CN109868335B - System and method for closed-loop utilization of tail gas in iron ore reduction process - Google Patents
System and method for closed-loop utilization of tail gas in iron ore reduction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109868335B CN109868335B CN201910209841.6A CN201910209841A CN109868335B CN 109868335 B CN109868335 B CN 109868335B CN 201910209841 A CN201910209841 A CN 201910209841A CN 109868335 B CN109868335 B CN 109868335B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for closed-loop utilization of tail gas in an iron ore reduction process. The system comprises an iron ore reduction furnace, a first dust removal and purification device, a tail gas conversion furnace, a second dust removal and purification device and a heat exchanger. The method realizes the purposes of improving the heat value of the tail gas generated by reducing the iron ore and reducing CO in the iron and steel integrated enterprises2And (5) discharging. The method is to reduce water vapor and CO in the tail gas of the iron ore reduction by using a carbon conversion method2Conversion to H2And CO, and then introducing into the iron ore reduction furnace again to provide a reducing agent and heat for the reduction of the iron ore and realize the closed-loop utilization of the tail gas. On one hand, the process efficiently recovers the physical sensible heat and the chemical energy of the tail gas generated by reducing the iron ore and utilizes the CO in the tail gas2Improving the heat value of the tail gas and reducing CO2And (5) discharging. On the other hand, the process can greatly improve the reduction efficiency of the iron ore, improve the product quality and improve the reduction conditions in the reduction furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metal smelting, and particularly relates to a system and a method for closed-loop utilization of tail gas in an iron ore reduction process
Background
As global warming caused by greenhouse gases has great influence on global climate, China government has committed GDP production value CO to units committed all over the world2Compared with 2005, the emission is reduced by 40-45%. China is the biggest iron and steel producing country in the world, and China has the iron and steel industry CO in 20102Emission of national CO2The discharge amount is about 15 percent, and the ton steel CO of the steel enterprises in China2The emission is about 15 percent higher than that of developed countries. Therefore, energy conservation, consumption reduction and realization of low-carbon development of the steel industry are necessary requirements for the sustainable development of the steel industry in China.
Carbon balance from iron and steel enterprisesAnalysis shows that carbon is input in the form of energy and substances, a small amount of heat or carbon is recovered for power generation and heat supply and is partially output as carbon-containing products (steel and pig iron) and byproducts (tar and crude benzene), and more than 90 percent of carbon is used as CO2Is discharged to the atmosphere.
A large amount of iron ore reduction tail gas is by-produced in the process of steel production, taking blast furnace gas as an example, wherein CO is2The content is highest, the content can reach 35 to 45 percent after denitrification, the yield is the maximum in the steel production process, and the gas yield of a blast furnace per ton can reach 1500m3. Because blast furnace gas has low heat value and is difficult to be directly burnt as fuel, at present, most blast furnace gas is mixed with other high heat value gas to supply heat for combustion of each production process or generate electricity by a power generation unit, wherein CO2All being vented to the atmosphere.
Patent 201810077302.7 discloses a method and system for utilizing blast furnace gas rich in carbon dioxide by subjecting the blast furnace gas to purification, dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification to obtain CO rich gas2A gas; performing desulfurization purification treatment and hydrogen purification treatment on the coke oven gas to obtain hydrogen-rich gas; the hydrogen-rich gas and the CO are enriched2After mixing, the gases are compressed for heat exchange to carry out methanol catalytic synthesis reaction, and a methanol product is obtained. The patent relates to the denitrification treatment of blast furnace gas and the purification treatment of coke oven gas hydrogen, the production process system of the methanol raw gas is complex, the synthesis amount of a catalytic synthesis reactor is limited, and the equipment investment is large.
Patent 201110281568.1 discloses a gas enrichment device and method, wherein the heat exchange between the blast furnace gas after denitrification and the enriched gas is carried out by a preheater, the gas enters a gas heater, the temperature is raised by the heat provided by the combustion of high-calorific-value gas and oxygen, and then the gas is blown into the furnace to reduce the coal blocks filled in the furnace, so as to generate high-calorific-value gas. The patent carries out denitrification treatment on the blast furnace gas, releases the physical heat of the blast furnace gas and increases the energy consumption. And the patent only relates to the preparation of high-calorific value blast furnace gas, and does not relate to the utilization of other iron ore reduction tail gas and a specific utilization method of the high-calorific value blast furnace gas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system for utilizing tail gas in the reduction process of iron ore in a closed loop manner and a corresponding use method thereof so as to solve the problems of low heat value of the tail gas in the reduction of iron ore and CO in iron and steel integrated enterprises in the prior art2The technical problem of large discharge amount.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a closed-loop system for utilizing tail gas in the reduction process of iron ore comprises an iron ore reduction furnace 1, a first dust removal and purification device 2-1, a tail gas conversion furnace 3, a second dust removal and purification device 2-2 and a heat exchanger 4; a tail gas outlet of the iron ore reducing furnace 1 is communicated with an inlet of the first dust removal and purification device 2-1; the outlet of the first dust removal and purification device 2-1 is communicated with the interior of the tail gas converter 3, and is used for inputting the primary purified tail gas obtained in the first dust removal and purification device 2-1 into the tail gas converter 3; the upper part of the tail gas converter 3 is provided with a gas outlet which is communicated with the inlet of the second dust removal and purification device 2-2 through a pipeline; a heating flow channel and a heated flow channel are arranged in the heat exchanger 4; an outlet of the second dust removal and purification device 2-2 is communicated with an inlet of a heating runner of the heat exchanger 4, and an outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace 1 through a pipeline; an inlet of the heated runner of the heat exchanger 4 is used for being communicated with an oxygen supply pipeline, and an outlet of the heated runner of the heat exchanger 4 is respectively communicated with a gas inlet of the iron ore reducing furnace 1 and the interior of the tail gas reformer 3 through pipelines so as to provide preheated oxygen.
Further, the device comprises a desulfurization purification device 5, wherein the desulfurization purification device 5 is communicated with a pipeline between an outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 and a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace 1.
Further, the device comprises a dehydration device 6, wherein the dehydration device 6 is communicated with a pipeline between an outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 and a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace 1.
Further, the device also comprises a raw material preheating device, wherein the raw material preheating device comprises a raw material preheater 9 and a tail gas converter raw material bin 8; a material inlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with the raw material bin 8 of the tail gas converter, and a material outlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with the inside of the tail gas converter 3; and a gas inlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with an outlet of the second dust removal and purification device 2-2, and a gas outlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with an outlet of the heating flow channel of the heat exchanger 4.
Further, a pipeline between a gas inlet of the iron ore reducing furnace 1 and an outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 is also communicated with a coal gas external supply pipeline device 7.
A method for using a closed-loop system for utilizing tail gas in an iron ore reduction process, which is based on the closed-loop system for utilizing the tail gas in the iron ore reduction process, comprises the following steps:
s1: introducing tail gas generated by the iron ore reduction furnace 1 into a first dust removal purification device 2-1 for dust removal treatment to obtain primary purified tail gas;
s2: introducing the primary purified tail gas into a tail gas converter 3 to perform oxidation-reduction reaction with a preheated carbon source material and preheated oxygen to obtain high-temperature high-calorific-value coal gas; the chemical reaction is as follows:
CO2+C=2CO-172.52kJ·mol-1
H2O+C=H2+CO-131.96kJ·mol-1
C+O2=CO2+394.96kJ·mol-1
s3: treating the high-temperature high-calorific-value gas by a second dust removal purification device 2-2 to obtain secondary purified gas; introducing a part of the primary purified coal gas into the raw material preheater 9 for preheating the carbon source material to obtain a preheated carbon source material and a first cooling coal gas;
introducing the other part of the secondary purified coal gas into a heat exchanger 4 for preheating oxygen to obtain preheated oxygen and second cooled coal gas;
s4: mixing the first cooled gas and the second cooled gas obtained in the step S3 to form low-temperature low-calorific-value gas, and conveying the low-temperature low-calorific-value gas and a part of the preheated oxygen together to the iron ore reduction furnace 1 through a pipeline for reducing iron ore; the chemical reaction is as follows:
2CO+O2=2CO2+565.40kJ·mol-1
2H2+O2=2H2O+494.91kJ·mol-1
3CO+Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO2+38.99kJ·mol-1
3H2+Fe2O3=2Fe+3H2O-86.41kJ·mol-1
s5: the preheated carbon source material obtained in S3 and another part of the preheated oxygen are fed to the tail gas reformer 3 for generating high temperature and high calorific value gas.
Wherein the carbon source material is blocky coal or coke.
As an optimization, S4 further includes the following operations: treating the low-temperature low-calorific-value gas through a desulfurization purification device 5 and a dehydration device 6 in sequence to obtain tertiary purified gas; and then conveying the third purified gas and a part of the preheated oxygen gas to an iron ore reduction furnace 1 for oxidation-reduction reaction.
As optimization, the method further comprises the step of S6: and (3) sending a part of the tertiary purified gas out through a gas external supply pipeline device for each production process and power generation device of the steel and iron united enterprises.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts tail gas in the reduction process of iron ore as raw material; coke or coal blocks are used as a reducing agent and a heating agent; oxygen is taken as an oxidant; the purified iron ore reduction tail gas and preheated coke or coal block are subjected to reduction reaction at high temperature, so that CO is reduced2And water vapor content, increasing CO and H2And (4) obtaining high-temperature high-heat value coal gas.
2. The invention adopts a dry dedusting technology, and fully retains the physical heat in the iron ore reduction tail gas and the tail gas conversion furnace gas. Directly introducing the iron ore reduction tail gas purified gas into a tail gas converter to fully utilize physical heat; the high-temperature high-calorific value gas is respectively introduced into a raw material preheater and a heat exchanger to preheat the raw material and oxygen of the tail gas reformer, so that the physical heat is efficiently utilized.
3. The invention adopts cold coal gas introduced into an iron ore reduction furnace as a heating agent and a reducing agent; the preheated oxygen is used as an oxidant, so that the reduction efficiency and the reduction rate of the iron ore are improved, and the emission of pollutants in the reduction process of the iron ore is reduced.
4. The purified tail gas converter gas is used for various production processes and power generation devices of the integrated iron and steel enterprises, so that the total CO of the integrated iron and steel enterprises is reduced2And (3) discharging, improving the production efficiency of each production process, reducing the discharge of pollutants of each process and realizing clean production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a closed-loop system for utilizing tail gas from an iron ore reduction process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the experimental platform in the example;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the reduction degree of sintered ore of different particle sizes as a function of reduction time;
FIG. 4-a is a graph showing the time-dependent change of flue gas components (3-4mm) in reduction tail gas from sinter reduction;
FIG. 4-b is a graph showing the time-dependent change of flue gas components (10-13mm) in reduction tail gas from sinter.
In the drawings: 1-an iron ore reduction furnace; 2-1-a first dust removal purification device; 2-a second dust removal purification device; 3-a tail gas converter; 4-a heat exchanger; 5-a desulfurization purification device; 6-a dewatering device; 7-gas external supply pipeline device; 8-a tail gas converter raw material bin; 9-raw material preheater.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in figure 1, the closed-loop system for utilizing the tail gas in the reduction process of the iron ore comprises an iron ore reduction furnace 1, a first dust removal and purification device 2-1, a tail gas conversion furnace 3, a second dust removal and purification device 2-2 and a heat exchanger 4; the top of the iron ore reducing furnace 1 is communicated with an inlet of the first dust removal and purification device 2-1; the outlet of the first dust removal and purification device 2-1 is communicated with the interior of the tail gas converter 3, and is used for inputting the primary purified tail gas obtained in the first dust removal and purification device 2-1 into the tail gas converter 3; the upper part of the tail gas converter 3 is provided with a gas outlet which is communicated with the inlet of the second dust removal and purification device 2-2 through a pipeline; a heating flow channel and a heated flow channel are arranged in the heat exchanger 4; an outlet of the second dust removal and purification device 2-2 is communicated with an inlet of a heating runner of the heat exchanger 4, and an outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace 1 through a pipeline; an inlet of the heated runner of the heat exchanger 4 is used for being communicated with an oxygen supply pipeline, and an outlet of the heated runner of the heat exchanger 4 is respectively communicated with a gas inlet of the iron ore reducing furnace 1 and the interior of the tail gas reformer 3 through pipelines so as to provide preheated oxygen.
Preferably, the device also comprises a desulfurization purification device 5, and the desulfurization purification device 5 is communicated with a pipeline between the outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 and the gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace 1.
Preferably, the device further comprises a dehydration device 6, and the dehydration device 6 is communicated with a pipeline between the outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 and the gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace 1.
As optimization, the device also comprises a raw material preheating device, wherein the raw material preheating device comprises a raw material preheater 9 and a tail gas converter raw material bin 8; a material inlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with the raw material bin 8 of the tail gas converter, and a material outlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with the inside of the tail gas converter 3; and a gas inlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with an outlet of the second dust removal and purification device 2-2, and a gas outlet of the raw material preheater 9 is communicated with an outlet of the heating flow channel of the heat exchanger 4.
Preferably, the pipeline between the gas inlet of the iron ore reducing furnace 1 and the outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger 4 is also communicated with a gas external supply pipeline device 7.
A method for using a closed-loop system for utilizing tail gas in an iron ore reduction process, which is based on the closed-loop system for utilizing the tail gas in the iron ore reduction process, comprises the following steps:
s1: introducing tail gas generated by the iron ore reduction furnace 1 into a first dust removal purification device 2-1 for dust removal treatment to obtain primary purified tail gas;
s2: introducing the primary purified tail gas into a tail gas converter 3 to perform oxidation-reduction reaction with a preheated carbon source material and preheated oxygen to obtain high-temperature high-calorific-value coal gas;
s3: treating the high-temperature high-calorific-value gas by a second dust removal purification device 2-2 to obtain secondary purified gas; introducing a part of the primary purified coal gas into the raw material preheater 9 for preheating the carbon source material to obtain a preheated carbon source material and a first cooling coal gas;
introducing the other part of the secondary purified coal gas into a heat exchanger 4 for preheating oxygen to obtain preheated oxygen and second cooled coal gas;
s4: mixing the first cooled gas and the second cooled gas obtained in the step S3 to form low-temperature low-calorific-value gas, and conveying the low-temperature low-calorific-value gas and a part of the preheated oxygen together to the iron ore reduction furnace 1 through a pipeline for reducing iron ore;
s5: the preheated carbon source material obtained in S3 and another part of the preheated oxygen are fed to the tail gas reformer 3 for generating high temperature and high calorific value gas.
Wherein the carbon source material is blocky coal or coke.
As an optimization, S4 further includes the following operations: treating the low-temperature low-calorific-value gas through a desulfurization purification device 5 and a dehydration device 6 in sequence to obtain tertiary purified gas; and then conveying the third purified gas and a part of the preheated oxygen gas to an iron ore reduction furnace 1 for oxidation-reduction reaction.
As optimization, the method further comprises the step of S6: and (3) sending a part of the tertiary purified gas out through a gas external supply pipeline device for each production process and power generation device of the steel and iron united enterprises.
Examples
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a closed-loop experimental platform for reducing tail gas by using iron ore, and the system and the method are simulated by using the device. Taking sintered ores of different size fractions in a certain steel mill as an example to carry out a closed-loop reduction experiment, the components of the sintered ore are TFe: 57.44%, FeO: 8.88% of SiO2:8.48%,Al2O3:1.87%,CaO:11.95%,MgO:1.47%。
500g of sintered ore with the grain diameter of 3-4mm and 10-13mm are respectively weighed to carry out reduction experiments. FIG. 3 is a curve showing the reduction degree of the sintered ore with different particle sizes varying with the reduction time, and it can be seen from the curve that the sintered ore with different particle sizes all obtain good reduction effect within 120min, and the reduction rate of the sintered ore with 3-4mm is higher than that of the sintered ore with 10-13 mm. 4-a and 4-b are the time-dependent curves of the flue gas components of the reduction tail gas of the sintering ores with different particle sizes, and it can be known from the curves that a small amount of CO generated by coke is reduced to CO generated by the sintering ores at the beginning of the reduction reaction2,CO2Reduced by coke to 2 times the volume of CO (reaction equation: C + CO)22CO) so that CO and CO are present in the system2The content gradually increases. CO as the sinter reduction reaches a maximum reaction rate2The content reaches a maximum, after which the CO is reduced with the reaction rate2The content gradually decreases. The content of CO gradually increases along with the reduction reaction until the reduction of the sinter is finished, and the CO content gradually increases2The content is reduced to the minimum, and the CO content reaches the maximum. Final system CO free2Emission of, CO formed by the reaction2All the coke is reduced into CO, the redundant CO is discharged from the system through a pressure relief valve and can be collected and utilized, and the purity of the CO is higher than 98%.
The above examples of the present invention are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A closed-loop system for utilizing tail gas in the reduction process of iron ore is characterized by comprising an iron ore reduction furnace (1), a first dust removal purification device (2-1), a tail gas conversion furnace (3), a second dust removal purification device (2-2) and a heat exchanger (4);
the top of the iron ore reducing furnace (1) is communicated with an inlet of the first dust removal and purification device (2-1); the outlet of the first dust removal and purification device (2-1) is communicated with the interior of the tail gas converter (3) and is used for inputting the primary purified tail gas obtained in the first dust removal and purification device (2-1) into the tail gas converter (3); the upper part of the tail gas converter (3) is provided with a gas outlet which is communicated with an inlet of the second dust removal purification device (2-2) through a pipeline; a heating flow channel and a heated flow channel are arranged in the heat exchanger (4); an outlet of the second dust removal and purification device (2-2) is communicated with an inlet of a heating runner of the heat exchanger (4), and an outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger (4) is communicated with a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace (1) through a pipeline;
the inlet of the heated runner of the heat exchanger (4) is communicated with an oxygen supply pipeline, and the outlet of the heated runner of the heat exchanger (4) is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the iron ore reducing furnace (1) and the interior of the tail gas converting furnace (3) through pipelines so as to provide preheated oxygen;
the device also comprises a raw material preheating device, wherein the raw material preheating device comprises a raw material preheater (9) and a tail gas converter raw material bin (8); a material inlet of the raw material preheater (9) is communicated with the raw material bin (8) of the tail gas converter, and a material outlet of the raw material preheater (9) is communicated with the inside of the tail gas converter (3); and a gas inlet of the raw material preheater (9) is communicated with an outlet of the second dust removal and purification device (2-2), and a gas outlet of the raw material preheater (9) is communicated with an outlet of a heating flow channel of the heat exchanger (4).
2. A closed loop system for utilizing off-gas from an iron ore reduction process according to claim 1 further comprising a desulfurization purification apparatus (5), wherein the desulfurization purification apparatus (5) is connected to a pipe between an outlet of the heating flow path of the heat exchanger (4) and a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace (1).
3. A closed loop system for utilizing off-gas from an iron ore reduction process according to claim 1 further comprising a water removal device (6), wherein the water removal device (6) is connected to a conduit between an outlet of the heating flow path of the heat exchanger (4) and a gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace (1).
4. A closed loop system for utilizing off-gas from an iron ore reduction process according to claim 1, wherein the piping between the gas inlet of the iron ore reduction furnace (1) and the outlet of the heating runner of the heat exchanger (4) is further communicated with a gas external supply piping device (7).
5. A method for using a closed-loop system for utilizing tail gas in an iron ore reduction process, which is characterized in that the closed-loop system for utilizing the tail gas in the iron ore reduction process based on claim 1 comprises the following steps: s1: introducing tail gas generated by the iron ore reduction furnace (1) into a first dust removal purification device (2-1) for dust removal treatment to obtain primary purified tail gas;
s2: introducing the primary purified tail gas into a tail gas conversion furnace (3) to perform oxidation-reduction reaction with a preheated carbon source material and preheated oxygen to obtain high-temperature high-calorific-value coal gas;
s3: treating the high-temperature high-calorific-value gas by a second dust removal purification device (2-2) to obtain secondary purified gas; introducing a part of the primary purified gas into the raw material preheater (9) for preheating the carbon source material to obtain a preheated carbon source material and a first cooling gas;
introducing the other part of the secondary purified coal gas into a heat exchanger (4) for preheating oxygen to obtain preheated oxygen and second cooled coal gas;
s4: mixing the first cooled gas and the second cooled gas obtained in the step S3 to form low-temperature low-heating-value gas, and conveying the low-temperature low-heating-value gas and a part of preheated oxygen together to the iron ore reduction furnace (1) through a pipeline for reducing iron ore;
s5: feeding the preheated carbon source material obtained in S3 and another part of the preheated oxygen into the tail gas converter (3) for generating high-temperature high-heating value coal gas.
6. The method of using a closed-loop system for utilizing off-gas from an iron ore reduction process as set forth in claim 5, wherein said carbon source material is lump coal or coke.
7. The method of using a closed-loop system for utilizing offgas from an iron ore reduction process of claim 5, wherein S4 further comprises the operations of:
treating the low-temperature low-calorific-value gas sequentially through a desulfurization purification device (5) and a dehydration device (6) to obtain tertiary purified gas; and then conveying the third purified gas and a part of the preheated oxygen gas to an iron ore reduction furnace (1) for oxidation-reduction reaction.
8. The method of using a closed-loop system for utilizing offgas from an iron ore reduction process of claim 7, further comprising S6: and (3) sending a part of the tertiary purified gas out through a gas external supply pipeline device for each production process and power generation device of the steel and iron united enterprises.
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