CN117621550A - 可持久耐高温的板体 - Google Patents
可持久耐高温的板体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种可持久耐高温的板体,包括:一防火层、一第一面板以及一第二面板。防火层包括一芯板、一第一防火板及一第二防火板,芯板位于第一防火板及第二防火板之间,且芯板的两面分别通过一无机胶黏剂与第一防火板、第二防火板相贴合;第一面板通过一有机胶黏剂与第一防火板相贴合;第二面板通过有机胶黏剂与第二防火板相贴合。其中芯板为水泥发泡板,第一面板、第二面板为钢板。本结构中,水泥发泡板加上双面涂刷无机胶再贴合防火板构成防火层,并采用有机胶将钢板贴合在防火层上。在高温下,防火层不脱胶、不变形。有机胶在200℃即失去黏着性,受火面的钢板会与防火层脱离,防火层不因受火面的钢板受热变形被折断,仍然具备原有的耐火性及阻热性。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种板体,尤指一种可持久耐高温的板体。
背景技术
防火门是指在一定时间内能满足耐火稳定性、完整性和隔热性要求的门。防火门是设置于建筑物内的门或闸门,用来抵抗火焰、燃烧气体产物的通过。而作为防火门的板体即显得至关重要。
建筑技术规则建筑设计施工编97条规定,进入安全梯的出入口,应装设具有一小时以上防火时效及半小时以上阻热性且具有遮烟性能的防火门。建筑技术规则建筑设计施工编97条中还规定,自室内通阳台或进入排烟室的出入口,应装设具有一小时以上防火时效及半小时以上阻热性的防火门。建筑技术规则建筑设计施工编86条规定,建筑物使用类组为B条的三组的厨房,应以具有一小时以上防火时效的墙壁及防火门窗等防火设备与该楼层的楼地板形成区划。也就是说,现行建筑防火规范中,每户的进户门以及厨房门都需是防火门。其中,耐火性(Fire Resistance)、阻热性(Fire Insulation)及防火时效(FireResistance Period)是用来评估防火门效能的重要特性。
耐火性是指在耐火试验条件下,建筑构件当其一面受火时,能在一定时间内防止火焰和热气穿透,或在背火面出现火焰的能力。阻热性是指在耐火试验条件下,建筑构件当其一面受火时,能在一定时间内,其非加热面温度不超过规定值的能力。防火时效是指对任一建筑构件,按照时间—温度标准曲线进行耐火试验,从受火作用时起,到构件失去稳定性或完整性或绝热性时止,这段抵抗火的作用时间,通常用小时来表示。
防火门是由板体所构成,板体包括位于中央的防火层及位于最外侧的面板(即钢板)。目前,仅能达到一小时的防火时效,若要达到二小时的防火时效,板体的厚度将大幅增加至70mm~80mm,目前无法为市场所接受。
例如中国台湾发明专利I628349所公开的一种《防火板及使用其的防火门》,该案包括一多孔性耐燃层,其具有一第一主面、一相对的第二主面及至少一缝隙,且该至少一缝隙于该第一主面及该第二主面的至少一者上形成一开口;以及一膨胀型阻燃材料,其系填充于该至少一缝隙中,且于遇热时会形成膨胀碳层,以得到具有二小时防火时效的芯板。
然而,该案主要是得到具有两小时防火时效的芯板,并未对其厚度作规范及改良,仍具有改进的空间。
有鉴于此,如何将上述缺陷加以摒除,即为本发明所要解决的技术困难点的所在。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术,因此本发明在于解决及改善现有技术中所存在的问题与缺陷。
为达成以上目的,本发明提供一种可持久耐高温的板体,其包括:一防火层、一第一面板以及一第二面板;该防火层包括一芯板、一第一防火板及一第二防火板,该芯板位于该第一防火板及该第二防火板之间,且该芯板的两面分别通过一无机胶黏剂与该第一防火板、该第二防火板相贴合;该第一面板通过一有机胶黏剂与该第一防火板相贴合;该第二面板通过有该机胶黏剂与该第二防火板相贴合。
其中,制成该芯板的原料包括水泥、粉煤灰、膨润土、纤维、发泡剂、稳泡剂及水。
其中,制成该无机胶黏剂的原料包括硅酸钠、海泡石、氟硅酸钠、膨润土、三聚磷酸钠及氧化锌。
其中,该第一防火板为硅酸钙板、纤维水泥板、氧化镁板或碳酸镁板。
其中,该有机胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶或亚克力胶。
其中,该第一面板为钢板。
其中,该第二防火板为硅酸钙板、纤维水泥板、氧化镁板或碳酸镁板。
其中,该第二面板为钢板。
其中,所述可持久耐高温的板体整体厚度在55mm以内。
其中,该芯板的厚度为40mm~48mm。
其中,该芯板为水泥发泡板,该第一面板、该第二面板为钢板。
通过上述说明,本发明可获得的功效大致如下:
本结构中,水泥发泡板加上双面涂刷该无机胶再贴合该第一防火板、该第二防火板构成该防火层,并采用该有机胶黏剂将钢板贴合在该防火层上。在高温下,该防火层不脱胶、不变形。该有机胶黏剂在200℃即失去黏着性,受火面的钢板会与该防火层脱离,该防火层不因受火面的钢板受热变形被折断,仍然具备原有的耐火性及阻热性。由于该板体本身即具备一定程度的刚性、优异的耐火性及阻热性,使该板体应用于防火门时无需大量的钢构支撑,可降低防火门的厚度及重量,减轻成本,便于安装施工。
附图说明
图1为本发明可持久耐高温的板体的结构示意图。
图2为芯板的制备流程图。
图3为无机胶黏剂的制备流程图。
图4为防火层的组合流程图。
图5为防火层、第一面板及第二面板的组合流程图。
图中,1、板体;11、防火层;111、芯板;112、第一防火板;113、第二防火板;114、无机胶黏剂;115、无机胶黏剂;12、第一面板;121、有机胶黏剂;13、第二面板;131、有机胶黏剂。
具体实施方式
实施例
为使本领域技术人员方便简洁了解本发明的其他特征内容与优点及其所达到的效果,现将本发明配合附图,详细说明如下:
请参阅图1所示,本发明提供一种可持久耐高温的板体1,其包括:一防火层11、一第一面板12以及一第二面板13。
该防火层11包括一芯板111、一第一防火板112及一第二防火板113,该芯板111位于该第一防火板112及该第二防火板113之间,且该芯板111分别通过一无机胶黏剂114、115与该第一防火板112、该第二防火板113相贴合。
该芯板111为水泥发泡板,制成该芯板111的原料包括水泥、粉煤灰、膨润土、纤维、发泡剂、稳泡剂及水。该芯板111以原料的总重量计,水泥占56~58wt%、粉煤灰占1~1.5wt%、膨润土占1~1.5wt%、纤维占0.5~0.6wt%、发泡剂占0.3~0.4wt%、稳泡剂占1~1.5wt%及水占其余。该芯板111的厚度为40mm~48mm。
制成该无机胶黏剂114、115的原料包括硅酸钠(Sodium Silicon, Na2O·nSiO2)、海泡石(Sepiolite, (Si12)(Mg8)O30(OH)4(OH2)4·8H2O)、氟硅酸钠(SodiumSilicofluoride, Na2SiF6)、膨润土(Bentonite)、三聚磷酸钠(Sodium Tripolyphosphate,Na5P3O10)及氧化锌(Zinc Oxide, ZnO)。该无机胶黏剂114、115以原料的总重量计,硅酸钠占44~45wt%、海泡石占44~45wt%、氟硅酸钠占5~6wt%、膨润土占1.5~2wt%、三聚磷酸钠占1.5~2wt%及氧化锌占1.5~2wt%。
该第一防火板112与该第二防火板113可为硅酸钙板、纤维水泥板、氧化镁板或碳酸镁板。该第一防火板112与该第二防火板113的厚度均为3mm~5mm。
该第一面板12与该第二面板13可为钢板。该第一面板12通过一有机胶黏剂121与该第一防火板112相贴合。该第二面板13通过该有机胶黏剂131与该第二防火板113相贴合。该第一面板12与该第二面板13的厚度均为0.6~1mm。
该有机胶黏剂121、131为聚氨酯胶(Polyurethane, PU)或亚克力胶(即聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯, Polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA)。
该芯板111、该第一防火板112、该第二防火板113、该第一面板12及该第二面板13在上述所提及的厚度范围内为可调整,以符合实际需求,但是该板体1的整体厚度需为55mm以内。
下述说明本发明所提供的可持久耐高温的板体1,其具体制备流程如下:
该芯板111的制备流程:
请参阅图1及图2所示,步骤S100,将水、发泡剂与稳泡剂加入发泡机内搅拌,且设定每一次搅拌的时间。即依序将定量的水、发泡剂与稳泡剂加入水桶内,再倒入发泡机内搅拌,搅拌均匀后,将输送管连接到发泡机上,且设定发泡机每一次搅拌的工作时间;
步骤S101,将水、纤维加入搅拌机内搅拌1~2分钟,再将水泥加入搅拌机内搅拌1~2分钟,将泡沫加入搅拌机内,搅拌4~5分钟,形成发泡水泥浆体。即依序将定量的水、纤维加入搅拌机内搅拌1~2分钟,再将定量的水泥加入搅拌机内搅拌1~2分钟,之后,将发泡机的输送管连接至搅拌机上,启动发泡机将泡沫加入搅拌机内,同时继续搅拌4~5分钟,形成发泡水泥浆体;
步骤S102,将搅拌好的发泡水泥浆体倒入输送桶内;
步骤S103,将发泡水泥浆体倒入成型模具内。即将输送桶内的发泡水泥浆体倒入成型模具内;
步骤S104,启动成型模具的温度控制装置。即启动成型模具的温度控制装置,使发泡水泥浆体在受控的温度条件下顺利反应成型;
步骤S105,等待15~20小时后,脱模制成芯板的半成品。即等待15~20小时后,脱模制成该芯板111的半成品;
步骤S106,将半成品放入养护房内,温度为20~40℃,时间2~3天,得到芯板的成品。即将脱模后的半成品放入养护房内进行养护,养护温度为20~40℃,养护时间2~3天,得到该芯板111的成品,即水泥发泡板。
该无机胶黏剂114、115的制备流程:
请参阅图1及图3所示,步骤S200,将各种原料加入搅拌机内,启动搅拌机搅拌4~5分钟,形成无机胶黏剂114、115。即将硅酸钠、海泡石、氟硅酸钠、膨润土、三聚磷酸钠及氧化锌等定量的各种原料加入搅拌机内,启动该搅拌机搅拌4~5分钟,形成该无机胶黏剂114、115;
步骤S201,将搅拌好的无机胶黏剂114、115装入防水密封容器内,以备随时使用。意即将搅拌好的该无机胶黏剂114、115(呈干料状)装入防水密封容器内,以备随时使用。
该防火层11的组合流程:
请参阅图1及图4所示,步骤S300,将无机胶黏剂114、115加入搅拌桶内,再将1.1倍50℃水加入搅拌。即从防水密封容器内取出,将适量的该无机胶黏剂114、115(呈干料状)加入搅拌桶内,再将1.1倍50℃水加入搅拌桶内,启动搅拌机搅拌均匀;
步骤S301,将搅拌好的无机胶黏剂114、115倒入喷漆机内。即将搅拌好的该无机胶黏剂114、115(由干料状加水后变成液态状),倒入无气喷漆机内(注:无气喷漆机是一种可进行自动喷漆的设备);
步骤S302,在芯板111与第一防火板112的表面上将粉尘清除干净。即将该芯板111与第一防火板112(即硅酸钙板),相邻放置,用吹尘枪在该芯板111与第一防火板112的表面上将粉尘清除干净;
步骤S303,将无机胶黏剂114喷涂在芯板111与第一防火板112的表面上。即用无气喷漆机将该无机胶黏剂114喷涂在该芯板111与第一防火板112的表面上,喷涂厚度为0.1~0.3mm;
步骤S304,将芯板111与第一防火板112的表面整齐贴合。即将已喷涂的该芯板111与第一防火板112的表面相对,整齐贴合;
步骤S305,翻面。即将该芯板111与第一防火板112进行翻面;
步骤S306,在芯板111与第二防火板113的表面上将粉尘清除干净。即将该芯板111与第二防火板113(即硅酸钙板),相邻放置,用吹尘枪在该芯板111与第二防火板113的表面上将粉尘清除干净;
步骤S307,将无机胶黏剂115喷涂在芯板111与第二防火板113的表面上。即用无气喷漆机将该无机胶黏剂115喷涂在该芯板111与第二防火板113的表面上,喷涂厚度为0.1~0.3mm;
步骤S308,将芯板111与第二防火板113的表面整齐贴合。即将已喷涂的该芯板111与第二防火板113的表面相对,整齐贴合;
步骤S309,堆叠放置15~20小时,使无机胶黏剂114、115固化,以形成防火层11。即将该芯板111、第一防火板112、第二防火板113堆叠放置15~20小时,使该无机胶黏剂114、115固化,以形成该防火层11。
该防火层11、该第一面板12及该第二面板13的组合流程:
请参阅图1及图5所示,步骤S400,在防火层11中的第一防火板112与第一面板12的表面上将粉尘清除。即接续在步骤S309之后,将步骤S309所形成的该防火层11与该第一面板12(即钢板),相邻放置,用吹尘枪在该防火层11中的第一防火板112与第一面板12的表面上将粉尘清除干净;
步骤S401,将有机胶黏剂121喷涂在该防火层11中的第一防火板112与第一面板12的表面上。即将该有机胶黏剂121喷涂在该防火层11中的第一防火板112与第一面板12的表面上,喷涂厚度为0.05~0.1mm;
步骤S402,将防火层11中的第一防火板112与第一面板12整齐贴合。即将该防火层11中的第一防火板112与第一面板12的表面相对,整齐贴合;
步骤S403,翻面。即将该防火层11与第一面板12进行翻面;
步骤S404,在防火层11中的第二防火板113与第二面板13上将粉尘清除。即将该防火层11与第二面板13(即钢板),相邻放置,用吹尘枪在该防火层11中的第二防火板113与第二面板13的表面上将粉尘清除干净;
步骤S405,将有机胶黏剂131喷涂在该防火层11中的第二防火板113与第二面板13上。即将该有机胶黏剂131喷涂在该防火层11中的第二防火板113与第二面板13的表面上,喷涂厚度为0.05~0.1mm;
步骤S406,将防火层11中的第二防火板113与第二面板13整齐贴合。即将该防火层11中的第二防火板113与第二面板13的表面相对,整齐贴合;
步骤S407,堆叠放置15~20小时,使有机胶黏剂121、131固化,以形成板体1。即将该防火层11、第一面板12、第二面板13堆叠放置15~20小时,使该有机胶黏剂121、131固化,以形成该板体1。
综上所述,制成该芯板111的原料包括水泥、粉煤灰、膨润土、纤维、发泡剂、稳泡剂及水,使该板体1提供良好的刚性、耐火性及阻热性,以应用于防火门,可无需大量的钢构支撑且降低厚度、重量、成本,便于安装施工。
本发明的特点如下:
一、该板体1结构包括位于中央的该芯板1,该芯板1的两面喷涂该无机胶黏剂114、115后,各贴合上该第一防火板112、该第二防火板113(即硅酸钙板),并在硅酸钙板喷涂该有机胶黏剂121、131,位于最外侧是该第一面板12、该第二面板13,该板体1的总厚度在55mm以内。
二、该板体1可达到二小时的防火时效(Fire Resistance Period, FRP)。
三、该板体1采无机原料,无毒、无害,不会污染环境。
四、该无机胶黏剂114、115具有良好的黏结强度和耐水性。
五、该芯板11,可抗裂,增加韧度,具有良好的耐冲击性。
现有的防火门在单面受热时,由于受火面的钢板以及其内部的各钢质骨架受热膨胀而背火面仍在低温不膨胀,造成整体防火门弯曲变形,将其内部的防火层折断,使防火门丧失耐火性与阻热性。因此需采用较大的钢骨及较厚重的防火板,以减少受火面受热膨胀变形的程度,降低丧失耐火性与阻热性的风险。因此现有的防火门存在着需采用较大的钢骨以及较厚重的防火板的缺陷。
相较现有的防火门,本发明的该板体1所制成的防火门的优点如下:
一、本结构的该板体1采用该有机胶黏剂121、131将该第一面板12、该第二面板13(即钢板)贴合在该防火层11上,主要作用在:在受火高温时,该受火面的有机胶黏剂121或131在200℃即失去黏着性,受火面的钢板会与该防火层11脱离,该防火层11不因受火面的钢板受热变形被折断,仍然具备原有的耐火性与阻热性。
二、本结构采用复合材料,由水泥、粉煤灰、膨润土、纤维、发泡剂、稳泡剂及水形成水泥发泡板(即该芯板111),水泥发泡板加上双面涂刷该无机胶黏剂114、115再贴合该第一防火板112、该第二防火板113构成该防火层11 。在高温下,该防火层11不脱胶、不变形,从而保证该板体1所制成的防火门其完整性以及阻热性。
三、该板体1所制成的防火门,背火面因该防火层11仍然具备原有的耐火性与阻热性,使背火面温度不超过140℃。背火面的钢板(即该第一面板12或该第二面板13)在140℃的温度下,在门高2.1米时,热膨胀量仅约3毫米,变形量极低,且该有机胶黏剂121或131在该温度下仍保持原有的胶黏性,不破坏防火门的整体性。
四、因此,该板体1所制成的防火门,无需较大的钢骨以及较厚重的防火板。在受热时只有受火面的钢板(即该第一面板12或该第二面板13)受热脱胶变形,其它部分均维持原样,即使再加冲击、冲水测试,防火门仍能顺利开合。
上述仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,并非用以限定本发明实施的范围;故在不脱离本发明的精神与范畴内所作的等效的修饰、组合、置换或转用等,皆应涵盖于本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,包括:
一防火层,包括一芯板、一第一防火板及一第二防火板,该芯板位于该第一防火板及该第二防火板之间,且该芯板的两面分别通过一无机胶黏剂与该第一防火板、该第二防火板相贴合,其中制成该无机胶黏剂的原料包括硅酸钠、海泡石、氟硅酸钠、膨润土、三聚磷酸钠及氧化锌;
一第一面板,通过一有机胶黏剂与该第一防火板相贴合;以及
一第二面板,通过该有机胶黏剂与该第二防火板相贴合。
2.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,制成该芯板的原料包括水泥、粉煤灰、膨润土、纤维、发泡剂、稳泡剂及水。
3.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,该第一防火板为硅酸钙板、纤维水泥板、氧化镁板或碳酸镁板。
4.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,该有机胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶或亚克力胶。
5.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,该第一面板为钢板。
6.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,该第二防火板为硅酸钙板、纤维水泥板、氧化镁板或碳酸镁板。
7.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,该第二面板为钢板。
8.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,所述可持久耐高温的板体整体厚度在55mm以内。
9.如权利要求1所述的可持久耐高温的板体,其特征在于,该芯板的厚度为40mm~48mm。
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