the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace (1), the heating furnace (2) is arranged on the gas passage, and the second gas passage is communicated with the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace (1); a top exhaust port of the reduction reaction furnace (1) is sequentially connected with a dust-removing dehydrator (3) and a decarbonization device (4); a second outlet of the decarburization device (4) is respectively connected to a top exhaust port and a bottom discharge port of the reduction reaction furnace (1); the heat exchanger (8) is used for exchanging heat of the reduction reaction furnace top tail gas to the first gas passage gas at the front end of the heating furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of smelting in general, in particular to a system and a process method for producing sponge iron by hydrogen energy direct reduction.
Background
The iron and steel industry is the basic industry of national economy and also the key industry of energy resource consumption and pollution emission in China. The method is a future development direction of the steel industry in order to accelerate the structure adjustment and the industry upgrade of the steel industry, change the development mode of the steel industry and promote the conservation, the cleanness and the sustainable development.
The direct reduction process is a typical non-blast furnace ironmaking process, and is an important link for realizing short flow of steel production, namely a scrap steel/sponge iron flow. More than 90% of the direct reduced iron in the world today is produced by gas-based processes. The representative processes are Midrex shaft furnace method and HYL reaction tank method. The Midrex shaft furnace method takes natural gas as raw material gas and furnace top gas as a transforming agent, and high-quality reducing gas is prepared by reforming. In the reforming furnace, natural gas and part of CO2 and H2O in the top gas are subjected to reforming reaction under the action of a nickel catalyst to obtain reducing gas, and the reducing gas is sent into the shaft furnace for reducing iron. The top gas of the shaft furnace is partly used as a reformer and partly as fuel for the reformer. The reaction of iron oxide reduced to iron needs to be carried out under certain pressure, inert gas is used as sealing gas in the charging and discharging part of the reduction reaction furnace, but the existence of the inert gas can influence the reduction reaction, in order to prevent the accumulation of the inert gas in the system, a part of synthesis gas in the system needs to be discharged periodically, and thus certain waste of the synthesis gas is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a system and a process method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy aiming at the defects in the prior art, which divides the obtained reduction gas into two paths which are respectively sent into a reduction reaction furnace, wherein one path is used for heating and direct reduction, and the other path is used for cooling reaction products; meanwhile, the carbon dioxide which is a byproduct of the process is used as the sealing gas of the reaction furnace. The upper part and the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace in the sponge iron production process need to be sealed by inert gas, so that the smooth feeding and discharging of the reduction reaction furnace and the stable pressure of the reaction furnace are ensured, and the problem that the synthesis gas is wasted because the inert gas is introduced into a reaction system to cause the accumulation of the inert gas and the synthesis gas needs to be discharged periodically when necessary in the prior art is solved.
The utility model discloses use the synthetic gas of natural gas system acetylene by-product to prepare sponge iron as the raw materials, the process includes that water gas shift, decarbonization, compression, heating, reduction reaction, dust removal drainage totally 6 processes, and the carbon dioxide that obtains from the decarbonization device is partly as the reinforced and ejection of compact partial seal gas of reduction reaction stove, and partly preparation food grade dry ice. The process utilizes pure hydrogen to reduce the iron base of the pellets or the lump ores to prepare the sponge iron, and the carbon dioxide replaces inert gas to be used as sealing gas for feeding and discharging of the reduction reaction furnace, so that the introduction of the inert gas and the accumulation of the inert gas in a system are avoided, and the process is a green and environment-friendly circulating process.
The utility model takes the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas byproduct as the raw material, and the composition of the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas byproduct is H2: CO volume ratio greater than 2:1, H2The sum of the CO content and the CO content accounts for more than 80 percent of the total volume of the by-products, namely, the utility model provides a system and a method for producing sponge iron by reduction with the CO content as the raw material.
In addition, the raw material synthesis gas mentioned in the utility model is pure hydrogen gas discharged by the decarbonization device and used for iron making reaction, and the circulating synthesis gas is H-containing gas formed by processing top gas of the reduction reaction furnace2A gas.
The utility model provides a system for hydrogen energy direct reduction produces sponge iron, include: a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, a water gas shift device, a decarbonization device, a heating furnace, a reduction reaction furnace, a heat exchanger and a dust removal dehydrator; the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, the water gas shift device and the decarbonization device are sequentially connected to shift the gas in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and remove carbon dioxide in the gas; two gas communication passages are arranged between the first outlet of the decarburization device and the reduction reaction furnace and are used for sending gas decarburized by the decarburization device into the reduction reaction furnace through a pipeline, wherein the first gas passage is communicated with the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace, a heating furnace is arranged on the gas passage, and the gas passage at the front end of the heating furnace passes through a heat exchanger; the second gas passage is communicated with the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace; the reduction reaction furnace is a reactor for carrying out sealed reaction on iron ore and comprises a bottom discharge hole and a top exhaust port; the top exhaust port is connected with an inlet of the dust-removing dehydrator, and a communication passage passes through the heat exchanger; the outlet of the dust-removing dehydrator is connected with the inlet of the decarburization device; a second outlet of the decarburization device is respectively connected to a top exhaust port and a bottom discharge port of the reduction reaction furnace; the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat of the reduction reaction furnace top tail gas to the first gas passage gas at the front end of the heating furnace.
Furthermore, the system for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy of the utility model also comprises a compressor; the number of the compressors is 1 or more than 1, and the compressors are used for compressing and boosting the pressure of the gas in the pipeline.
A first compressor is arranged at the outlet of the dust-removing dehydrator to compress the gas after dust removal and send the gas into a decarbonization device; and a compressor is arranged at a second outlet of the decarburization device or at a proper position before the decarburization device enters a top exhaust port and a bottom discharge port of the reduction reaction furnace, so that the gas in the sealing part is compressed for use.
Further, the utility model discloses a water gas shift unit includes water gas shift reactor, heat exchanger and condensate separator.
The utility model discloses the system that utilizes above-mentioned hydrogen energy direct reduction production sponge iron carries out the technological method that hydrogen energy direct reduction production sponge iron simultaneously, including following step:
s1, sending the gas raw material in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source to a water gas shift device to convert CO in the gas raw material into CO2Then the gas produced is fed to a decarbonation plant for separating the CO produced2；
S2, sending out the first outlet gas of the decarburization device through two paths, wherein the first path enters the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace through the heating furnace and performs reduction reaction with iron ore to generate sponge iron; the second passage is directly fed into the reduction reaction furnace from the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace, and exchanges heat with the sponge iron product falling from the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace in the ascending process;
s3, firstly, the tail gas at the top of the reduction reaction furnace is subjected to heat exchange and temperature reduction with the gas in the first passage through a heat exchanger, then the tail gas is subjected to dust and moisture removal through a dust removal dehydrator, then the tail gas enters a decarburization device, is decarburized together with the exhaust gas of a water gas shift device, is discharged from a first outlet of the decarburization device, and enters two gas passages to be used as the raw material of the reduction gas for recycling;
s4, when the carbon dioxide removed by the decarbonization device reaches saturation, carrying out desorption treatment to obtain CO2One part of the second outlet of the decarburization device is sent to a top feeding hole and a bottom discharging hole of the reduction reaction furnace to be used as sealing gas, and the other part of the second outlet of the decarburization device is used for preparing food-grade dry ice;
wherein the hydrogen-rich synthetic gas in the hydrogen-rich synthetic gas source is a byproduct mixed gas of a process for preparing acetylene from natural gas, and the hydrogen-rich synthetic gas comprises H with a volume ratio of more than 2:12: and the sum of the contents of the CO and the CO accounts for more than 80 percent of the total volume of the gas.
Further, the first outlet gas of the decarbonizing device in the step S2 is pure hydrogen with a hydrogen volume content of not less than 99%.
Further, the reaction in the water gas shift device in the step S1 adopts an iron-chromium catalyst, the reaction temperature is 300-530 ℃, the reaction pressure is normal pressure-3 MPa, and the volume ratio of the water vapor to the carbon monoxide is 3-4.
Further, the reduction reaction temperature at the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace in the step S1 is 900-1050 ℃, and the reaction pressure is 0.2-0.6 MPa.
Further, in the step S2, the first path gas of the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source and the reduction reaction furnace top tail gas heat exchange and then the temperature is raised to 100-; the temperature of the sponge iron product falling from the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace in the step S1 discharged from the discharge outlet at the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace by heat exchange is 180-220 ℃.
Further, the heating furnace heats the first channel gas of the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source to 900-1050 ℃.
The detailed process, route and reaction of the utility model are as follows
Firstly, the synthesis gas by-product of the process for preparing acetylene by using natural gas as raw material is composed of H2: CO volume ratio greater than 2:1, H2The content of the carbon dioxide and the CO is more than 80 percent in volume content ratio, and the synthesis gas is taken as a raw material and introduced into a reactorPure hydrogen obtained by the water-passing gas conversion device and the decarburization device is used as raw material synthesis gas, the raw material synthesis gas is divided into two paths, one path of the raw material synthesis gas is preheated to 100-plus-200 ℃, the heating furnace is heated to 900-plus-1050 ℃, the raw material synthesis gas enters the reduction reaction furnace to perform reduction reaction with iron ore raw material added from the top of the reaction furnace to generate a sponge iron product with the metallization rate of more than or equal to 92%, the other path of the raw material synthesis gas enters the reduction reaction furnace from the bottom, the sponge iron is cooled and cooled through heat exchange with the sponge iron product and then is discharged out of the reaction furnace, and the synthesis gas enters the reduction reaction furnace after being heated to continue to perform reduction reaction.
The tail gas obtained by reaction in the reduction reaction furnace is discharged in the form of the reduction reaction furnace top tail gas, the tail gas exchanges heat with the raw material synthesis gas firstly to preheat the raw material synthesis gas, then the tail gas is subjected to dust and moisture removal through a dust removal dehydrator to obtain pure furnace top tail gas at about 40 ℃, the tail gas is compressed to reach the pressure required by a decarburization process, enters a decarburization device to remove carbon dioxide to obtain circulating synthesis gas, and the circulating synthesis gas and the raw material synthesis gas are sent out from an outlet of the decarburization device to be used as a raw material for recycling.
The decarbonization apparatus includes an absorption unit and a desorption unit. The carbon dioxide absorbent can be methanol, organic ammonium, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and methylethanolamine, and absorbs the carbon dioxide in the tail gas through physical and chemical absorption, wherein the absorption operation conditions are as follows: the pressure is 0.2-0.64 MPa, the absorption temperature is not more than 60 ℃, then the carbon dioxide is recovered by desorption and desorption through pressure reduction and temperature rise, the absorbent is reused, and the process is green, environment-friendly and energy-saving.
CO obtained by desorption treatment after the decarbonization device is saturated in adsorption2The content of the gas reaches more than 99 percent, a part of carbon dioxide enters the feeding part and the discharging part of the reduction reaction furnace from the top part and the bottom part to be used as sealing gas, the reaction pressure in the reduction reaction furnace is ensured to be maintained at 0.2-0.6MPa, and a part of carbon dioxide is used as downstream fine chemical raw materials.
It can be seen that, from the system composition and technology, the utility model discloses an use the synthetic gas of natural gas system acetylene by-product to prepare sponge iron as the raw materials, the process includes 6 processes totally of water gas shift, decarbonization, compression, heating, reduction reaction, dust removal drainage, and the carbon dioxide that obtains from the decarbonization device partly is used as the reinforced and partial seal gas of ejection of compact of reduction reaction stove, partly preparation food grade dry ice. The process utilizes pure hydrogen to reduce the iron base of the pellets or lump ores to prepare the sponge iron, the carbon dioxide replaces inert gas to be used as sealing gas for feeding and discharging materials in the reduction reaction furnace, the introduction of the inert gas and the accumulation of the inert gas in a system are avoided, the process is a green and environment-friendly circulating process, the zero emission of the carbon dioxide is realized, the introduction of the inert gas is avoided by using the carbon dioxide as the sealing gas, the carbon dioxide in the system can be removed through a decarbonization device, the synthesis gas does not need to be discharged periodically, the waste of the synthesis gas is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
The utility model discloses compare in prior art's advancement and lie in:
1) CO desorbed by denitrification device2The content of the gas reaches more than 99 percent, one part of the carbon dioxide enters the feeding part and the discharging part of the reduction reaction furnace from the top and the bottom of the reaction furnace to be used as sealing gas, the reaction pressure in the reduction reaction furnace is ensured to be maintained at 0.2-0.6MPa, one part of the carbon dioxide is used as downstream fine chemical raw materials, and the reduction reaction furnace is sealed without additionally introducing inert gas.
2) Aiming at CO + H byproduct in acetylene preparation process from natural gas2The synthesis gas with low content is converted into pure hydrogen energy serving as a reduction reaction raw material gas by adopting a water gas conversion device and a decarburization device, so that the degree of the reduction reaction is improved, and the metallization rate of the generated sponge iron product can reach more than 92%.
3) Two-way conveying of the reducing gas is designed: one path of the synthesis gas enters the reduction reaction furnace from the upper part for reduction reaction after being preheated and heated, the other path of the synthesis gas directly enters the reduction reaction furnace from the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace, the part of the synthesis gas directly exchanges heat with the sponge iron product, the temperature of the synthesis gas is raised, the temperature of the sponge iron product is lowered, the heat is fully recovered, and the energy consumption of the process is reduced.
4) The device for treating and recycling the top gas is designed, the top gas comprises reaction tail gas and unreacted raw gas, after dust removal and decarburization treatment, the unreacted raw gas is returned to be used as raw gas for continuous use, and carbon dioxide is continuously used for reducing the gas seal and industrial raw material of the reaction furnace, so that the top gas can be fully utilized and recycled, and the process is pollution-free.
Drawings
These and/or other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the system and the process for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A system for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy is shown in figure 1 and comprises: a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, a water gas shift device 5, a decarbonization device 4, a heating furnace 2, a reduction reaction furnace 1, a heat exchanger 8, a dust removal dehydrator 3 and a compressor; wherein, the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, the water gas shift device 5 and the decarbonization device 4 are connected in sequence to shift the gas in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and then remove the carbon dioxide in the gas; two gas communication passages are arranged between a first outlet of the decarburization device 4 and the reduction reaction furnace 1 and are used for sending gas decarburized by the decarburization device 4 into the reduction reaction furnace 1 through a pipeline, wherein the first gas passage is communicated with the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace 1, the gas passage is provided with a heating furnace 2, and the gas passage at the front end of the heating furnace 2 passes through a heat exchanger 8; the second gas passage is communicated with the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace 1; the reduction reaction furnace 1 is a reactor for carrying out sealed reaction on iron ores and comprises a bottom discharge hole and a top exhaust port; the top exhaust port is connected with the inlet of the dust-removing dehydrator 3, and the communication passage passes through the heat exchanger 8; the outlet of the dust-removing dehydrator 3 is connected with the inlet of the decarbonization device 4 through a first compressor 6; a second outlet of the decarburization device 4 is connected to a top exhaust port and a bottom discharge port of the reduction reaction furnace 1 through a second compressor 7; the heat exchanger 8 is used for exchanging heat of the reduction reaction furnace top tail gas to the first gas passage gas at the front end of the heating furnace.
Example 2
A process for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy adopts a system in an embodiment, the process flow is schematically shown in figure 1, and synthesis gas which is a byproduct of a process for preparing acetylene by taking natural gas as a raw material and has a composition of H2: CO volume ratio greater than 2:1, H2The content of the synthetic gas and CO is more than 80 percent by volume, the synthetic gas is taken as a raw material, pure hydrogen is obtained through a water gas conversion device 5 and a decarburization device 4, the pure hydrogen is sent into a reduction reaction furnace 1 in two paths, the first path is preheated to 100 ℃ and heated to 200 ℃, a heating furnace is heated to 900 ℃ and 1050 ℃, the pure hydrogen enters the reduction reaction furnace and is subjected to reduction reaction with iron ore raw material added from the top of the reaction furnace to generate a sponge iron product with the metallization rate of more than or equal to 92 percent, the second path enters the reduction reaction furnace from the bottom, sponge iron is cooled and cooled through heat exchange with the sponge iron product and then is discharged out of the reaction furnace, and the synthetic gas enters the reduction reaction furnace after being heated to continue to perform reduction reaction with.
The tail gas obtained by the reduction reaction is discharged in the form of reduction reaction furnace top tail gas, the tail gas exchanges heat with the first path of pure hydrogen gas discharged by the decarburization device to preheat the raw material synthesis gas, the temperature of the furnace top tail gas is reduced, dust and moisture are removed by a dust-removing dehydrator, pure furnace top tail gas at about 40 ℃ is obtained, the tail gas is compressed to reach the pressure required by the decarburization process, the tail gas enters the decarburization device to remove impurity gases such as trace carbon dioxide and the like to obtain pure hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas and the raw material synthesis gas subjected to the conversion decarburization by the water gas conversion device 5 are discharged from the decarburization device 4 to be recycled as raw materials.
CO obtained by a carbon dioxide removal system2The content of the gas reaches 99 percent, a part of carbon dioxide is pressurized to be more than 0.4MPa by a compressor, enters the feeding part and the discharging part of the reduction reaction furnace from the upper part and the lower part and is used as sealing gas to ensure that the reaction pressure in the reduction reaction furnace is maintained at 0.2-0.6MPa, and a part of carbon dioxide is used as downstream fine chemical raw materials.
The decarbonization system adopts ethanolamine to absorb carbon dioxide, and the absorption operating conditions are as follows: the pressure is 0.2MPa, the absorption temperature is normal temperature, then the carbon dioxide is recovered by desorbing and removing through normal pressure temperature rise, the absorbent is reused, and the process is environment-friendly and energy-saving.
While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is intended to be illustrative, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A system for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy is characterized by comprising: a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, a water gas shift device (5), a decarbonization device (4), a heating furnace (2), a reduction reaction furnace (1), a heat exchanger (8) and a dust removal dehydrator (3);
the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas source, the water gas shift device (5) and the decarbonization device (4) are sequentially connected to shift the gas in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas and remove carbon dioxide in the hydrogen-rich synthesis gas;
two gas communication passages are arranged between a first outlet of the decarburization device (4) and the reduction reaction furnace (1) and are used for sending gas decarburized by the decarburization device (4) into the reduction reaction furnace (1) through a pipeline, wherein the first gas passage is communicated with the middle part of the reduction reaction furnace (1), the heating furnace (2) is arranged on the gas passage, and the gas passage at the front end of the heating furnace (2) passes through the heat exchanger (8); the second gas passage is communicated with the bottom of the reduction reaction furnace (1);
the reduction reaction furnace (1) is a reactor for carrying out sealed reaction on iron ore and comprises a bottom discharge hole and a top exhaust port; the top exhaust port is connected with an inlet of the dust-removing dehydrator (3), and a communication passage passes through the heat exchanger (8); the outlet of the dust-removing dehydrator (3) is connected with the inlet of the decarbonization device (4);
a second outlet of the decarburization device (4) is respectively connected to a top exhaust port and a bottom discharge port of the reduction reaction furnace (1);
and the heat exchanger (8) is used for exchanging heat of the reduction reaction furnace top tail gas to the first gas passage gas at the front end of the heating furnace.
2. The system for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a compressor; the number of the compressors is 1 or more than 1, and the compressors are used for compressing and boosting the pressure of the gas in the pipeline.
3. The system for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water gas shift device (5) comprises a water gas shift reactor, a heat exchanger and a condensate separator.
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| CN111270036A (en) * | 2020-04-05 | 2020-06-12 | 上海泰普星坦新材料有限公司 | System and process method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of hydrogen energy |
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