CN101643809B - Sponge iron production technology by coal gasification - Google Patents
Sponge iron production technology by coal gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN101643809B CN101643809B CN2009101038452A CN200910103845A CN101643809B CN 101643809 B CN101643809 B CN 101643809B CN 2009101038452 A CN2009101038452 A CN 2009101038452A CN 200910103845 A CN200910103845 A CN 200910103845A CN 101643809 B CN101643809 B CN 101643809B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/122—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by capturing or storing CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the metallurgy technical field and discloses a sponge iron production technology by coal gasification. The invention is characterized in that: coal and oxygen, water or steam react in a high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier to generate reducing coal gas rich in CO+H2, the reducing coal gas is subject to dust removal, desulfuration and pressure and heat transformation by a gasifier discharge coal gas process system and then mixed with decarburization gas rich in CO+H2 after shaft furnace top gas passes through a return coal gas process system and a carbon dioxide separation system, and then the mixed gas is heated to the temperature range required by the shaft furnace and then fed into the shaft furnace to reduce iron ore, so as to produce sponge iron. The invention reduces high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier cost; the shaft furnace top gas circulating reflux is fully utilized to reduce coal use consumed in sponge iron production, and cost is saved; and CO2 is collected and recycled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, relate to the engineering field that Steel Plant utilize the reducing gas production sponge iron of gasification generation, disclose a kind of sponge iron production technology by coal gasification.
Technical background
Under the overall situation of energy-saving and emission-reduction at home and abroad, in blast furnace, utilize coke, agglomerate or pellet to produce molten iron, and then send the defective of long course steelmaking technology of converter steelmaking fairly obvious, a large amount of dischargings of for example shortage of coking coal resource, coking and agglomerating occupation of land and cost, the three wastes or the like.The investment that the abbreviated system of utilizing sponge iron and steel scrap to make steel can be saved coking, sintering aspect, waste discharge is less, and economy and environmental benefit are fairly obvious.The acquisition of sponge iron is crucial in the short flow process steel-making, and except making steel, high-quality sponge iron can directly apply to fields such as powder metallurgy.
The reducing gas that utilizes at present gasification to produce is both at home and abroad produced the technology of sponge iron and is mainly divided three classes: 1) in the COREX patent system of siemens's VAI (SVAI) company, indicated and can utilize the discharged producer gas of the molten minute stove that produces molten iron to produce sponge iron as reducing gas.The production sponge iron technology of at present domestic and international comparative maturity and the COREX patent system that full scale plant is not all deviate from siemens's VAI (SVAI), because of involving the COREX patent, the cost of this type of technology is all very expensive.2) reducing gas of utilizing coal water slurry and oxygen reaction to generate that Baosteel company and Shandong Lu Hua company propose is carried out processing, obtains Fu Qing (H at last
2: CO=0.73～8.5) reducing gas enters the technology of shaft furnace.This technology is strict to the reducing gas composition, and gas utilization rate is not high, and waste discharge does not solve.3) Zhongye Saidi Engineering Technology Co., Ltd has carried out deep research at coal gasification production sponge iron, has proposed to utilize the gasification of high-pressure pulverized coal technology to produce CO+H
2＞90% reducing gas, and utilize CO
2Backflow to the novel process of vapourizing furnace remaining CO as air conveying delivery medium
2Store for future use with liquid form.This technology requires high (CO+H to the reducing gas composition
2＞90%), only, invest higher at the gasification of high-pressure pulverized coal technology of cost costliness; Secondly, this technology proposes the shaft furnace top gas is entered shaft furnace after heating once more after the washing, and this will reduce the reducing gas reduction degree greatly, because the CO+H of shaft furnace top gas
2Only be about 60%; In addition, two step of the tube furnace of this process using and partial oxidation process coal gas type of heating can lose～5% reducing gas, remix CO+H in this case
2Shaft furnace stock gas for～60% enters shaft furnace, and can the gas reduction degree of this moment must be discussed by guarantee value.
In sum, except that the COREX patent system of siemens's VAI (SVAI) company, all there are some defectives in present sponge iron production technology by coal gasification both domestic and external, as wants industrialization, also needs further to improve.
The gas composition per-cent that arrives involved in the present invention except that specifying, is the dry gas percentage composition.
Summary of the invention
At the existing problem of sponge iron production technology by coal gasification both domestic and external, the thinking from energy-saving and emission-reduction and technology production domesticization has proposed a kind of sponge iron production technology by coal gasification.The present invention is characterised in that: coal and oxygen, water or water vapor react in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, generate rich CO+H
2Reducing gas, this reducing gas is heated to the desired temperature range of shaft furnace then after vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system carries out dedusting, desulfurization and pressure, heat conversion, enter shaft furnace again and produce sponge iron; The shaft furnace top gas is through the rich CO of backflow gas process system and carbon dioxide separating system
2Separate gassing, be back in the high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, react with coal, oxygen, water or water vapor.
Calculate by process optimization, reduce reducing gas reduction composition and require to CO+H
2〉=80%, to reduce the high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier cost; Make full use of shaft furnace top gas pump around circuit,, save cost to reduce the coal consumption of the required consumption of production unit quality sponge iron; With CO
2Collect and recycle, make CO
2Zero release is to reach the purpose that reduces exhaust gas emission.
The technology that the present invention proposes comprises 6 sub-process systems, is respectively: 1) high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier; 2) vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system; 3) hotblast stove heating system; 4) gas reduction sponge iron system; 5) backflow gas process system; 6) carbon dioxide separating system.By transport pipe and e Foerderanlage above-mentioned 6 process systems are linked together, reach the purpose of sponge iron gasification production.
The flow process of technology is as follows:
1) at first is the rich CO that coal, oxygen, water or water vapour and a part parse from shaft furnace backflow coal gas
2Separate gassing (the rich CO of this part
2Separate gassing and can be zero), in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, react, vapor pressure is 0.5～8.5MPa in the vapourizing furnace, gasification temperature is 1000～1700 ℃, generates CO+H
2〉=80% reducing gas.Rich CO
2Separate the reaction (C+CO of gassing and coal
2=2CO) be thermo-negative reaction, can separate gassing by this part and regulate the vapourizing furnace temperature of exit gas.
2) vapourizing furnace outlet coal gas is handled through vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system, comprises dedusting, desulfurization, the thermal exchange of coal gas, after the overbottom pressure recycling, is met the low temperature coal gas of shaft furnace intake pressure requirement.
3) coal gas after vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system is handled mixes with the shaft furnace backflow coal gas through the carbon dioxide separating system decarburization, and mixed gas enters the hotblast stove heating system.
4) after reducing gas is heated to the required temperature of shaft furnace by hot blast stove system, enter the sponge iron that the reaction of shaft furnace and iron ore generates degree of metalization 〉=92%.Adopt the pneumatolytic of hotblast stove heating gas reduction to divide loss minimum, the carbon of analysing of minute quantity is participated in the burning thermopositive reaction directly, does not cause obstruction.
5) the reacted top gas of shaft furnace carries out the reflux cycle utilization, after the dedusting of coal gas, thermal exchange, pressure conversion, obtaining major part temperature～40 ℃ and pressure satisfies through pressure behind the carbon dioxide separating system and is slightly larger than backflow coal gas, by passing back into shaft furnace after the carbon dioxide separating system decarburization, rest part is as Steel Plant's coal gas output.
6) after coal gas enters carbon dioxide separating system (can be PSA or VPSA tripping device), obtain reducing gas and separate gassing.Be back to the shaft furnace recycling after the coal gas Hybrid Heating after the reducing gas backflow is handled with vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system; Separate gassing and can all purify the back as the output of the unstripped gas of chemical industry, also can a part be back in the high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier and react, another part is through further exporting as unstripped gas after the purification.
From above-mentioned analysis as can be known, utilize the novel process of this patent of invention, can not have CO in theory
2Discharging, and farthest to have utilized the outlet coal gas of shaft furnace, whole technology be very to optimize technically.
The novel process of patent of the present invention is the sponge iron that the reducing gas that utilizes gasification to produce is produced degree of metalization 〉=92%.This technology has following beneficial effect:
1) utilizes the by-product gas of shaft furnace fully, high reduction degree coal gas behind the shaft furnace furnace roof gas decarbonization is participated in pump around circuit, significantly reduced the coal (～50%) of the required consumption of unit output sponge iron, thereby significantly reduce the investment and the energy consumption of high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier and vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system, have the characteristics of height save energy.
2) utilize 1) described shaft furnace top gas participation pump around circuit, can reduce the gas reduction degree requirement that high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier is produced.As long as high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier satisfies the reducing gas CO+H that produces
2〉=80%, by mixing, can reach shaft furnace inlet coal gas CO+H with the shaft furnace top gas of pump around circuit after the decarburization
2The requirement of 〉=85% (wet gas per-cent).The reducing gas reduction degree that gasification produces reduces, and can save the investment of high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier greatly, and the industrialization of whole technology is had very great value.
3) by-product gas of shaft furnace, except that being used for the shaft furnace backflow, unnecessary part is as Steel Plant's coal gas output, and this part output caloric power of gas is higher, can reach 6000～7000KJ/m
3, can be used for pelletizing plant system pelletizing, gas turbine combined cycle power plant (CCPP), make Chemicals, or the like, use is very extensive.
4) the rich CO that after decarburization, produces of the by-product gas of shaft furnace
2Separate gassing, a part is returned high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier as the reaction gas foldback, reacts with coal, oxygen, water or water vapour in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, generates CO+H
2〉=80% reducing gas; Another part unstripped gas as chemical industry after further purifying is exported.Utilize a part of CO
2(can reach in theory～30%) participates in gasification reaction as reaction gas, can regulate the gasification gas temperature, and can save part of coal under the constant situation of gas production rate, has the characteristics of economical and energy saving; In addition, unnecessary high-purity CO
2Gas uses as material gas, and not directly discharging has reached the purpose that reduces discharging, in theory CO
2Can realize zero release.
The drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described, but the present invention not only is confined to this.
This technology comprises 6 sub-process systems: 1) high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier; 2) vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system; 3) hotblast stove heating system; 4) shaft furnace (gas reduction sponge iron system); 5) backflow gas process system; 6) carbon dioxide separating system.
1) after non-coking coal grinds through coal pulverizer, with oxygen, water or water vapor and a part of rich CO that from shaft furnace backflow coal gas, parses
2Separate gassing (the rich CO of this part
2Separate gassing and can be zero) in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, react, generate CO+H
2〉=80%, N
2Content＜1%, vapor pressure be 0.5～8.5MPa, gasification temperature be 1000～1700 ℃ reducing gas 1., by the rich CO that will reflux
2Separating gassing sprays into coal and reacts may command vapourizing furnace temperature of exit gas in the vapourizing furnace in the temperature range that is fit to subsequent technique.
2) the outlet coal gas of vapourizing furnace is as follows in the flow process of vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system: the outlet coal gas of vapourizing furnace cools to the required temperature of coal gas dust removal device through coal gas heat-exchange device (as waste heat boiler), the mode that dedusting adopts thick dedusting to add dry bag-type dust remover is carried out, the dust content of gas≤5mg/Nm after the dedusting
3The thick desulfurization of wet desulphurization in the coal gas elder generation process coal gas desulfurization device after the dedusting is to 200mg/Nm
3, pass through the smart desulfurization of dry desulfurization in the coal gas desulfurization device again to＜20mg/Nm
3Coal gas after the desulfurization is heated to 245 ℃ by the coal gas heat-exchange device again, enter coal gas residual pressure recovering equipment (TRT) then and carry out pressure recovery, pressure drops to about the slightly high 0.2MPa of gas pressure that requires than the shaft furnace inlet, as shaft furnace is the low pressure shaft furnace, need carry out the flow process that twice heating+overbottom pressure reclaims when then the coal gas overbottom pressure reclaims, separate out the water of condensation etching apparatus below the dew point in case gas temperature is reduced to.
3) 2. CO+H of the outlet coal gas of vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system
2〉=80%, itself and process carbon dioxide separating system decarburization shaft furnace backflow coal gas is CO+H 8.
2=～92% mixes, and obtains CO+H after mixing by a certain percentage
2The coal gas of 〉=85% (wet gas per-cent) 3. enters the hotblast stove heating system.
4) CO+H
2The reducing gas that the reducing gas of 〉=85% (wet gas per-cent) 3. is heated to about 850 ℃ of the required temperature of shaft furnace by hot blast stove system 4. after, enter the sponge iron that shaft furnace and iron ore (lump ore and pellet) reaction generates degree of metalization 〉=92%.
5) 5. CO+H of the reacted top gas of shaft furnace
2About 60%, top gas is after backflow gas process system handles, and 6. a part is exported as Steel Plant's coal gas, and the output caloric power of gas is higher, can reach 6000～7000KJ/m
3Rest part is used for the utilization of shaft furnace reflux cycle.
6) 5. the flow process in backflow gas process system is as follows for top gas: at first pass through coal gas heat-exchange device (as tube and shell heat exchanger) and cool to the required temperature of coal gas dust removal device, the mode that dedusting adopts thick dedusting to add dry bag-type dust remover is carried out, the dust content of gas≤5mg/m after the dedusting
3Coal gas after the dedusting carries out pressure conversion and thermal exchange through gas pressure changing device and heat-exchange device, obtain major part temperature～40 ℃ backflow coal gas 7. with output coal gas 6., backflow coal gas pressure 7. satisfies the 2. gas pressure of outlet coal gas that is slightly larger than vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system through pressure behind the carbon dioxide separating system, the temperature in that simultaneous temperature satisfies carbon dioxide separating system requires (～40 ℃), and 6. coal gas exported and satisfied Steel Plant's customer requirements.
7) after 7. backflow coal gas enter carbon dioxide separating system (as PSA or VPSA tripping device), obtain CO+H
2=～92% reducing gas 8., and CO
2=～90% output is separated gassing and is 9. separated gassing 10. with backflow.
CO+H
22. 8.=～92% reducing gas mix with the outlet coal gas of vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system, obtains CO+H after the mixing
2The coal gas of 〉=85% (wet gas per-cent) 3. heats back about 850 ℃ reducing gas and 4. is back to the shaft furnace recycling; CO
29. gassing is separated in=～90% output can all purify the back as the output of the unstripped gas of chemical industry.Also available a part of CO
2=～90% backflow is separated gassing and is 10. sent in the high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier and react another part CO
2=～90% output is separated and is exported as unstripped gas after 9. gassing purifies.
The present invention calculates by process optimization, reduces reducing gas reduction composition and requires to CO+H
2〉=80%, to reduce the high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier cost; Make full use of shaft furnace top gas pump around circuit,, save cost to reduce the coal consumption of the required consumption of production unit quality sponge iron; With CO
2Collect and recycle, can reach CO in theory
2Zero release is to reach the purpose that reduces exhaust gas emission.
Claims (5)
1. sponge iron production technology by coal gasification, it is characterized in that: coal and oxygen, water or water vapor react in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier, generate rich CO+H
2Reducing gas, described rich CO+H
2The CO+H of reducing gas
2〉=80%, this reducing gas is after vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system carries out dedusting, desulfurization and pressure, heat conversion, with the rich CO+H of shaft furnace top gas behind backflow gas process system and carbon dioxide separating system
2Backflow coal gas mixes, described rich CO+H
2The CO+H of backflow coal gas
2Be 92%, be heated to the desired temperature range of shaft furnace then, enter the reduction shaft furnace iron ore again and produce sponge iron; Described shaft furnace top gas is after backflow gas process system dust removing and the conversion of pressure heat, and a part is used for coal gas output, and rest part separates by carbon dioxide separating system, obtains rich CO+H
2The backflow coal gas of content, this backflow coal gas mixes CO+H in the mixed wet gas with the outlet coal gas of vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system
2〉=85%, be heated to 850 ℃ of the desired temperature of shaft furnace then, enter the reduction shaft furnace iron ore again and produce sponge iron.
2. sponge iron production technology by coal gasification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described backflow gas process system comprises cleaning apparatus, heat-exchange device and the pressure changing device of coal gas, top gas is carried out dedusting, heat and pressure conversion process, and the coal gas that obtains 40 ℃ of temperature enters subsequent technique.
3. sponge iron production technology by coal gasification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier generates rich CO+H
2Reducing gas, vapor pressure 0.5～8.5MPa, gasification temperature are 1000～1700 ℃, generate the CO+H in the reducing gas
2〉=80%.
4. sponge iron production technology by coal gasification according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described shaft furnace furnace roof backflow coal gas with heat after the outlet coal gas of vapourizing furnace discharged producer gas process system mixes, what add thermal recovery is the hotblast stove heating, be heated to 850 ℃ and enter shaft furnace, participate in producing the reaction of sponge iron.
5. sponge iron production technology by coal gasification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rich CO behind described shaft furnace top gas process backflow gas process system and the carbon dioxide separating system
2Separate gassing, a part refluxes, and reacts in high temperature high pressure entrained flow gasifier with coal, oxygen, water or water vapor, generates rich CO+H
2Reducing gas, another part is exported as the unstripped gas of chemical industry through further handling the back; Perhaps do not reflux whole rich CO
2Separating gassing exports as unstripped gas after treatment.
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